(WiFi)

2.4

29 2005

1
2
3

.................................................................................................2
..........................................................................................................3
...............................................................4
3.1
...........................................................4
3.2
................................5
3.3
..........................................................................6
3.4
........................................................................6
4
.................................................................................9
4.1
2,4GHz..............................................................................9
4.2
KAI ...............9
4.2.1
.........................................................10
4.2.2
..................................................................................11
4.2.3
..................................................................................13
4.3
.....................................................................14
4.4
ETSI ................................................................16
4.5
....................................................................................16
4.5.1
..............................................................................................16
4.5.2
.........................................................................................17
4.6
WIFI .........................17
5
................................................................................................18
6
.......................21

29 2005

2

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29 2005

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29 2005

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29 2005

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(RF spectrum).

29 2005

.
(m

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29 2005

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29 2005

4

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(Dr. Eleanor R. Adair, ,
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(
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4.2 KAI


. , 2,4GHz
,
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.

29 2005

4.2.1
4.2.1.1 National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)
O NRPB Health Protection Agency (HPA) [23],

.
2005,


. [25]

,
.

4.2.1.2 International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation

Protection
ICNIRP -
.
14 ,

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[8].

4.2.1.3 Reflex - 2004.

Reflex 4
Verum
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watt , SAR.

,
.

29 2005

10

4.2.1.4 Wiley-Liss Inc

Wiley-Liss Inc
0.2mT,
50Hz,
24 ()
.


hemoblogin. , EGC
. [27]

4.2.2
4.2.2.1
, ,

, SINTEF Unimed
(Norwegian Radiation Protection
Authority)
.
25% , 50%
70% .
,
,
.
30
. , Dr. Gunnhild
Oftedal "
,
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,
,
. , Surrey
,
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4.2.2.2

,
, 50%
.
50% ,
30%
. ,
29 2005

11

. , ,
, Liang Xuanmei, Lanzhou Chinese
& Western Medicine Hospital "
.
,
,
."

4.2.2.3 ustralian Communications Authority & Radiation

Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency
3G
3

(Australian Communications Authority - ACA)

(Radiation Protection and
Nuclear Safety Agency - ARPANSA). ACA, Robert
Horton
3G , ,

. " 3G
.

", . " 3G ,
3 watt ,
,
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3G

.
3G
( GSM CDMA
), .
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, ACA

, ARPANSA.

,

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4.2.2.4 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Lund 2003

900MHz ( ).
29 2005

12

, 3 8
, ,
GSM . ,
,

,

. [26]

4.2.2.5 Birmingham
Bristol,
.
.
, Birmingham,

.

[28].

4.2.3
4.2.3.1 Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
FCC [24],

.
( 2,4GHz)
. ,



.
. [22]

4.2.3.2 World Health Organization

. 7
1948. , ,
.
,
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193,
1993 [21],
,

.

29 2005

13

.
,
[6].

4.2.3.3 National Cancer Institute

National Cancer Institute [4],
40 40.581
1950 1954.


(
2,4GHz).
,
. ,
'
.

,

. , 35%
40
. ,
,

.


.

4.3

,
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)(
FCC (Federal Communications Commission [24])
) ( .
[10])
:
1 10 mW/cm2

24

10 mW/cm2

29 2005

14

1mW/cm2
.
, FCC,

:

Rmin = N 10(G-L)/10 P
4 S

G
P
L
N
S

(gain)

(dB) -

(W/m2)

(W)

(m)

(m)

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.6

10

0.3

0.95

40

0.6

2.0

400

1.9

6.0

1000

3.0

9.5

, ,
WiFi , EIRP 100mW,
0,1Watt 10cm
GSM 1 2 Watt (
), 30cm
40Watt
, 10db, EIRP=400Watt,
6
30000Watt
30


.
0,1Watt,
40Watt, 10cm 6
!
29 2005

15

, 1
10000 10
1000000 .

!

4.4 ETSI
ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute [11]
, -
(standards).
ETSI ETSI EN 300 328 [12]
.
802.11, HomeRF
Bluetooth.
ETSI
,
.

.

4.5
4.5.1

, .
FCC (Federal Communications Commission [24]),
, +36 dBm (4 watt) - (Multi-Point)
, +30 dBm (1 watt)
. Point-to-Point
+36 dBm (30 dB 6 dB ), 3 dB
6 dB 1 dB .
:

+6
+12
+18
+24
+30

dBi
dBi
dBi
dBi
dBi

29 2005

+30
dBm
+28
dBm
+26
dBm
+24
dBm
+22
dBm

16

EIRP(max)

0
2
4
6
8

36
40
44
48
52

dB
dB
dB
dB
dB

dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm

4.5.2
1992 (.2075)
(
[13] ).

.
20 2002 ,

2,4GHz .
, ,
( )
1.
20 dBm (100mW).
2.
ETSI EN 300 328
3.
CE .

895, 16
2002 [14]

4.6 WIFI
2,4GHz
, .
:
: , ,
[15]
Chicago
, chip
[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

WiFi 15
,
EDUnet
. [20]

29 2005

17

5
[1] Geosystems Christopherson
o http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_christopherson_geosystems_5/0,6339,389792main,00.html
[2] World Health Organization (WHO)
o http://www.who.int/peh-emf/about/en/
[3] New York Times
o http://www.nytimes.com
[4] National Cancer Institute
o http://aje.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/155/9/810
[5] Royal Society of Canada
o http://www.rsc.ca/
RSC:
o http://www.rsc.ca//files/publications/expert_panels/RF//expert_panel_radiofre
quency_update2.pdf
o http://www.rsc.ca//files/publications/expert_panels/RF//RFreport-en.pdf
[6] World Health Organization
o http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/statementemf/en/
[7] International Agency for Research Cancer
o http://www.iarc.fr/ENG/Units/RCAd.html
[8] ICNIRP
o http://www.icnirp.net/activities.htm
[9] National Cancer Institute
o http://aje.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/155/9/810
[10]
o Radio Propagation Theory for WiFi.ppt
[11] ETSI
o http://www.etsi.org
[12] ETSI EN 300 328
o http://webapp.etsi.org/action%5COP/OP20041105/en_300328v010601o.pdf
[13]
o http://www.eett.gr/
[14] 11/7 2002 895,
29 2005

18

o http://www.eett.gr/gr_pages/telec/kanonistika_keimena/APOF2002/APOF254
-72FEK.pdf
[15]
o http://www.engadget.com/entry/7684782035846660/
o http://wifinetnews.com/archives/003876.html
o http://www.pdacortex.com/WiFi_Patients.htm
o http://www.ihealthbeat.org/index.cfm?Action=dspItem&itemID=100216
o http://www.proxim.com/about/pressroom/pressrelease/pr2003-07-29.html
o http://www.cio.com/archive/080103/mobile_sidebar_1.html
o http://www.cioinsight.com/article2/0,1397,1170383,00.asp
o http://www.canadait.com/cfm/index.cfm?It=106&Id=18593&Se=2&Lo=2
[16]
o http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20040429-101218-5859r.htm
[17]
o http://www.ihealthbeat.org/index.cfm?Action=dspItem&itemID=100216
[18]
o http://www.enterblog.com/200304270630.php
o http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid7_gci785
343,00.html
o http://www.psusd.us./
o http://www.rm.com/HE/Products/Story.asp?cref=PS95306
[19]
o http://www.wi-fiplanet.com/news/article.php/3087291
[20] EDUnet
o http://www.crm2day.gr/news/106795783272998.shtml
[21] Wireless Devices, Standards, and Microwave Radiation in the Education
Environment - Gary Brown, October, 2000
o http://www.emfacts.com/wlans.html
[22] Suit Alleges Health Risks of Wi-Fi
o http://www.cio.com/archive/021504/tl_lawsuits.html
[23] Health Protection Agency
o http://www.hpa.org.uk/
[24] Federal Communications Commission
o http://www.fcc.gov
[25] National Radiological Protection Board
o http://www.hpa.org.uk/radiation/publications/documents_of_nrpb/pdfs/doc_15
_5.pdf
[26] Lund
29 2005

19

o http://www.applelinks.com/p5/index.php?URL=http://www.elektrosmognews.
de/salfordjan2003.pdf
[27] Wiley-Liss Inc
o http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgibin/abstract/106561095/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1
[28] Birmingham
o http://www.theregister.co.uk/1999/03/01/mobile_phone_cause_memory_loss/

29 2005

20

Is Wi-Fi Bad for Your Health? Paul Swider

The Royal Society of Canada

Wireless Network Access Point (WNAP) Set Up Guide - Appendix B : Health

& Safety - Toronto Wireless Community Network

Connected Home, Rethinking Microsoft, and Wireless Health Issues Paul

Thurrott

ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute

Medlook

Evaluation of the effects of electric and magnetic fields in humans of

National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)

http://www.nrpb.org/

Assessing human exposure to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Radio Frequency Safety

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health fact sheet on EMF

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP)

National Institute for Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) RAPID

Program

29 2005

21

World Health Organization, Electromagnetic fields (WHO EMF Project)

Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF)

Electric and Magnetic Fields, Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation,
Monographs, International Agency for Research on Cancer

Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

How Safe Is Wireless Computer Networking?

Institute of Informatics and Telecommunication

29 2005

22