H v tn : Nguyn Ngc Tng

Lp: KT31D II
MSSV: D059
Nhm : 1

Bi tp c nhn tun 1
Mn : Lut Mi Trng

62:Nu nhng hiu bit c nhn v nhng ni dung c

bn ca h thng tiu chun ISO 14000.

H Ni, ngy 31/08/2008

Bi lm :
I.
Nhng nt s lc v h thng tiu chun ISO 14000
Hi ngh thng nh v mi trng ca Lin Hp Quc ti Rio de
Janeiro ( 1992), Hi ngh bn trn nm 1993 ti Uruguay ca GATT (tin
thn WTO ); v hng lot cc cc hi ngh quc t v mi trng khc
cho thy bo v mi trng l vn quan trng ton cu, do cn mt
tiu chun ho ton cu v mi trng nhm ngn nga nhim v bi
b hng ro thu quan. Do , thng 1/1993,T chc Tiu chun quc t
(ISO) thnh lp ban k thut TC.2071 xy dng mt b cc tiu
chun v h thng qun l mi trng gi l ISO 14000.
ISO 14000 ra i vi mc ch nhng mc ch sau :
- H tr vic bo v mi trng v kim sot nhim p ng yu cu
ca kinh t x hi
- H tr cc t chc trong vic phng trnh cc nh hng mi trng
pht sinh t hot ng, sn phm hoc dch v ca t chc
- Cung cp c s cho vic ho nhp cc tiu chun hin c , cng nh
tng lai trong lnh vc mi trng, to iu kin cho thng mi
quc t
- H tr vic bo v mi trng cn i vi nhng nhu cu kinh t x
hi2
Tiu chun ISO 1400 c th c p dng cho tt c cc doanh nghip;
cc khu vc: dch v, ngn hang, bo him, khch sn, xut nhp khu,
phn phi, lu kho, vn ti hng ho, khai thc; cc c quan nh trng
hc, cc c quan chnh ph v cc t hp qun s.3
Cc tiu chun ca ISO 14000 c p dng rng ri mt cch t
nguyn ti nhiu nc, rt nhiu doanh nghip, t chc t c tiu
chun ny. Hin nay, Vit Nam mi ch c khong 200 doanh nghip t
c tiu chun ISO 14000, y cn l mt con s qu xa vi vi ch tiu
50% doanh nghip vo nm 2010 v 80% doanh nghip vo nm 2015
ca chnh ph4.
II.
Nhng ni dung c bn ca H thng tiu chun ISO 14000:
H thng qun l mi trng bao gm rt nhiu tiu chun , trong cc
tiu chun chnh c th lit k nh sau :
1. Cc tiu chun v h thng qun l mi trng: ( Environmental
Management System- EMS) l cu trc t chc c quan ( cng ty sn xut )
v kha cnh mi trng, bao gm cc bin php thc hin, qu trnh tin
1

Vit Nam hin nay l thnh vin quan st ca TC.207

Qun l mi trng theo ISO 14000, Khoa bo h lao ng v mi trng- i hc BC Tn c Thng
3
Qun l mi trng theo ISO 14000, Khoa bo h lao ng v mi trng- i hc BC Tn c Thng
4
S liu theo bo co ti Hi ngh Qun l h thng cht lng ton quc ln th 4
2

hnh, s dng ti lc, nhn lc, trch nhim c nhn v t chc nhm thc
thi qun l mi trng5. H thng EMS ny gm 3 vn bn chnh:
ISO14001(EMS- quy cch k thut : phin bn mi nht l ISO
14001:2004. Vo cui nm 2004, 90,569 chng ch c ban hnh tun th
theo tiu chun ISO 14001 cho cc doanh nghip ti 127 quc gia6);ISO
14004(EMS-hng dn chung : hng dn chung v cc nguyn tc h
thng v k thut h tr ) v ISO 14002 (EMS-hng dn i vi cc x
nghip va v nh)
2. Tiu chun v kim ton mi trng: Environmental management
systems auditing ( EA) dng nh gi vic thc hin hp l v duy tr
mt h thng qun l mi trng cng nh xc nh cc lnh vc ci
thin tim tng7. Vi tiu chun mi nht hin nay ISO 19011:2002
khng ch dng li trn m n cn cung cp ch dn v cc nguyn tc
kim nh, qun l cc chng trnh kim nh, thc hin kim nh, v v
trnh ca kim nh vin8. Tiu chun ISO 19011 ra i thay th cho cc
tiu chun ISO 14010, ISO 14011 v ISO 14012.
3. Tiu chun nh gi hiu qu hot ng mi trng :Environmental
performance evaluation (EPE) l cng c gip cho cc doanh nghip c th
t mnh xy dng h thng thm nh hot ng mi trng cho ring mnh,
h thng ny phi bao qut 3 lnh vc :h thng qun l mi trng ca
cng ty, h thng vn hnh n, v tnh trng mi trng b tc ng bi cc
hot ng .9 EPE gm c ISO 14030 v ISO 14031
4. Tiu chun v nhn mi trng v cng b nhn hiu mi trng :
Envitonmental Labels and declarations ( EL) ;l cc tiu chun nh gi
cht lng sn phm (t ISO 14020 n ISO 14024)( m bo li ch ca
ngi tiu dng khi quyt nh mua hng, c ngha trong vic tip th sn
phm i vi doanh nghip) v ISO 14025 l tiu chun cng b nhn hiu
mi trng.
5. Tiu chun nh gi chu trnh sng: Life cycle assessment (LCA)
xc nh v nh gi cc tiu ch mi trung ca sn phm v dch v t khi
ngun lc u vo c phn chia cho ti khi sn phm c hon thnh, c
tnh n cht thi v cc sn phm pht sinh10.(t ISO 14040 n ISO
14043)

Qun l mi trng theo ISO 14000, Khoa bo h lao ng v mi trng- i hc BC Tn c Thng

Gii thiu ISO 14064 (http://www.das.com.vn/index.php?act=view&code=post&cid=33&id=108)
7
Qun l mi trng theo ISO 14000, Khoa bo h lao ng v mi trng- i hc BC Tn c Thng
8
Gii thiu h tiu chun qun l mi trng ( ngun : http://gmtvn.wordpress.com/2007/10/page/12/)
9
Qun l mi trng theo ISO 14000, Khoa bo h lao ng v mi trng- i hc BC Tn c Thng
10
Gii thiu h tiu chun qun l mi trng ( ngun : http://gmtvn.wordpress.com/2007/10/page/12/)
6

6. Ngoi cc tiu chun trn th h thng ISO 14000 cn c mt s cc tiu

chun khc nh ISO 14062 (Design for environment: thit k cho mi
trng11) ,ISO 14063 (Environmental communication : truyn thng v
hiu qu mi trng12) ,ISO 14064( Greenhouse gases bao gm 3 phn
ISO 14064-1: 2006 , ISO 14064-2: 2006 v ISO 14064-2:2006; cung cp
cc cng c nh gi v h tr gim thiu lng kh nh knh v cc kh thi
cng nghip13). u nm 2007, h tiu chun ISO 14000 cn n nhn thnh
vin mi ISO 14065 (quy nh cc yu cu i vi vic cng nhn cho cc
t chc tin hnh xc nhn gi tr s dng hoc kim tra xc nhn lng kh
nh knh thng qua vic p dng ISO 14064 hay cc tiu chun/quy nh
lin quan khc).
III.
nh gi chung v tiu chun ISO 14000
1. Li ch ca tiu chun ISO 14000:
V mt th trng: nng cao uy tn v hnh nh ca doanh nghip vi
khch hng, nng cao nng lc cnh tranh nh nng cao hiu qu kinh t
trong hot ng mi trng, pht trin bn vng nh p ng cc yu cu
ca c quan qun l mi trng v cng ng xung quanh.
V mt kinh t: gim thiu mc s dng ti nguyn v nguyn liu u
vo, gim thiu mc s dng nng lng, nng cao hiu sut cc qu
trnh sn xut v cung cp dch v, gim thiu lng rc thi to ra v chi
ph x l,ti s dng cc ngun lc ti nguyn,trnh cc khon tin pht
v vi phm yu cu php lut v mi trng,gim thiu chi ph ng thu
mi trng,hiu qu s dng nhn lc cao hn nh sc kho c m
bo trong mi trng lm vic an ton,gim thiu cc chi ph v phc li
nhn vin lin quan n cc bnh ngh nghip,gim thiu tn tht kinh t
khi c ri ro v hoc tai nn xy ra.
V mt qun l ri ro: thc hin tt vic phng cc ri ro v hn ch
thit hi do ri ro gy ra, l iu kin gim chi ph bo him, d dng
hn trong lm vic vi bo him v tn tht v bi thng.
To c s cho hot ng chng nhn, cng nhn v tha nhn:c
s m bo ca bn th ba, vt qua ro cn k thut trong thng mi,
c hi cho qung co, qung b.14
2. Hn ch ca tiu chun ISO 14000: ISO 14000 khng a ra cc ch
tiu hot ng mi trng bt buc. N ch yu cu cc cng ty thc hin
tun theo php lut mi trng quc gia.15
11

Gii thiu h tiu chun qun l mi trng ( ngun : http://gmtvn.wordpress.com/2007/10/page/12/

Gii thiu h tiu chun qun l mi trng ( ngun : http://gmtvn.wordpress.com/2007/10/page/12/
13
Gii thiu ISO 14064 (http://www.das.com.vn/index.php?act=view&code=post&cid=33&id=108)
14
Qun l mi trng theo ISO 14000, Khoa bo h lao ng v mi trng- i hc BC Tn c Thng
15
Qun l mi trng theo ISO 14000, Khoa bo h lao ng v mi trng- i hc BC Tn c Thng
12

Danh mc ti liu tham kho:

1. Qun l mi trng theo ISO 14000, Khoa bo h lao ng v mi

trng i hc bn cng Tn c Thng ( Nhm thc hin :

Nguyn Hng Vn, V Th H Anh, Nguyn Vit Dng, Phm
Quang Duy, V Th Thanh Vn, GV hng dn : L Vit Thng)
2. Bo co ti Hi ngh cht lng ton quc ln th 4
3. Cc tiu chun qun l mi trng ISO 14000 v vic thc hin
i vi cc nh xut khu vo th trng pht trin
( http://www.hepa.gov.vn/content/iso.htm )
4. www.en.wikipedia.org
5. www.iso.org
6. www.das.com.vn
7. http://gmtvn.wordpress.com
8. http://www.tcvn.gov.vn
9. www.14000.org
10. http://vsqc.org.vn

Mc lc
I.
Nhng nt s lc v h thng tiu chun ISO 14000
II. Nhng ni dung c bn ca H thng tiu chun ISO 14000
III. nh gi chung v tiu chun ISO 14000
Danh mc ti liu tham kho