TNH N IU CA HM S

PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
1. Tm TXD
2. Tnh o hm
3. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
4. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
5. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
2. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
3. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
4. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
5. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
6. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
7. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
8. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
9. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
10. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
1. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
2. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
3. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
4. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
1. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
2. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
6. Tm TXD
7. Tnh o hm
8. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
9. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
10. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

mx + 1
,
x+m

2. y =

2 x 2 3 x + m
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
11. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
12. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
13. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
14. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
15. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
16. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
17. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
18. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
19. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
20. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
5. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
6. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
7. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
8. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
3. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
4. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
11. Tm TXD
12. Tnh o hm
13. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
14. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
15. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
21. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
22. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
23. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
24. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
25. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
26. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
27. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
28. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
29. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
30. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
9. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
10. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
11. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
12. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
5. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
6. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
16. Tm TXD
17. Tnh o hm
18. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
19. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
20. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
31. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
32. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
33. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
34. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
35. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
36. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
37. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
38. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
39. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
40. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
13. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
14. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
15. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
16. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.

Ch 2:
7. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
8. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
21. Tm TXD
22. Tnh o hm
23. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
24. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
25. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
41. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
42. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
43. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
44. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
45. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
46. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
47. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
48. y =

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
49. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
50. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
17. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
18. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
19. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
20. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
9. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
10. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
26. Tm TXD
27. Tnh o hm
28. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
29. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
30. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
51. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
52. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
53. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
54. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

55. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R

56. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
57. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
59. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
60. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm
58. y =

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
21. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
22. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
23. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
24. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
11. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
12. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
31. Tm TXD
32. Tnh o hm
33. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
34. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
35. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

61. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

62. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
63. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
64. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
65. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
66. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
67. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
69. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
70. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm
68. y =

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
25. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
26. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
27. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
28. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
13. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
14. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
36. Tm TXD
37. Tnh o hm
38. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
39. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
40. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

mx + 1
,
x+m

2. y =

2 x 2 3 x + m
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
71. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
72. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
73. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
74. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
75. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
76. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
77. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
78. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
79. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
80. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
29. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
30. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
31. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
32. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
15. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
16. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
41. Tm TXD
42. Tnh o hm
43. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
44. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
45. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
81. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
82. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
83. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
84. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
85. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
86. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
87. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
88. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
89. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
90. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
33. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
34. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
35. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
36. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
17. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
18. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
46. Tm TXD
47. Tnh o hm
48. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
49. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
50. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
91. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
92. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
93. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
94. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
95. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
96. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
97. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
98. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
99. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
100.
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
37. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
38. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
39. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
40. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.

Ch 2:
19. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
20. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
51. Tm TXD
52. Tnh o hm
53. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
54. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
55. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
101. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
102. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
103. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
104. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
105. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
106. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
107. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
108.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

109.
110.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
41. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
42. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
43. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
44. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
21. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
22. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
56. Tm TXD
57. Tnh o hm
58. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
59. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
60. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
111. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
112. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
113. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
114. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R

y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

115.
116.
117.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

118.
119.
120.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
45. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
46. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
47. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
48. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
23. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
24. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
61. Tm TXD
62. Tnh o hm
63. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
64. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
65. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

128.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

129.
130.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
49. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
50. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
51. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
52. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
25. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
26. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
66. Tm TXD
67. Tnh o hm
68. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
69. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
70. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

mx + 1
,
x+m

2. y =

2 x 2 3 x + m
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
131. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
132. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
133. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
134. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
135. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
136. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
137. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

138.
139.
140.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
53. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
54. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
55. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
56. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
27. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
28. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
71. Tm TXD
72. Tnh o hm
73. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
74. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
75. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
141. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
142. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
143. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
144. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
145. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
146. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
147. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

148.
149.
150.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
57. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
58. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
59. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
60. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
29. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
30. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
76. Tm TXD
77. Tnh o hm
78. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
79. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
80. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
151. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
152. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
153. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
154. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
155. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
156. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
157. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
158.
159.
160.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
61. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
62. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
63. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
64. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.

Ch 2:
31. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
32. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
81. Tm TXD
82. Tnh o hm
83. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
84. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
85. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
161. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
162. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
163. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
164. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
165. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
166. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
167. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
168.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

169.
170.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
65. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
66. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
67. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
68. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
33. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
34. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
86. Tm TXD
87. Tnh o hm
88. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
89. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
90. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
171. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
172. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
173. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
174. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R

y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

175.
176.
177.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

178.
179.
180.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
69. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
70. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
71. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
72. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
35. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
36. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
91. Tm TXD
92. Tnh o hm
93. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
94. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
95. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

188.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

189.
190.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
73. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
74. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
75. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
76. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
37. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
38. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
96. Tm TXD
97. Tnh o hm
98. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
99. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
100. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

mx + 1
,
x+m

2. y =

2 x 2 3 x + m
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
191. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
192. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
193. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
194. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
195. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
196. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
197. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

198.
199.
200.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
77. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
78. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
79. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
80. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
39. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
40. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
101. Tm TXD
102. Tnh o hm
103. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
104. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
105. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
201. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
202. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
203. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
204. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
205. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
206. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
207. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

208.
209.
210.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
81. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
82. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
83. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
84. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
41. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
42. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
106. Tm TXD
107. Tnh o hm
108. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
109. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
110. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
211. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
212. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
213. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
214. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
215. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
216. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
217. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
218.
219.
220.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
85. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
86. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
87. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
88. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.

Ch 2:
43. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
44. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
111. Tm TXD
112. Tnh o hm
113. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
114. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
115. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
221. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
222. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
223. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
224. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
225. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
226. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
227. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
228.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

229.
230.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
89. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
90. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
91. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
92. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
45. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
46. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
116. Tm TXD
117. Tnh o hm
118. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
119. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
120. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
231. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
232. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
233. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
234. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R

y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

235.
236.
237.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

238.
239.
240.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
93. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
94. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
95. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
96. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
47. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
48. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
121. Tm TXD
122. Tnh o hm
123. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
124. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
125. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

248.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

249.
250.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
97. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
98. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
99. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
100. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
49. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
50. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
126. Tm TXD
127. Tnh o hm
128. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
129. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
130. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

mx + 1
,
x+m

2. y =

2 x 2 3 x + m
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
251. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
252. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
253. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
254. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
255. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
256. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
257. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

258.
259.
260.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
101. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
102. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
103. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
104. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
51. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
52. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
131. Tm TXD
132. Tnh o hm
133. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
134. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
135. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
261. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
262. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
263. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
264. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
265. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
266. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
267. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

268.
269.
270.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
105. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
106. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
107. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
108. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
53. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
54. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
136. Tm TXD
137. Tnh o hm
138. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
139. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
140. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
271. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
272. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
273. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
274. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
275. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
276. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
277. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
278.
279.
280.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
109. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
110. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
111. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
112. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
55. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
56. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
141. Tm TXD
142. Tnh o hm
143. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
144. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
145. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
281. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
282. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
283. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
284. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
285. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
286. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
287. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
288.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

289.
290.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
113. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
114. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
115. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
116. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
57. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
58. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
146. Tm TXD
147. Tnh o hm
148. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
149. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
150. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
291. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
292. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
293. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
294. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R

y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

295.
296.
297.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

298.
299.
300.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
117. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
118. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
119. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
120. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
59. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
60. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
151. Tm TXD
152. Tnh o hm
153. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
154. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
155. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
301. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
302. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
303. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
304. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
305. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
306. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
307. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

308.
309.
310.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
121. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
122. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
123. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
124. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
61. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
62. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
156. Tm TXD
157. Tnh o hm
158. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
159. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
160. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

mx + 1
,
x+m

2. y =

2 x 2 3 x + m
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
311. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
312. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
313. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
314. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
315. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
316. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
317. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

318.
319.
320.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
125. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
126. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
127. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
128. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
63. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
64. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
161. Tm TXD
162. Tnh o hm
163. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
164. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
165. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
321. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
322. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
323. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
324. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
325. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
326. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
327. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

328.
329.
330.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
129. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
130. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
131. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
132. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
65. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
66. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
166. Tm TXD
167. Tnh o hm
168. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
169. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
170. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
331. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
332. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
333. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
334. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
335. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
336. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
337. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
338.
339.
340.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
133. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
134. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
135. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
136. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
67. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
68. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
171. Tm TXD
172. Tnh o hm
173. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
174. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
175. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
341. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
342. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
343. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
344. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
345. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
346. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
347. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
348.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

349.
350.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
137. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
138. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
139. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
140. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
69. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
70. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
176. Tm TXD
177. Tnh o hm
178. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
179. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
180. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
351. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
352. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
353. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
354. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R

y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

355.
356.
357.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

358.
359.
360.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
141. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
142. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
143. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
144. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
71. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
72. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
181. Tm TXD
182. Tnh o hm
183. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
184. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
185. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
361. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
362. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
363. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
364. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
365. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
366. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
367. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

368.
369.
370.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
145. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
146. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
147. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
148. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
73. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
74. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
186. Tm TXD
187. Tnh o hm
188. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
189. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
190. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

mx + 1
,
x+m

2. y =

2 x 2 3 x + m
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
371. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
372. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
373. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
374. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
375. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
376. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
377. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

378.
379.
380.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
149. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
150. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
151. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
152. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
75. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
76. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
191. Tm TXD
192. Tnh o hm
193. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
194. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
195. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
381. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
382. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
383. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
384. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
385. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
386. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
387. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

388.
389.
390.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
153. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
154. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
155. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
156. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
77. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
78. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
196. Tm TXD
197. Tnh o hm
198. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
199. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
200. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
391. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
392. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
393. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
394. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
395. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
396. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
397. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
398.
399.
400.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
157. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
158. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
159. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
160. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
79. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
80. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
201. Tm TXD
202. Tnh o hm
203. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
204. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
205. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
401. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
402. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
403. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
404. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
405. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
406. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
407. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
408.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

409.
410.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
161. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
162. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
163. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
164. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
81. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
82. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
206. Tm TXD
207. Tnh o hm
208. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
209. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
210. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
411. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
412. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
413. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
414. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R

y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

415.
416.
417.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

418.
419.
420.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
165. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
166. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
167. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
168. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
83. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
84. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
211. Tm TXD
212. Tnh o hm
213. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
214. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
215. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
421. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
422. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
423. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
424. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
425. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
426. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
427. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

428.
429.
430.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
169. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
170. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
171. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
172. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
85. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
86. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
216. Tm TXD
217. Tnh o hm
218. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
219. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
220. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

mx + 1
,
x+m

2. y =

2 x 2 3 x + m
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
431. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
432. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
433. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
434. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
435. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
436. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
437. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

438.
439.
440.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
173. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
174. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
175. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
176. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
87. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
88. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
221. Tm TXD
222. Tnh o hm
223. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
224. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
225. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
441. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
442. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
443. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
444. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
445. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
446. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
447. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

448.
449.
450.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
177. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
178. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
179. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
180. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
89. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
90. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
226. Tm TXD
227. Tnh o hm
228. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
229. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
230. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
451. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
452. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
453. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
454. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
455. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
456. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
457. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
458.
459.
460.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
181. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
182. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
183. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
184. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
91. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
92. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
231. Tm TXD
232. Tnh o hm
233. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
234. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
235. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
461. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
462. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
463. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
464. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
465. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
466. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
467. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
468.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

469.
470.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
185. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
186. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
187. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
188. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
93. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
94. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
236. Tm TXD
237. Tnh o hm
238. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
239. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
240. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
471. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
472. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
473. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
474. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R

y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

475.
476.
477.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

478.
479.
480.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
189. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
190. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
191. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
192. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
95. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
96. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x 2

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
241. Tm TXD
242. Tnh o hm
243. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
244. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
245. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
481. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
482. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
483. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
484. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
485. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
486. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
487. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

488.
489.
490.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
193. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
194. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
195. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
196. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
97. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
98. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y= |x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
246. Tm TXD
247. Tnh o hm
248. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
249. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
250. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

mx + 1
,
x+m

2. y =

2 x 2 3 x + m
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
491. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
492. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
493. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
494. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
495. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
496. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
497. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

498.
499.
500.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
197. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
198. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
199. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
200. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
99. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
100. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
251. Tm TXD
252. Tnh o hm
253. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
254. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
255. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
501. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
502. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
503. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
504. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
505. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
506. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
507. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

508.
509.
510.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
201. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
202. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
203. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
204. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
101. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
102. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
256. Tm TXD
257. Tnh o hm
258. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
259. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
260. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
511. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
512. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
513. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
514. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
515. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
516. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
517. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
518.
519.
520.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
205. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
206. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
207. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
208. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
103. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
104. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
261. Tm TXD
262. Tnh o hm
263. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
264. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
265. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
521. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
522. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
523. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
524. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
525. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
526. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
527. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
528.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

529.
530.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
209. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
210. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
211. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
212. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
105. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
106. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
266. Tm TXD
267. Tnh o hm
268. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
269. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
270. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

531.
532.
533.
534.
535.
536.
537.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

538.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

539.
540.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
213. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
214. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
215. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
216. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
107. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
108. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
271. Tm TXD
272. Tnh o hm
273. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
274. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
275. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
541. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
542. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
543. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
544. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
545. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
546. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
547. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

548.
549.
550.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
217. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
218. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
219. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
220. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
109. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
110. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
276. Tm TXD
277. Tnh o hm
278. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
279. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
280. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
551. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
552. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
553. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
554. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
555. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
556. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
557. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

558.
559.
560.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
221. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
222. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
223. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
224. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
111. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
112. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
281. Tm TXD
282. Tnh o hm
283. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
284. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
285. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
561. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
562. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
563. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
564. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
565. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
566. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
567. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
568.
569.
570.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
225. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
226. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
227. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
228. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
113. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
114. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
286. Tm TXD
287. Tnh o hm
288. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
289. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
290. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
571. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
572. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
573. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
574. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
575. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
576. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
577. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
578.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

579.
580.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
229. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
230. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
231. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
232. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
115. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
116. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
291. Tm TXD
292. Tnh o hm
293. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
294. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
295. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

581.
582.
583.
584.
585.
586.
587.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

588.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

589.
590.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
233. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
234. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
235. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
236. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
117. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
118. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
296. Tm TXD
297. Tnh o hm
298. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
299. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
300. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
591. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
592. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
593. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
594. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
595. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
596. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
597. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

598.
599.
600.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
237. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
238. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
239. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
240. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
119. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
120. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
301. Tm TXD
302. Tnh o hm
303. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
304. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
305. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
601. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
602. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
603. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
604. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
605. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
606. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
607. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

608.
609.
610.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
241. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
242. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
243. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
244. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
121. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
122. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
306. Tm TXD
307. Tnh o hm
308. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
309. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
310. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
611. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
612. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
613. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
614. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
615. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
616. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
617. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
618.
619.
620.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
245. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
246. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
247. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
248. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
123. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
124. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
311. Tm TXD
312. Tnh o hm
313. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
314. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
315. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
621. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
622. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
623. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
624. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
625. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
626. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
627. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
628.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

629.
630.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
249. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
250. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
251. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
252. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
125. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
126. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
316. Tm TXD
317. Tnh o hm
318. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
319. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
320. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

631.
632.
633.
634.
635.
636.
637.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

638.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

639.
640.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
253. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
254. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
255. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
256. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
127. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
128. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
321. Tm TXD
322. Tnh o hm
323. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
324. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
325. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
641. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
642. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
643. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
644. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
645. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
646. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
647. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

648.
649.
650.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
257. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
258. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
259. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
260. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
129. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
130. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
326. Tm TXD
327. Tnh o hm
328. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
329. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
330. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
651. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
652. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
653. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
654. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
655. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
656. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
657. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

658.
659.
660.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
261. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
262. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
263. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
264. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
131. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
132. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
331. Tm TXD
332. Tnh o hm
333. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
334. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
335. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
661. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
662. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
663. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
664. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
665. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
666. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
667. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
668.
669.
670.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
265. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
266. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
267. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
268. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
133. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
134. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
336. Tm TXD
337. Tnh o hm
338. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
339. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
340. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
671. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
672. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
673. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
674. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
675. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
676. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
677. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
678.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

679.
680.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
269. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
270. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
271. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
272. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
135. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
136. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
341. Tm TXD
342. Tnh o hm
343. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
344. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
345. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

681.
682.
683.
684.
685.
686.
687.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

688.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

689.
690.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
273. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
274. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
275. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
276. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
137. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
138. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
346. Tm TXD
347. Tnh o hm
348. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
349. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
350. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
691. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
692. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
693. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
694. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
695. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
696. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
697. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

698.
699.
700.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
277. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
278. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
279. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
280. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
139. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
140. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
351. Tm TXD
352. Tnh o hm
353. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
354. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
355. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
701. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
702. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
703. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
704. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
705. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
706. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
707. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

708.
709.
710.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
281. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
282. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
283. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
284. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
141. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
142. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
356. Tm TXD
357. Tnh o hm
358. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
359. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
360. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
711. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
712. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
713. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
714. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
715. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
716. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
717. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
718.
719.
720.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
285. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
286. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
287. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
288. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
143. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
144. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
361. Tm TXD
362. Tnh o hm
363. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
364. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
365. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
721. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
722. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
723. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
724. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
725. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
726. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
727. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
728.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

729.
730.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
289. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
290. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
291. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
292. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
145. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
146. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
366. Tm TXD
367. Tnh o hm
368. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
369. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
370. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

731.
732.
733.
734.
735.
736.
737.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

738.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

739.
740.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
293. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
294. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
295. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
296. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
147. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
148. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
371. Tm TXD
372. Tnh o hm
373. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
374. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
375. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
741. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
742. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
743. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
744. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
745. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
746. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
747. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

748.
749.
750.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
297. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
298. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
299. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
300. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
149. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
150. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
376. Tm TXD
377. Tnh o hm
378. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
379. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
380. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
751. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
752. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
753. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
754. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
755. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
756. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
757. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

758.
759.
760.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
301. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
302. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
303. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
304. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
151. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
152. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
381. Tm TXD
382. Tnh o hm
383. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
384. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
385. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
761. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
762. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
763. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
764. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
765. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
766. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
767. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
768.
769.
770.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
305. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
306. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
307. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
308. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
153. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
154. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
386. Tm TXD
387. Tnh o hm
388. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
389. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
390. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
771. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
772. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
773. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
774. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
775. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
776. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
777. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
778.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

779.
780.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
309. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
310. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
311. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
312. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
155. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
156. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
391. Tm TXD
392. Tnh o hm
393. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
394. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
395. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

781.
782.
783.
784.
785.
786.
787.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

788.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

789.
790.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
313. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
314. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
315. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
316. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
157. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
158. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
396. Tm TXD
397. Tnh o hm
398. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
399. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
400. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
791. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
792. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
793. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
794. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
795. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
796. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
797. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

798.
799.
800.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
317. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
318. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
319. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
320. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
159. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
160. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
401. Tm TXD
402. Tnh o hm
403. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
404. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
405. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
801. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
802. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
803. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
804. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
805. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
806. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
807. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

808.
809.
810.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
321. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
322. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
323. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
324. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
161. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
162. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
406. Tm TXD
407. Tnh o hm
408. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
409. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
410. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
811. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
812. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
813. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
814. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
815. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
816. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
817. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
818.
819.
820.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
325. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
326. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
327. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
328. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
163. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
164. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
411. Tm TXD
412. Tnh o hm
413. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
414. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
415. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
821. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
822. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
823. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
824. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
825. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
826. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
827. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
828.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

829.
830.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
329. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
330. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
331. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
332. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
165. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
166. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
416. Tm TXD
417. Tnh o hm
418. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
419. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
420. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

831.
832.
833.
834.
835.
836.
837.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

838.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

839.
840.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
333. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
334. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
335. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
336. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
167. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
168. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
421. Tm TXD
422. Tnh o hm
423. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
424. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
425. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
841. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
842. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
843. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
844. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
845. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
846. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
847. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

848.
849.
850.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
337. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
338. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
339. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
340. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
169. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
170. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
426. Tm TXD
427. Tnh o hm
428. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
429. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
430. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
851. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
852. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
853. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
854. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
855. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
856. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
857. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

858.
859.
860.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
341. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
342. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
343. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
344. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
171. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
172. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
431. Tm TXD
432. Tnh o hm
433. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
434. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
435. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
861. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
862. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
863. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
864. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
865. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
866. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
867. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
868.
869.
870.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
345. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
346. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
347. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
348. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
173. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
174. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
436. Tm TXD
437. Tnh o hm
438. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
439. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
440. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
871. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
872. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
873. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
874. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
875. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
876. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
877. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
878.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

879.
880.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
349. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
350. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
351. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
352. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
175. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
176. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
441. Tm TXD
442. Tnh o hm
443. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
444. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
445. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

881.
882.
883.
884.
885.
886.
887.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

888.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

889.
890.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
353. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
354. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
355. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
356. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
177. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
178. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
446. Tm TXD
447. Tnh o hm
448. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
449. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
450. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
891. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
892. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
893. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
894. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
895. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
896. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
897. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

898.
899.
900.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
357. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
358. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
359. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
360. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
179. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
180. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
451. Tm TXD
452. Tnh o hm
453. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
454. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
455. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
901. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
902. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
903. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
904. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
905. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
906. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
907. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

908.
909.
910.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
361. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
362. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
363. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
364. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
181. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
182. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
456. Tm TXD
457. Tnh o hm
458. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
459. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
460. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
911. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
912. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
913. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
914. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
915. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
916. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
917. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
918.
919.
920.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
365. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
366. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
367. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
368. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
183. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
184. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
461. Tm TXD
462. Tnh o hm
463. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
464. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
465. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
921. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
922. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
923. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
924. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
925. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
926. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
927. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
928.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

929.
930.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
369. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
370. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
371. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
372. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
185. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
186. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
466. Tm TXD
467. Tnh o hm
468. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
469. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
470. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

931.
932.
933.
934.
935.
936.
937.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

938.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

939.
940.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
373. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
374. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
375. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
376. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
187. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
188. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
471. Tm TXD
472. Tnh o hm
473. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
474. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
475. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
941. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
942. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
943. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
944. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
945. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
946. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
947. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

948.
949.
950.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
377. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
378. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
379. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
380. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
189. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
190. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
476. Tm TXD
477. Tnh o hm
478. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
479. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
480. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
951. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
952. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
953. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
954. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
955. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
956. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
957. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

958.
959.
960.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
381. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
382. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
383. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
384. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
191. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
192. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
481. Tm TXD
482. Tnh o hm
483. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
484. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
485. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
961. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
962. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
963. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
964. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
965. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
966. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
967. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
968.
969.
970.

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
385. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
386. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
387. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
388. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
193. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
194. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
486. Tm TXD
487. Tnh o hm
488. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
489. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
490. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
971. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
972. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
973. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
974. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
975. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
976. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
977. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
978.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

979.
980.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
389. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
390. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
391. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
392. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
195. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
196. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
491. Tm TXD
492. Tnh o hm
493. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
494. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
495. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

981.
982.
983.
984.
985.
986.
987.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

988.

y=

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
y=
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
y=
xm

989.
990.

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
393. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
394. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
395. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
396. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
197. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
198. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
496. Tm TXD
497. Tnh o hm
498. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
499. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
500. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
991. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
992. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
993. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
994. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
995. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
996. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
997. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
998. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
999. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1000. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
397. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
398. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
399. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
400. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
199. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
200. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
501. Tm TXD
502. Tnh o hm
503. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
504. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
505. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1001. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1002. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1003. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1004. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1005. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1006. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1007. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1008. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1009. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1010. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
401. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
402. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
403. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
404. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
201. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
202. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
506. Tm TXD
507. Tnh o hm
508. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
509. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
510. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1011. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1012. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1013. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1014. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1015. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1016. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1017. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1018. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1019. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1020. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
405. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
406. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
407. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
408. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
203. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
204. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
511. Tm TXD
512. Tnh o hm
513. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
514. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
515. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1021. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1022. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1023. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1024. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1025. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1026. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1027. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
1028. y =

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1029. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1030. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
409. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
410. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
411. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
412. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
205. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
206. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
516. Tm TXD
517. Tnh o hm
518. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
519. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
520. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1031.
1032.
1033.
1034.
1035.
1036.
1037.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1039. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1040. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm
1038. y =

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
413. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
414. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
415. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
416. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
207. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
208. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
521. Tm TXD
522. Tnh o hm
523. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
524. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
525. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1041. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1042. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1043. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1044. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1045. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1046. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1047. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1048. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1049. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1050. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
417. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
418. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
419. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
420. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
209. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
210. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
526. Tm TXD
527. Tnh o hm
528. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
529. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
530. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1051. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1052. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1053. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1054. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1055. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1056. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1057. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1058. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1059. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1060. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
421. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
422. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
423. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
424. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
211. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
212. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
531. Tm TXD
532. Tnh o hm
533. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
534. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
535. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1061. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1062. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1063. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1064. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1065. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1066. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1067. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1068. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1069. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1070. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
425. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
426. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
427. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
428. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
213. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
214. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
536. Tm TXD
537. Tnh o hm
538. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
539. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
540. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1071. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1072. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1073. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1074. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1075. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1076. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1077. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
1078. y =

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1079. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1080. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
429. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
430. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
431. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
432. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
215. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
216. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
541. Tm TXD
542. Tnh o hm
543. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
544. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
545. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1081.
1082.
1083.
1084.
1085.
1086.
1087.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1089. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1090. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm
1088. y =

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
433. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
434. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
435. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
436. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
217. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
218. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
546. Tm TXD
547. Tnh o hm
548. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
549. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
550. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1091. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1092. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1093. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1094. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1095. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1096. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1097. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1098. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1099. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1100. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
437. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
438. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
439. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
440. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
219. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
220. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
551. Tm TXD
552. Tnh o hm
553. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
554. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
555. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1101. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1102. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1103. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1104. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1105. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1106. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1107. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1108. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1109. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1110. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
441. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
442. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
443. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
444. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
221. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
222. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
556. Tm TXD
557. Tnh o hm
558. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
559. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
560. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1111. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1112. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1113. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1114. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1115. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1116. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1117. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1118. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1119. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1120. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
445. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
446. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
447. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
448. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
223. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
224. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
561. Tm TXD
562. Tnh o hm
563. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
564. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
565. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1121. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1122. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1123. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1124. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1125. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1126. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1127. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
1128. y =

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1129. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1130. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
449. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
450. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
451. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
452. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
225. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
226. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
566. Tm TXD
567. Tnh o hm
568. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
569. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
570. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1131.
1132.
1133.
1134.
1135.
1136.
1137.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1139. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1140. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm
1138. y =

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
453. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
454. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
455. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
456. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
227. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
228. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
571. Tm TXD
572. Tnh o hm
573. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
574. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
575. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1141. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1142. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1143. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1144. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1145. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1146. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1147. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1148. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1149. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1150. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
457. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
458. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
459. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
460. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
229. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
230. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
576. Tm TXD
577. Tnh o hm
578. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
579. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
580. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1151. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1152. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1153. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1154. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1155. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1156. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1157. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1158. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1159. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1160. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
461. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
462. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
463. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
464. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
231. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
232. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
581. Tm TXD
582. Tnh o hm
583. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
584. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
585. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1161. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1162. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1163. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1164. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1165. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1166. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1167. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1168. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1169. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1170. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
465. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
466. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
467. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
468. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
233. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
234. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
586. Tm TXD
587. Tnh o hm
588. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
589. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
590. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1171. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1172. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1173. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1174. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1175. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1176. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1177. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
1178. y =

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1179. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1180. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
469. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
470. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
471. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
472. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
235. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
236. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
591. Tm TXD
592. Tnh o hm
593. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
594. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
595. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1181.
1182.
1183.
1184.
1185.
1186.
1187.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1189. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1190. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm
1188. y =

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
473. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
474. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
475. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
476. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
237. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
238. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
596. Tm TXD
597. Tnh o hm
598. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
599. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
600. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1191. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1192. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1193. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1194. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1195. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1196. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1197. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1198. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1199. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1200. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
477. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
478. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
479. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
480. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
239. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
240. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
601. Tm TXD
602. Tnh o hm
603. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
604. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
605. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1201. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1202. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1203. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1204. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1205. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1206. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1207. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1208. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1209. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1210. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
481. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
482. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
483. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
484. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
241. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
242. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
606. Tm TXD
607. Tnh o hm
608. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
609. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
610. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1211. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1212. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1213. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1214. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1215. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1216. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1217. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1218. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1219. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1220. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
485. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
486. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
487. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
488. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
243. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
244. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
611. Tm TXD
612. Tnh o hm
613. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
614. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
615. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1221. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1222. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1223. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1224. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1225. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1226. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1227. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
1228. y =

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1229. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1230. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
489. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
490. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
491. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
492. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
245. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
246. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
616. Tm TXD
617. Tnh o hm
618. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
619. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
620. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1231.
1232.
1233.
1234.
1235.
1236.
1237.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1239. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1240. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm
1238. y =

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
493. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
494. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
495. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
496. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
247. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
248. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
621. Tm TXD
622. Tnh o hm
623. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
624. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
625. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1241. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1242. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1243. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1244. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1245. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1246. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1247. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1248. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1249. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1250. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
497. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
498. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
499. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
500. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
249. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
250. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
626. Tm TXD
627. Tnh o hm
628. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
629. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
630. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1251. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1252. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1253. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1254. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1255. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1256. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1257. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1258. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1259. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1260. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
501. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
502. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
503. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
504. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
251. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
252. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
631. Tm TXD
632. Tnh o hm
633. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
634. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
635. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1261. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1262. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1263. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1264. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1265. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1266. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1267. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1268. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1269. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1270. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
505. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
506. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
507. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
508. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
253. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
254. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
636. Tm TXD
637. Tnh o hm
638. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
639. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
640. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1271. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1272. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1273. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1274. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1275. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1276. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1277. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
1278. y =

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1279. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1280. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
509. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
510. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
511. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
512. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
255. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
256. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
641. Tm TXD
642. Tnh o hm
643. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
644. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
645. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1281.
1282.
1283.
1284.
1285.
1286.
1287.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1289. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1290. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm
1288. y =

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
513. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
514. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
515. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
516. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
257. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
258. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
646. Tm TXD
647. Tnh o hm
648. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
649. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
650. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1291. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1292. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1293. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1294. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1295. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1296. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1297. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1298. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1299. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1300. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
517. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
518. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
519. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
520. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
259. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
260. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
651. Tm TXD
652. Tnh o hm
653. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
654. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
655. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1301. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1302. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1303. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1304. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1305. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1306. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1307. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1308. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1309. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1310. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
521. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
522. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
523. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
524. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
261. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
262. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
656. Tm TXD
657. Tnh o hm
658. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
659. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
660. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1311. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1312. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1313. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1314. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1315. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1316. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1317. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1318. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1319. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1320. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
525. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
526. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
527. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
528. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
263. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
264. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
661. Tm TXD
662. Tnh o hm
663. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
664. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
665. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1321. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1322. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1323. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1324. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1325. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1326. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1327. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
1328. y =

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1329. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1330. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
529. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
530. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
531. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
532. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
265. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
266. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
666. Tm TXD
667. Tnh o hm
668. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
669. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
670. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1331.
1332.
1333.
1334.
1335.
1336.
1337.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1339. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1340. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm
1338. y =

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
533. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
534. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
535. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
536. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
267. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
268. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
671. Tm TXD
672. Tnh o hm
673. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
674. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
675. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1341. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1342. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1343. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1344. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1345. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1346. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1347. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1348. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1349. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1350. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
537. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
538. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
539. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
540. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
269. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
270. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
676. Tm TXD
677. Tnh o hm
678. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
679. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
680. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1351. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1352. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1353. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1354. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1355. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1356. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1357. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1358. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1359. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1360. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
541. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
542. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
543. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
544. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
271. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
272. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
681. Tm TXD
682. Tnh o hm
683. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
684. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
685. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1361. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1362. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1363. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1364. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1365. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1366. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1367. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1368. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1369. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1370. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
545. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
546. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
547. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
548. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
273. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
274. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
686. Tm TXD
687. Tnh o hm
688. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
689. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
690. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1371. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1372. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1373. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1374. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1375. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1376. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1377. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
1378. y =

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1379. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1380. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
549. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
550. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
551. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
552. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
275. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
276. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
691. Tm TXD
692. Tnh o hm
693. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
694. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
695. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1381.
1382.
1383.
1384.
1385.
1386.
1387.

y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.

y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1389. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1390. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm
1388. y =

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
553. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
554. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
555. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
556. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
277. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
278. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
696. Tm TXD
697. Tnh o hm
698. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
699. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
700. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1391. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1392. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1393. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1394. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1395. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1396. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1397. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1398. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1399. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1400. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
557. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
558. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
559. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
560. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
279. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
280. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
701. Tm TXD
702. Tnh o hm
703. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
704. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
705. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay

trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x 3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2
2 x + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1401. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1402. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1403. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1404. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1405. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1406. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1407. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1408. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1409. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1410. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

 x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
561. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
562. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
563. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
564. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
281. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
282. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0

- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
706. Tm TXD
707. Tnh o hm
708. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
709. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
710. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

x4+m
1. y =
,
x 1

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
2. y =
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

c) x < sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2
PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1411. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1412. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1413. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1414. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1415. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1416. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1417. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )

2 x2 3x + m
1418. y =
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1
mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1419. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1420. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

Bi 6: CMR:

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D
a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
Ch 1:
565. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
566. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
567. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
568. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
283. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
284. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

TNH N IU CA HM S
PHN DY TRN LP
Dng I: Tm khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s
VD1: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 3 3x 2 + 3,

1
1
2. y = x 3 + 3x, 3. y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 3, 4. y = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + 1
3
3

VD2: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1
3
1. y = x 4 2 x 2 + 1, 2. y = x 4 x 2 + 1, 3. y = x 4 6 x 2 + 8 x + 1
4
2

VD3: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

1. y =

2x + 1
x3
ax + b
, 2. y =
y=
x 1
2x + 1
cx + d

VD4: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

3x 2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 3x 1
3 x 2 + 3 x + 2
1. y =
, 2. y =
, 3. y =
x +1
x2
x 1

VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 2 x + 3 , 2. y = x 2 4 + 2 x
VD5: Tm cc khong ng bin nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

1. y = x 2 x 20, 2. y = 3x 2 x 3 , 3. y =

x
10 x

, 4. y = 2 x + x 2 2 x

Ch rng:
lp c bng bin thin ca hm s ta cn:
711. Tm TXD
712. Tnh o hm
713. Tm im m ti o hm bng khng v khng xc nh
714. Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti cc im o hm ko xc nh v ti v cc
715. in cc gi tr vo BBT l OK
Dng 2: Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn R hay
trn mt khong cho trc.
f(x) ng bin trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)>0) x(a,b)
f(x) nghch trn (a,b) f(x) 0 (f(x)<0) x(a,b)
I. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn R.
(Hay gp trong cc hm s bc 3).
VD1: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + mx 2 + 4 x + 3
3
VD2: Tm m hm s sau lun nghch bin trn R.

1
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + (2m + 1) x 3m + 2
3
VD3: Tm m hm s sau ng bin trn R.

y=

m 1 3
x + mx 2 + (3m 2) x + 4
3

II. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn tng khong xc

nh ca n (Hay gp trong cc hm phn thc).
Ch : Loi bi ton ny ta ch nn dng K1 (khng c du =).
VD4: Tm m mi hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

1. y =

x4+m
,
x 1

2. y =

2 x 2 + (1 m) x + 1 + m
xm

VD5: Tm m mi hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n.

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx + 1
1. y =
,
x+m

2 x 2 3 x + m
2. y =
2x + 1

III. Tm Gi tr ca tham s hm s lun ng bin, nghch bin trn khong

Cn ch :
1. Nu tham s m trong o hm ch l bc nht ta c lp m v 1 v
2. Nu tham s m trong o hm l bc 2 ta dng o hm cp 2

1 3
x + (m 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x 4 ng bin trn khong (0;3).
3
mx 2 + 6 x 2
VD7: Tm m hm s y =
nghch bin trn na khong [1;+).
x+2
2 x 2 + (m 1) x + 1 + m
VD8: Tm m hm s y =
ng bin trn na khong (1;+ ).
xm
VD6: Tm m hm s y =

Dng 3: Mt s ng dng:
L1: Nu HS f(x) lun ng bin (hoc lun nb) th s nghim ca PT f(x)=k khng
nhiu hn mt nghim v PT f(x)=f(y) x=y.
L2: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) v Hs y=g(x) lun nb (hoc lun b) trn
(a;b) th PT f(x)=g(x) c khng qu mt nghim.
L3: Nu Hs y=f(x) lun b (hoc lun nb) trn (a;b) th f(x)>f(y) x>y (x<y).
VD1: Gii cc phng trnh sau

3x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 = 4,

1.

2.

5 x 3 1 + 3 2 x 1 + x = 4,

x + 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 + 3 2 x2
2
HD: 1. t f ( x ) = 3 x + 1 + x + 7 x + 2 , x [ ; +) f (1) = 4
7
1
3
3
2. t f ( x ) = 5 x 1 + 2 x 1, g ( x) = 4 x, x 3 f (1) = g (1)
5
3.

3. t u =

x + 1, v = 3 2 x 2 f (u ) = f (v), f (t ) = 3 t 3 + 1 + t

VD2: Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 1 2 y + 1 = x y
1.
2
2
x 12 xy + 9 y + 4 = 0

2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

2. 2 y + 1 = z 3 + z 2 + z
2 z + 1 = x3 + x 2 + x

1
f ( x) = f ( y )
2
f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t f (t ) db. GS : x y z f ( x) f ( y ) f ( z )
2z + 1 2x + 1 2 y + 1 x = y = z

HD: 1. Xt f (t ) = 2t + 1 t , t
2. Xt

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

VD3: Gii cc BPT sau:

1. 3 3 2 x +
3.

5
2 x 6, 2.
2x 1

2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 16 < 2 3 + 4 x

( x + 2)(2 x 1) 3 x + 6 4 ( x + 6)(2 x 1) + 3 x + 2

HD:

1. f ( x) = 3 3 2 x +

5
1
3
, g ( x) = 2 x + 6, < x , f (1) = g (1) = 8
2
2
2x 1

2. f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 16 = 4 x , 2 x 4, f (1) = 2 3
1
3. x BPT ( x + 2 + x + 6)( 2 x 1 3) 4 (*)
2
1
2 x 1 3 0 x 5 (*) T / M
2
x > 5, f ( x) = VT f ( x ) f (7) = 4
VD4: CMR:

a) sinx < x, x > 0. b) sinx < x

c) x

x
, x > 0.
6

x3
x3 x5

< sinx < x + , d ) 2sin x + t anx > 2 x, x (0; )

3!
3! 5!
2

PHN BI TP LUYN
Bi 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

1 4
3
3
x + x3 x + 5
2. y = x 4 2 x3 + x 2 6 x + 11
2
4
2
4
7
1
1
3. y = x3 x5 + 8
4. y = 9 x 7 7 x 6 + x5 + 12 5. y =
5
5
x x2
2 x2 + 3x
3x
x +1
6. y =
7. y = 2
8. y =
9. y = x 2 + 2 x3
2x + 1
x +1
3 x

1. y =

10. y = x + x 2 + 8

11. y = 4 x 2

12. y = x x 2

Bi 2: Tm m mi hm s sau:
1421. y=x+msinx ng bin trn R.
1422. y=x3+(m-1)x2+(m2-4)x+9 ng bin trn R
1423. y=x3-3x2+mx+4 ng bin trn R
1424. y=mx3+2x2-(m+1)x-6 nghch bin trn R
1425. y=mx3-(2m-1)x2+(m-2)x-2 ng bin trn R
1426. y=x3+3x2+(m+1)x+4m nghch bin trn (-1;1)
1427. y=x3-(m+1)x2-(3m+2)x+7 ng bin trn [1;+ )
1428. y =

2 x2 3x + m
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x 1

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

mx 2 (m + 1) x 3
1429. y =
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
x
x 2 2mx + m + 2
1430. y =
ng bin trn khong (1;+ )
xm

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh:

1. 2 3 x + 1
3.

3
= 3 2 x,
2 x

x 2 + 15 + 2 = 3 x + x 2 + 8

2.

x 2 2 x + 2 4 x 2 + 1x + 1

4. x5 + x3 1 3 x + 4 = 0

Bi 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1.

x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35 2 x,

2.

6
8
+
<6
3 x
2 x

Bi 5: Gii h phng trnh:

x3 3x = y 3 3 y
1. 6
6
x + y = 1

y3
x = 6 + sin y

sinx siny=3x-3y
z3

2.
( x, y > 0) 3. y = + sin z

6
x+y=

x3
z = + sin x
6

Bi 6: CMR:

x3

1. sin x > x, x < 0; 2. sin x < x , x < 0; 3. sin x + tan x > 2 x, x 0;
6
2
x2
x2 x4
4. 1 < cos x < 1 + , x 0
2!
2! 4!

Ch : Dng 1+Dng 2.I: tt c cc em phi lm c

Dng2+Dng3 L cc bi ton thi H

Chuyn 2: CC TR CA HM S
Tm tt l thuyt
1. N: Hm f(x) XD trn D, x0 D

a. x0 gi l im cc i ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)<f(x0)

x (a,b)\{x0).
b. x0 gi l im cc tiu ca hm f(x) nu tn ti (a,b) cha x0 sao cho f(x)>f(x0)
x (a,b)\{x0).
c. im cc i, cc tiu x0 gi chung l im cc tr. gi tr f(x0) gi l gi tr cc tr
ca hm s f(x) (gi tr CD, CT).
ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.

Ch 1:
569. x0 l mt im cc tr ca hm f(x) ta ni hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0
570. Gi tr CD, CT ca hm s ni chung ko l GTLN, GTNN (m t th).
571. Hm s f(x) c th t cc tr ti nhiu im.
572. x0 l im cc tr ca hm f(x) th (x0;f(x0) gi l im cc tr ca th hm
f(x).
2. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr.
Ly: Nu hm f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v f(x) c o hm ti x0 th f(x0)=0.
Ch 2:
285. f(x0)=0 nhng hm f(x) c th khng c cc tr ti x0 VD f(x)=x3.
286. Hm s c th t cc tr ti x0 nhng ti hm s khng c o hm VD y=
|x|.
Nh vy: Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti im m ti DH bng 0 hoc khng c DH.
3. iu kin hm c cc tr.
DLY2:
- Nu f(x) i du t dng sang m khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc i x0
- Nu f(x) i du t m sang dng khi x qua x0 ( theo chiu tng) th f(x) t cc tiu x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3
Quy tc 1
VD: f(x)=x+4/x; f(x)= |x-2|; f(x)=1/5 x5-1/3x3+2
DLY2: f(x) c o hm f(x0)=0 v c o hm cp hai f(x0) 0 khi
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
- Nu f(x0)<0 hs t CD ti x0
VD: f(x)=1/3x3-x2-3x+4/3; f(x)=2sin2x x
QT2:
VD: f(x) 1/3x3+2x2+3x+1; f(x)=3=2cosx-cos2x

ng xu h khi khng bit, ch xu h khi khng hc ! Khuyt danh.