Professional Documents
Culture Documents
كيف نترجم
كيف نترجم
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This table is out of place.
table ...
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-1 :Lexical Meaning
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linguistic meaning .technical meaning
interpretation commentator
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-2 :Textual Meaning
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. pure " " "
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pure language
pure man
pure mathematics
pure sciences
contain " " " " .
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to contain a crisis
to contain an enemy
to contain feelings
to contain involvement
to contain acts
harsh " " "
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harsh language
harsh words
harsh clothes
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harsh man
pure water
pure gold
pure Egyptian
pure angels
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far-reaching
broad-minded
wide-spread
knowledgeable
patient forbearance
merciful
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to lower pause / muffle
to devalue currency
to moderate interest rate
to curtail government spending
to curb inflation
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-3 :Contextual Meaning
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?How to steal a bank
. to steal
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. " ." to rob
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?How to rob a bank
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semantic equivalent
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My father is a teacher
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" ! Everything is translatable and nothing is
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untranslatability SL
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boy friend girl friend
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porridge pork dinner-jacket
pullover sari kimono .
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transliteration
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the period during which a divorced or widowed woman cannot be married (according
to Islam).
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Denys Davies:
And Hajj Abdul Samad said: I'll divorce my wife if Zein hasn't got himself married
and a real proper marriage it is too.
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His "Lila" this time was a young girl from among the Bedouin.
Lila
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Newmark "
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Idioms
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"An idiom is a fixed group of words with a special meaning which is different from
the meanings of the individual words".
. similes metaphors
proverbs and sayings jargon
.slang and colloquialisms .
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When you get a shame, away go from eyes
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When the ass kicks, never tell
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Empty hands lead to / cause sadness
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A light purse makes heavy heart
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: "."yuppie
: ( Indian summer
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to take the gloves off
to rain cats and dogs
to pay through the nose
to bring (one's) heart into his mouth
to take the cake
(
to smell a rat
to have no stomach
to lose (one's) temper
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to be in advance
to move heaven and earth
behind one's back
to clear the air
strike while the iron is hot
a chip off the old block
to give one his head
diamonds cut diamonds
out of sight, out of mind
always has been, always will be
if you want a thing well done, do it yourself
divide and rule
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Abbreviations
abbreviations acronyms
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" word compound
noun phrase
" . " "g " "gram 25 " :
."g " "BBC " ."British Broadcasting Corporation
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" "cont. " "contd. "."continued
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m= meter
p.= page
F= Fahrenheit
N= North
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continued
usually
volume
British
Honorable
=cont.
=usu.
=vol.
=Brit.
=Hon.
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Thurs.= Thursday
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asst.= assistant
dept.= department
=jct
junction
=km
kilometer
tbsp.= tablespoonful
=Sgt
sergeant
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Member of Parliament
CD
compact disc
HRH His/Her Royal Highness
USA United States of America
VIP very important person
rmp revolutions per minute
MP
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The structural imbalances of world economy, the inequities of per capita income
against GNP and GDP, the inadequacies of economic machinery and the deficiencies
of economic laws are mainly attributed to narrow-minded policies in some countries.
GNP GDP .
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Compound Nouns
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nouns : verbs adjectives .adverbs
compound nouns affixes
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"A compound noun is a noun plus noun (N+N) combination, in which the second
element is the head (H) of construction and the first element is a kind of modifier
(M)".
modifier
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: Adjective:
fierce dog
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: Adverb:
the dog barked loudly
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: Phrase:
the dog with a long tail
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-1 :two words
post office
Health Care
-2 :hyphenated word
attention-getter
-3 :one word
mailman
postman
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meaning-relationship
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shoe polish
forest fire
armchair
moonlight
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race horse
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horse race
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pocket watch
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watch pocket
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" ." adjective plus noun
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Rule "
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"Any adjective plus noun construction is potentially ambiguous".
" the-ing form
are hunting dogs . :
are hunting .
noun .adjective :
English Teacher
English :
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dark room
dark :
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Black board
black :
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football game
basketball playground
Punctuations
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He entered the room expecting to find his guest, but found - an empty room.
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While feeling his way in the dark, thunderbolts fell unceasingly over his head.
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It is indeed hard to overestimate the value of language in communication but it is
even harder to overestimate its value in thinking. Language is tied to the very process
of thought.
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The OAU conference recommended that domestic investment should be enhanced and
that tourism and other hard currency resources should be promoted, particularly as
capital inflows into the continent are diminishing; limiting its capacity to
industrialize.
diminishing "
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Several countries in the Sahel, after the stimulus of earlier years provided by a
gradual recovery from the long drought and by parallel diversification efforts,
suffered a significant setback in 1978 because of renewed drought conditions.
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1791
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Nervously, they await the supreme accolade: a visit from the patron of the London
Gardens Scheme.
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Some countries are chronically mismanaged; wrong government policies would
destroy the-then vigorous nation
Style
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The Government and People of Kuwait
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Heart is governed and directed by passion
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In his speech on the state of security in the Gulf, the American Secretary of Defence
declared
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Since it took its course, the Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
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Convinced that something was wrong, the director decided to investigate the matter
further.
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In his speech delivered yesterday, the President stressed the need to
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In his small-sized book, the author touched on the rules of translation.
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" "and " "or .
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Ahmed bought books, pens, cards and notebooks.
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auxiliary main verb .
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The clouds have soon faded away.
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.by
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The notes were written by the committee.
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English is spoken all over the world.
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The law was twice amended.
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-1 " " against .
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We will fight against the enemy.
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The parents should vaccinate their children against cholera.
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The judgment was against him.
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-2 cover .
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KUNA correspondent covered the news of the Yemeni war.
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-3 reach .
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The Egyptian Minister of Information reached Kuwait yesterday evening.
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" "reach . " "
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-4 via :
via means of communication
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I sent a message to him via Ahmed.
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