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Hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis B
Majority of patients resolve this acute infection and develop longlasting immunity. Treatment should be aimed at preventing chronic HBV, transmission to others, and other long term complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because the majority of patients with acute HBV resolve this infection spontaneously, treatment with an oral anti-HBV agent is not necessary. However, the use of an oral anti-HBV agent is not unreasonable to use in a patient who is developing acute liver failure from severe acute HBV Preventing acute HBV with vaccination is the best treatment. Universal vaccination is now administered to newborns in many countries
Infants and young children are at the greatest risk for becoming chronically infected if exposed to the hepatitis B virus. 90% of exposed infants will develop chronic infections. 30 - 50% of exposed children will develop chronic infections. 10% of exposed adults will develop chronic infections. To stop the further spread of this disease, vigilant screening of high-risk groups and compliance with universal vaccination recommendations is essential. There is a simple blood test and a safe vaccine for hepatitis B
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Treatment is normally considered only in cases of progression of acute infection to chronic HBV The nucleoside analogues lamivudine, entecavir, and telbivudine, The nucleotide analogues adefovir and tenofovir,
Nano-vaccine
A novel, needle-less method for getting an immunity-stimulating agent into the body The vaccine is based on a super-fine emulsion of oil, water and surfactants placed in the nose.