Vmware Server User'S Guide

VMware Server Users Guide
VMware Server 2.0
VMware Server Users Guide Item: EN-000057-00
You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at: http://www.vmware.com/support/ The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates. If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to: docfeedback@vmware.com
2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Protected by one or more U.S. Patent Nos. 6,397,242, 6,496,847, 6,704,925, 6,711,672, 6,725,289, 6,735,601, 6,785,886, 6,789,156, 6,795,966, 6,880,022, 6,944,699, 6,961,806, 6,961,941, 7,069,413, 7,082,598, 7,089,377, 7,111,086, 7,111,145, 7,117,481, 7,149,843, 7,155,558, 7,222,221, 7,260,815, 7,260,820, 7,269,683, 7,275,136, 7,277,998, 7,277,999, 7,278,030, 7,281,102, 7,290,253, 7,356,679, 7,409,487, 7,412,492, 7,412,702, and 7,424,710; patents pending. VMware, the VMware boxes logo and design, Virtual SMP, and VMotion are registered trademarks or trademarks of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.
VMware, Inc. 3401 Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94304 www.vmware.com

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Contents
AboutThisBook
13
RevisionHistory 13 IntendedAudience 13 DocumentFeedback 14 TechnicalSupportandEducationResources 14 OnlineandTelephoneSupport 14 SupportOfferings 14 VMwareProfessionalServices 14 ReportingProblems 15 LogFiles 16
1 IntroductionandSystemRequirements 19
VMwareServerProductBenefits 19 NewFeaturesofVMwareServer2.0 20 WebBasedInterface 20 VMwareRemoteConsole 21 IncreasedMemorySupport 21 IncreaseinNumberofNetworkAdaptersSupported 21 QuiescedBackupsofVirtualMachinesonWindows 21 SupportforHighSpeedUSB2.0Devices 21 AdditionalHostOperatingSystemSupport 22 AdditionalGuestOperatingSystemSupport 22 Improved64BitGuestSupport 22 64BitSoundDriver 22 Native64BitHostSupportonLinux 22 UpdatedVIXAPI 23 VMCISocketsInterface 23 AbouttheHostandGuestComputers 23 HostSystemRequirements 23 PCHardware 23 Memory 24 DiskDrives 24 LocalAreaNetworking 25
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WindowsHostOperatingSystems 25 LinuxHostOperatingSystemRequirements 26 VIWebAccessandVMwareRemoteConsoleClientSystemRequirements 27 VirtualMachineSpecifications 28 Processor 28 ChipSet 28 BIOS 28 Memory 29 Graphics 29 IDEDrives 29 SCSIDevices 29 PCISlots 29 FloppyDrives 30 Serial(COM)Ports 30 Parallel(LPT)Ports 30 USBPorts 30 Keyboard 30 MouseandDrawingTablets 30 EthernetCard 30 VirtualNetworking 31 Sound 31 SupportedGuestOperatingSystems 31 ProcessorSupportfor64BitGuestOperatingSystems 33
2 InstallingVMwareServer 35
InstallationPrerequisites 35 PreparingtoInstallVMwareServer 36 SharingaVMwareServerHostwithOtherVMwareProducts 36 InstallingVMwareServeronaWindowsHost 37 InstallingVMwareServerSilently 39 UninstallingVMwareServeronaWindowsHost 41 InstallingVMwareServeronaLinuxHost 41 ConfiguringVMwareServeronaLinuxHostUsingvmwareconfig.pl 42 UninstallingVMwareServeronaLinuxHost 43 UninstallingatarInstallationofVMwareServer 43 UninstallinganRPMInstallationofVMwareServer 44 UpgradingfromVMwareServer1 44 WheretoGoNext 45
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Contents
3 LearningVMwareServerBasics:UsingVIWebAccess 47
OverviewofVIWebAccess 48 UsingtheVMwareServerHostWorkspace 49 UsingtheVirtualMachineWorkspace 50 ViewingVirtualMachineSummaryInformation 51 InstallingtheVMwareRemoteConsoleAddOn 52 StartingVMwareRemoteConsolefromtheConsoleTab 53 UsingVIWebAccessMenuOptions 54 ApplicationMenu 54 VirtualMachineMenu 55 AdministrationMenu 56 ViewingVMwareServerandVirtualMachineTasks 56 ViewingVMwareServerandVirtualMachineEvents 57 LoggingOut 57
4 CreatingandUpgradingVirtualMachines 59
BeforeYouCreateaVirtualMachine 59 VirtualMachineLocation 59 GuestOperatingSystem 60 ProductCompatibility(VirtualMachineHardwareVersion) AmountofMemory 61 NumberofProcessors 62 HardDiskTypeandProperties 62 NetworkConnectionType 64 UsingtheNewVirtualMachineWizard 65 InstallingtheGuestOperatingSystem 68 UpdatingtheGuestOperatingSystem 71 UpgradingtheVirtualMachineVersion 72
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5 InstallingandUsingVMwareTools 73
ComponentsofVMwareTools 73 VMwareToolsService 74 VMwareDeviceDrivers 74 VMwareUserProcess 75 VMwareToolsControlPanel 75 ManuallyInstallingVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuestSystem 76 ConfiguringtheVideoDriveronOlderVersionsofWindows 77 InstallingVMwareToolsinaLinuxGuestSystem 80 InstallingVMwareToolsinaSolarisGuestSystem 84 InstallingVMwareToolsinaFreeBSDGuestSystem 86
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InstallingVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuestSystem 88 StartingtheVMwareUserProcessManuallyIfYouDoNotUseaSession ManageronUNIX 89 UpdatingVMwareTools 90 UninstallingVMwareTools 91 RepairingorChangingVMwareTools 91 UsingtheVMwareToolsControlPanel 91 UsingtheWindowsControlPaneltoDisplaytheTaskbarIcon 92 OptionsTab 93 DevicesTab 94 ScriptsTab 94 SharedFoldersTab 95 ShrinkTab 95 AboutTab 95 ConfiguringVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuest 96 CustomizingVMwareTools 97 HowVMwareToolsScriptsAffectPowerStates 97 ExecutingCommandsAfterYouPowerOfforResetaVirtualMachine 101 PassingaStringfromtheHosttotheGuestatStartup 101 PassingInformationBetweentheGuestandAnotherProgram 104 UsingtheVMwareToolsCommandLineInterface 104
6 ManagingVMwareServer 107
AddingaVirtualMachinetotheInventory 108 RemovingaVirtualMachinefromtheInventory 108 PerformingPowerOperationsonVirtualMachines 109 ManagingDatastores 110 AddingDatastores 110 RenamingDatastores 111 RemovingDatastores 112 RefreshingDatastores 112 EditingHostWideMemoryandSnapshotSettings 113 ConfiguringHostMemory 113 EnablingandDisablingBackgroundSnapshots 115 ConfiguringVirtualMachineStartupandShutdownSettings 115 EnablingSystemWideStartupandShutdownSettings 116 SpecifyingtheStartupandShutdownOrderforVirtualMachines 117 CustomizingtheStartupandShutdownSettingsforIndividualVirtual Machines 117 EnablingQuiescedBackupsofVirtualMachinesonWindows 118
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Contents
7 RunningVirtualMachines 121
RunningVMwareTools 122 ChangingthePowerStateofaVirtualMachine 122 ChangingVirtualMachineSnapshotSettings 126 LockingtheSnapshot 126 SettingSnapshotPowerOffOptions 127 ChangingVirtualMachineAdvancedSettings 127 DeletingaVirtualMachine 130 UsingVMwareRemoteConsole 130 InteractingwiththeGuestOperatingSystem 131 EnteringandLeavingFullScreenMode 131 ConnectingandDisconnectingClientDevices 132 ResettingandPoweringOff 132 ViewingtheMessageLog 133 QuittingVMwareRemoteConsole 133 GeneratingandSharingVirtualMachineShortcuts 133 GeneratingaWebShortcut 133 GeneratingaVMwareRemoteConsoleDesktopShortcut 134 EditingNotesintheVirtualMachineSummaryTab 135 EditingtheHardwareConfigurationofaVirtualMachine 135 AddingHardwaretoaVirtualMachine 137 InstallingNewSoftwareinaVirtualMachine 138
8 ConfiguringVirtualMachineHardware 141
ConfiguringHardDisks 141 HardDiskTypesandProperties 142 AddingaHardDisktoaVirtualMachine 144 EditingaVirtualHardDisk 145 RemovingaHardDiskfromaVirtualMachine 146 VirtualDiskMaintenanceTasks 147 ConfiguringCD/DVDDrives 150 CD/DVDDriveTypeandProperties 150 AddingaCD/DVDDrivetoaVirtualMachine 151 EditingaVirtualCD/DVDDrive 152 RemovingaCD/DVDDrivefromaVirtualMachine 153 ConfiguringFloppyDrives 154 AddingaFloppyDrivetoaVirtualMachine 154 EditingaVirtualFloppyDrive 155 RemovingaFloppyDrivefromaVirtualMachine 156
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ConfiguringPassthrough(Generic)SCSIDevices 156 AddingaPassthrough(Generic)SCSIDevicetoaVirtualMachine 157 EditingaVirtualPassthrough(Generic)SCSIDevice 158 RemovingaPassthrough(Generic)SCSIDevicefromaVirtualMachine 158 ConfiguringSCSIControllers 159 ConfiguringUSBControllersandDevices 159 AddingaUSBControllertoaVirtualMachine 159 RemovingaUSBControllerfromaVirtualMachine 160 ConnectingUSBDevices 160 UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachine 161 DisconnectingUSBDevicesfromaVirtualMachine 164 ConfiguringSound 164 AddingaSoundAdaptertoaVirtualMachine 165 EditingaVirtualSoundAdapter 165 RemovingaSoundAdapterfromaVirtualMachine 166 ConfiguringSerialPorts 166 AddingaSerialPorttoaVirtualMachine 166 EditingaVirtualSerialPort 169 RemovingaSerialPortfromaVirtualMachine 170 SerialPortGeneralUsageExamples 170 SerialPortDebuggingUsageExamples 174 ConfiguringParallelPorts 177 AddingaParallelPorttoaVirtualMachine 177 EditingaVirtualParallelPort 178 RemovingaParallelPortfromaVirtualMachine 179 UsingParallelPorts 179 ConfiguringaParallelPortonaWindowsHost 179 ConfiguringaParallelPortonaLinuxHost 180 NotesforUsingtheIomegaZipDrive 184 KeyboardMappingonLinuxHosts 184
9 PreservingtheStateofaVirtualMachine 193
SuspendingandResumingVirtualMachines 193 ConfiguringHardSuspendorSoftSuspend 194 SuspendingorResumingaVirtualMachine 195 UsingSnapshots 195 WhattoUseSnapshotsFor 195 WhatIsCapturedbyaSnapshot 196 ActivitiesThatConflictwithSnapshots 196 EnablingandDisablingBackgroundSnapshotsforAllVirtualMachines 197 SnapshotsandaVirtualMachinesHardDisks 197
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Contents
ExcludingVirtualDisksfromSnapshots 198 TakingaSnapshot 198 RevertingtoaSnapshot 199 RemovingaSnapshot 199 LockingaSnapshot 199
10 ManagingRolesandPermissions 201
AccessElements 201 ManagingUsers 203 ManagingGroups 203 ManagingRoles 203 CreatingRoles 204 EditingandRenamingRoles 205 RemovingRoles 205 ManagingPermissions 206 CreatingPermissions 206 EditingPermissions 207 RemovingPermissions 208 RulesforPermissionPropagation 208
11 ConfiguringaVirtualNetwork 211
NetworkBasics 212 ComponentsoftheVirtualNetwork 213 VirtualNetworkSwitch 213 InternalDHCPServer 214 VirtualNetworkAdapter 214 HostVirtualAdapter 214 CommonNetworkingConfigurations 215 BridgedNetworking 215 NetworkAddressTranslation(NAT) 216 HostOnlyNetworking 218 ExampleCustomNetworkingConfiguration 219 ChangingtheNetworkingConfiguration 222 RefreshingtheNetwork 223 AddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtualMachine 223 EditingaVirtualNetworkAdapter 224 RemovingaNetworkAdapterfromaVirtualMachine 225 ConfiguringBridgedNetworkingOptionsonaWindowsHost 225 Enabling,Disabling,Adding,andRemovingHostVirtualAdapters 227
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AdvancedNetworkingTopics 230 SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfiguration 230 AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetwork 232 MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachine 234 ControllingRoutingforaHostOnlyNetworkonaLinuxHost 235 PotentialIssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonaLinuxHost 236 SettingUpaSecondBridgedNetworkInterfaceonaLinuxHost 237 ConfiguringBridgedNetworkingWhenUsingTeamedNetworkInterface Cards 238 SettingUpTwoSeparateHostOnlyNetworks 240 RoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworks 243 UsingVirtualNetworkAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHost 247 UnderstandingNAT 248 UsingNAT 248 TheHostComputerandtheNATNetwork 249 DHCPontheNATNetwork 249 DNSontheNATNetwork 249 ExternalAccessfromtheNATNetwork 250 AdvancedNATConfiguration 251 CustomNATandDHCPConfigurationonaWindowsHost 254 ConsiderationsforUsingNAT 255 UsingNATwithNetLogon 255 SampleLinuxvmnetnat.confFile 257 UsingSambaforFileSharingonaLinuxHost 258 UsingtheVirtualNetworkEditor 267 SummaryTab 267 AutomaticBridgingTab 268 HostVirtualNetworkMappingTab 268 HostVirtualAdaptersTab 269 DHCPTab 269 NATTab 270
12 PerformanceTuningforVMwareServer 273
ConfiguringandMaintainingtheHostSystem 273 DefragmentingHardDisks 274 MaintainingAdequateFreeDiskSpace 274 EnablingDiskWriteCachingonWindowsHosts 274 ConfiguringSwapSpaceonLinuxHosts 274 IncreasingNICInterruptCoalescing 275
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Contents
CalculatingMemoryRequirementstoAllowforVirtualMachine Overhead 275 ConfiguringHostWideVirtualMachineMemoryUsage 275 AllocatingMemorytoaVirtualMachine 277 EditingVirtualMachineMemory 277 UsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing 278 EditingVirtualProcessors 279 ConfiguringandMaintainingGuestOperatingSystems 279 InstallingLinuxGuestOperatingSystemsinTextMode 279 SelectingtheCorrectGuestOperatingSystem 279 InstallingVMwareTools 280 TemporarilyDisablingAccelerationintheGuestOperatingSystem 280 AvoidingRemoteDiskAccess 280 ManagingSnapshotsandVirtualDisks 280 DisablingDebuggingMode 281 DisablingCD/DVDDrivePolling 281 DisablingFadeEffectsinWindows2000,WindowsXP,andWindowsServer 2003 282 DisablingVisualEffectsinWindows98 282 ConfiguringSwapFileUsageinWindows95andWindows98 282 EnablingHardwareAccelerationinWindowsServer2003 282 ConfiguringDirectMemoryAccess(DMA)DiskSettings 283 UsingDMAinWindowsNTGuestsonMultiprocessorHostSystems 284 MonitoringVirtualMachinePerformanceonWindowsHosts 284
13 ConfiguringClusteringonWindowsHosts 287
OverviewofClusteringwithVMwareServer 287 ClusteringSoftwareRequirements 288 ApplicationsThatCanUseClustering 288 UsingSCSIReservationtoShareVirtualSCSIDisks 288 SCSIReservationPrerequisitesandRestrictions 289 EnablingSCSIReservation 289 CreatingaClusterinaBox 291 ConfiguringVirtualMachinesforClusterinaBox 292 CreatingaTwoNodeClusterwithMicrosoftClusteringServices 293
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A DefinedPrivileges 299
Alarms 300 Datacenter 301 Datastore 301 Extensions 302 Folders 303 Global 303 HostCIM 305 HostConfiguration 306 HostInventory 308 HostLocalOperations 309 Network 310 Performance 310 Permissions 311 Resource 311 ScheduledTask 313 Sessions 313 Tasks 314 VirtualMachineConfiguration 314 VirtualMachineInteraction 317 VirtualMachineInventory 319 VirtualMachineProvisioning 319 VirtualMachineState 321
B FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachine 323
FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachine 323
Glossary
327
Index 335
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About This Book
TheVMwareServerUsersGuideprovidesinformationaboutinstallingandusing VMwareServer2.
Revision History
Thismanualisrevisedwitheachreleaseoftheproductorwhennecessary.Arevised versioncancontainminorormajorchanges.Table 1summarizesthesignificant changesineachversionofthismanual. Table 1. Revision History
Revision 20080828 Description FirstversionoftheVMwareServer2.0documentation.
Toviewthemostcurrentversionofthemanual,seetheVMwareWebsite: http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/server_pubs.html
Intended Audience
Thisbookisintendedforanyonewhoneedstoinstall,upgrade,configure,oruse VMwareServer.VMwareServeruserstypicallyworkinsmallandmediumsized businesses,doingsoftwaredevelopmentandtestingorworkingwithmultiple operatingsystemsorcomputingenvironments.Usersincludesoftwaredevelopers,QA engineers,trainers,salespeoplewhorundemos,andanyonewhowantstocreate virtualmachines.
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Document Feedback
VMwarewelcomesyoursuggestionsforimprovingourdocumentation.Ifyouhave comments,sendyourfeedbackto: docfeedback@vmware.com
Technical Support and Education Resources

Thefollowingsectionsdescribethetechnicalsupportresourcesavailabletoyou.To accessthemostcurrentversionofthisbookandotherbooks,goto: http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs
Online and Telephone Support

Useonlinesupporttosubmittechnicalsupportrequests,viewyourproductand contractinformation,andregisteryourproducts.Goto: http://www.vmware.com/support Customerswithappropriatesupportcontractsshouldusetelephonesupportforthe fastestresponseonpriority1issues.Goto: http://www.vmware.com/support/phone_support.html
Support Offerings
FindouthowVMwaresupportofferingscanhelpmeetyourbusinessneeds.Goto: http://www.vmware.com/support/services
VMware Professional Services

VMwareEducationServicescoursesofferextensivehandsonlabs,casestudy examples,andcoursematerialsdesignedtobeusedasonthejobreferencetools. Coursesareavailableonsite,intheclassroom,andliveonline.Foronsitepilotprograms andimplementationbestpractices,VMwareConsultingServiceshelpsyouassess, plan,build,andmanageyourvirtualenvironment.Toaccessinformationabout educationclasses,certificationprograms,andconsultingservices,goto: http://www.vmware.com/services
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About This Book
Reporting Problems
IfyouhaveproblemswhilerunningVMwareServer,reportthemtotheVMware supportteam.Youmustfirstregisteryourserialnumber.Thenyoucanreportyour problemsbysubmittingasupportrequestto: http://www.vmware.com/requestsupport Logfilesareneededtodiagnoseandreportproblems.Therequiredlogfilesdependon theproblemyouencounter. Youcansimplifytheprocessofcollectingtheinformationbyrunningthesupportscript tocollectthelogfilesandsysteminformation.Followtheprocedurethatappliesto yourhostcomputer. NOTEThesupportscriptrunsonlyontheVMwareServerhost.Ifyouencounter problemsonaremoteclient,youmustcollectthelogfilesmanually. To run the support script on a Linux host 1 2 Openaterminalwindow. Runthesupportscriptastherootuser:
vm-support
Ifyoudonotrunthescriptasroot,thescriptdisplaysmessagesindicatingthatit cannotcollectsomeinformation.Thisisnormal.IftheVMwaresupportteam needsthatinformation,asupportrepresentativemightaskyoutorunthescript again,asroot. Thescriptcreatesacompressed.tgzfileinthecurrentdirectory. 3 Includetheoutputfilewithyoursupportrequest. Ifyourvirtualmachinesareinstalledinanonstandardlocation,thescriptmight notpickupalltherequireddata.Makesurethatthe*.log and*.vmxfilesfrom yourvirtualmachinefoldersareincludedwiththefilesyousend.
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To run the support script on a Windows host 1 2 Openacommandprompt. ChangetotheVMwareServerprogramdirectory.Thedefaultdirectoryis:

C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Server
Runthesupportscript:
cscript vm-support.vbs
Afterthescriptruns,itdisplaysthenameandlocationofthezippedoutput.
Log Files
ThefollowinglogfilesaregeneratedbyVMwareServerandcollectedbythesupport script.
Virtual Machine Log File

Ifavirtualmachineexitsabnormallyorcrashes,runthesupportscriptorsavethe virtualmachinelogfilesbeforeyourestartthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinelogfilesarelocatedinthesamedirectoryasthevirtualmachine configuration(.vmx)file.IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummary tab,clickConfigureVM.ThepathtotheconfigurationfileisshownintheGeneraltab. OnWindowsandLinuxhosts,thefilesarenamedvmware-<n>.log. Alsosaveanydump(Windows)orcore(Linux)files.
VMware Host Agent Log File

TheVMwareHostAgentwritesinformationtologfiles. OnaWindowsandLinuxhosts,thefilesarenamedhostd-<n>.log. OnWindowshosts,thefilesarelocatedinthedirectory
<%ALLUSERSPROFILE%>\VMware\VMware Server.
Forexample:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Server
OnLinuxhostsystems,thefilesarelocatedinthedirectory/var/log/vmware.
VMware Authorization Service Log File

YoucanmanuallyenableloggingfortheVMwareAuthorizationService,named vmware-authdonLinuxhosts.
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About This Book
To enable logging for the VMware Authorization Service 1 Inatexteditor,editthefollowingfile:

Windowsconfig.ini,locatedinthedirectory <%ALLUSERSPROFILE%>\VMware\VMware Server Forexample:

C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Server
Linux/etc/vmware/config
Addthefollowinglinestotheconfigurationfile:
vmauthd.logEnabled = TRUE log.vmauthdFileName = "vmauthd.log" pref.hardLimitDebug = 2
Toenablelogging:
OnaWindowshost,selectStart>AdministrativeTools>Services,rightclick VMwareAuthorizationService,andselectRestart. OnaLinuxhost,thelogfileisenabledwhenyousaveandclosethe configurationfile.
OnWindowshosts,thevmauthd.logfileiscreatedinC:\Windows\system32or C:\WINNT\system32. OnLinuxhosts,thevmauthd.logfileiscreatedin/var/log/vmware.
VI Web Access Log Files

OnWindowshosts,TomcatWebserverlogfilesarelocatedinthedirectory <%ALLUSERSPROFILE%>\VMware\tomcat-logs. Forexample:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\tomcat-logs
OnLinuxhosts,logfilesarelocatedinthedirectory/var/log/vmware/WebAccess.
VMware Remote Console Log Files

OnWindowsclients,theVMwareRemoteConsolelogfilesarenamed vmware-<username>-<nnnn>.log,locatedinthedirectory %TEMP%\vmware-<username>. OnLinuxclients,theVMwareRemoteConsolelogfilesarenamedvmrc-<nnnn>.log and<nnnn>.log,locatedinthedirectory/tmp/vmware-<username>.
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Introduction and System Requirements
ThischapterdescribesthekeyproductfeaturesandbenefitsofusingVMwareServer. ItalsodescribesthesystemrequirementsforoperatingVMwareServer.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics:

VMwareServerProductBenefitsonpage 19 NewFeaturesofVMwareServer2.0onpage 20 HostSystemRequirementsonpage 23 VIWebAccessandVMwareRemoteConsoleClientSystemRequirementson page 27 VirtualMachineSpecificationsonpage 28 SupportedGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 31

VMware Server Product Benefits

VMwareServerisafreevirtualizationproductforMicrosoftWindowsandLinux servers.Itenablesyoutoquicklyprovisionnewservercapacitybypartitioninga physicalserverintomultiplevirtualmachines.YoucanuseVMwareServerto provisionawidevarietyofplugandplayvirtualappliancesforcommonlyused infrastructure. VMwareServersupportsthefollowinghardwareandsoftware:

Anystandardx86compatibleorx8664compatiblepersonalcomputer AwidevarietyofWindows,Linux,Solaris,andotherguestoperatingsystems, including64bitoperatingsystems
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TwowayVirtual SMP IntelVirtualizationTechnology(IntelVT) AMDVirtualization(AMTV)
WithVMwareServer,youcandothefollowing:
Provisionanewserverwithoutpurchasingmorehardwarebylocatingmultiple virtualmachinesonthesamehost. RunWindows,Linux,andotheroperatingsystemsandapplicationswithout softwareconflictsbecausevirtualmachinesarecompletelyisolatedfromone anotherandfromthephysicalhost. Movevirtualmachinesfromonephysicalhosttoanotherwithouthavingto reconfigurethem.
New Features of VMware Server 2.0

ThissectionprovidesinformationaboutkeynewfeaturesofVMwareServer2.0.
Web-Based Interface
UseVMwareInfrastructureWebAccess(VIWebAccess)toperformhostandvirtual machineconfigurationforVMwareServer2.0.Thisintuitivewebbasedinterface providesasimpleandflexibletoolforvirtualmachinemanagement.Using VI Web Access,youcandothefollowing:

Create,configure,anddeletevirtualmachines Addandremovevirtualmachinesfromtheinventory Performpoweroperations(start,stop,reset,suspend,andresume)onvirtual machines Monitortheoperationofvirtualmachines GenerateaWebshortcuttocustomizetheVI WebAccessuserinterfaceforusers, withtheoptiontolimittheirviewtotheconsoleorasinglevirtualmachine GenerateaVMwareRemoteConsoledesktopshortcutthatallowsvirtualmachine userstointeractdirectlywiththeguestoperatingsystemoutsideofaWebbrowser ConfigurehostwideVMwareServersettings

VI WebAccessandVMwareRemoteConsolereplacetheVMwareManagement InterfaceandVMwareServerConsole.SeeChapter 3,LearningVMwareServer Basics:UsingVIWebAccess,onpage 47.

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Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
VMware Remote Console

VMwareRemoteConsoleenablesyoutointeractwiththeguestoperatingsystem runninginavirtualmachine. YoucanrunVMwareRemoteConsoleonthehostoraremoteclientsystem.Afteryou installitasaWebbrowseraddonfromVI Web Access,VMware Remote Consolecan runindependentlyfromVI Web Access. VMware Remote ConsolealsoallowsyoutoconnectanddisconnectclientCD/DVD andfloppydevices. SeeUsingVMwareRemoteConsoleonpage 130.
Increased Memory Support

Themaximumamountofmemorythatcanbeallocatedpervirtualmachineis increasedfrom3.6GBto8GB.Theamountofmemorythatcanbeusedbyallvirtual machinescombinedislimitedonlybytheamountofmemoryonthehostcomputer.
Increase in Number of Network Adapters Supported

Youcannowhaveatotalof10networkadaptersforavirtualmachine.
Quiesced Backups of Virtual Machines on Windows

OnWindowshosts,youcanenabletheVMwareVSSWriter,whichusessnapshotsto maintainthedataintegrityofapplicationsrunninginsidethevirtualmachinewhen youtakebackups.SeeEnablingQuiescedBackupsofVirtualMachinesonWindows onpage 118.
Support for High-Speed USB 2.0 Devices

IftheguestoperatingsystemhastheappropriateUSB2.0devicedrivers,youcanuse peripheralsthatrequirehighspeedperformance,suchasspeakers,webcams, nextgenerationprintersandscanners,faststoragedevices,MP3players,DVDRW drives,andhighcapacityCDROMjukeboxes.YoucanalsoconnecttoUSB1.1devices. SeeConfiguringUSBControllersandDevicesonpage 159. USB2.0supportisavailableonlyforVMwareproductsthatsupportvirtualmachine hardwareversions6and7,suchasVMwareServer2andWorkstation6.ForUSB2.0 support,yourhostmachinemustalsosupportUSB2.0.
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Additional Host Operating System Support

Newlysupportedhostoperatingsystemsincludethefollowing:

WindowsServer2008StandardEditionandEnterpriseEdition RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.5,5.0,and5.1 UbuntuLinux6.10Edgy,7.04Fiesty,7.10Gutsy,and8.04Hardy SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10,10SP1,and10.1
Forafulllistofsupported32bitand64bithostoperatingsystems,seeHostSystem Requirementsonpage 23.
Additional Guest Operating System Support

Newlysupportedguestoperatingsystemsincludethefollowing:

WindowsServer2008StandardEditionandEnterpriseEdition WindowsVistaBusinessEditionandUltimateEdition RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.5,5.0,and5.1 UbuntuLinux6.10Edgy,7.04Fiesty,7.10Gutsy,and8.04Hardy SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10,10SP1,and10.1
SeeSupportedGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 31.
Improved 64-Bit Guest Support

64bitguestoperatingsystemsthatrunonIntelEM64TVTcapableandAMD64 revisionDorlaterprocessorsaresupported.SeeProcessorSupportfor64BitGuest OperatingSystemsonpage 33.
64-Bit Sound Driver

VMwareToolsinstallsasounddriverin64bitWindowsguestoperatingsystems. Newlycreated64bitWindowsvirtualmachinesarenowconfiguredwithaudio hardwarebydefault.SeeSoundonpage 31.
Native 64-Bit Host Support on Linux

VMwareServernowrunsnativelyon64bitLinuxhostoperatingsystems.
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Updated VIX API

TheVMwareVIXAPI(formerlyknownastheProgrammingAPI)allowsyoutowrite scriptsandprogramstoautomatevirtualmachineoperations.TheVIXAPIishigh level,easytouse,andpracticalforbothscriptwritersandapplicationprogrammers. ThisreleaseoftheVIXAPIisavailableintheClanguage.APIfunctionsallowyouto registervirtualmachines,powervirtualmachinesonoroff,andrunprogramsinthe guestoperatingsystems.AdditionallanguagebindingsforPerl,COM,andshellscripts (vmrun)areavailable.SeetheVMwareVIXAPI1.6ReleaseNotes.
VMCI Sockets Interface

Developerswhowanttowriteclientserverapplicationsforvirtualmachinescanuse thissocketsinterfacefortheVirtualMachineCommunicationInterface.VMCIprovides afastermeansofcommunicationamongapplicationsrunningonthehostandinvirtual machines.SeetheVMCISocketsProgrammingGuide.
About the Host and Guest Computers

Thetermshostandguestdescribeyourphysicalandvirtualmachines:
ThephysicalcomputeronwhichyouinstalltheVMwareServersoftwareiscalled thehostcomputer,anditsoperatingsystemiscalledthehostoperatingsystem. Theoperatingsystemrunninginsideavirtualmachineiscalledaguestoperating system.
Host System Requirements

YoucaninstalltheVMwareServersoftwareonaWindowsorLinuxserver.Youcan storevirtualmachinesontheserverhostorlocatethemonanetworkshare.
PC Hardware
Thenumberofvirtualmachinesyoucanrunconcurrentlydependsontheresources theyrequire.VMwareServersupportsupto16waymultiprocessorservers,witha maximumoffourvirtualmachinesrunningconcurrentlyperprocessor. VMwareServerhostsmustmeetthefollowingrequirements:
Standardx86compatibleorx8664compatibleserverwithupto16processors. Hostswith32bitIA32processorsandIA32processorswith64bitextensionsare supported. 733MHzorfasterCPUminimum.

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Compatibleprocessorsinclude:
IntelXeon:
DualCore,including5000series(Dempsey),5100series(Woodcrest), 3000series(Conroe),7000series(PaxvilleMP),and7100series(Tulsa) QuadCore,including5300series(Clovertown)

IntelCore2,includingE6300,E6400,E6600,andE6700(Conroe),Q6600 andQ6700/E(Kentsfield),andE4300(Allendale)Series AMDOpteron1000/2000/8000series(SantaAna,SantaRosa) AMDOpteron100/200/800series(Venus,Troy,Athens,Denmark,Italy,Egypt) AMDAthlon64(Clawhammer,Newcastle,Winchester,Venice,SanDiego, Orleans,Lima) AMDAthlon64X2/X2(Manchester,Toledo,Windsor,Brisbane)

Memory
Youmusthaveaminimumof512MBofmemory(2GBisrecommended).Thetotal amountofmemoryyoucanassigntoallvirtualmachinesrunningonasinglehostis limitedonlybytheamountofmemoryonthehostcomputer. Youmusthaveenoughmemorytorunthehostoperatingsystem,plusthememory requiredforeachguestoperatingsystemandforapplicationsonthehostandguest systems.SeeVirtualMachineSpecificationsonpage 28andyourguestoperating systemandapplicationdocumentationforadditionalmemoryrequirements.The maximumamountofmemorypervirtualmachineis8GB.
Disk Drives
Guestoperatingsystemstypicallyresideinvirtualdiskfiles,althoughyoucanalso bootfromCDROMorfromaPrebootExecutionEnvironment(PXE)server.
Hard Disk

IDEandSCSIharddrivesaresupported. Atleast1.7GBfreediskspaceisrequiredforbasicinstallation.Youcandeletethe installerafterwardstoreclaimapproximately600MBdiskspace. Ifyouuseadefaultsetup,thediskspaceneedsareapproximatelythesameas thoseforinstallingandrunningtheguestoperatingsystemandapplicationsona physicalcomputer.
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Optical CD/DVD Drive

IDEandSCSIopticaldrivesaresupported. CDROMandDVDROMdrivesaresupported. ISOdiskimagefilesaresupported.
Floppy Drives
Virtualmachinescanconnecttothehostsfloppydrives.Floppydiskimagefilesare alsosupported.
Local Area Networking

AnyEthernetcontrollersupportedbythehostoperatingsystem StaticIPaddressforyourhostmachine(recommended)
Windows Host Operating Systems

YoumustuseaWindowsserveroperatingsystem. NOTEOperatingsystemsandservicepacksthatarenotlistedarenotsupportedfor useasahostoperatingsystemforVMwareServer. 64bithostcomputerscanrunthefollowingoperatingsystemsfor64bitextended systems:
WindowsServer2008x64StandardEdition WindowsServer2008x64EnterpriseEdition NOTEWindows2008ServerCoreinstallationsarenotsupported.
WindowsServer2003x64StandardEdition,SP1,SP2,R2 WindowsServer2003x64WebEdition,SP1,SP2 WindowsServer2003x64EnterpriseEdition,SP1,SP2,R2
32bithostcomputerscanrunthefollowingoperatingsystems:
WindowsServer2008StandardEdition WindowsServer2008EnterpriseEdition NOTEWindows2008ServerCoreinstallationsarenotsupported.
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WindowsServer2003StandardEdition,SP1,SP2,R2 WindowsServer2003WebEdition,SP1,SP2 WindowsServer2003EnterpriseEdition,SP1,SP2,R2 WindowsSmallBusinessServer2003StandardEdition,R2 WindowsSmallBusinessServer2003PremiumEdition,R2 Windows2000ServerSP3,SP4 Windows2000AdvancedServer,SP3,SP4
Linux Host Operating System Requirements

Supporteddistributionsandkernelsarelistedinthissection.VMwareServermightnot runonsystemsthatdonotmeettheserequirements.Platformsthatarenotlistedare notsupported. NOTEAsnewLinuxkernelsanddistributionsarereleased,VMwaremodifiesand testsitsproductsforstabilityandreliabilityonthosehostplatforms.VMwaremakes everyefforttoaddsupportfornewkernelsanddistributionsinatimelymanner,but untilakernelordistributionisaddedtothelist,itsuseisnotsupported.Lookfornewer prebuiltmodulesintheDownloadsectionofVMwareWebsiteat http://www.vmware.com/download. 64bithostcomputerscanrunthefollowingoperatingsystemsfor64bitextended systems:

MandrivaCorporateServer4 RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1 RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAS4.5 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxES4.5 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.5 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10.1 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP1 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9SP4 UbuntuLinux8.04 UbuntuLinux7.10 UbuntuLinux7.04 UbuntuLinux6.10 UbuntuLinux6.06
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32bithostcomputerscanrunthefollowingoperatingsystems:

MandrakeLinux10.1 MandrivaCorporateServer4 RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1 RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAS4.5 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxES4.5 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.5 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10.1 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP1 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9SP4 TurboLinuxEnterpriseServer10 UbuntuLinux8.04 UbuntuLinux7.10 UbuntuLinux7.04 UbuntuLinux6.10 UbuntuLinux6.06

VI Web Access and VMware Remote Console Client System Requirements

VIWebAccessenablesyoutomanagevirtualmachinesfromaWebbrowseronthehost oraremoteclient. VMwareRemoteConsoleenablesyoutointeractwiththeguestoperatingsystemon thehostoraremoteclient.ItisinstalledasaWebbrowseraddon. TouseVIWebAccessorinstallVMwareRemoteConsole,runoneofthefollowingWeb browsers:

MozillaFirefox2.0or3.0forLinux MozillaFirefox2.0or3.0forWindows InternetExplorer6.0or7.0(7.0recommended)
NOTEOtherbrowsersarenotexcluded,butarenotcertifiedbyVMware.Pleaserefer toyourbrowservendorsdocumentationforadditionalrequirements.Forthebest experience,makesurethatyourbrowserincludesallofthesecurityandstability updatesrecommendedbythevendor.

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JavaScript,XMLHttpRequest,andcookiesmustbeenabledinyourWebbrowser settingstouseVIWebAccess.Thesefeaturesareenabledbydefault. Toavoidperformancedegradation,disabletheFirebugextensiontoFirefoxwhenusing VIWebAccess. TheVMwareRemoteConsoleaddonmightconflictwithotherFirefoxaddons.Ifyou experienceproblemswhenyouattempttoinstalltheVMwareRemoteConsoleaddon, trydisablingotheraddonsyouhaveenabled.Specifically,youmighthavetodisable thethirdpartyLeakMonitoraddonbeforeyouinstalltheVMwareRemoteConsole addon.
Virtual Machine Specifications

ThefollowingsectionsdescribethedevicessupportedbyVMwareServervirtual machines.
Processor

Sameprocessorasthehostcomputer Onevirtualprocessoronahostsystemwithoneormorelogicalprocessors Twovirtualprocessors(twowayvirtualsymmetricmultiprocessingor Virtual SMP)onahostsystemwithatleasttwologicalprocessors Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors:

AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoormorephysicalCPUs AsingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled
SeeUsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 278.
Chip Set

Intel440BXbasedmotherboard NS338SIO 82093AAIOAPIC
BIOS
PhoenixBIOS4.0Release6withVESABIOS
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Memory

Upto8GB,dependingonhostmemory,virtualmachinehardwareversion,and guestoperatingsystemsupport. Totalmemoryavailableforallvirtualmachinesislimitedonlybytheamountof memoryonthehostcomputer.
Graphics

VGA SVGA
IDE Drives
Uptofourdevices.AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualharddiskorCD/DVD drive. IDEvirtualdisksupto950GB. CD/DVDdrivecanbeaphysicaldeviceonthehostorclientsystem,oranISO imagefile.

SCSI Devices

Upto60devices.AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualharddiskorCD/DVDdrive. SCSIvirtualdisksupto950GB. LSILogicLSI53C10xxUltra320SCSII/Ocontroller.ForWindowsXPguest systems,thisrequiresanaddondriverfromtheLSILogicWebsite.Formore information,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideat http://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/. Mylex(BusLogic)BT958compatiblehostbusadapter.ForWindowsXPand WindowsServer2003guestsystems,thisrequiresanaddondriverfromthe VMwareWebsite.Formoreinformation,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystem InstallationGuideathttp://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.
PCI Slots
SixvirtualPCIslotscanbedividedamongthevirtualSCSIcontrollers,virtualEthernet cards,virtualdisplayadapter,andvirtualsoundadapter.
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Floppy Drives

Uptotwo1.44MBfloppydevices Physicaldrivesorfloppyimagefiles
Serial (COM) Ports

Uptofourserial(COM)ports Outputtoserialports,hostoperatingsystemfiles,ornamedpipes
Parallel (LPT) Ports

Uptothreebidirectionalparallel(LPT)ports Outputtoparallelportsorhostoperatingsystemfiles
USB Ports
USB2.0supportisavailableonlyforVMwareproductsthatsupportvirtual machinehardwareversions6and7,suchasVMwareServer2andWorkstation6. ForUSB2.0support,yourhostmachinemustsupportUSB2.0. Supportsmostdevices,includingUSBprinters,scanners,PDAs,harddiskdrives, memorycardreadersanddigitalcameras,aswellasstreamingdevicessuchas webcams,speakers,andmicrophones.

Keyboard
104keyWindows95/98enhanced
Mouse and Drawing Tablets

PS/2mouse Serialtablets USBtablets
Ethernet Card

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Upto10virtualEthernetcardsinhardwareversion6and7virtualmachines. AMDPCnetPCIIIcompatible. For64bitguests:IntelPro/1000MTServerAdaptercompatible.

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Virtual Networking
Supportfor10virtualnetworkswitchesonWindowshostoperatingsystems. Supportfor255virtualnetworkswitchesonLinuxhosts.Threeswitchesare configuredbydefaultforbridged,hostonly,andNATnetworking. SupportformostEthernetbasedprotocols,includingTCP/IP,Microsoft Networking,Samba,NovellNetware,andNetworkFileSystem(NFS). BuiltinNATsupportsclientsoftwareusingTCP/IP,FTP,DNS,HTTP,andTelnet, includingVPNsupportforPPTPoverNAT.
Sound

Soundoutputandinputonhostsystemonly. EmulatesCreativeLabsSoundBlasterAudioPCI.MIDIinput,gamecontrollers, andjoysticksarenotsupported,exceptforUSBdevices.
Supported Guest Operating Systems

VMwareiscontinuallyaddingsupportfornewguestoperatingsystemsandnew versionsandupdatesofcurrentlysupportedoperatingsystems.Thissectionprovides asimplifiedlistofsupportedguestoperatingsystemsforVMwareServer.Forthemost currentlistofsupportedguestoperatingsystems,includingdetailedinformationabout thespecificoperatingsystemversions,servicepacks,andupdatessupported,seethe VMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideat http://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.Thisguidealsoprovidesnotesoninstallingthe mostcommonguestoperatingsystems. OperatingsystemsthatarenotlistedarenotsupportedforuseinaVMwareServer virtualmachine.
Windows 64-Bit Operating Systems

WindowsServer2008x64StandardEdition WindowsServer2008x64EnterpriseEdition WindowsVistax64BusinessEdition WindowsVistax64UltimateEdition WindowsXPProfessionalx64 WindowsServer2003x64StandardEdition WindowsServer2003x64WebEdition WindowsServer2003x64EnterpriseEdition

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Windows 32-Bit Guest Operating Systems

WindowsServer2008StandardEdition WindowsServer2008EnterpriseEdition WindowsVistaBusinessEdition WindowsVistaUltimateEdition WindowsXPProfessional WindowsServer2003StandardEdition WindowsServer2003WebEdition WindowsServer2003EnterpriseEdition WindowsSmallBusinessServer2003StandardEdition WindowsSmallBusinessServer2003PremiumEdition Windows2000Server Windows2000AdvancedServer

Linux 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems

MandrakeLinux MandrivaLinux RedHatEnterpriseLinux SUSELinux SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer openSUSELinux OpenEnterpriseServer(OES) UbuntuLinux
Linux 32-Bit Guest Operating Systems

MandrakeLinux MandrivaLinux RedHatEnterpriseLinux SUSELinux SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer
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openSUSELinux OpenEnterpriseServer(OES) UbuntuLinux
Sun Solaris 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems

Solarisx86
Sun Solaris 32-Bit Guest Operating Systems

Solarisx86
Novell NetWare 32-Bit Guest Operating System

NetWare
Processor Support for 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems

VMwareServersupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyon hostmachinesthathaveIntelEM64TVTcapableorAMD64revisionDorlater processors. Whenyoupoweronavirtualmachinewitha64bitguestoperatingsystem, VMware Serverperformsaninternalcheck.IfthehostCPUisnotasupported64bit processor,youcannotpoweronthevirtualmachine. VMwarealsoprovidesastandaloneutilitythatyoucanusewithoutVMwareServerto performthesamecheckanddeterminewhetheryourCPUissupportedfor VMware Servervirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystems.Youcan downloadthe64bitprocessorcheckutilityfromhttp://www.vmware.com/download.
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Installing VMware Server
ThischapterdescribeshowtoinstallVMwareServeronWindowsandLinuxhost systemsandincludesthefollowingtopics:

InstallationPrerequisitesonpage 35 InstallingVMwareServeronaWindowsHostonpage 37 UninstallingVMwareServeronaWindowsHostonpage 41 InstallingVMwareServeronaLinuxHostonpage 41 ConfiguringVMwareServeronaLinuxHostUsingvmwareconfig.plon page 42 UninstallingVMwareServeronaLinuxHostonpage 43 UpgradingfromVMwareServer1onpage 44 WheretoGoNextonpage 45

Installation Prerequisites
InstallingVMwareServerisusuallyasimpleprocessofrunningastandardinstallation wizard.Thissectionoutlinesthetasksyouneedtoperformbeforestartingan installationandwhichVMwareproductscanbeinstalledonthesamecomputeras VMwareServer.
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Preparing to Install VMware Server

Beforeyoubegininstallation,besureyouhave:
CompatiblehostVerifythatthecomputerandhostoperatingsystemmeetthe systemrequirementsforrunningVMwareServer,asdescribedinHostSystem Requirementsonpage 23. VMwareServerinstallationsoftwareVMwareServerisavailableforboth WindowsandLinuxhostcomputers.Theinstallationsoftwareisinthefileyou download. VMwareServerserialnumberYourserialnumberissentbyemail. YourserialnumberallowsyoutouseVMwareServeronlyonthehostoperating systemforwhichyoulicensedthesoftware.Forexample,ifyouhaveaserial numberforaWindowshost,youcannotrunthesoftwareonaLinuxhost.Make surethatyouentertheserialnumberforthecorrectoperatingsystem.
GuestoperatingsystemAfterVMwareServerisinstalled,youneedthe operatingsysteminstallationCDsorOSimagestosetupyourguestsystems.You canalsodownloadavirtualappliancefromtheVirtualApplianceMarketplaceor useabootableCDorPXEimagefile. WebbrowserTomanageVMwareServerusingVIWebAccess,useasupported Webbrowser,asdescribedinVIWebAccessandVMwareRemoteConsoleClient SystemRequirementsonpage 27.
Sharing a VMware Server Host with Other VMware Products

YoucannothaveVMwareServerinstalledonthesamehostmachinewithanother VMwareproduct,suchasVMwareWorkstation,VMware GSX Server,orVMwareESX. YoucannothavemultipleversionsofVMwareServerinstalledonthesamehost. TheonlyVMwareproductsthatcanshareahostmachinewithVMwareServerarethe VMwareVirtualCenterclient(VMwareInfrastructureClient)andserversoftwareand VMwareConverter.IfyouplantoinstallVMwareServeronahostmachinethatalready containsanotherVMwareproduct,youmustuninstallthatproductfirst. NOTEYoucannotcurrentlymanageVMwareServer2.0usingVirtualCenter. OnaWindowshost,uninstallusingAdd/RemoveProgramsintheControlPanel.The uninstalleraskswhetheryouwanttokeeplicensesinyourregistry.Donotremovethe licenses.IfyoureinstalltheVMwareproductthatyouuninstalled,youdonotneedto entertheserialnumberagain.
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Chapter 2 Installing VMware Server
OnaLinuxhost,followtheprocedureinthischaptertouninstalltheproduct.The licensesremaininplace.Youdonotneedtotakeanyspecialaction. Afteryouhavecompletedtheprerequisitesanddeterminedwhichcomputeryouwant tousetohostVMwareServer,followtheprocedureinthischaptertoinstallVMware Serveronyourhostsystem.
Installing VMware Server on a Windows Host

Beforeyouperformtheinstallationprocedure,makesurethatyouhavethe VMware Serverserialnumberready.Althoughyoucanenterthenumberafter installation,itisrecommendedthatyouenteritatinstallationtime.Entertheserial numberthatisappropriateforyourhostoperatingsystem. ThefollowingproceduredescribeshowtoruntheVMwareServerinstallationwizard. NOTEYoureceivetheserialnumbersinanemailmessagefromVMware.Themessage includesoneserialnumbertouseonaWindowshostandanotherserialnumbertouse onaLinuxhost.Entertheserialnumberthatisappropriateforyourhostoperating system.Todownloadthesoftwareagainorrequestadditionalserialnumbers,goto http://www.vmware.com/download/server/. Ifyouwanttousethecommandlineinterfacetoperformasilentinstallationonmany computers,seeInstallingVMwareServerSilentlyonpage 39. To install VMware Server on a Windows host 1 LoginastheAdministratoruserorasauserwhoisamemberoftheWindows Administratorsgroup. Loginasalocaladministrator(thatis,donotlogintothedomain,unlessyour domainaccountisalsoalocaladministrator). AlthoughanadministratormustinstallVMwareServer,auserwithout administrativeprivilegescanuseVMwareServer. 2 Browsetothedirectorywhereyousavedthedownloadedfile,andrunthe installer.ThefilenameissimilartoVMware-server-<xxxx-xxxx>.exe,where <xxxx-xxxx>isaseriesofnumbersrepresentingtheversionandbuildnumbers. IfyouhaveanearlierversionofVMwareServerinstalledonyoursystem,the installerremovesthatversionbeforeinstallingthenewversion.Afterthe uninstallationiscomplete,youmightbepromptedtorestartyourcomputerbefore theinstallercaninstallthenewversion.
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Whenthewizardfinishescomputingspacerequirements,clickNexttoclosethe Welcomepage. OntheLicenseAgreementpage,readandacceptthelicenseagreementtocontinue theinstallation. OntheDestinationFolderpage,ifyoudonotwantVMwareServerinstalledinthe directorythatisshown,clickChangeandspecifyanalternateinstallation directory. WindowsandtheMicrosoftInstallerlimitthelengthofapathtoadirectoryona localdriveto255characters.Forapathtoadirectoryonamappedorshareddrive, thelimitis240characters.Ifthepathexceedsthislimit,anerrormessageappears, andyoumustselectorenterashorterpath. Ifyouspecifyadirectorythatdoesnotexist,theinstallercreatesitforyou. YoucannotinstallVMwareServeronanetworkdrive.
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ClickNext. OntheServerConfigurationInformationpage,ifyoudonotwantvirtualmachine filesstoredinthedirectorythatisshown,clickChangeandspecifyanalternate virtualmachinedirectory. Ifyouspecifyadirectorythatdoesnotexist,theinstallercreatesitforyou.
AlsoontheServerConfigurationInformationpage,acceptorchangethedefault valuesforFQDN,ServerHTTPPort,andServerHTTPSPort. Thefullyqualifieddomainname(FQDN)includesthehostnameandthedomain name.Forexample,intheFQDNmyserverhost.companydomain.com, myserverhostisthehostname,andcompanydomain.comisthedomain.The FQDNisusedtocreatethedesktopshortcutthatopensVI WebAccess. IfyoudonotsetServerHTTPPortto80,youmustincludetheportnumberwhen youconnecttoVMwareServerusingVI WebAccess.SeeLoggingIntoVMware ServerUsingVIWebAccessonpage 48.
AlsoontheServerConfigurationInformationpage,selectAllowvirtualmachines tostartandstopautomaticallywiththesystemifyouwanttoconfigurevirtual machinestostartupandshutdownautomaticallywhenthehostoperatingsystem startsandshutsdown.Formoreinformation,seeConfiguringVirtualMachine StartupandShutdownSettingsonpage 115. ClickNext. OntheConfigureShortcutspage,deselectanyshortcutsyoudonotwantthe installertocreate.

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OntheReadytoInstalltheProgrampage,clickInstallorclickBacktomake changes. (Optional)AfteryouclickInstall,ontheRegistrationInformationpage,enteryour name,companyname,andserialnumberandclickNext.Ifyouskipthisstep,you mustenteryourserialnumberlaterinVIWebAccess,beforeyoucanpowerona virtualmachine. YourserialnumberisinanemailsenttoyouwhenyouobtainVMwareServer online.
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WhenthewizarddisplaystheInstallationWizardCompletedpage,clickFinish. Someinstallationsmightrequirethatyourebootyourcomputer.Whenyourestart, youdontneedtologinasauserwithAdministratorprivileges.
Installing VMware Server Silently

IfyouareinstallingVMwareServeronseveralWindowshostcomputers,youmight wanttousethesilentinstallationfeatureoftheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller.This featurecanbeconvenientinalargeenterprise. BeforeinstallingVMwareServersilently,makesurethatthehostcomputerhasversion 2.0orhigheroftheMSIruntimeengine,whichisavailableinWindowsbeginningwith WindowsXPandseparatelyfromMicrosoft.Foradditionaldetailsonusingthe MicrosoftWindowsInstaller,seetheMicrosoftWebsite. To install VMware Server silently 1 ExtracttheadministrativeinstallationimagefromtheVMwareServerinstaller: ThefilenameissimilartoVMware-server-<xxxxx>.exe,where<xxxxx>isa seriesofnumbersrepresentingtheversionandbuildnumbers.Anexample commandis:
VMware-server-<xxxx>.exe /a /s /v TARGETDIR="C:\temp\server" /qn
Runtheinstallationusingmsiexecandtheinstallationimagethatyouextracted inthepreviousstep.Enterthecommandononeline.
msiexec /i "<InstallTempPath>\VMware Server.msi" [INSTALLDIR="<PathToProgramDirectory>"] ADDLOCAL=ALL [REMOVE=<featurename,featurename>] /qn
ToinstallVMwareServerinalocationotherthanthedefault,changethe INSTALLDIRpath.
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UsetheoptionalREMOVEsettingtoskipinstallationofcertainfeatures.TheREMOVE settingcantakeoneormoreofthevalueslistedinTable 21. Table 2-1. Values for the REMOVE Setting
Value Network Description Networkingcomponentsincludingthevirtualbridgeandthehostadapters forhostonlyandNATnetworking.Donotremovethiscomponentifyou wanttouseNATorDHCP. VirtualDHCPserver. VirtualNATdevice.
DHCP NAT
Ifyouspecifymorethanonevalue,useacommatoseparatethevalues,for example,REMOVE=DHCP,NAT.IfyouspecifyREMOVE=Network,youdonotneedto specifyDHCPorNATseparately. Youcancustomizetheinstallationfurtherbyaddinganyofthefollowing installationpropertiestothecommandusingtheformat<property>="<value>". Avalueof1meanstrue.Avalueof0meansfalse.Ifyouusetheserialnumber property,entertheserialnumberwithhyphens(xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx).
Table 2-2. PROPERTY Values

Property DESKTOP_SHORTCUT DISABLE_AUTORUN REMOVE_LICENSE SERIALNUMBER Effect of the Property Installsashortcutonthedesktop. DisablesCDautorunonthehost. (Uninstallonly)Removesallstoredlicensesat uninstall. Enterstheserialnumber. Default 1 1 0
Checktheinstallationlogfiletoverifythattheinstallationcompletedsuccessfully. Thelogfileindicateswhetheryouneedtorebootthehostsystemorifanyerrors occurred.Thefileislocatedintheadministratoruserstemporarydirectory,inthe format:

vminst.log_<date_and_time_stamp>_<Success_or_Failed>.log
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Uninstalling VMware Server on a Windows Host

TouninstallVMwareServer,usetheAdd/RemoveProgramscontrolpanel.Select VMwareServerandclickRemove.Followtheonscreeninstructions.
Installing VMware Server on a Linux Host

Beforeyoubegin,readthefollowingnotesandmakeadjustmentstoyourhostsystem:

TherealtimeclockfunctionmustbecompiledinyourLinuxkernel. TheparallelportPCstylehardwareoption(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)mustbe builtandloadedasakernelmodule(thatis,itmustbesettomwhenthekernelis compiled).
To install VMware Server on a Linux host using a tar installation file 1 2 LoginwiththeusernameyouplantousewhenrunningVMwareServer. Inaterminalwindow,usethecommandtobecomeroot,forexample:
su -
OnUbuntuhosts,usethecommand:
sudo -s -H
Ifyouhaveaprevioustarinstallation,deletethevmware-server-distrib directorybeforeinstallingfromatarfileagain. Thelocationofthisdirectoryisusually/tmp/vmware-server-distrib.
Changetothetemporarydirectorywhereyoucopiedorsavedtheinstallationfile:
cd /tmp
Unpackthearchive:
tar zxpf VMware-server-<xxxx>.tar.gz
Changetotheinstallationdirectory:
cd vmware-server-distrib
Runtheinstallationscript:
./vmware-install.pl
Respondtothepromptsforthedirectorylocationsforbinaryfiles,initialization scripts,daemonfiles,libraryfiles,manualfiles,anddocumentationfiles. Inmostcases,thedefaultresponseisappropriate.
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EnterYeswhenpromptedtorunvmware-config.pl. Respondtotheprompts,asdescribedinConfiguringVMwareServeronaLinux HostUsingvmwareconfig.plonpage 42.
To install on a Linux host using the RPM installation file 1 2 LoginwiththeusernameyouplantousewhenrunningVMwareServer. Inaterminalwindow,usethecommandtobecomeroot,forexample:
su -
RunRPMandspecifytheinstallationfile:
rpm -Uhv VMware-server-<xxxx>.rpm
Inplaceof<xxxx>thefilenamecontainsnumbersthatcorrespondtotheversion andbuild. 4 Runtheconfigurationscript:

./vmware-config.pl
Respondtotheprompts,asdescribedinConfiguringVMwareServeronaLinux HostUsingvmwareconfig.plonpage 42.
Configuring VMware Server on a Linux Host Using vmware-config.pl

Thissectiondescribeshowtousevmware-config.pltoconfigureyourinstallationof VMwareServer. Configurationwithvmware-config.plisrequiredinthefollowingcircumstances:

WhenyouinstallVMwareServerforthefirsttime. WhenyouupgradeyourversionofVMwareServer. Whenyouupgradeyourhostoperatingsystemkernel.(Itisnotnecessaryto reinstallVMwareServerafteryouupgradeyourkernel.) ToreconfigurethenetworkingoptionsforVMwareServer.Forexample,toaddor removeavirtualnetwork.
NOTEIfyouusetheRPMinstaller,youneedtoruntheconfigurationprogram separatelyfromthecommandline.Ifyouinstallfromthetararchive,theinstalleroffers tolaunchtheconfigurationprogramforyou.AnswerYeswhenyouseetheprompt.
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Ifyouhavenotalreadydoneso,openaterminalwindowandloginastherootuser beforeperformingthefollowingprocedure. To configure VMware Server using vmware-config.pl 1 Ifvmware-config.plisnotstartedbytheinstallationscript,enterthefollowing commandtorunthescript:

vmware-config.pl
Thescriptislocatedin/usr/bin.Ifthisdirectoryisnotinyourdefaultpath,enter thefollowingcommandtorunthescript:
/usr/bin/vmware-config.pl
Respondtotheprompts.Inmostcases,thedefaultresponseisappropriate. Thefollowingportsareusedbydefault:port902forthe VMware Authorization Service,port8222forhttpconnections,andport8333for securehttp(https)connections.Ifyoudonotwanttousethedefaultvalue, changetheportnumberwhenprompted. Ifyoudonotspecifyport80forhttpconnections,youmustincludetheport numberwhenyouconnecttoVMwareServerusingVI WebAccess.SeeLogging IntoVMwareServerUsingVIWebAccessonpage 48. Iftheconfigurationprogramdoesnotdisplayamessagesayingthatthe configurationcompletedsuccessfully,runtheconfigurationprogramagain.
Whendone,exitfromtherootaccount:
exit
Uninstalling VMware Server on a Linux Host

ThissectionprovidesinstructionsforuninstallingatarinstallationandanRPM installation.
Uninstalling a tar Installation of VMware Server

IfyouusedthetarinstallertoinstallVMwareServer,removethesoftwarefromyour systemusingthefollowingcommand:
vmware-uninstall.pl
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Uninstalling an RPM Installation of VMware Server

IfyouusedtheRPMinstallertoinstallVMwareServer,removethesoftwarefromyour systemusingthefollowingcommand:
rpm -e VMware-server-<xxxx>
Inplaceof<xxxx>thefilenamecontainsnumbersthatcorrespondtotheversionand build.IfyouhaveVMwareServerproperlyinstalled,youcanfindtheVMwareServer buildnumberbyrunning:

rpm -qa | grep VM
Upgrading from VMware Server 1

RuntheVMwareServer2installerforyourhosttoupgradetoVMwareServer2from VMwareServer1.Theinstallerautomaticallyuninstallsthepreviousversionofthe software,exceptfortarinstallations,whichrequireyoutouninstalltheprevious versionofVMwareServermanuallyasdescribedinUninstallingatarInstallationof VMwareServeronpage 43. Therearesomefeaturedifferencesbetweentheseproductversions:
VI WebAccessandVMwareRemoteConsolereplacethe VMware Management InterfaceandVMwareServerConsole.SeeChapter 3, LearningVMwareServerBasics:UsingVIWebAccess,onpage 47. VMwareServer2doesnotsupportphysical(raw)disks. VMwareServer2usesdatastorestomanagevirtualmachinelocations.Adatastore isastoragelocationforVMwareServervirtualmachinefiles.Thestoragelocation canbethelocalfilesystem,aCIFSstore(Windowsonly),oranNFSmountedfile system(Linuxonly). VirtualmachinesthatwereregisteredinVMwareServer1areautomatically registeredinVMwareServer2.However,thelocationsforexistingvirtual machinesarenotautomaticallyaddedasdatastores.Itisrecommendedthatyou addthemmanually.SeeManagingDatastoresonpage 110.

VMwareServer2createshardwareversion7virtualmachinesbydefault.Ifyou wanttouseallfeaturesofVMwareServer2,itisrecommendedthatyouupgrade virtualmachinestohardwareversion7. Youcanimporthardwareversion3andabovevirtualmachines.However,theonly tasksVIWebAccesscanperformonhardwareversion3virtualmachinesare poweroperationsandupgrade.Toupgradethehardwareversionofoldervirtual machines,seeUpgradingtheVirtualMachineVersiononpage 72.
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VMwareServer2usesadifferentpermissionsmodelfromVMwareServer1.After youinstallVMwareServer2,loginasanadministratorusertocreateandmanage permissionsfornonadministratorusers.SeeChapter 10,ManagingRolesand Permissions,onpage 201. VMwareServer2automaticallynamesbothdefaultandcustomvirtualnetworks. TheNetworkssectionoftheVIWebAccesshostSummarytabshowsthename, virtualnetwork(VMnet),andnetworktypeofeachvirtualnetwork.Ifyou customizevirtualnetworkingafterinstallation,youmustrefreshthenetwork,as describedinChangingtheNetworkingConfigurationonpage 222. ForupgradesfromVMwareServer1,ifyoubridged(mapped)virtualnetworksto specificphysicalorvirtualadapters,writedownthesettingsyouused. AlthoughVMwareServer2generallypreservesnetworksettingsduringthe upgrade,itcannotpreservebridgedsettingscreatedwithVMwareServer1.
Where to Go Next
AfteryouhaveinstalledtheVMwareServersoftwareontheserver,typicalnextsteps include: 1 2 Createavirtualmachine.SeeChapter 4,CreatingandUpgradingVirtual Machines,onpage 59. Installaguestoperatingsystem.Youneedtheinstallationmediaforyourguest operatingsystem.SeeInstallingtheGuestOperatingSystemonpage 68andthe VMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuide. InstalltheVMwareToolspackageinyourguestoperatingsystemforenhanced performanceandfeatures.SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 76. Createadditionaldatastoresandaddexistingvirtualmachinestoyourinventory. SeeChapter 6,ManagingVMwareServer,onpage 107. Startusingthevirtualmachines.SeeRunningVirtualMachinesonpage 121.
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Learning VMware Server Basics: Using VI Web Access
ThischapterdescribeshowtoconnecttoVMwareServerandintroducesthe VI Web Accessmanagementinterface.VI WebAccessprovidesasimpleandflexible toolforvirtualmachinemanagement. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

LoggingIntoVMwareServerUsingVIWebAccessonpage 48 OverviewofVIWebAccessonpage 48 UsingtheVMwareServerHostWorkspaceonpage 49 UsingtheVirtualMachineWorkspaceonpage 50 UsingVIWebAccessMenuOptionsonpage 54 LoggingOutonpage 57
Typically,yournextstepafterfamiliarizingyourselfwithVI WebAccessistocreatea virtualmachine.Theinformationandstepsyouneedtocreateavirtualmachineare describedinChapter 4,CreatingandUpgradingVirtualMachines,onpage 59.
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Logging In to VMware Server Using VI Web Access

AnyuserthathasauthorizationonthehostmachinecanlogintoVMwareServer. To log in to VMware Server using VI Web Access 1 2 LaunchyourWebbrowser. EntertheURLofyourVMwareServerinstallation:
http://<host_name>/
Ifyouarenotusingport80toconnecttoVMwareServer,youmustincludetheport numberyouspecifiedduringinstallationintheconnectionURL,forexample:
http://<host_name>:8222
Whenyouconnectremotely,youareautomaticallyredirectedtothesecurehttp (https)port. TheVI WebAccessloginpageappears. NOTEIftheconnectionfails,enterthecorrecthostname,IPaddress,or localhost,asappropriate,intheconnectionURL.Youcanalsomanuallyenter theshortnameandtheFQDN,orlocalhost,inthe/etc/hostsfile. 3 Entertheusernameandpasswordyouusetologintothehost,andclickLog In. Afteryourusernameandpasswordareauthorized,themainapplicationpage appears. Youruserroledetermineswhatyoucanseeandwhichactionsyoucanperformin VI WebAccess.SeeChapter 10,ManagingRolesandPermissions,onpage 201.
Overview of VI Web Access

TheVI WebAccesspageisdividedintofourmainsections:
InventorypanelAppearingontheleft,thisareadisplaysthevirtualmachine inventory.
ClickthehosttoviewsummaryinformationaboutVMwareServerinthe workspace. Clickavirtualmachinetoviewsummaryinformationaboutthevirtual machineintheworkspace.
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WorkspaceAppearingontheright,thisisthemainpartofthewindow.
WhenthehostisselectedintheInventorypanel,theworkspaceincludesthe Summary,VirtualMachines,Tasks,Events,andPermissionstabs.Thesetabs containdetailedinformationabouttheVMwareServerhostandallowyouto configurehostwidesettings.SeeUsingtheVMwareServerHost Workspaceonpage 49. WhenavirtualmachineisselectedintheInventorypanel,theworkspace includestheSummary,Console,Tasks,Events,andPermissionstabs.These tabscontaindetailedinformationaboutvariousaspectsofthevirtualmachine andallowyoutoconfigurethem.SeeUsingtheVirtualMachineWorkspace onpage 50.
MenubarThemenusabovetheInventorypanelprovideaccesstocommon applicationandvirtualmachineoperations,includingpoweroperationsand snapshotandconsolecommands.SeeUsingVIWebAccessMenuOptionson page 54. ToolbarAppearingalongthetopofthepage,thesebuttonsallowyoutoacton theselectedvirtualmachine,offeringoneclickaccesstopoweroperations.See ChangingthePowerStateofaVirtualMachineonpage 122. TaskareaAppearingalongthebottomofthepage,thisareadisplaystasks recentlyexecutedbyVMwareServer,includinghostlevelconfigurationchanges. Youcansorttasksbyclickingthecolumnheaders.Bydefault,tasksappearin reversechronologicalorder(mostrecenttasksfirst).Youcandoubleclickataskto getmoredetailedinformation.
Using the VMware Server Host Workspace

WhenthehostisselectedintheInventorypanel,theworkspacedisplaysinformation abouttheVMwareServerinstallation,dividedintotabs:
SummaryTheGeneralsectiondisplaysthehostsystemsmanufacturer,name, model,processortypeandutilization,andmemorycapacityandutilization.The Datastoressectionshowsthename,capacity,freespace,andlocationofeach datastore.TheNetworkssectionshowsthename,virtualnetwork(VMnet),and networktypeofeachvirtualnetwork. FromtheCommandssection,youcanmanageyourvirtualmachineinventory, add,rename,orremovedatastores,createvirtualmachines,andconfigureglobal memory,snapshot,andvirtualmachinestartupandshutdownsettings.For informationabouthowtoperformtheseandotherhostwidemanagementtasks, seeChapter 6,ManagingVMwareServer,onpage 107.
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TasksDisplaystasksthatareperformedbyusersintheVMwareServerhost. SeeViewingVMwareServerandVirtualMachineTasksonpage 56. EventsDisplayseventsthatoccurredintheVMwareServerhost.SeeViewing VMwareServerandVirtualMachineEventsonpage 57. VirtualMachinesDisplayshighlevelinformationabouttheallthevirtual machinesintheinventory,includingprocessorandmemoryutilizationwhenthe virtualmachineispoweredon.Fromthistab,youcancreateavirtualmachine, addavirtualmachinetotheinventory,anddeleteorperformpoweroperationson aselectedvirtualmachine.SeeAddingaVirtualMachinetotheInventoryon page 108andPerformingPowerOperationsonVirtualMachinesonpage 109. PermissionsDisplaysandallowsyoutoconfigurepermissionsforthehost.See Chapter 10,ManagingRolesandPermissions,onpage 201.
Using the Virtual Machine Workspace

WhenavirtualmachineisselectedintheInventorypanel,theworkspacedisplays informationaboutthevirtualmachine,dividedintotabs:
SummaryDisplaysperformanceandstatusinformation.Youcanviewa summaryofthevirtualmachinesstate,includinginformationaboutvirtual devicesandconfigurationoptions.Fromthistab,youcanmodifytheselected virtualmachineshardwareandperformothervirtualmachinemanagementtasks. TasksDisplaystasksthatusersperforminthevirtualmachine.SeeViewing VMwareServerandVirtualMachineTasksonpage 56. EventsDisplayseventsthatoccurredinthevirtualmachine.SeeViewing VMwareServerandVirtualMachineEventsonpage 57. ConsoleAllowsyoutointeractdirectlywiththeguestoperatingsystem.See InstallingtheVMwareRemoteConsoleAddOnonpage 52andStarting VMwareRemoteConsolefromtheConsoleTabonpage 53. PermissionsDisplaysandallowsyoutoconfigurepermissionsforthevirtual machine.SeeChapter 10,ManagingRolesandPermissions,onpage 201.
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Viewing Virtual Machine Summary Information

WhenyouclicktheSummarytabforavirtualmachine,VIWebAccessdisplaysa summaryoftheconfigurationinformationaboutthatvirtualmachineinthe workspace. TheSummarytabincludesthefollowingsections:
ThePerformancesectiondisplaysthevirtualmachineprocessorandmemory capacityandcurrentutilization. TheNotessectiondisplays,andallowsyoutoedit,texttodescribethevirtual machine. TheHardwaresectiondisplays,andallowsyoutoeditorremove,thevirtual machineshardware.Tochangemostsettings,youmustpoweroffthevirtual machine.SeeEditingtheHardwareConfigurationofaVirtualMachineon page 135. TheStatussectiondisplaysthefollowing:
Thecurrentpowerstateofthevirtualmachine:whetheritispoweredon, poweredoff,orsuspended. Theguestoperatingsysteminstalledinthevirtualmachine. VMwareToolsstatus,indicatingwhetherVMwareToolsisinstalledand running,andwhetheryouneedtoupgradetothelatestversion.See Chapter 5,InstallingandUsingVMwareTools,onpage 73. TheDNSnameandIPaddressofthevirtualmachine.

TheCommandssectiondisplays:
Poweroperationscommands.SeeChangingVirtualMachinePower Settingsonpage 125. AcommandtostarttheAddHardwarewizard.SeeAddingHardwaretoa VirtualMachineonpage 137. Snapshotcommands.SeeUsingSnapshotsonpage 195. Acommandtoopenthevirtualmachineconfigurationdialogbox.See Chapter 7,RunningVirtualMachines,onpage 121. Acommandtocreateavirtualmachineshortcutthatenablesuserstointeract directlywiththeguestoperatingsystem.SeeGeneratingandSharingVirtual MachineShortcutsonpage 133.

TheRelationshipssectiondisplaysthecurrentrelationshipsofthevirtualmachine: thehostname,datastores,andnetworks.
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Installing the VMware Remote Console Add-On

VMwareRemoteConsoleallowsyoutointeractdirectlywiththeguestoperating system. YoumustinstallVMwareRemoteConsoleasaWebbrowseraddonthefirsttimeyou wanttousetheconsolewithaWebbrowserthatdoesnotalreadyhavetheaddon installed.Whenanewversionoftheaddonisavailable,youarepromptedtoinstall thenewversion. AfterVMwareRemoteConsoleisinstalled,youcancontinuetouseitifyoucloseyour Webbrowser. To install the browser add-on for VMware Remote Console 1 ClicktheConsoletab. Iftheaddonisnotinstalledoranewversionoftheaddonisavailable,thetext showninFigure 31appears. Figure 3-1. Console Tab When the Add-On Is Not Installed
ClickInstallplugin.
IfyouareusingInternetExplorer,theFileDownloadSecurityWarningdialog boxisdisplayed. i CloseallinstancesofInternetExplorerbeforecontinuing. TheaddoncannotbeinstalledifanyInternetExplorerwindowsare open. ii ClickRun.
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iii iv
TheInternetExplorerSecurityWarninginstallationdialogboxis displayed. ClickRun. NOTEDependingonyourInternetExplorersecuritysettings,youmight seeamessageatthetopofthebrowser:Thiswebsitewantstorunthe followingaddon.Ifyouseethismessage,clickitandallowtheaddon torun. Theaddonisinstalled.Skiptheremainingstepsofthisprocedure.
IfyouareusingFirefox,amessageappearsatthetopofthebrowserindicating thatFirefoxpreventedthesitefromaskingyoutoinstallthesoftwareonyour computer. i ClickEditOptionsnexttotheFirefoxmessage. TheAllowedSitesAddonsInstallationpageappears. ii ClickAllowtoallowtheaddontobeinstalledfromtheVMwareServer hostsystem,andclickClose. YouarereturnedtotheConsoletabasshowninFigure 31. iii ClickInstallplugin. TheSoftwareInstallationpageappears. iv ClickInstallNow. Theaddonisinstalled. Firefoxrequiresyoutorestartyourbrowser.
Starting VMware Remote Console from the Console Tab

SelecttheConsoletabwhenyouwanttointeractdirectlywiththeguestoperating systemrunninginavirtualmachine. IftheVMwareRemoteConsoleaddonisnotinstalledintheWebbrowseroranew versionoftheaddonisavailable,youarepromptedtoinstallit,asdescribedin InstallingtheVMwareRemoteConsoleAddOnonpage 52. Whenavirtualmachineispoweredoff,suspended,orunavailable,theConsoletab displaysamessageandpossibleactions.Forexample,whenthevirtualmachineis poweredoff,thepoweronoptionisavailable.
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Whenthevirtualmachineispoweredon,youcanclickanywhereintheConsolescreen toopenVMwareRemoteConsole.TheVMwareRemoteConsolestartupscreenis displayedforafewmomentsbeforetheguestoperatingsystembeginstorun. ForinformationaboutusingVMwareRemoteConsole,seeUsingVMwareRemote Consoleonpage 130. YoucancontinuetouseVMwareRemoteConsoleifyoucloseyourWebbrowser.
Using VI Web Access Menu Options

VIWebAccessmenusincludethefollowing:

ApplicationOptionsrelevanttotheVIWebAccessapplicationinterface. VirtualMachineVirtualmachinecommands.Mostvirtualmachineoperations areenabledonlywhenavirtualmachineisselectedintheInventorypanel.
Theavailablemenuoptionsaredescribedinthefollowingsections.
Application Menu
TheApplicationmenuincludesgeneralVIWebAccessoptionsforgettingversion information,browsingtheVirtualApplianceMarketplace,viewingonlinehelp,and loggingout.
AboutDisplaystheVIWebAccessversionnumber,VMwareServerversion number,andVMwarecopyrightinformation. EnterSerialNumberAllowsyoutoenteranewVMwareServerserialnumber ifyourcurrentserialnumberisexpiring. VirtualApplianceMarketplaceOpenstheVirtualApplianceMarketplaceWeb page.Virtualappliancesareprebuilt,preconfigured,readytorunenterprise applicationspackagedwithanoperatingsysteminsideavirtualmachine. CheckforUpdatesOpenstheVMwareServerdownloadpage. HelpDisplaysonlinehelp. LogOutLogsyououtofVI WebAccess.

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Virtual Machine Menu

TheVirtualMachinemenuincludesoptionsformanagingthepowerstateofavirtual machineandforviewingtheconsole. Themenuincludesthefollowingcommands,whichcanalsobeperformedusingthe buttonsandothervisualelementsofthemanagementinterface:
CreateVirtualMachineStartstheNewVirtualMachinewizard.SeeChapter 4, CreatingandUpgradingVirtualMachines,onpage 59. AddVirtualMachinetoInventoryAddsavirtualmachinetothehost inventory.SeeManagingtheVirtualMachineInventoryonpage 108. RemoveVirtualMachineRemovesavirtualmachinefromtheinventory,and optionallydeletesthevirtualmachinefiles.Thisoptionisenabledifthevirtual machineispoweredoff.SeeManagingtheVirtualMachineInventoryon page 108. PowerOn/ResumePowersonapoweredoffvirtualmachineorresumesa suspendedvirtualmachine. PowerOffPowersoffthevirtualmachineimmediately.Thisisthesameas pullingtheplugonaphysicalcomputer. SuspendSuspendsapoweredonvirtualmachine. SuspendGuestSuspendstheguestoperatingsystem.VMwareToolsexecutes thescriptassociatedwiththispowerstatechange,ifany. ResetResetsthevirtualmachineimmediately.Thisisthesameaspressingthe resetbuttononaphysicalcomputer. ShutDownGuestShutsdowntheguestoperatingsystem.VMwareTools executesthescriptassociatedwiththispowerstatechange,ifany. RestartGuestRestartstheguestoperatingsystemandthevirtualmachine. VMwareToolsexecutesthescriptassociatedwiththispowerstatechange,ifany. TakeSnapshotTakesasnapshotofthevirtualmachine. ReverttoSnapshotRevertstoanexistingsnapshot. RemoveSnapshotRemovesanexistingsnapshot. EnterFullScreenModeStartsVMwareRemoteConsoleinfullscreenmode. OpeninaNewWindowOpensanewVMwareRemoteConsoleinstance.

FordetailedinformationaboutusingVI WebAccesstoperformvirtualmachinetasks, seeChapter 7,RunningVirtualMachines,onpage 121.

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Administration Menu
TheAdministrationmenuincludestheManageRolesoptionformanagingVMware Serverroles.SeeChapter 10,ManagingRolesandPermissions,onpage 201.
Viewing VMware Server and Virtual Machine Tasks

WhenyouclicktheTaskstabforthehostoravirtualmachine,VIWebAccessdisplays taskinformationforthathostorvirtualmachineintheworkspace. TheTaskstabdisplaysasortedlogofthemostrecentuserinitiatedtasks,suchasa requesttopoweronavirtualmachineortochangeavirtualmachineorhostsetting. Youcansorttasksbyclickingthecolumnheaders.Bydefault,tasksappearinreverse chronologicalorder. TheTaskstabfieldsaredescribedinthefollowingtable.
Field Triggered Status Object Name TriggeredBy Description Dateandtimetheeventoccurred. Indicatestaskssuccessorfailure. Theobjectonwhichthetaskwasperformed. Thenameofthetask,suchasPower on this Virtual Machine. Entitythattriggeredtheevent,suchasAdministrator.
SelectataskandclickViewDetailstoseeadditionalinformation.Theadditionalfields aredescribedinthefollowingtable.
Field TaskID Target Triggeredat Completedat Description Theidentifierforthetypeoftask. Thehostorvirtualmachinename. Thetimethatthetaskwasrequested. Thetimethatthetaskwascompleted.
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Viewing VMware Server and Virtual Machine Events

WhenyouclicktheEventstabforthehostoravirtualmachine,VIWebAccessdisplays eventinformationforthathostorvirtualmachineintheworkspace. TheEventstabdisplaysasortedlogofthemostrecenthostorvirtualmachine transactions,suchasaddinganewrole,andothereventslikepoweroperations. Youcansorteventsbyclickingthecolumnheaders.Bydefault,eventsappearinreverse chronologicalorder. TheEventstabfieldsaredescribedinthefollowingtable.
Field Triggered Severity Description Description Dateandtimetheeventoccurred. Indicatesthewarninglevel,suchasInformationorAlert. Textexplanationoftheevent.
SelectaneventandclickViewDetailstoseeadditionalinformation.Theadditional fieldsaredescribedinthefollowingtable.
Field Object TriggeredBy Type Message Description Theobjectonwhichthetaskwasperformed. Entitythattriggeredtheevent. Typeofeventthatoccurred. Textexplanationofaction.
Logging Out
LogoutofVIWebAccessbyclickingLogOutintheupperrightcornerofanypage.
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Creating and Upgrading Virtual Machines
Thischapterdescribeshowtocreateanewvirtualmachineandincludesthefollowing topics:

BeforeYouCreateaVirtualMachineonpage 59 UsingtheNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 65 InstallingtheGuestOperatingSystemonpage 68 UpdatingtheGuestOperatingSystemonpage 71 UpgradingtheVirtualMachineVersiononpage 72
Before You Create a Virtual Machine

TheNewVirtualMachinewizardguidesyouthroughthestepstocreateanewvirtual machine.Thissectionprovidesinformationtohelpyoudeterminewhichconfiguration choicesyouwanttomakebeforeyouruntheNewVirtualMachinewizard.
Virtual Machine Location

Thefilesthatmakeupavirtualmachinearecreatedinadatastore. AdefaultdatastorecalledstandardiscreatedwhenyouinstallVMwareServer,but youcanspecifyanyexistingdatastore.Toaddanewdatastore,seeAdding Datastoresonpage 110.
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Thedefaultlocationofvirtualmachinefilesinthestandarddatastoredependsonthe host:
Windowshosts:ThedefaultlocationofavirtualmachinecalledMy Windows XP is:

<installdrive>:\Virtual Machines\My Windows XP
Linuxhosts:ThedefaultlocationofavirtualmachinecalledMy Windows XPis:

/var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines/My Windows XP
Virtualmachineperformancemightbeslowerifyourdatastoreisonanetworkdrive. Forbestperformance,useadatastoreonalocaldrive.However,ifremoteusersneed accesstothevirtualmachine,considerplacingthevirtualmachinefilesinalocation thatisaccessibletothem.
Guest Operating System

Youmustspecifywhichtypeofguestoperatingsystemyouwanttoinstallinthevirtual machine.VMwareServerusesthisinformationto:

Selectappropriatedefaultvalues,suchastheamountofmemoryneeded Namefilesassociatedwiththevirtualmachine Adjustsettingsforoptimalperformance Workaroundspecialbehaviorsandknownissueswithinaguestoperatingsystem
SupportedguestoperatingsystemsarelistedinSupportedGuestOperatingSystems onpage 31. Donotinstalla64bitoperatingsystemifyouselecta32bitguestoperatingsystem type. Iftheoperatingsystemyouwanttouseisnotlisted,selectOtherandselecta32bitor 64bitsystem. NOTEVMwareServersupports64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyonhostcomputers withsupportedprocessors.ForthelistofprocessorsVMwareServersupportsfor64bit guestoperatingsystems,seeProcessorSupportfor64BitGuestOperatingSystems onpage 33.
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Chapter 4 Creating and Upgrading Virtual Machines
Product Compatibility (Virtual Machine Hardware Version)

IntheProductCompatibilitysectionoftheGuestOperatingSystempage,virtual machinehardwareversion7isthedefault.Ahardwareversion7virtualmachinecan usenewVMwareServer2features,including:
Upto8GBmemorypervirtualmachine,insteadofthepreviousmaximumof 3.6GB Uptotenvirtualnetworkadapters,insteadofthepreviousmaximumofthree TheabilitytoaddandremoveSCSIvirtualharddiskswhilethevirtualmachineis poweredon

IfyoumigrateavirtualmachinewithnewfeaturestoWorkstation6.x,allthelatest VMwareServer2featuresaresupported.However,youcannotmigratethevirtual machinetomostotherVMwareproducts. Ifyouselecthardwareversion4,thevirtualmachineiscompatiblewithmanyother VMwareproducts,includingWorkstation5and6,ESX3,andVMwareServer1and2. Formoreinformation,seetheVirtualMachineMobilityPlanningGuide.
Amount of Memory
OntheMemoryandProcessorspage,thememorysizeissettotheRecommendedSize bydefault.Therecommendedvalueisbasedontheselectedguestoperatingsystem andtheamountofmemoryinthehostcomputer. Forbestperformance,selectRecommendedMaximum.Optimalmemorysizeis determinedbyanumberoffactors,describedinAllocatingMemorytoaVirtual Machineonpage 277. Tominimizethehostmemoryresourcesallocatedtothisvirtualmachine,select RecommendedMinimum. NOTEDonotenteravaluelowerthantherecommendedminimumbecauseitcould preventtheguestoperatingsystemfromrunning. Themaximumamountofmemorypervirtualmachineis8GBforahardwareversion6 or7virtualmachine.Theamountofmemorythatcanbeusedbyallvirtualmachines combinedislimitedonlybytheamountofmemoryonthehostcomputer.
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Number of Processors
Multipleprocessorsaresupportedonlyforhostmachineswithatleasttwological processors. Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavemultiplelogicalprocessors:
MultiprocessorhostwithtwoormoreCPUs,regardlessofwhethertheyare multicoreorhavehyperthreadingenabled SingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU Singleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled

ForinformationaboutVMwareServersupportforVirtualSMP,seeUsingTwoWay VirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 278.
Hard Disk Type and Properties

OntheHardDiskpage,CreateaNewVirtualDiskisselectedbydefault.Whenyou createanewvirtualdisk,thewizarddisplaysthePropertiespage,fromwhichyoucan acceptorchangethedefaultvaluesfordiskcapacity,datastorelocation,fileallocation options,diskmode,virtualdevicenode,andcachingpolicysettings. Ifyouwanttoreuseorshareanexistingvirtualdisk,selectUseanExistingVirtual Disk.ThewizarddisplaysthePropertiespage,fromwhichyoucanbrowsetoavirtual disk(.vmdk)fileyoucreatedpreviously.Afteryouselecttheexistingdiskfileusingthe datastorebrowser,itscurrentpropertiesaredisplayed.Youcanmodifythediskmode, virtualdevicenode,andcachingpolicysettingsofanexistingdisk. Ifyoudonotneedtocreateavirtualdisk(forexample,ifyouplantouseabootableCD orPXEimagefile),selectDontAddaHardDisk.
Hard Disk Capacity Setting (New Disk Only)

Whencreatinganewvirtualdisk,specifyamaximumdisksizeinMBorGB.Setthe maximumsizetoavaluebetween1MBand950GB.
Hard Disk File Options Settings (New Disk Only)

Whencreatinganewvirtualdisk,youcanspecifywhetherspaceforthediskfilesis allocatedasneeded(calledagrowabledisk)orallocatedallatoncewhenthediskis created(calledapreallocateddisk). Bydefault,agrowablediskiscreated.Thediskfilesuselessdiskspaceinitiallyand growtotheirmaximumsizeonlyasadditionalspaceisneeded.However,ittakes longertowritedatatogrowabledisks.
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IfyouselectAllocatealldiskspacenow,alldiskspaceispreallocatedatthetimethe diskiscreated.Thisprovidesbetterperformanceforyourvirtualmachine.However, youcannotshrinkthedisklater. NOTEPreallocatingdiskspaceisatimeconsumingoperationthatcannotbecanceled andrequiresasmuchphysicaldiskspaceasyouspecifyforthevirtualdisk. YoucanalsoselectSplitdiskinto2GBfiles.Selectthisoptionifyourvirtualdiskis storedonafilesystemthatdoesnotsupportfileslargerthan2GB,suchasFAT16.
Virtual Device Disk Mode Settings

SelectwhethertorunthediskinIndependentMode.DisksinIndependentModeare notaffectedbysnapshots.SeeExcludingVirtualDisksfromSnapshotsonpage 198. IfyouselectIndependentMode,alsoselectoneofthefollowing:
PersistentDisksinpersistentmodebehavelikeconventionaldiskdriveson yourphysicalcomputer.Alldatawrittentoadiskinpersistentmodearewritten outpermanentlytothedisk. NonpersistentChangestodisksinnonpersistentmodearediscardedwhenyou powerofforresetthevirtualmachine.Nonpersistentmodeenablesyoutorestart thevirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskinthesamestateeverytime.Exampleuses includeprovidingknownenvironmentsforsoftwaretesting,technicalsupport, anddemonstratingsoftware.
Virtual Device Node Settings

Whencreatinganewvirtualdisk,thedefaultadaptertypeisbasedonyourselected guestoperatingsystem.Anavailabledevicenodeisalsoselected. VirtualdiskscanbeconfiguredasIDEdisksforanyguestoperatingsystem.Theycan beconfiguredasSCSIdisksforanyguestoperatingsystemthathasadriverforthe LSI LogicorBusLogicSCSIadapteravailableinavirtualmachine.ThecorrectSCSI adapterischosenbasedonyourselectedguestoperatingsystem. NOTETouseSCSIdisksina32bitWindowsXPguest,youneedaspecialSCSIdriver availablefromtheDownloadsectionoftheVMwareWebsiteat http://www.vmware.com/download.FollowtheinstructionsontheWebsitetousethe driverwithanewinstallationofWindowsXP.
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Eithertypeofvirtualdiskcanbestoredoneithertypeofphysicalharddisk.For example,thefilesthatmakeupanIDEvirtualdiskcanbestoredoneitheranIDEhard diskoraSCSIharddisk.Virtualdiskscanalsobestoredonothertypesoffastaccess storagemedia.
Hard Disk Write Caching Policy Setting

Thecachingpolicydetermineswhenchangesarewrittentodisk:

OptimizeforsafetySavesallchangestothevirtualdiskimmediately. OptimizeforperformanceAcknowledgeschangestothevirtualdisk immediately,butsavesthematalatertime.
Network Connection Type

Ifyouaddanetworkadapter,youcanselectanexistingvirtualnetwork. Foradefaultinstallationwithnocustomnetworks,youhavethefollowingoptions:
BridgedConfiguresyourvirtualmachineasauniqueidentityonthenetwork, separatefromandunrelatedtoitshost.Othercomputersonthenetworkcanthen communicatedirectlywiththevirtualmachine.Ifyourhostcomputerisona networkandyouhaveaseparateIPaddressforyourvirtualmachine(orcanget oneautomaticallyfromaDHCPserver),selectBridged. NATConfiguresyourvirtualmachinetosharetheIPandMACaddressesofthe host.Thevirtualmachinesharesthehostspublicnetworkidentity,andhasa privateidentitythatisnotvisiblebeyondthehost.NATcanbeusefulwhenyou areallowedasingleIPaddressorMACaddressbyyournetworkadministrator. YoumightalsouseNATtoconfigureseparatevirtualmachinesforhandlingHTTP andFTPrequests,withbothvirtualmachinesrunningoffthesameIPaddressor domain. HostOnlyConfiguresyouvirtualmachinetocommunicateonlywiththehost andothervirtualmachinesinthehostonlynetwork.Thiscanbeusefulwhenyou wantasecurevirtualmachinethatisconnectedtothehostnetwork,butavailable onlythroughthehostmachine.Inthisconfiguration,thevirtualmachinecannot connecttotheInternet. Tocustomizeyourvirtualnetwork,seeChapter 11,ConfiguringaVirtual Network,onpage 211.
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Using the New Virtual Machine Wizard

Whenyoucreateanewvirtualmachine,theresultisasetoffilesthatrepresentanew computer.IfyouarenotusingabootableCDorPXEimagefile,thevirtualmachine includesablank,unformattedharddiskthevirtualdiskintowhichyouinstallthe guestoperatingsystem. NOTEBeforeyoucreatethevirtualmachine,checktheinstallationnotesfortheguest operatingsystemyouintendtoinstall.Youcanfindthisinformationinthe VMware GuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideat http://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/. To create a new virtual machine 1 InyourWebbrowser,entertheURLofyourVMwareServerinstallation:
http://<host name>/
Ifyouarenotusingport80toconnecttoVMwareServer,youmustincludetheport numberyouspecifiedduringinstallationintheconnectionURL,forexample:
http://<host name>:8222
Whenyouconnectremotely,youareautomaticallyredirectedtothesecurehttp (https)port. TheVI WebAccessloginpageappears. 2 3 4 Enteryourusernameandpassword,andclickLogIn. IntheCommandssectionofthehostworkspace,clickCreateVirtualMachine. OntheNameandLocationpage,enterthenameofthevirtualmachine. Thenameyouenterhereisusedinthevirtualmachineinventorylist.Asubfolder withthisnameisalsocreatedinthedatastoretostoreallthefilesassociatedwith thisvirtualmachine. 5 AlsoontheNameandLocationpage,selectadatastorefromthelistofexisting datastoresandclickOK. Formoreinformation,seeVirtualMachineLocationonpage 59. 6 7 ClickNext. OntheGuestOperatingSystempage,selectthetypeofoperatingsystemthatyou intendtoinstallinthenewvirtualmachine,andselecttheoperatingsystem versionfromthedropdownmenu. Formoreinformation,seeGuestOperatingSystemonpage 60.
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(Optional)AlsoontheGuestOperatingSystempage,expandtheProduct Compatibilityheadingtoselectthevirtualmachineproductcompatibilitylevel. Formoreinformation,seeProductCompatibility(VirtualMachineHardware Version)onpage 61.
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ClickNext. OntheMemoryandProcessorspage,youcanadjustthememorysettingsoraccept therecommendedsize. Inmostcases,itisbesttokeepthedefaultmemorysetting.Ifyouplantousethe virtualmachinetorunmanyapplicationsorapplicationsthatneedlargeamounts ofmemory,youmightwanttouseahighermemorysetting.Formoreinformation, seeAmountofMemoryonpage 61.
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AlsoontheMemoryandProcessorspage,selectthenumberofprocessorsforthe virtualmachine. Formoreinformation,seeNumberofProcessorsonpage 62.
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ClickNext. OntheHardDiskpage,selectoneofthefollowing:
CreateaNewVirtualDiskSelecttoaddanewblankharddisktoyour virtualmachine. ThewizarddisplaysthePropertiespageforyoutoenterthediskcapacity, datastore,fileallocationoptions,diskmode,virtualdeviceadaptertypeand node,andcachingpolicysettings.Makeanyrequiredchangestothedefault valuesonthePropertiespage,andclickNext.Fordetailedinformationabout settingsyoucanconfigureonthePropertiespage,seeHardDiskTypeand Propertiesonpage 62.
UseanExistingVirtualDiskSelecttoreuseorshareavirtualharddisk thathasalreadybeencreated. ThewizarddisplaysthePropertiespageforyoutoenterthepathorbrowseto theexistingvirtualdisk(.vmdk)file.Selectthevirtualdisktoviewthe capacityandfileallocationoptions,whichcannotbechanged.Youcanmodify thediskmode,virtualdevicenode,andcachingpolicysettings.Makeany requiredchangestothedefaultvaluesonthePropertiespage,andclickNext. FordetailedinformationaboutsettingsyoucanconfigureontheProperties page,seeHardDiskTypeandPropertiesonpage 62.
DontAddaVirtualDiskSelectonlyifyoucanuseabootableCDorPXE imagefileanddonotneedaharddisktoinstalltheoperatingsystem.
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OntheNetworkAdapterpage,selectwhethertoaddanetworkadapter.
AddaNetworkAdapterSelecttoaddanetworktoyourvirtualmachine. ThewizarddisplaysthePropertiespage.Selectthevirtualnetworkforthe virtualmachinefromthedropdownmenuofexistingnetworks. Optionally,deselectConnectatPowerOnifyoudonotwantthisnetworkto beconnectedwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon. ClickNext.
DontAddaNetworkAdapterYoucancreateavirtualmachinewithout networking,oraddavirtualnetworklater.
Formoreinformation,seeNetworkConnectionTypeonpage 64. 15 OntheReadytoCompletepage:

ClickBackornavigateusingthePagespaneltomakechanges. ExpandtheMoreHardwareheadingtoaddmorehardwaretothevirtual machinebeforeyoufinishcreatingit:

Toaddaharddisk,seeAddingaHardDisktoaVirtualMachineon page 144. Toaddanetworkadapter,seeAddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtual Machineonpage 223. ToaddaCD/DVDdrive,seeAddingaCD/DVDDrivetoaVirtual Machineonpage 151. Toaddafloppydrive,seeAddingaFloppyDrivetoaVirtualMachine onpage 154. Toaddapassthrough(generic)SCSIdevice,seeAddingaPassthrough (Generic)SCSIDevicetoaVirtualMachineonpage 157. ToaddaUSBcontroller(onepervirtualmachine),seeAddingaUSB ControllertoaVirtualMachineonpage 159. Toaddasoundadapter(onepervirtualmachine),seeAddingaSound AdaptertoaVirtualMachineonpage 165. Toaddaserialport,seeAddingaSerialPorttoaVirtualMachineon page 166. Toaddaparallelport,seeAddingaParallelPorttoaVirtualMachine onpage 177.
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Eachtimeyoufinishaddinganewdevice,youreturntotheReadyto Completepage.
Ifyouwanttopoweronthevirtualmachineimmediatelyaftercreatingit, selectPoweronyourvirtualmachinenow. ClickFinishtocreatethevirtualmachinewiththelistedhardware. Thewizardcreatesthefilesandhardwareforyourvirtualmachine.
Afterthevirtualmachineiscreated,continuewithInstallingtheGuestOperating Systemonpage 68. Youcanmakechangestotheconfigurationofanexistingvirtualmachinefromthe HardwareandCommandssectionsoftheVIWebAccessvirtualmachineworkspace.
Installing the Guest Operating System

Anewvirtualmachineislikeaphysicalcomputerwithablankharddisk.Beforeyou canuseit,youneedtopartitionandformatthevirtualdiskandinstallanoperating system.Theoperatingsystemsinstallationprogrammighthandlethepartitioningand formattingstepsforyou. NOTEIfyouplantouseaPXEservertoinstalltheguestoperatingsystemovera networkconnection,youdonotneedtheoperatingsysteminstallationmedia.When youpoweronthevirtualmachine,thevirtualmachinedetectsthePXEserver. Installingaguestoperatingsysteminsideyourvirtualmachineisessentiallythesame asinstallingitonaphysicalcomputer. Insomehostconfigurations,thevirtualmachinecannotbootfromtheinstallationCD. YoucanworkaroundthatproblembycreatinganISOimagefromtheinstallationCD andinstallingfromtheISOimage.Thissectiondescribesbothinstallationprocedures. Forinformationaboutyourspecificguestoperatingsystem,seetheVMwareGuest OperatingSystemInstallationGuide,availablefromtheVMwareWebsite. NOTEVMwareServersupports64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyonhostmachines withsupportedprocessors.ForthelistofprocessorsVMwareServersupportsfor64bit guestoperatingsystems,seeProcessorSupportfor64BitGuestOperatingSystems onpage 33.
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To install a guest operating system from an installation CD 1 2 3 4 5 LogintoVIWebAccess. Selectthevirtualmachineintowhichyouareinstallingtheguestoperatingsystem fromtheInventorypanel. InserttheinstallationCDforyourguestoperatingsystem. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheCD/DVDdrivesiconand selectEdit. SelectHostMediatoconfigureaphysicaldriveonthehostsystem. IfyouwanttouseaCD/DVDdriveonaclientsystem,selectClientMediaanduse VMwareRemoteConsoletoselectandconnectordisconnecttheclientdevice.See ConnectingandDisconnectingClientDevicesonpage 132.InVI WebAccess, youcanonlychangethedevicenodeforclientdevices,asdescribedinEditinga VirtualHardDiskonpage 145. 6 7 8 SelectConnectatpoweron. SelectPhysicalDrive. EnterthelocationofthedriveinthePhysicalDrivetextbox. Forexample,d:(Windows)or/dev/cdrom(Linux). 9 10 11 12 SelecttheSCSIorIDEdevicenodeintheVirtualDeviceNodesection. ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. ClickPowerOntopoweronyourvirtualmachine. ClicktheConsoletabtocompletetheguestoperatingsysteminstallationusing VMwareRemoteConsole. Followtheinstructionsprovidedbytheoperatingsystemvendor. NOTEYoumightneedtochangethebootorderinthevirtualmachineBIOSso thatthevirtualmachinewillattempttobootfromtheCD/DVDdevicebefore tryingotherbootdevices.Tochangethebootorder,configurethevirtualmachine toentertheBIOSsetuputilitywhenitboots,asdescribedinChangingVirtual MachinePowerSettingsonpage 125,orpressF2whenpromptedduringvirtual machinestartup. 13 InstallVMwareTools,asdescribedinInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 76.
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To install a guest operating system from an ISO image 1 2 3 4 LogintoVIWebAccess. Selectthevirtualmachineintowhichyouareinstallingtheguestoperatingsystem fromtheInventorypanel. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheCD/DVDdrivesiconand selectEdit. SelectHostMediatoconfigureanISOimagefileonthehostsystem. IfyouwanttouseanISOimagefileonaclientsystem,selectClientMediaanduse VMwareRemoteConsoletoselectandconnectordisconnecttheclientdevice.See ConnectingandDisconnectingClientDevicesonpage 132.InVI WebAccess, youcanonlychangethedevicenodeforclientdevices,asdescribedinEditinga VirtualHardDiskonpage 145. 5 6 SelectConnectatpoweron. SelectISOImage. ClickBrowsetonavigatetoafilewiththe.isoextensioninanexistingdatastore. Ifyouenterthepathmanually,youmustusetheformat:
[ datastore_name ] path_and_filename.iso
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SelecttheSCSIorIDEdevicenodeintheVirtualDeviceNodesection. ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. ClickPowerOntopoweronyourvirtualmachine. ClicktheConsoletabtocompletetheguestoperatingsysteminstallationusing VMwareRemoteConsole. Followtheinstructionsprovidedbytheoperatingsystemvendor. NOTEYoumightneedtochangethebootorderinthevirtualmachineBIOSso thatthevirtualmachinewillattempttobootfromtheCD/DVDdevicebefore tryingotherbootdevices.Tochangethebootorder,configurethevirtualmachine toentertheBIOSsetuputilitywhenitboots,asdescribedinChangingVirtual MachinePowerSettingsonpage 125,orpressF2whenpromptedduringvirtual machinestartup.
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IftheISOimagespansmultiplefiles,whenyouarepromptedtoinsertthenextCD: a b c d e f g ClicktheSummarytab. IntheHardwaresection,edittheCDsettingsbyclickingtheCD/DVDdrives iconandchoosingEdit. BrowsetothelocationofthenextISOimagefile,andkeepallotherselections astheyare. ClickOK. ClicktheConsoletabtoreturntoVMwareRemoteConsole. Intheguestoperatingsystem,clickOKorotherwiserespondtotheprompt sothatinstallationcancontinue. Repeatthisprocessforadditionalfiles.
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InstallVMwareTools,asdescribedinInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 76.
Updating the Guest Operating System

WhenyouusetheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine,youspecify theguestoperatingsystemtypeandversion.VMwareServerchoosesvirtualmachine configurationdefaultsbasedontheguesttypeandversionyouselect. Whenyouwanttoupgradeaguestoperatingsystemtoanewerversion,youmustdo bothofthefollowing:
Updatethevirtualmachineinformationabouttheguestoperatingsystemtype andversion,asdescribedinthissection. Followtheinstructionsprovidedbytheoperatingsystemvendortoupdatethe guestoperatingsystem.
To update configuration information about the guest operating system 1 2 3 InVIWebAccess,selectthevirtualmachinefromtheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheCommandssectionoftheworkspace,clickConfigureVM.
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IntheGuestOperatingSystemsectionoftheGeneraltab,selectthenewguest operatingsystemtypeandversion. Thesettingyouspecifyhereiswrittentothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile. NOTEThissettingdoesnotchangetheguestoperatingsystemitself.
Poweronthevirtualmachine.
To update the guest operating system 1 2 Followtheinstructionsprovidedbytheoperatingsystemvendortoupdatethe guestoperatingsystem. Aftertheguestoperatingsystemisinstalled,usethestandardtoolswithinthe operatingsystemtoconfigureitssettings.
Upgrading the Virtual Machine Version

IfyoucreatedvirtualmachineswithanearlierversionofVMwareServeroranother VMwareproduct,youcanupgradethevirtualmachineversionsothatyoucantake advantageofnewVMwareServer2features,suchasincreasedmaximummemoryper virtualmachine. IfavirtualmachinewithnewfeaturesismigratedtoWorkstation6,allthelatest VMwareServer2featuresaresupported.However,youcannotmigratethevirtual machinetomostotherVMwareproducts. Formoreinformation,seeProductCompatibility(VirtualMachineHardware Version)onpage 61. To upgrade the virtual machine version 1 2 3 4 InVIWebAccess,selectthevirtualmachinefromtheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ClickUpgradeVirtualMachineintheStatussectionoftheworkspace. ClickOKtoconfirmthatyouwanttoupgradethevirtualmachine.
Afterthevirtualmachineversionisupdated,youcanconfigureittousethefeatures supportedwiththenewversion.
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Installing and Using VMware Tools
Thischapterdiscusseshowtoinstall,upgrade,andrunVMwareTools.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics:

ComponentsofVMwareToolsonpage 73 InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 76 UpdatingVMwareToolsonpage 90 UninstallingVMwareToolsonpage 91 RepairingorChangingVMwareToolsonpage 91 UsingtheVMwareToolsControlPanelonpage 91 CustomizingVMwareToolsonpage 97 UsingtheVMwareToolsCommandLineInterfaceonpage 104
Components of VMware Tools

VMwareToolsisasuiteofutilitiesthatenhancestheperformanceofthevirtual machinesguestoperatingsystemandimprovesmanagementofthevirtualmachine. AlthoughtheguestoperatingsystemcanrunwithoutVMwareTools,youlose importantfunctionalityandconvenience. VMwareToolsincludesthefollowingcomponents:

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VMwareToolsservice VMwaredevicedrivers VMwareUserprocess VMwareToolscontrolpanel

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VMware Tools Service

TheprogramfileiscalledVMwareService.exeonWindowsguestoperatingsystems andvmware-guestdonLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests. Thisserviceperformsvariousdutieswithintheguestoperatingsystem:

Passesmessagesfromthehostoperatingsystemtotheguestoperatingsystem. Executescommandsintheoperatingsystemtocleanlyshutdownorrestarta Linux,FreeBSD,orSolarissystemwhenyouselectpoweroperationsin VMware Server. SendsaheartbeattoVMwareServer. OnWindowsguests,allowsthemousecursortomovefreelybetweentheguest andhostoperatingsystems. OnWindowsguests,matchestheguestsscreenresolutiontothehostsscreen resolutionandthereverse. Synchronizesthetimeintheguestoperatingsystemwiththetimeinthehost operatingsystem. Runsscriptsthathelpautomateguestoperatingsystemoperations.Thescriptsrun whenthevirtualmachinespowerstatechanges.

Theservicestartswhentheguestoperatingsystemboots. TheVMwareToolsserviceisnotinstalledonNetWareoperatingsystems.Instead,the vmwtoolprogramisinstalled.ItsynchronizestimeandallowsyoutoturntheCPU idleronoroff.
VMware Device Drivers

Thesedevicedriversinclude:
SVGAdisplaydriverthatprovideshighdisplayresolutionandsignificantlyfaster overallgraphicsperformance. Thevmxnetnetworkingdriverforsomeguestoperatingsystems. BusLogicSCSIdriverforsomeguestoperatingsystems. VMwaremousedriver.

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Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools
Akernelmoduleforhandlingsharedfolders,calledhgfs.sysonWindowsand vmhgfsonLinuxandSolaris.VMwareServerdoesnotsupportsharedfolders.The moduleisincludedforproductcompatibility. TheVirtualMachineCommunicationInterface(VMCI)driverforcreating clientserverapplicationsthatareoptimizedforfastandefficientcommunication betweenvirtualmachines.
VMware User Process

TheprogramfileiscalledVMwareUser.exeonWindowsguestsandvmware-useron Linux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguests. Thisserviceperformsthefollowingtaskswithintheguestoperatingsystem:
Enablesyoutocopyandpasteupto64Kofplaintextbetweentheguestandhost operatingsystems. OnLinuxandSolarisguests,grabsandreleasesthemousecursorwhentheSVGA driverisnotinstalled. OnLinuxandSolarisguests,matchestheguestsscreenresolutiontothehosts screen.
ThisprocessstartswhenyoubeginanX11session.Touseadifferentmechanismto starttheprocess,seeStartingtheVMwareUserProcessManuallyIfYouDoNotUse aSessionManageronUNIXonpage 89. TheVMwareToolsuserprocessisnotinstalledonNetWareoperatingsystems.Instead, thevmwtoolprogramisinstalled.Itcontrolsthegrabbingandreleasingofthemouse cursor.Italsoallowsyoucopyandpastetext.
VMware Tools Control Panel

TheVMwareToolscontrolpanelletsyoumodifysettings,shrinkvirtualdisks,and connectanddisconnectvirtualdevices.SeeUsingtheVMwareToolsControlPanel onpage 91.
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Installing VMware Tools

TheinstallersforVMwareToolsforWindows,Linux,FreeBSD,Solaris,andNetWare guestoperatingsystemsareinstalledwithVMwareServerasISOimagefiles.When youclickInstallVMwareToolsorUpgradeVMwareToolsintheStatussectionofthe virtualmachineSummarytabinVIWebAccess,VMwareServertemporarilyconnects thevirtualmachinesfirstvirtualCD/DVDdrivetothecorrectISOimagefileforthe guestoperatingsystem. ClickthecommandtoinstallorupgradeVMwareTools.Theinstallationprocedure variesdependingontheoperatingsystem.
Manually Installing VMware Tools in a Windows Guest System

VMwareToolsissupportedonallWindowsguestoperatingsystems. BeforeyouclicktheInstallVMwareToolscommandtoinstallVMwareTools,perform thefollowingtasks,asnecessary:
IfyouarerunningVMwareServeronaWindowshostandyourvirtualmachine hasonlyoneCD/DVDdrive,makesurethattheCD/DVDdriveisconfiguredasan IDEorSCSICD/DVDdrive.ItcannotbeconfiguredasagenericSCSIdevice.If necessary,addanIDEorSCSICD/DVDdrivetothevirtualmachine.SeeAdding aCD/DVDDrivetoaVirtualMachineonpage 151. MakesurethatthevirtualCD/DVDdriveisconfiguredtoautodetectaphysical drive.ThistaskisnecessaryifyouconnectedthevirtualmachinesCD/DVDdrive toanISOimagefilewhenyouinstalledtheoperatingsystem.Changethe connectionfromtheISOimagetoautodetectaphysicaldrive. WhenyouinstallVMwareTools,makesurethatthevirtualmachineispowered on. IftheguestoperatingsystemisaWindowsNT,Windows2000,WindowsXP, WindowsServer2003,orWindowsVistaoperatingsystem,loginasan administrator.AnyusercaninstallVMwareToolsinaWindows 95,Windows98, orWindowsMeguestoperatingsystem.
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To install or upgrade VMware Tools in a Windows guest operating system 1 InVIWebAccess,clickInstallVMwareToolsintheStatussectionofthevirtual machineSummarytab. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,clickUpgradeVMwareTools. 2 ClicktheConsoletab. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. Dependingonwhetherautorunisenabledintheguestoperatingsystem,oneof thefollowingoccurs:
Ifautorunisenabledintheguestoperatingsystem,adialogboxappearsafter afewsecondsaskingwhetheryouwanttoinstallVMwareTools. Ifautorunisnotenabled,thedialogboxdoesnotappearautomatically.Click Start>RunandenterD:\setup\setup.exe,whereD:isyourfirstvirtual CD/DVDdrive.
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ClickYestolaunchtheInstallShieldwizard. Followtheonscreeninstructions. OnsomeWindowsoperatingsystems,aftertheSVGAdriverisinstalled,youare promptedtoreboottousethisnewdriver.
Rebootthevirtualmachineifnecessary.
Tochangethedefaultconfigurationoptions,seeUsingtheVMwareToolsControl Panelonpage 91.
Configuring the Video Driver on Older Versions of Windows

IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsinavirtualmachinethathasaWindowsNT, WindowsMe,Windows98,orWindows95operatingsystem,youmightneedto configurethevideodrivermanually.WhenyouclickFinishintheVMwareTools installationwizard,amessageappearsindicatingthatVMwareToolsfailedtoinstall theSVGAdriver. ANotebookwindow,theDisplayProperties/Settingsdialogbox,andamessagebox appear,promptingyoutorebootthemachine.
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To configure the video driver on older versions of Windows 1 2 Whenyouarepromptedtoreboot,clickNo. FollowtheinstructionsintheNotebookfile. Theinstructionsarespecifictoeachoperatingsystem.Theyprovidestepsfor selectingtheVMwareSVGAdriver,usuallyintheDisplayProperties/Settings dialogbox,andinstallingitfromtheVMwareToolsISOimage. TheEnglishversionoftheinstructionsfromtheNotebookfilearereprintedin KnowledgeBasearticle1001819attheVMwareWebsite.
Automating the Installation of VMware Tools in a Windows Guest

IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsinanumberofWindowsvirtualmachines,youcan automatetheinstallationusingtheMicrosoftWindowsInstallerruntimeengine. MakesurethattheMicrosoftWindowsInstallerruntimeengineversion2.0orhigheris installedintheguestoperatingsystem. Version2.0orhigherisincludedwithnewerversionsofWindows.Ifyouareinstalling VMwareToolsinolderWindowsguestoperatingsystems,checktheversionofthe %WINDIR%\system32\msiexec.exefile. Ifthefileversionisnot2.0orhigher,upgradetheenginebyrunninginstmsiw.exe (instmsia.exeforWindows95orWindows98guests),whichisincludedwiththe VMwareToolsinstaller. FormoreinformationaboutusingtheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller,including commandlineoptions,gototheWindowsInstallerpageontheMSDNWebsite: http://msdn2.microsoft.com/enus/library/aa367449.aspx. To automate the installation of VMware Tools in a Windows guest 1 MakesurethatthevirtualmachinesCD/DVDdriveisconnectedtothe VMware ToolsISOimageandthatitisconfiguredtoconnectwheneveryoupower onthevirtualmachine: a b c d e
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Selectthevirtualmachine. IntheHardwaresectionofthevirtualmachineSummarytab,clickthe CD/DVDdrivetomodifyandselectEdit. IntheDevicestatussection,selecttheConnectatpoweroncheckbox. IntheConnectionsection,selectISOImageandbrowsetothewindows.iso file,locatedinthedirectorywhereyouinstalledVMwareServer. ClickOK.

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(Optional)Intheguestoperatingsystem,suppresspromptsaboutinstalling unsigneddrivers. IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsfromabetaorRC(releasecandidate)versionof VMwareServer,youareaskedtoconfirmtheinstallationofunsigneddrivers. Followthesestepstosuppresstheseconfirmationprompts. ForallWindowssystemsexceptWindowsVista: a b c d OnthevirtualmachinesdesktoporStartmenu,rightclickMyComputerand selectProperties. ClicktheHardwaretabandclickDriverSigning. IntheDriverSigningOptionsdialogbox,clickIgnoreandclickOK. ClickOKintheSystemPropertiesdialogbox.
ForWindowsVista: a b c d 3 OntheStartmenu,rightclickComputerandselectProperties. ClickAdvancedsystemsettings>Hardware>WindowsUpdateDriver Settings. ClickNevercheckfordriverswhenIconnectanewdeviceandclickOK. ClickOKintheSystemPropertiesdialogbox.
Openacommandpromptandusethefollowingcommandtoinstallsomeorallof theVMwareToolscomponents:
msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL [REMOVE=<component>] /qn
Inthiscommand,youcanoptionallyuse REMOVE=<component>ifyoudonot wanttoinstallaparticularcomponent:

ToolboxVMwareToolscontrolpanelanditsutilities.Excludingthis featurepreventsyoufromusingVMwareToolsintheguestoperatingsystem. VMwaredoesnotrecommendexcludingthisfeature. DriversIncludestheSVGA,mouse,BusLogic,andvmxnetdrivers.

SVGAVMwareSVGAdriver.Excludingthisfeaturelimitsthedisplay capabilitiesofyourvirtualmachine. MouseVMwaremousedriver.Excludingthisfeaturedecreasesmouse performanceinyourvirtualmachine.
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BuslogicVMwareBusLogicdriver.Ifyourvirtualmachineis configuredtousetheLSILogicdriver,youmightwanttoremovethis feature. VMXNetVMwarevmxnetnetworkingdriver.

MemCtlVMwarememorycontroldriver.Recommendedifyouplantouse thisvirtualmachinewithESX.Excludingthisfeaturehindersthememory managementcapabilitiesofthevirtualmachinerunningonanESXsystem. HgfsVMwaresharedfoldersdriver.Thesharedfoldersfeatureisnot supportedinVMwareServer.Recommendedifyouplantousethisvirtual machinewithWorkstationoranotherproductthatsupportssharedfolders.
Forexample,toinstalleverythingbutthesharedfoldersdriver,typethefollowing command:
msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL REMOVE=Hgfs /qn
TheSVGA,Mouse,BusLogic,VMXnet,andMemCtlfeaturesarechildrenofthe Driversfeature.Thismeansthatthefollowingcommandskipsinstallationofthe SVGA,mouse,BusLogic,vmxnet,andMemCtldrivers:

msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL REMOVE=Drivers /qn
Toincludeafeature,useitwiththeADDLOCALoption.Toexcludeafeature,use itwiththeREMOVEoption.
Installing VMware Tools in a Linux Guest System

OnaLinuxguest,youcaninstallVMwareToolswithinXorfromthecommandline.
Installing VMware Tools in a Linux Guest Within X Using the RPM Installer
YoucanuseagraphicaluserinterfacetoinstallVMwareToolsinaLinuxguest.For informationabouthowtoinstallVMwareToolfromthecommandline,seeInstalling VMwareToolsfromtheCommandLinewiththeTarorRPMInstalleronpage 82. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguest operatingsystemisrunning.
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To install VMware Tools in a Linux Guest Within X Using the RPM Installer 1 InVIWebAccess,clickInstallVMwareToolsintheStatussectionofthevirtual machineSummarytab. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,clickUpgradeVMwareTools. 2 ClicktheConsoletab. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. TheguestoperatingsystemmountstheVMwareToolsinstallationvirtualCD.A windowmanagerdisplayingtwofilesmightappear.OnefileisfortheRPM installerandoneisforthetarinstaller.Alternatively,aVMwareToolsCDicon mightappearonthedesktop. 3 Dooneofthefollowing:
IfyouseeaVMwareToolsCDicononthedesktop,doubleclickit,andafter itopens,doubleclicktheRPMinstallerintherootoftheCDROM. Ifyouseeafilemanagerwindow,doubleclicktheRPMinstallerfile.
InsomeLinuxdistributions,theVMwareToolsCDiconmightfailtoappear.In thiscase,installVMwareToolsfromthecommandline,asdescribedinInstalling VMwareToolsfromtheCommandLinewiththeTarorRPMInstalleronpage 82. 4 Whenprompted,entertherootpasswordandclickOK. Theinstallerpreparesthepackages. 5 ClickContinuewhentheinstallerpresentsadialogboxthatshowsCompleted SystemPreparation. Whentheinstallerisdone,noconfirmationwindoworfinishbuttonappears,but VMwareToolsisinstalled. 6 InanXterminal,asroot(su),runthescripttoconfigureVMwareTools:
vmware-config-tools.pl
Respondtothequestionsdisplayedonthescreen.PressEntertoacceptthedefault value. 7 Exitfromtherootaccount:

exit
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InanXterminal,starttheVMwareUserprocess:
vmware-user
(Optional)TostarttheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-toolbox &
TochangethedefaultVMwareToolsconfigurationoptions,seeUsingtheVMware ToolsControlPanelonpage 91. YoucanrunVMwareToolsasrootorasanormaluser.Toshrinkvirtualdisksorto changeanyVMwareToolsscripts,youmustrunVMwareToolsasroot.
Installing VMware Tools from the Command Line with the Tar or RPM Installer
YoucaninstallVMwareToolsfromthecommandlineinaLinuxguest.Forinformation abouthowtoinstallVMwareToolfromagraphicaluserinterface,seeInstalling VMwareToolsinaLinuxGuestWithinXUsingtheRPMInstalleronpage 80. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredonandthattheguest operatingsystemisrunning. To install VMware Tools from the command line with the tar or RPM installer 1 InVIWebAccess,clickInstallVMwareToolsintheStatussectionofthevirtual machineSummarytab. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,clickUpgradeVMwareTools. 2 ClicktheConsoletab. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. 3 4 Intheguest,loginasroot(su). Ifnecessary,mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimagebyenteringa commandsimilartothefollowing:
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
SomeLinuxdistributionsautomaticallymountCDROMs.Ifyourdistribution usesautomounting,youcanskipthisstep. SomeLinuxdistributionsusedifferentdevicenamesororganizethe/dev directorydifferently.IfyourCDROMdriveisnot/dev/cdromorifthemount pointforaCDROMisnot/mnt/cdrom,modifythecommandtoreflectthe conventionsusedbyyourdistribution.
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Changetoaworkingdirectorybyenteringacommandsuchasthefollowing:
cd /tmp
Ifapreviousinstallationexists,deletethepreviousvmware-tools-distrib directorybeforeinstalling. Thelocationofthisdirectorydependsonwhereyouplaceditduringtheprevious installation.Oftenitisplacedin:

/tmp/vmware-tools-distrib
RuntheinstallerandunmounttheCDROMimage. DependingonwhetheryouareusingthetarinstallerortheRPMinstaller,doone ofthefollowing:

Forthetarinstaller,atthecommandprompt,enter:
tar zxpf /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-<xxxx>.tar.gz umount /dev/cdrom
Where<xxxx>isthebuildnumberoftheproductrelease.
FortheRPMinstaller,atthecommandprompt,enter:
rpm -Uhv /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-<xxxx>.i386.rpm umount /dev/cdrom
Where<xxxx>isthebuildnumberoftheproductrelease. IfyourLinuxdistributionautomaticallymountedtheCDROMs,youdonotneed tousetheunmountportionofthecommand. IfyouattempttoinstallanRPMinstallationoveratarinstallationorthereverse, theinstallerdetectsthepreviousinstallationandmustconverttheinstaller databaseformatbeforecontinuing. 8 ConfigureVMwareTools. DependingonwhetheryouareusingthetarinstallerortheRPMinstaller,doone ofthefollowing:

Forthetarinstaller,enterthefollowingcommandstoruntheinstaller:
cd vmware-tools-distrib ./vmware-install.pl
Respondtothequestionsthecommandlinewizarddisplays.PressEnterto acceptthedefaultvalues.Theconfigurationfile,vmware-config-tools.pl, runsaftertheinstallerfilefinishesrunning.
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FortheRPMinstaller,enterthefollowingcommandtoruntheconfiguration file:
vmware-config-tools.pl
Respondtothequestionsthecommandlinewizarddisplays.PressEnterto acceptthedefaultvalues. 9 Logoutoftherootaccount.

exit
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(Optional)Startyourgraphicalenvironment. InanXterminal,tostarttheVMwareUserprocess,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-user
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vmware-toolbox &
TochangethedefaultVMwareToolsconfigurationoptions,seeUsingthe VMwareToolsControlPanelonpage 91. YoucanrunVMwareToolsasrootorasanormaluser.Toshrinkvirtualdisksor tochangeanyVMwareToolsscripts,youmustrunVMwareToolsasroot.
Installing VMware Tools in a Solaris Guest System

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredonandthattheguest operatingsystemisrunning. To install VMware Tools in a Solaris guest operating system 1 InVIWebAccess,clickInstallVMwareToolsintheStatussectionofthevirtual machineSummarytab. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,clickUpgradeVMwareTools. 2 ClicktheConsoletab. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. 3 Intheguest,loginasroot(su).
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Ifnecessary,mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage. Usually,theSolarisvolumemanagervoldmountstheCDROMunder /cdrom/vmwaretools.IftheCDROMisnotmounted,restartthevolume managerusingthefollowingcommands:

/etc/init.d/volmgt stop /etc/init.d/volmgt start
AftertheCDROMismounted,changetoaworkingdirectory(forexample,/tmp) andextractVMwareToolsbyenteringthefollowingcommands:
cd /tmp gunzip -c /cdrom/vmwaretools/vmware-solaris-tools.tar.gz | tar xf -
RuntheVMwareToolstarinstaller:
Respondtotheconfigurationquestionsonthescreen.PressEntertoacceptthe defaultvalues. 7 Logoutoftherootaccount:

exit
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vmware-user
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vmware-toolbox &
TochangethedefaultVMwareToolsconfigurationoptions,seeUsingtheVMware ToolsControlPanelonpage 91. YoucanrunVMwareToolsasrootorasanormaluser.Toshrinkvirtualdisksorchange VMwareToolsscripts,youmustrunVMwareToolsasroot.
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Installing VMware Tools in a FreeBSD Guest System

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredonandthattheguest operatingsystemisrunning. To install VMware Tools in a FreeBSD guest operating system 1 InVIWebAccess,clickInstallVMwareToolsintheStatussectionofthevirtual machineSummarytab. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,clickUpgradeVMwareTools. 2 ClicktheConsoletab. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. 3 Makesurethattheguestoperatingsystemisrunningintextmode. YoucannotinstallVMwareToolswhileXisrunning. 4 5 Intheguest,loginasroot(su). Ifnecessary,mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimagebyenteringa commandsimilartothefollowing:
mount /cdrom
SomeFreeBSDdistributionsautomaticallymountCDROMs.Ifyourdistribution usesautomounting,skipthisstep. 6 Changetoaworkingdirectorybyenteringacommandsuchasthefollowing:

cd /tmp
UntartheVMwareToolstarfile:
tar zxpf /cdrom/vmware-freebsd-tools.tar.gz
Ifnecessary,unmounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimagebyenteringa commandsimilartothefollowing:
umount /cdrom
Ifyourdistributionusesautomounting,skipthisstep. 9 RuntheVMwareToolsinstaller:
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Logoutoftherootaccount:
exit
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vmware-user
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InminimalinstallationsoftheFreeBSD4.5guestoperatingsystem,sometimes VMwareToolsdoesnotstart.SeeInstalltheMissingFreeBSDLibraryon page 87. TochangethedefaultVMwareToolsconfigurationoptions,seeUsingtheVMware ToolsControlPanelonpage 91. YoucanrunVMwareToolsasrootorasanormaluser.Toshrinkvirtualdisksorchange VMwareToolsscripts,youmustrunVMwareToolsasroot.
Install the Missing FreeBSD Library

IfVMwareToolsdoesnotstartafteryouinstallit,youmightneedtoinstallalibrary thatismissingbecauseyoudonothaveafullinstallationofFreeBSD4.5. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatyouhavetheFreeBSD4.5installationCDoraccessto theISOimagefile. To install the missing FreeBSD library 1 2 Reboottheguestoperatingsystem. Intheguest,inanXterminal,enterthefollowingcommandtostartthe VMware Toolscontrolpanel:
vmware-toolbox &
Ifthefollowingerrormessageappears,therequiredlibrarywasnotinstalled:
Shared object 'libc.so.3' not found.
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InsertandmounttheFreeBSD4.5installationCDoraccesstheISOimagefile. Changedirectoriesandruntheinstallationscript:
cd /cdrom/compat3x ./install.sh
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Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest System

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredonandthattheguest operatingsystemisrunning. To install VMware Tools in a NetWare guest operating system 1 InVIWebAccess,clickInstallVMwareToolsintheStatussectionofthevirtual machineSummarytab. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,clickUpgradeVMwareTools. 2 ClicktheConsoletab. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. 3 Intheguest,loadtheCDROMdriversothattheCDROMdevicemountstheISO imageasavolumebydoingoneofthefollowing:
ForaNetWare6.5virtualmachine,inthesystemconsole,enter:
LOAD CDDVD
ForaNetWare6.0orNetWare5.1virtualmachine,inthesystemconsole, enter:
LOAD CD9660.NSS
ForaNetWare4.2virtualmachine,inthesystemconsole,enter:
load cdrom
MounttheVMwareToolsCDROMimagebyentering:
cd mount vmwtools
Inthesystemconsole,enteroneofthefollowing:
ForNetWare5.1,6.0,or6.5:
vmwtools:\setup.ncf
ForNetWare4.2:
vmwtools:\setup
Whentheinstallationfinishes,themessageVMware Tools for NetWare are now runningappearsintheLoggerScreen(NetWare6.5andNetWare6.0guests)orthe ConsoleScreen(NetWare4.2and5.1guests).
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IfyouhaveaNetWare4.2guest,restarttheguestoperatingsystem,asfollows: a Toshutdownthesystem,inthesystemconsole,enter:
down
Torestarttheguestoperatingsystem,inthesystemconsole,enter:
restart server
MakesurethattheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage(netware.iso)isnot attachedtothevirtualmachine. Ifitisattached,disconnectit.
Starting the VMware User Process Manually If You Do Not Use a Session Manager on UNIX
OneoftheexecutablesusedbyVMwareToolsinUNIXguestsisvmware-user.This programimplementsfitguesttowindowandotherfeatures. Normally,vmware-userisstartedautomaticallyafteryouconfigureVMwareTools andthenlogoutofthedesktopenvironmentandlogbackin. However,ifyourunanXsessionwithoutasessionmanager(forexample,byusing startxandgettingadesktopandnotusingxdm,kdm,orgdm),youmuststartthe VMwareUserprocessmanually. Youmustalsostartvmware-usermanuallyafteryouupdatetoanewversionof VMwareTools. To start the VMware User process manually if you do not use a session manager Dooneofthefollowing:
Tohavevmware-userstartwhenyoustartanXsession,addvmware-usertothe appropriateXstartupscript,suchasthe.xsessionor.xinitrcfile. Thevmware-userprogramislocatedinthedirectorywhereyouselectedtoinstall binaryprograms,whichdefaultsto/usr/bin.Thestartupscriptthatneedstobe modifieddependsonyourparticularsystem.
Tostartvmware-userafteraVMwareToolssoftwareupdateorifyounotice certainfeaturesarenotworking,openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowing command:

vmware-user
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Updating VMware Tools

BecauseVMwareToolsinstallers(ISOimages)areinstalledwithVMwareServer,when youupdatetoanewversionofVMwareServer,acheckisperformedtodetermineifa newversionofVMwareToolsisavailable.Whenyouupdatefromanearlierversionof VMwareTools,thepreviousversionofVMwareToolsmightbeuninstalled. TheguestoperatingsystemchecksforVMwareToolsupdatesonlywhenyoupoweron avirtualmachine.ItcomparesitsversionofVMwareToolsagainsttheversionthatis installedonthehost.ForVMwareToolsupdatesonLinuxandWindowsguests,you cansettheguesttoupdateautomatically(seeOptionsTabonpage 93)oryoucan performamanualupdate.Onotherguests,youmustmanuallyupdate. WhenyouupdateVMwareTools,anychangesyoumadetothedefaultscriptsare overwritten.Anycustomscriptsyoucreatedremainuntouched,butdonotbenefit fromanyunderlyingchangesthatenhancethedefaultscripts. To update VMware Tools for a virtual machine, do one of the following

IntheOptionstaboftheVMwareToolsControlPanelclicktheUpdatebutton. InVIWebAccess,clickUpgradeVMwareToolsintheStatussectionofthevirtual machineSummarytab. Adialogboxenablesyoutoselectautomaticorinteractiveupgrade:

IfyouselectAutomaticVMwareToolsUpgradeandclickUpgrade,VMware Toolsisupgradedwithoutfurtheruserinteraction. IfyouselectInteractiveVMwareToolsUpgradeandclickUpgrade,the remainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. UsethesameprocedurethatyouusedforinstallingVMwareToolsthefirst time.Forplatformspecificinstallationinstructions,seeInstallingVMware Toolsonpage 76. YouarepromptedtoselecttheVMwareToolscomponentstoupgrade.
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Uninstalling VMware Tools

Occasionally,anupdateofVMwareToolsisincomplete.Youcanusuallysolvethe problembyuninstallingVMwareToolsandthenreinstalling. To uninstall VMware Tools Dependingontheguestoperatingsystem,dooneofthefollowing:
OnaWindowsguest,usetheguestoperatingsystemsAdd/RemovePrograms itemtoremoveVMwareTools. OnanyUNIXguest,loginasroot(su)andenterthefollowingcommand:

vmware-uninstall-tools.pl
OnaLinuxguestthathasVMwareToolsinstalledusinganRPMinstaller,enterthe followingcommand:
rpm -e VMwareTools
Repairing or Changing VMware Tools

IffeaturesdonotworkafteraVMwareToolsupdate,youmightneedtouninstall VMwareToolsandreinstall.Besuretofollowthesesteps.Donotusetherepairor changeoptionintheguestsAdd/RemoveProgramsitemintheWindowsControl Panel. To repair or change installed modules 1 2 UninstalltheoldversionofVMwareToolsasdescribedinUninstallingVMware Toolsonpage 91. InstallthenewversionofVMwareToolsasdescribedinInstallingVMware Toolsonpage 76.
Using the VMware Tools Control Panel

UsetheVMwareToolscontrolpaneltomodifyVMwareToolsconfigurationsettings, shrinkvirtualdisks,andconnectanddisconnectvirtualdevices. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperating system. OnWindowsVistaguests,logintotheoperatingsystemasanAdministratoruser.
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To open the VMware Tools control panel Dooneofthefollowing:

InWindowsguests,doubleclickVMwareToolsiconinthenotificationareaofthe guestsWindowstaskbar. IfyoucannotfindtheVMwareToolsiconinthenotificationarea,usetheguests WindowsControlPaneltodisplayit.SeeUsingtheWindowsControlPanelto DisplaytheTaskbarIcononpage 92.
InLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,openaterminalwindowandenterthe command:
/usr/bin/vmware-toolbox &
InNetWareguests,dooneofthefollowing:
InaNetWare5.1orhigherguest,selectNovell>Settings>VMwareToolsfor NetWare. InaNetWare4.2guest,useVMwareToolscommandsinthesystemconsole. TheVMwareToolsprogramiscalledvmwtool.
Using the Windows Control Panel to Display the Taskbar Icon

IfVMwareToolsisinstalledinaWindowsguestoperatingsystembutthe VMware ToolsicondoesnotappearinthenotificationareaoftheWindowstaskbar, youcanusetheWindowsControlPaneltodisplayit. To use the Windows Control Panel to display the taskbar icon 1 2 3 GotoStart>ControlPanel. DoubleclicktheVMwareToolsicon. OntheOptionstab,selectShowVMwareToolsinthetaskbarandclickApply.
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Options Tab
TheOptionstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesthefollowingoptions:
Timesynchronizationbetweenthevirtualmachineandthehostoperating systemPeriodically(everyminute)checkswhethertheguestoperatingsystems timeislaggingbehindthehosts.Ifso,theguestsclockismovedforwardtomatch thehostsclock.Ifyouusethisoption,disableallothertimesynchronization mechanisms.Forexample,someguestsmighthaveNTPorCMOSclock synchronizationturnedonbydefault. Regardlessofwhetheryouenablethissetting,timesynchronizationoccurswhen theVMwareToolsdaemonisstarted(suchasduringareboot),whenresuming fromasuspendoperation,andaftershrinkingadisk.Whentheoperatingsystem startsorreboots,synchronizationcanbeeitherforwardorbackwardintime.For otherevents,synchronizationisforwardintime. Todisabletimesynchronizationcompletely,seeDisablingTimeSynchronization byEditingtheVirtualMachineConfigurationFileonpage 93.
ShowVMwareToolsinthetaskbar(Windowsguestsonly)Displaysthe VMwareToolsiconinthenotificationareaofthetaskbar.Theiconindicates whetherVMwareToolsisrunningandwhetheranupdateisavailable. Notifyifupdateisavailable(Windowsguestsonly)Displaysthe VMware Toolsiconwithayellowcautioniconwhenanupdateisavailable. Updatebutton(Windowsguestsonly)Becomesenabledwhenanupdateis available.ClickingthisbuttonhasthesameeffectasclickingtheUpgrade VMware ToolscommandintheStatussectionoftheVIWebAccessSummarytab.
Disabling Time Synchronization by Editing the Virtual Machine Configuration File

Avirtualmachineoccasionallysynchronizestimewiththehostevenifyouusethe VMwareToolscontrolpanel(Optionstab)todisableperiodictimesynchronization. Youcandisabletimesynchronizationcompletelybyeditingthevirtualmachine configurationfile. Youcanfollowthesestepstokeepafictitioustimeinyourguest,sothattheguestis neversynchronizedwiththehost.
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To disable time synchronization by editing the virtual machine configuration file 1 2 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Editthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(seeChangingVirtualMachine AdvancedSettingsonpage 127)andsettheoptionslistedinTable 51toFALSE. Table 5-1. Time Synchronization Options
Option Name time.synchronize.tools.startup Relates to Time Synchronization When Poweringonavirtualmachine.Controls whetheraoneshottimesynchronizationoccurs thenexttimetheguestoperatingsystemis booted. Thevirtualmachineisrunning.Controls whethertheguestoperatingsystemsclockis checkedonceaminuteandsynchronizedifitis foundtobelaggingbehindthehostsclock. Revertingtoasnapshot. Resumingasuspendedvirtualmachine. Takingasnapshot. Shrinkingavirtualdisk.
tools.syncTime
time.synchronize.restore time.synchronize.resume.disk time.synchronize.continue time.synchronize.shrink
Devices Tab
TheDevicestaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesoptionsforenablingand connectingtocertaindevices. Thecontrolsforconnectinganddisconnectingcertaindevicesmightnotbeavailable. ToconnectanddisconnectremovabledevicesusingVMwareRemoteConsole,see ConnectingandDisconnectingClientDevicesonpage 132.
Scripts Tab
FromtheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,youcanedit,disable,orrun scriptsthathelpautomateguestoperatingsystemoperationswhenyouchangethe virtualmachinespowerstate. Fromthistab,youcanalsospecifythelocationofcustomscriptsfortheSuspend, Resume,PowerOn,PowerOff,andResetbuttons. Onmostguestoperatingsystems,ifVMwareToolsisinstalledandifyouconfigurea virtualmachinespowercontrolstousetheguestoptions,oneormoredefaultscripts runontheguestwheneveryouchangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine.
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Forexample,ifyouusethevirtualmachineconfigurationsettings(clickConfigureVM intheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachineworkspace,andclickthePowertab) andsetthePowerOffcontroltouseShutDownGuest,thenthe poweroff-vm-defaultscriptrunswhenyouclickthePowerOffbuttoninthetoolbar. Thisscriptcausestheguestoperatingsystemtoshutdowngracefully.Adescriptionof eachscriptisprovidedlaterinthissection,inHowVMwareToolsScriptsAffectPower Statesonpage 97. Forinformationaboutcreatingacustomscript,seeCreatingScriptstoOverride DefaultVMwareToolsScriptsonpage 99.
Shared Folders Tab

VMwareServerdoesnotsupportthisfeature.
Shrink Tab
TheShrinktaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesoptionsforreclaiming unusedspaceinavirtualdisk.Ifyourvirtualmachinecannotbeshrunk,thistab displaysinformationexplainingwhyyoucannotshrinkyourvirtualdisks. Shrinkingadiskisatwostepprocess:apreparationstepandtheshrinkstep.Inthefirst step,VMwareToolsreclaimsallunusedportionsofdiskpartitions(suchasdeleted files)andpreparesthemforshrinking.Thissteptakesplaceintheguestoperating system. Theshrinkprocessisthesecondstep,andittakesplaceoutsidethevirtualmachine. TheVMwareapplicationreducesthesizeofthediskbasedonthediskspacereclaimed duringthepreparationstep.Ifthediskhasemptyspace,thisprocessreducesthe amountofspacethevirtualdiskoccupiesonthehostdrive.SeeShrinkingVirtual Disksonpage 147. OnUNIXguests,runVMwareToolsastherootuser(su)toshrinkvirtualdisks.Ifyou shrinkthevirtualdiskasanonrootuser,youcannotpreparetoshrinkthepartsofthe virtualdiskthatrequirerootlevelpermissions.
About Tab
TheAbouttabdisplaysversion(buildnumber)andcopyrightinformation.In Windowsguests,thistabalsoshowsthestatusoftheVMwareToolsservice.
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Configuring VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest

InaNetWarevirtualmachine,usingthesystemconsole,youcanconfigurecertain virtualmachineoptionssuchastimesynchronization,CPUidling,anddevice configurationwithVMwareTools.TheVMwareToolscommandlineprogramiscalled vmwtool. To configure VMware Tools in a NetWare guest operating system 1 2 Openaterminalwindow(systemconsole)intheNetWareguest. Enteracommandthatusesthefollowingformat:
vmwtool <command>
<command>isoneofthecommandslistedinTable 52. Table 5-2. VMware Tools Commands for Netware Guests
vmwtool Command help partitonlist shrink [<partition>] Definition DisplaysasummaryofVMwareToolscommands andoptionsinaNetWareguest. Displaysalistofalldiskpartitionsinthevirtualdisk andwhetherornotapartitioncanbeshrunk. Shrinksthelistedpartitions.Ifnopartitionsare specified,allpartitionsinthevirtualdiskareshrunk. Thestatusoftheshrinkprocessappearsatthe bottomofthesystemconsole. devicelist Listseachremovabledeviceinthevirtualmachine, itsdeviceID,andwhetherthedeviceisenabledor disabled.Removabledevicesincludethevirtual networkadapter,CD/DVDdrives,andfloppy drives. Disablesthespecifieddeviceordevicesinthevirtual machine.Ifnodeviceisspecified,allremovable devicesinthevirtualmachinearedisabled. Enablesthespecifieddeviceordevicesinthevirtual machine.Ifnodeviceisspecified,allremovable devicesinthevirtualmachineareenabled.
disabledevice [<device name>] enabledevice [<device name>]
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Table 5-2. VMware Tools Commands for Netware Guests (Continued)

vmwtool Command synctime [on|off] Definition Turnsthesynchronizationoftimeintheguestwith timeonthehostonoroff.Bydefault,time synchronizationisoff. Usethiscommandwithoutanyoptionstoviewthe currenttimesynchronizationstatus. idle [on|off] TurnstheCPUidleronoroff.Bydefault,theidleris on.TheCPUidlerprogramisincludedinVMware ToolsforNetWareguests. TheidlerprogramisneededbecauseNetWare serversdonotidletheCPUwhentheoperating systemisidle.Asaresult,avirtualmachinetakes CPUtimefromthehost,regardlessofwhetherthe NetWareserversoftwareisidleorbusy.
Customizing VMware Tools

Customizationsincludemodifyingorwritingscriptsthatrunwhenavirtualmachines powerstatechanges,executingcommandswhenyoushutdownorrestartaUNIX guest,andpassingcommandsinstringsthatruninstartupscripts.
How VMware Tools Scripts Affect Power States

WhenVMwareToolsisinstalled,ifyouconfigureavirtualmachinespowercontrolsto usetheguest,orsoft,poweroptions,oneormoredefaultscriptsrunintheguest wheneveryouchangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine.Youchangethepower statebyusingmenucommandsorbyclickingtheSuspend,Resume,PowerOn,and PowerOffbuttons. Whatthedefaultscriptsdodependsinpartontheguestoperatingsystem:
OnmostMicrosoftWindowsguests,butnotwindowsNTandWindowsMe,the defaultscriptexecutedwhenyoususpendavirtualmachinereleasestheIP addressofthevirtualmachine.Thedefaultscriptexecutedwhenyouresumea virtualmachinerenewstheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine(thisaffectsonly virtualmachinesconfiguredtouseDHCP).ScriptscannotberunonWindows95 guests. InWindowsguests,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedinthe Program Files\VMware\VMware Toolsfolder.
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OnmostUNIXguests,thedefaultscriptexecutedwhenyoususpendavirtual machinestopsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine.Thedefaultscriptexecuted whenyouresumeavirtualmachinestartsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. ScriptscannotberunonNetWareandFreeBSDguests. OnUNIX,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedinthe/etc/vmware-toolsdirectory.
Youcancreateyourownscriptsandusetheminsteadofthedefaultscriptsshownin Table 53. Table 5-3. Default VMware Tools Scripts

Script Name poweroff-vm-default Description Ifyouconfiguredthepoweroffoperationtoshutdowntheguest, thisscriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingpoweredoff. Ifyouconfiguredtheresetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscript runswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingreset. Thisscripthasnoeffectonnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. poweron-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthepoweronoperationtostarttheguest,this scriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingpoweredonrather thanresumed. Ifyouconfiguredtheresetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscript runsaftervirtualmachinerestarts. Thisscripthasnoeffectonnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. resume-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthepoweronoperationtostarttheguest,orthe resetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscriptrunswhenthevirtual machineisresumedafteritwassuspended. OnWindowsguests,ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouse DHCP,thisscriptrenewstheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine. OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,thisscriptstartsnetworking forthevirtualmachine. suspend-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthesuspendoperationtosuspendtheguest,this scriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingsuspended. OnWindowsguests,ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouse DHCP,thisscriptreleasestheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine. OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,thisscriptstopsnetworking forthevirtualmachine.
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Creating Scripts to Override Default VMware Tools Scripts

YoucancreateyourownscriptstooverridethedefaultVMwareToolsscriptsthat controlpowerstatechanges. ScriptsarerunbytheVMwareToolsdaemon(VMwareService.exe onWindowsand vmware-guestdonUNIX).Becausevmware-guestdisrunasrootonUNIXandas SystemonWindows,thescriptsareruninaseparatesessionfromtheloggedinusers session.TheVMwareToolsdaemonhasnoknowledgeofdesktopsessions,which meansthatitcannotdisplaygraphicalapplications.Donotattempttousecustom scriptstodisplaygraphicalapplications. Beforecreatingcustomscripts,makesurethatthefollowingconditionsaremetinthe guestoperatingsystem:

ThevirtualmachineisusingthelatestversionofVMwareTools. TheVMwareToolsserviceisrunninginthevirtualmachine. Dependingontheoperationthatthescriptperforms,thevirtualmachinehasa virtualnetworkadapterconnected.Ifnot,thepoweroperationfails. (UNIXguestsonly)ToeditascriptusingtheEditbuttonontheScriptstab,xterm andvimustbeinstalledintheguestoperatingsystemandmustbeinyourPATH. Youmustbearootusertoeditthescript.
To create scripts to override default VMware Tools scripts 1 Determinewhetheryouwanttocreateyourcustomscriptbymakingchangesto thedefaultscriptandsavingittoanewlocation. InWindowsguests,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedinthe Program Files\VMware\VMware Toolsfolder. OnUNIX,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedinthe/etc/vmware-toolsdirectory. 2 Modifythedefaultscriptandsaveitwithadifferentnameorwriteadifferent script. OnWindowsguests,ifyouwriteanewscript,createthescriptasabatchfile.For UNIX,createthescriptinanyexecutableformat(suchasshellorPerlscripts). YoucanalsousetheEditbuttonontheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrol paneltoeditacustomscript.Youcanalsoeditscriptsmanuallyusinganytext editor.
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Associateeachcustomscriptwithitsparticularpoweroperation: a b c OntheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,selecttheappropriate scriptevent. SelecttheUseScriptcheckbox,selectCustomscript,andusetheBrowse buttontopointtothescriptthatyouwanttouse. ClickOK.
WhenyoureinstallVMwareToolsafteryouupdatetheVMwareServersoftware,any changesthatyoumadetothedefaultscriptsareoverwritten.Anycustomscriptsthat youcreatedremainuntouched,butdonotbenefitfromanyunderlyingchangesthat enhancethedefaultscripts.
Running or Disabling a Script

Ifyouarecreatingacustomscript,runthescriptbeforeassociatingitwithapower operation. To run or disable a script 1 2 OntheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,selecttheappropriatescript event. Dooneofthefollowing:
Todisablethescript,cleartheUseScriptcheckboxandclickOK. Defaultscriptsforsuspendingandresumingworktogether.Ifyoudisablethe scriptofoneoftheseactions,disablethescriptfortheotheractionaswell.
Torunascriptimmediately,clickRunNow. YoucansuccessfullyrunascriptbyclickingtheRunNowbuttoninthe VMwareToolscontrolpanel,butthissamescriptcanfailwhenrunaspartof aVMwareServerpoweroperation.ThisisbecausescriptsrunbyclickingRun Nowarerunastheloggedinuserandhaveadifferentworkingdirectorythan whenscriptsarerunbytheVMwareToolsdaemon duringapoweroperation.
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Executing Commands After You Power Off or Reset a Virtual Machine

InaLinux,Solaris,orFreeBSDguest,youcanusetheVMwareToolsservicetoexecute specificcommandswhenyoushutdownorrestarttheguestoperatingsystem.Thisis inadditiontoanyscriptthatyouspecifiedtorunwhenyoushutdowntheguest operatingsystem. 1 Useatexteditortoopenthefollowingfile:
/etc/vmware-tools/tools.conf
Addoneorbothofthefollowingcommandstothefile:
halt-command = <command> <command>isthecommandtoexecutewhenyoushutdowntheguest operatingsystem.
reboot-command = <command> <command>isthecommandtoexecutewhenyourestarttheguestoperating system.
Passing a String from the Host to the Guest at Startup

Topassastringfromthehosttotheguestatstartup,youpassthestringfromyour virtualmachinesconfigurationfileinthehosttotheguestoperatingsystemwhenyou poweronthevirtualmachine. YoucanpassitemsliketheWindowssystemID(SID),amachinename,oranIP address.Insidetheguestoperatingsystemstartupscript,youcanhavetheservice retrievethisstring.Thestringcanthenbeusedinanotherscripttosetyourvirtual machinessystemID,machinename,orIPaddress. Forexample,usethisstrategytomakecopiesofthesameconfigurationfile,adda differentstringtoeach(eitherintheconfigurationfileitselforatthecommandline), andusethesevariationsofthesameconfigurationfiletolaunchthesamevirtualdisk innonpersistentmodemultipletimesinatrainingortestingenvironment. Passingastringisalsousefulwhenyouwanttodeployvirtualmachinesonanetwork usingacommonconfigurationfilewhileprovidingeachmachinewithitsownunique identity.
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Youcanpassstringstoavirtualmachinesguestoperatingsysteminoneoftwoways: placingthestringinthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfileorpassingthestringtothe guestfromthecommandline. Usethisfeatureonlyifyouhaveagoodunderstandingofascriptinglanguage(for example,PerlorNetShell)andknowhowtomodifysystemstartupscripts.
Passing a String in a Configuration File

Placeastringinthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)filebysettingthestringto themachine.idparameter.Forexample,youcansetthisstring:
machine.id = "Hello World."
Followingisanexampleofportionsoftwoconfigurationfilesthatpointtothesame virtualdisk.Eachconfigurationfilecontainsitsownuniquestringforthemachine.id parameter. config_file_1.vmxcontains:

ide0:0.present = TRUE ide0:0.fileName = "my_common_virtual_hard_drive.vmdk" machine.id = "the_string_for_my_first_vm"
config_file_2.vmxcontains:
ide0:0.present = TRUE ide0:0.fileName = "my_common_virtual_hard_drive.vmdk" machine.id = "the_string_for_my_second_vm"
Topreventastringfrombeingpassedfromthehosttotheguestthroughtheservice, setthefollowinglineinyourvirtualmachinesconfigurationfile:
isolation.tools.getMachineID.disable = "TRUE"
Passing a String in a Startup Command

Ratherthansettingthemachine.idparameterintheconfigurationfile,youcanpass thestringtotheguestoperatingsystemfromthecommandlinewhenyoupoweron thevirtualmachine.Followingisanexampleofastartupcommand(enteredonone line):
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Server\vmware -s 'machine.id=Hello World' C:\Virtual Machines\win2000\win2000.vmx
Usethismethodtodeployvirtualmachinesonanetworkusingacommon configurationfilewhileprovidingeachmachinewithitsownuniqueidentity.
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Launcheachvirtualmachinewiththevmware -scommand.Eachvirtualmachinedisk filemustbecopiedintoitsowndirectoryifitsharesitsfilenamewithanothervirtual machinediskfile. OnaLinuxhost,themachineIDpassedonthecommandlinetakesprecedenceandis passedtotheguestoperatingsystemifthefollowingconditionsaremet:

AvirtualmachineIDspecifiedinthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)fileis usedtoopenthevirtualmachine. YouspecifyamachineIDonthecommandline.
Using a String in a Startup Script to Set a Name and IP Address

ThefollowingexampleusesaWindowshosttoillustratehowyoucanusetheservice toretrieveastringcontainingwhatbecomesthevirtualmachinesmachinenameand IPaddress.Inthisexample,W2KVMisthemachinenameand148.30.16.24istheIP address. To use a string in a startup script to set a name and IP address 1 Definethestringbyusingoneofthefollowingmethods:
Onthehostmachine,addthefollowinglinetoyourvirtualmachines configuration(.vmx)file:
machine.id = "W2K-VM 148.30.16.24"
Openthevirtualmachineusingthisconfigurationfile.
Openthevirtualmachinefromthecommandlinebyenteringthefollowing ononeline:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Server\vmware -s 'machine.id=W2K-VM 148.30.16.24' C:\Virtual Machines\win2000\win2000.vmx
Dooneofthefollowingtoretrievethestringinthevirtualmachine:
InaWindowsguest,enterthefollowingcommandtoretrievethestring:
VMwareService --cmd machine.id.get
InaLinuxguest,intheoperatingsystemsstartupscript,addthefollowing commandbeforethenetworkstartupsection:
/usr/sbin/vmware-guestd --cmd 'machine.id.get'
Thelocationofvmware-guestddependsonthedirectoryyouspecifyatthe timeofinstallation.
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Furthercustomizethisstartupscriptsothatitusesthestringtheserviceretrieved duringstartuptosetthevirtualmachinesnetworknametoW2KVManditsIP addressto148.30.16.24. Placethisstringinthescriptbeforethecommandtostartthenetworkservices. IfyouareusingaWindows2000guestoperatingsystem,forexample,youcancall theNetShellutility(netsh)andpassitthecontentsofthestring,whichusesthe stringaccordingly.Thatis,itcansetanewIPaddressforthevirtualmachine,if thatiswhatwaspassedinthestringoriginally.
Passing Information Between the Guest and Another Program

TheVMwareToolsserviceallowsyoutouseVMwareprogrammaticinterfacesto managevirtualmachinesfromyourownindependentprogramsandfromexisting frameworksdevelopedbypartnersandthirdparties. FormoreinformationabouttheVMwareInfrastructureSDK,gototheVMwareAPIs andSDKsDocumentationpageoftheVMwareWebsite.
Using the VMware Tools Command-Line Interface

TheVMwareToolscommandlineinterfaceenablesyoutodothefollowing:
ConfiguretimesynchronizationinyourLinuxguestoperatingsystemwithout runningX. InstallanduninstallVMwareTools,determinetheversion,andsoon.
To use the VMware Tools command-line interface 1 Intheguestoperatingsystem,changetothedirectorythatcontainsthe VMware Toolsdaemon. Dependingontheoperatingsystem,thenameanddefaultlocationofthedaemon areasfollows:
OnMicrosoftWindowssystems,thedaemoniscalledVMwareService.exe andthelocationis:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\VMwareService.exe
OnUNIXsystems,thedaemoniscalledvmware-guestd.Thelocationof vmware-guestddependsonthedirectorythatyouspecifiedatthetimeof installation.Thedefaultlocationis:

/usr/sbin/vmware-guestd
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Toconfigureperiodictimesynchronization,usethevmx.set_optioncommand: <daemon> --cmd "vmx.set_option synctime <old_val> <new_val>" <daemon>isvmware-guestdonUNIXsystemsorVMwareService.exeon Windowssystems. <old_val>and<new_val>aretheoldandnewvalues,respectively.Use0tomean FALSEand1tomeanTRUE. FollowingisanexampleofsettingtimesynchronizationtoTRUEonaLinuxguest:
./vmware-guestd --cmd "vmx.set_option synctime 0 1"
Thenewsettingiswrittentothetools.syncTimepropertyinthevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.Usingthisoptionisequivalenttousingthe timesynchronizationoptionontheOptionstaboftheVMwareToolscontrol panel. Tousecommandsotherthan--cmd,usethe--helpcommandlinecommand.
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Managing VMware Server
Thischapterdescribeshowtoperformhostwideconfigurationtasks,including managingyourvirtualmachineinventoryanddatastores,andconfiguringglobal memory,snapshot,andvirtualmachinestartupandshutdownsettings.Italso describesWindowshostfeaturesforbackingupvirtualmachinesusingtheVolume ShadowCopyService(VSS)andloggingVMwareServereventsintheEventViewer.To performhostmanagementoperations,youmusthavetherequiredpermissions. Forinformationaboutmanagingindividualvirtualmachines,seeChapter 7,Running VirtualMachines,onpage 121. ForinformationaboutconfiguringVMwareServernetworking,seeChapter 11, ConfiguringaVirtualNetwork,onpage 211. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

ManagingtheVirtualMachineInventoryonpage 108 ManagingDatastoresonpage 110 EditingHostWideMemoryandSnapshotSettingsonpage 113 ConfiguringVirtualMachineStartupandShutdownSettingsonpage 115 EnablingQuiescedBackupsofVirtualMachinesonWindowsonpage 118
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Managing the Virtual Machine Inventory

WhenyoucreatenewvirtualmachinesinVMwareServer,theyareautomatically addedtoyourinventory.Youcanalsoaddexistingvirtualmachinestoyourinventory sothatyoucanmanagethemusingVI WebAccess. Thissectiondescribeshowtoaddandremovevirtualmachinesintheinventory.
Adding a Virtual Machine to the Inventory

WhenyoucreateavirtualmachineusingVI WebAccess,itisautomaticallyaddedto theinventory.Thissectiondescribeshowtoaddavirtualmachinetotheinventoryifit isonanetworkedfilesystemorcopiedfromanotherhost. Beforeyoucanaddavirtualmachinetotheinventory,thefilesthatmakeupthevirtual machinemustbelocatedinadatastore.SeeManagingDatastoresonpage 110. To add a virtual machine to the inventory 1 2 3 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. IntheCommandssectionofthehostSummarytab,clickAddVirtualMachineto Inventory. ClickBrowsetolocatetheconfigurationfile(.vmxfileextension)forthevirtual machinethatyouwanttoaddtotheinventory. UsetheInventorycolumntonavigatethefilesystem. TheContentscolumnliststhecontentsofthecurrentdirectory. TheInformationcolumnshowsdetailedinformationabouttheselecteddirectory orfile. 4 SelecttheconfigurationfileintheContentscolumnandclickOK. Thevirtualmachineisaddedtotheinventory.
Removing a Virtual Machine from the Inventory

VMwareServerincludesoptionstoremoveavirtualmachinefromtheinventoryorto completelydeletethevirtualmachine.Youdonotneedtomanipulatefilesonthehost filesystemtodeleteavirtualmachine. Beforeyoucandeleteavirtualmachineorremoveitfromtheinventory,itmustbe poweredofforsuspended.
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Chapter 6 Managing VMware Server
To delete a virtual machine or remove it from the inventory 1 2 3 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. ClicktheVirtualMachinestab. Selectthevirtualmachinetodelete. Whenthevirtualmachineispoweredoff,theRemoveVirtualMachinecommand appearsintheCommandssectionoftheworkspace. 4 ClickRemoveVirtualMachine. Aconfirmationdialogboxappears. 5 (Optional)Todeleteallthevirtualmachinefilesfromdisk,selectDeletethis virtualmachinesfilesfromthedisk. IfyoudonotselectDeletethisvirtualmachinesfilesfromthedisk,thevirtual machineisremovedfromtheinventory,butallthevirtualmachinefilesremain intactonthedatastore. 6 ClickOK. Thevirtualmachineisdeletedorremovedfromtheinventory. YoucanalsodeleteavirtualmachineorremoveitfromtheinventoryfromtheVirtual Machinemenu.SeeDeletingaVirtualMachineonpage 130.
Performing Power Operations on Virtual Machines

Youcanperformpoweroperationsonanyvirtualmachineinyourinventoryfromthe VirtualMachinestabofthehostworkspace.Thisismoreefficientthanperforming poweroperationsoneachvirtualmachinefromitsownworkspace. To change the power state of a virtual machine from the host workspace 1 2 3 4 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. ClicktheVirtualMachinestab. Inthelistofvirtualmachines,selectthevirtualmachineforwhichyouwantto changethepowerstate. Clicktheappropriatepowerbuttoninthetoolbar.
Youcanalsochangethepowerstateofavirtualmachinefromitsownworkspace. Foradetaileddescriptionofhowpoweroperationsaffectvirtualmachines,see ChangingthePowerStateofaVirtualMachineonpage 122.
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Managing Datastores
Thissectiondescribeshowtoadd,rename,andremovedatastores.
Adding Datastores
AdatastoreisastoragelocationforVMwareServervirtualmachinefiles.Thestorage locationcanbethelocalfilesystem,aCIFSstore(Windowsonly),oranNFSmounted filesystem(Linuxonly).
Prerequisites for Samba CIFS Datastores

SambaCIFSstoresrequireadditionalconfiguration.Youmustaddthesetting create mask = 766totheconfiguration(smb.conf )fileforeachSambaCIFSstore. TheuserthatconnectstotheSambaservermustalsohavewriteprivilegesforthe operatingsystemandtheSambaserver.
Prerequisites for NFS Datastores

BeforeyoucanaddanNFSdatastore,youmustmounttheNFSvolumeonthehost. Insomecases,toprotectNFSvolumesfromunauthorizedaccess,NFSadministrators mightexportvolumeswiththeroot squashoptionturnedon.Whenroot squashis on,theNFSservertreatsaccessbyrootasaccessbyanyunprivilegedusersandmight refusetheVMwareServerhostaccesstotheNFSvolume.Tomakesurethatyoucan createandmanagedatastoresfromyourhost,theNFSadministratormustturnoffthe root squashfeatureoraddtheVMwareServerhostsphysicalnetworkadaptertothe listoftrustedhosts. To add a datastore 1 2 3 4 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. IntheCommandssectionoftheSummarytab,clickAddDatastore. EnteranameforthedatastoreintheNametextbox. Entertheinformationforthelocal(hostsystem)orremotedirectory.
Toaddalocaldatastore: i ii iii SelectLocalDatastore. EnterthepathintheDirectoryPathtextbox. ClickOKtoaddthedatastore.
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ToaddaCIFSdatastore(Windowshostonly): i ii iii iv SelectCIFS. EnteravalidservernameorIPaddress. Enterthelocationofthesharedfolder. Enteravalidusername. Includethedomainorservername,forexample:

<domain_name>\<username>
or
<server_name>\<username>
v vi
.
Enterthecorrespondingpassword. ClickOKtoaddthedatastore. NOTEVMwareServerusestheWindowscredentialmanagerforuser authentication.Becausethiscredentialmanagerfeatureisnotsupported onWindows2000Server,youcannotaddaCIFSdatastoreifVMware ServerisinstalledonaWindows2000Serverhost.
ToaddanNFSdatastore(Linuxhostonly): i ii iii iv SelectNetworkFileSystem. EnteravalidNFSservernameorIPaddress. Enterthelocationofthesharedfolder. ClickOKtoaddthedatastore. Thedatastoreappearsinthelistofdatastores.
Renaming Datastores
Youcanrenameanexistingdatastore. To rename a datastore 1 2 3 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. IntheDatastoressectionoftheSummarytab,clickthedatastoretorename. IntheCommandssectionoftheSummarytab,clickRenameDatastore.
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4 5
EnteranewnameforthedatastoreintheNametextbox. ClickOK. Therenameddatastoreappearsinthelistofdatastores.
Removing Datastores
Ifyounolongerwanttoaccessadatastore,youcanremoveitfromVMwareServer. Beforeyoucanremoveadatastore,youmustremoveallvirtualmachinesinthe datastore. To remove a datastore 1 2 3 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. IntheDatastoressectionoftheSummarytab,clickthedatastoretoremove. IntheCommandssectionoftheSummarytab,clickRemoveDatastore. Aconfirmationdialogboxappears. 4 ClickOKtoremovethedatastore. Thedatastorenolongerappearsinthelistofdatastores.
Refreshing Datastores
Whenyourefreshadatastore,VMwareServerupdatesthecapacityandfreespace available.Therefreshcommandallowsyoutoseechangesindiskcapacityandfree spacecausedbyoperationsperformeddirectlyonthehostsystem.Thesevaluesare automaticallyupdatedwhenyouperformVMwareServeroperationssuchascreating ordeletingavirtualmachine. To refresh a datastore 1 2 3 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. IntheDatastoressectionoftheSummarytab,clickthedatastoretorefresh. IntheCommandssectionoftheSummarytab,clickRefreshDatastore. Thevaluesforcapacityandfreespaceareupdatedforthatdatastore.
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Editing Host-Wide Memory and Snapshot Settings

Thissectiondescribeshowtoconfigurehostmemorysettingsandwhetherornot snapshotsaretakeninthebackground.
Configuring Host Memory

Inadditiontoconfiguringthememorylimitforeachvirtualmachine,VMwareServer allowsyoutospecifythefollowing:
Howmuchofthehostsystemsmemorycanbeusedforallrunningvirtual machines Theextenttowhichthehostoperatingsystemsmemorymanagercanswapvirtual machinesoutofphysicalRAM
Thesesettingsaffectbothvirtualmachineandoverallsystemperformance.See ConfiguringHostWideVirtualMachineMemoryUsageonpage 275.
Reserving Host Memory for All Virtual Machines

YoucansettheamountofhostRAMthatVMwareServerisallowedtoreserveforall runningvirtualmachines. To configure the amount of reserved memory for all virtual machines 1 2 3 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. IntheCommandssectionofthehostSummarytab,clickEditHostSettings. IntheReservedMemorysection,enteravaluefortheSize. Theminimumandmaximumsettingsaredisplayed. Ifyouentertoohighavalue,thehostmightperformpoorlywhenother applicationsarerunningonthehost.Ifyouentertoolowavalue,virtualmachines mightperformpoorlyandyoucannotrunasmanyvirtualmachinesatonce.For moreinformation,seeReservingHostMemoryforVirtualMachineUseon page 276. 4 ClickOKorfollowthestepsinthenextsectiontoconfigureadditionalhost memorysettings.
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Configuring Additional Memory for Swapping

VMwareServerlimitsthenumberofvirtualmachinesthatcanrunatthesametime basedontheamountofmemoryreservedforallrunningvirtualmachines.Toadjust thenumberofvirtualmachinesthatcanberunortheirtotalmemoryusage,specifythe amountofvirtualmachinememorythatthehostoperatingsystemcanswaptodisk. To configure the amount of additional virtual machine memory that can be swapped 1 2 3 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. IntheCommandssectionofthehostSummarytab,clickEditHostSettings. IntheAdditionalMemorysection,selectoneofthefollowingoptions:
FitallvirtualmachinememoryintoreservedhostRAMStrictlyapplies thereservedmemorylimit.Thissettingimposesthetightestrestrictionsonthe numberandmemorysizeofvirtualmachinesthatcanrunatagiventime. BecausethevirtualmachinesarerunningentirelyinRAM,theyhavethebest possibleperformance. AllowsomevirtualmachinememorytobeswappedAllowsthehost operatingsystemtoswapamoderateamountofvirtualmachinememoryto diskifnecessary.Thissettingallowsyoutoincreasethenumberormemory sizeofvirtualmachinesthatcanrunonthehostsystematagiventime.It mightalsoresultinreducedperformanceifvirtualmachinememorymustbe swappedbetweenRAManddisk. AllowmostvirtualmachinememorytobeswappedAllowsthehost operatingsystemtoswapthemaximumamountofvirtualmachinememory todisk.Thissettingallowsyoutorunmorevirtualmachinesandusemore memorythanthemoderatesettingdoes.Performancemightbefurther decreasedifvirtualmachinememorymustbeswappedbetweenRAMand disk.
ClickOK.
Ifyoutrytopoweronavirtualmachinewheninsufficientmemoryisavailable, VMwareServerdisplaysawarningdialogbox.Themessageshowshowmuchmemory thevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouseandhowmuchmemoryisavailable.Toattempt topoweronthevirtualmachineusingtheavailablememory,clickOK.Otherwise,click Cancel.
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Enabling and Disabling Background Snapshots

Takingsnapshotsinthebackgroundallowsyoutocontinueworkingwhile VMware Serverpreservesthestateofthevirtualmachine.However,enabling backgroundsnapshotsforahostwithslowharddiskscanadverselyaffect performance.Ifyouexperiencesignificantperformanceproblemswhentakingor restoringsnapshots,disablebackgroundsnapshots. Foradditionalinformationonmanagingsnapshots,seeUsingSnapshotson page 195. To enable or disable background snapshots 1 2 3 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. IntheCommandssectionofthehostSummarytab,clickEditHostSettings. IntheSnapshotssection,dooneofthefollowing:

Toenablebackgroundsnapshots,selectthecheckbox. Todisablebackgroundsnapshots,deselectthecheckbox.
ClickOK. Thesettingtakeseffectafterthevirtualmachinesarerestarted.
Configuring Virtual Machine Startup and Shutdown Settings

Youcanconfigurevirtualmachinestostartupandshutdownautomaticallywhenthe hostoperatingsystemstartsandshutsdown,orallowthemtobestartedandshut downmanually.Youcanalsospecifytheorderinwhichvirtualmachinesare automaticallystartedandshutdown. Youcanalsoconfiguresystemwidesettingsthatspecifyadelaybetweeneachvirtual machinesstartupandshutdown,andwhatkindofactionisperformedatshutdown (suspend,poweroff,orshutdownguest).Youcanoptionallyoverridethesystemwide settingsforindividualvirtualmachines.
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Enabling System-Wide Startup and Shutdown Settings

Youcanenablevirtualmachinestobestartedandshutdownautomaticallyand configurehowandwhenvirtualmachinesarestartedandshutdown. To enable system-wide startup and shutdown settings 1 2 3 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. IntheCommandssectionofthehostSummarytab,click Edit Virtual Machine Startup/ShutdownSettings. SelectAllowvirtualmachinestostartandstopautomaticallywiththesystem. Ifthisoptionisdisabled,youcannotconfigurestartupandshutdownsettingsfor anyofthevirtualmachinesonthehost. NOTEToallowvirtualmachinestobestartedandshutdownonaWindowshost system,youmustalsoselectAllowvirtualmachinestostartandstop automaticallywiththesystemduringtheinstallationofVMwareServer. 4 (Optional)Configureoneormoreofthefollowingsettings:
DefaultStartupDelayEntertheamountoftimeinsecondstowaitaftera virtualmachineisstartedbeforestartingthenextvirtualmachineinthelist. Thisdelaypreventsplacinganexcessiveburdenonthehostresources.
StartnextVMimmediatelyiftheVMwareToolsstartSelecttostartthe nextvirtualmachineinthestartuplistimmediatelyafterVMwareToolsstarts inthecurrentvirtualmachine. DefaultShutdownDelayEntertheamountoftimeinsecondstowaitafter shuttingdownavirtualmachinebeforeshuttingdownthenextvirtual machineinthelist. Thisdelaypreventsplacinganexcessiveburdenonthehostresources.
ShutdownActionSelectPowerOff,Suspend,orShutdownguest.
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Specifying the Startup and Shutdown Order for Virtual Machines

Aftervirtualmachinesareconfiguredtostartandshutdownautomatically,youcanset theorderinwhichthevirtualmachinesarestartedandshutdown. To configure the startup and shutdown order for virtual machines 1 2 MakesurethatsystemwidesettingsareenabledasdescribedinEnabling SystemWideStartupandShutdownSettingsonpage 116. Movevirtualmachinesbetweenandwithinthefollowinglistsbyselectingoneor morevirtualmachinesandclickingMoveUporMoveDown:
SpecifiedOrderThesevirtualmachinesarelistedintheorderinwhich theyareconfiguredtostartup.Thevirtualmachinesareshutdowninthe reverseorderfromwhichtheyarestarted. AnyOrderThesevirtualmachinesarestartedandshutdown automatically,butnotinaspecificorder.Thevirtualmachinesinthiscategory donotstartorshutdownuntilallthevirtualmachineslistedintheSpecified Orderlistarestartedorshutdown. ManualStartupThesevirtualmachinesarenotstartedautomaticallywhen thehostisbroughtup.Whenthehostisshutdown,thesevirtualmachinesare shutdownaccordingtotheshutdownactionindicated.
ClickOKtosaveyoursettings.
Customizing the Startup and Shutdown Settings for Individual Virtual Machines
Youcanoverridethesystemwidesettingsforthedelaybetweeneachvirtualmachines startupandshutdownforindividualvirtualmachines. Youcanchangethestartupsettingsforvirtualmachinesthatarestartedautomatically, butnotforvirtualmachinesthatarestartedmanually.Youcanchangetheshutdown settingsforanyvirtualmachine. To override system-wide settings for individual virtual machines 1 2 MakesurethatsystemwidesettingsareenabledasdescribedinEnabling SystemWideStartupandShutdownSettingsonpage 116. Selectthevirtualmachineforwhichyouwanttooverridethesystemsettingsand clickEdit.
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(Optional)Tooverridethedefaultsystemsettingforstartup,selectUsespecified settingsandchangeoneorbothofthefollowing:
StartupDelayEntertheamountoftimeinsecondstowaitafteravirtual machineisstartedbeforestartingthenextvirtualmachineinthestartuplist. ContinueimmediatelyiftheVMwareToolsstartSelecttostartthenext virtualmachineinthestartuplistimmediatelyafterVMwareToolsstartsin thecurrentvirtualmachine.
(Optional)Tooverridethedefaultsystemsettingforshutdown,selectUse specifiedsettingsandchangeoneorbothofthefollowing:
ShutdownDelayEntertheamountoftimeinsecondstowaitaftershutting downavirtualmachinebeforeshuttingdownthenextvirtualmachineinthe shutdownlist. PerformShutdownActionSelectSystemDefault,PowerOff,Suspend,or ShutDownGuest.
ClickOK.
Enabling Quiesced Backups of Virtual Machines on Windows

TheVolumeShadowCopyService(VSS)providesabackupinfrastructurefor applicationsrunningonWindows.TheVMwareVSSWriterinteractswith VMware Toolsrunninginvirtualmachines,andenablesbackupapplicationsthatuse VSStoperformquiescedbackupsofvirtualmachines.WhentheVSSenabled applicationrequestsabackup,theVMwareVSSWriterautomaticallyquiescesthe virtualmachinediskfilesandcreatesasnapshotofthevirtualmachineforthebackup application. NOTEVMwarehastestedquiescedbackupsusingWindowsBackup(NTBackup).For informationaboutsupportforthirdpartybackupapplications,contactyourbackup applicationvendor. YoucanperformquiescedbackupsonhostoperatingsystemsrunningWindowsServer 2003andWindowsServer2008.Only32bitWindowsServer2008hostsaresupported. TheguestoperatingsystemmustberunningWindowsServer2003orWindowsServer 2008.AnuptodateversionofVMwareToolsmustbeinstalledintheguestoperating system.
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ForWindowsServer2003guestsystems,theVSSWriterusesapplicationVSSwriters sothattheVSSsnapshotisapplicationconsistent.Thesnapshotrepresentstheentire stateoftheVSSawareapplicationsregardlessoftheirbackuphistoryanddoesnot modifythebackuphistory. ForWindowsServer2008guestsystems,theVSSWriterdoesnotuseapplication writersand,asaresult,thesnapshotisfilesystemconsistent. NOTEVMwareServerallowsonesnapshotforeachvirtualmachine.Ifasnapshot exists,theVSSwriterdoesnotquiescethevirtualmachines,unlessyouoverridethis defaultbehavior. To enable and disable quiesced backups for virtual machines 1 (Optional)ToallowtheVSSWritertooverwriteanexistingsnapshot: a b Createthefilevmvsswriter.cfgintheVMwareServerinstallationdirectory, typicallyC:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Server. Addthefollowingparametertothevmvsswriter.cfgfiletospecifythatan existingsnapshotcanbeoverwrittensovirtualmachinescanbequiesced beforebackup:
vmwriter.overwriteSnapshots = "TRUE"
IfsettoTRUE,anyexistingsnapshotsareoverwrittenwithoutwarning,and thevirtualmachinesarebackedupusingquiescedsnapshots. Ifnotset,orsettoFALSE,thevirtualmachinesarenotquiescedifasnapshot existswhenthebackupistaken. 2 StarttheVMwareVSSWriterServiceusingtheWindowsServicescontrolpanel. TheuserrunningtheVSSWriterServicemusthavepermissiontoperform administrativetasksonvirtualmachines,suchascreatingsnapshots.Theuser mustalsobeabletowritetothevirtualmachinediskfiledirectory.Youcanverify orchangetheusernameandpasswordintheLogOntabofthePropertiesdialog boxfortheVSSWriterService. YoumustrestarttheVSSWriterServiceanytimeyoumakechangestothe vmvsswriter.cfgfile.
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To restore a virtual machine from a quiesced backup 1 2 Makesurethatthevirtualmachinesyouwanttorestorearepoweredoff. Dooneofthefollowing:

Usethebackupsoftwaretorestorethevirtualmachines. Restoreanindividualvirtualmachinebyrevertingtothesnapshot.For informationaboutrevertingtoasnapshot,seeRevertingtoaSnapshoton page 199.
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Running Virtual Machines
AfteryouhaveinstalledVMwareServer,createdavirtualmachine,andinstalleda guestoperatingsystemandVMwareTools,youarereadytorunyourvirtualmachine. Toperformvirtualmachineoperations,youmusthavetherequiredpermissions.Many configurationmodificationsaredisabledwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon. NOTETheonlytasksVIWebAccesscanperformonhardwareversion3virtual machinesarepoweroperationsandupgrade. Thischapterdescribesthemostcommontaskstomanageandusevirtualmachinesand includesthefollowingtopics:

RunningVMwareToolsonpage 122 ChangingthePowerStateofaVirtualMachineonpage 122 ChangingVirtualMachinePowerSettingsonpage 125 ChangingVirtualMachineNameandGuestSystemSettingsonpage 124 ChangingVirtualMachineSnapshotSettingsonpage 126 ChangingVirtualMachineAdvancedSettingsonpage 127 DeletingaVirtualMachineonpage 130 UsingVMwareRemoteConsoleonpage 130 GeneratingandSharingVirtualMachineShortcutsonpage 133 EditingNotesintheVirtualMachineSummaryTabonpage 135 EditingtheHardwareConfigurationofaVirtualMachineonpage 135
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AddingHardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137 InstallingNewSoftwareinaVirtualMachineonpage 138 AdvancedOptionsforApplicationDevelopersonpage 139
Running VMware Tools

Forimprovedguestoperatingsystemperformanceandvirtualmachinemanagement, makesurethatVMwareToolsisinstalledandrunninginyourvirtualmachine.See Chapter 5,InstallingandUsingVMwareTools,onpage 73. AfterVMwareToolsisinstalledinaWindowsvirtualmachine,theVMwareTools servicesstartwhenyoustarttheguestoperatingsystem.TheVMwareToolsicon appearsintheguestsnotificationarea,unlessyoudisabletheicon.
VMware Tools icon
OnWindowsguests,iftheVMwareToolsiconincludesayellowcautionicon,an updateisavailable.Toperformtheupdate,doubleclicktheicon,andclicktheUpdate buttonontheOptionstabthatappears. IftheVMwareToolsiconappearswitharedcircleandslashoverit,theVMwareTools serviceisnotrunning.Tostarttheservice,selectRunfromtheWindowsStartmenu, andenterservices.msc.Inthewindowthatappears,starttheservicecalled VMware ToolsService. IftheVMwareToolsicondoesnotappearinthenotificationareaoftheWindows gueststaskbar,usetheVMwareToolscontrolpanelintheguesttodisplayit.See UsingtheWindowsControlPaneltoDisplaytheTaskbarIcononpage 92. TochangeotherVMwareToolsproperties,seeUsingtheVMwareToolsControl Panelonpage 91.Formoreinformationabouttheproperties,clickHelp.
Changing the Power State of a Virtual Machine

YoucanuseVIWebAccesstochangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine. Tochangeavirtualmachinespowerstate,dooneofthefollowing:
SelectthevirtualmachinefromtheInventorypanel,andclickthebuttoninthe toolbarforthedesiredpowerstate. FromthehostworkspaceVirtualMachinestab,selectthevirtualmachine,and clickthebuttoninthetoolbarforthedesiredpowerstate.

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Chapter 7 Running Virtual Machines
Table 71describeswhathappenswhenyouchangethepowerstateofavirtual machine. Table 7-1. Toolbar Power Operations

Button Description Powersoffthevirtualmachine.Dependingonhowyouhaveconfiguredthe poweroptionsforthisvirtualmachine,VMwareServermightshutdownthe guestoperatingsystemandexecuteanyscriptsassociatedwiththispowerstate change. Whenthisiconisdepressed,thevirtualmachineispoweredoff. Suspendsarunningvirtualmachine.Dependingonhowyouhaveconfiguredthe poweroptionsforthisvirtualmachine,VMwareServermightputtheguest operatingsystemonstandbyandexecuteanyscriptsassociatedwiththispower statechange. Whenthisiconisdepressed,thevirtualmachineissuspended. Powersonastoppedvirtualmachineorresumesasuspendedvirtualmachine. Dependingonhowyouhaveconfiguredthepoweroptionsforthisvirtual machine,VMwareServermightrestartorresumetheguestoperatingsystemand executeanyscriptsassociatedwiththispowerstatechange. Whenthisiconisdepressed,thevirtualmachineisrunning. Resetsthevirtualmachine.Dependingonhowyouhaveconfiguredthepower optionsforthisvirtualmachine,VMwareServermightshutdownandrestartthe guestoperatingsystemandexecuteanyscriptsassociatedwiththispowerstate change.
NOTEShuttingdownorrestartingaguestoperatingsystemworksonlywhen VMwareToolsisinstalled.Otherwise,thepoweristurnedofforthevirtualmachineis resetexactlyasifyouhadpushedthepowerorresetbuttononaphysicalmachine.For informationaboutinstallingVMwareTools,seeChapter 5,InstallingandUsing VMwareTools,onpage 73.ForinformationabouthowtouseVMwareToolsscripts toaffectpowerstatebehavior,seeChangingVirtualMachinePowerSettingsonpage 125 andHowVMwareToolsScriptsAffectPowerStatesonpage 97.
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Changing Virtual Machine Name and Guest System Settings

Youcanchangethenameandtheguestoperatingsystemsettingsoftheselectedvirtual machine. To change the virtual machine name or guest operating system settings 1 2 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,clickConfigure VM. IntheGeneraltab,changethenameorguestoperatingsystemsetting:
(Optional)Tochangethedisplayname,typeanewnameintheVirtual MachineNametextbox. (Optional)Tochangetheguestoperatingsystemsetting(forexample,ifyou areupgradingtheguestoperatingsystemversion),selectthetypeof operatingsystemandthenselecttheoperatingsystemversionfromthe dropdownmenu. Whenyouchangetheoperatingsystemversionhere,thesettingfortheguest operatingsystemischangedinthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile.The guestoperatingsystemitselfisnotchanged.Forinformationaboutupdatingthe guestoperatingsystem,seeUpdatingtheGuestOperatingSystemon page 71.
ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandreturntotheSummarytab.
TheGeneraltabalsodisplaysthelocationofthevirtualmachineworkingdirectoryand thevirtualmachineconfigurationfile.Donoteditthevirtualmachineconfigurationfile directly.Instead,usetheAdvancedtaboftheConfigureVMdialogbox.SeeChanging VirtualMachineAdvancedSettingsonpage 127.
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Changing Virtual Machine Power Settings

Powercontroloptionsallowyoutodefineactionsthatoccurwhenyouchangethe powerstateofavirtualmachine. To change power state options 1 2 3 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,clickConfigure VM. ClickthePowertab. (Optional)Selectthedefaultpoweroffoptionforthevirtualmachine. SettingsforpoweringoffvirtualmachinesincludePowerOffandShutDown Guest.WhenVMwareToolsisnotinstalled,thedefaultactionistopoweroffthe virtualmachinewithoutshuttingdowntheguest.WhenVMwareToolsis installed,thedefaultactionistoshutdowntheguestbeforepoweringoffthe virtualmachine. 4 (Optional)Selectthedefaultsuspendoptionforthevirtualmachine. SettingsforsuspendingvirtualmachinesincludeSuspendandSuspendGuest. WhenVMwareToolsisnotinstalled,thedefaultactionistosuspendthevirtual machinewithoutsuspendingtheguest.WhenVMwareToolsisinstalled,the defaultactionistosuspendtheguestbeforesuspendingthevirtualmachine. 5 (Optional)Selectthedefaultrebootoptionforthevirtualmachine. SettingsforrebootingvirtualmachinesincludeResetandRestartGuest.When VMwareToolsisnotinstalled,thedefaultactionistoresetthevirtualmachine withoutshuttingdowntheguest.WhenVMwareToolsisinstalled,thedefault actionistoshutdowntheguestbeforeresettingthevirtualmachine. 6 (Optional)IntheVMwareToolsScriptssection,selectoneormorecheckboxesto runaVMwareToolsscriptAfterpoweringon,Afterresuming,Before suspending,andBeforepoweringoff.SeeHowVMwareToolsScriptsAffect PowerStatesonpage 97. (Optional)IntheBIOSSetupsection,selectEntertheBIOSsetupscreenthenext timethevirtualmachinebootsifyouwanttogodirectlytotheBIOSsetupscreen thenexttimethevirtualmachineispoweredon. Afterthenextpoweron,thissettingisdeselected.
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(Optional)IntheAdvancedsection,selectoneorbothoftheVMwareTools options:
SelectCheckandUpgradeVMwareToolsbeforepoweringonifyouwantto automaticallyupgradeVMwareToolswheneveranewversionisavailable. SelectSynchronizeguesttimewithhosttosynchronizethetimeintheguest operatingsystemwiththetimeinthehostoperatingsystem.SeeOptions Tabonpage 93.
Changing Virtual Machine Snapshot Settings

Thissectiondescribeshowtochangesnapshotsettingsforthevirtualmachine.With thesesettings,youcandothefollowing:

Lockthecurrentsnapshotsothatitcannotbeupdated Reverttothecurrentsnapshotwhenpoweringoff
Forinformationaboutusingsnapshotstopreservethestateofthevirtualmachine,see UsingSnapshotsonpage 195.
Locking the Snapshot

Lockingthecurrentsnapshotpreventsitfrombeingoverwritten.Thesnapshotmust alreadyexist. To lock the current snapshot 1 2 3 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,clickConfigure VM. ClicktheSnapshottab. IntheCurrentSnapshotsection,selectLockthissnapshot. Ifthischeckboxcannotbeselected,itmeansthatnosnapshotexists. 4 ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandreturntotheSummarytab.
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Setting Snapshot Power Off Options

Youcansetavirtualmachinetoautomaticallyreverttothesnapshot,ortoaskyou whetheryouwanttoreverttothesnapshot,wheneveryoupoweroffthevirtual machine. To set a snapshot power off option 1 2 3 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,clickConfigure VM. ClicktheSnapshottab. SelectoneofthefollowingoptionsintheWhenpoweringoffsection:

JustpoweroffPowersoffwithoutmakinganychangestothesnapshot. ReverttosnapshotRevertstothecurrentsnapshot,sothevirtualmachine alwaysstartsinthestateitwasinwhenthecurrentsnapshotwastaken. Revertingtothesnapshotdiscardschanges.Forexample,aninstructormight needtodiscardstudentanswersforacomputerlessonwhenavirtualmachine ispoweredoffattheendofclass.
AskmeEverytimeyoupoweroffavirtualmachine,youarepromptedto specifywhetheryouwanttojustpowerofforreverttothecurrentsnapshot.
Changing Virtual Machine Advanced Settings

Thissectiondescribeshowtoconfigureadvancedvirtualmachinesettings,including thefollowing:

WhatkindofinformationiscollectedwhileVMwareServerisrunning. Enablinganddisablinglogging. Disablingaccelerationifaprogramcannotberuninyourvirtualmachine. EnablingVirtualMachineInterface(VMI)paravirtualizationtoincrease performanceonhoststhatsupportparavirtualization. SpecifyingwhetherandhowvirtualizedMMUsupportisused Modifyingvirtualmachineconfigurationfileparameters. NOTEDonotchangeanyconfigurationfileparametersunlessyouareinstructed todosointhedocumentationorbyVMwaretechnicalsupport.

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To change virtual machine runtime settings 1 2 3 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,clickConfigure VM. ClickAdvanced. IntheSettingssection,selectanoption:

RecordruntimeinformationWhenselected,youcanselectoneofthe following:
DebugginginformationCollectsdebugginginformation.Youcan providethisinformationtoVMwaresupporttotroubleshootany problemsyouareexperiencing. StatisticsinformationCollectsperformancestatistics.Youcanprovide thisinformationtoVMwaresupporttotroubleshootperformance problems. OnWindowshosts,thefilesarestoredinthedirectory <%ALLUSERSPROFILE%>\VMware\VMware Server\hostd\stats. OnLinuxhostsystems,thefilesarestoredinthedirectory /var/log/vmware.
EnableloggingEnablesloggingforthevirtualmachine.Youcanprovide thistoVMwaresupporttotroubleshootanyproblemsyouareexperiencing. VMwarerecommendsthatyoukeeploggingenabled.Thereisminimal overheadforthislogging. DisableaccelerationDisablesaccelerationinthevirtualmachine.Itis sometimesnecessarytotemporarilydisableaccelerationinavirtualmachine toresolveproblemswithaguestoperatingsystemapplicationthatcrashesor seemstohangorreportsthatitisrunningunderadebugger.Usuallyitis possibletoreenableaccelerationafterinstallingorstartingtheapplication. SupportVMIParavirtualizationIfyouhaveaVMwareVMI3.0enabled kernelinaLinuxguestoperatingsystem,youcanenableVMI paravirtualizationsupporttoimproveperformanceinthevirtualmachine. AvailableVMIenabledkernelsincludeUbuntu7.04(Feisty)orlater. Usethestandardimagefor32bitIntelx86systems.VMIcurrentlysupports only32bitguests. Formoreinformationaboutparavirtualization,see: http://www.vmware.com/interfaces/paravirtualization.html
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ConfigureVirtualizedMMUSettingsRecentCPUsarecapableof virtualizingtheMemoryManagementUnit(MMU).Thiscapabilityalmost alwaysimprovesvirtualmachineperformance.However,theremightbe caseswhereitispreferablenottovirtualizetheMMU. Selectoneofthefollowingchoices:

Allowthehosttodetermineautomatically(thedefault) Forceuseofthesefeatureswhenavailable Donotusethesefeatures
To add a parameter to the virtual machine configuration file 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,clickConfigure VM. ClickAdvanced. IntheConfigurationParameterssection,clickAddNewEntry. EnterthenameoftheparameterintheNametextbox. EnterthevaluefortheparameterintheValuetextbox. ClickOK. ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandreturntotheSummarytab.
To edit a parameter in the virtual machine configuration file 1 2 3 4 5 6 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,clickConfigure VM. ClickAdvanced. IntheConfigurationParameterssection,selecttheparameterandclickEdit. EnterthenewvaluefortheparameterintheValuetextbox. ClickOK. ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandreturntotheSummarytab.
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Deleting a Virtual Machine

VMwareServerincludesoptionstoremoveavirtualmachinefromtheinventoryorto completelydeletethevirtualmachine.Youdonotneedtomanipulatefilesonthehost filesystemtodeleteavirtualmachine. Beforeyoucandeleteavirtualmachineorremoveitfromtheinventory,itmustbe poweredofforsuspended. To delete a virtual machine or remove it from the inventory 1 2 SelectthevirtualmachineyouwanttodeleteintheInventorypanel. SelectVirtualMachine>RemoveVirtualMachine. Youcanonlyselectthismenuoptionifthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. 3 (Optional)Todeleteallthevirtualmachinefilesfromdisk,selectDeletethis virtualmachinesfilesfromthedisk. IfyoudonotselectDeletethisvirtualmachinesfilesfromthedisk,thevirtual machineisremovedfromtheinventory,butallvirtualmachinefilesremainintact onthedatastore. 4 ClickOK. Thevirtualmachineisdeletedorremovedfromtheinventory. Youcanalsodeleteavirtualmachineorremoveitfromtheinventoryfromthehost workspace.SeeRemovingaVirtualMachinefromtheInventoryonpage 108.
Using VMware Remote Console

VMwareRemoteConsoleallowsyoutointeractdirectlywiththeguestoperating system. VMwareRemoteConsoleisinstalledasaWebbrowseraddonandexecutedfromthe addondirectory.YoumustinstalltheVMwareRemoteConsoleaddonthefirsttime youuseitwithaWebbrowserthatdoesnotalreadyhavetheaddoninstalled,and whenanewversionoftheaddonisavailable.Formoreinformation,seeInstallingthe VMwareRemoteConsoleAddOnonpage 52andStartingVMwareRemoteConsole fromtheConsoleTabonpage 53. YoucancontinuetouseVMwareRemoteConsoleifyoucloseyourWebbrowser.
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Interacting with the Guest Operating System

Ingeneral,youcanusetheguestoperatingsystemandapplicationsasyouwouldif theywererunningdirectlyonaphysicalcomputer. To interact with the guest operating system using your mouse or keyboard ClickinsidetheVMwareRemoteConsolewindow. To transfer control of your mouse and keyboard back to your computer PressCtrl+Alt.IfVMwareToolsisinstalledinthevirtualmachine,youcanmovethe cursorinandoutofthevirtualmachinetoquicklyswitchmouseandkeyboardcontrol betweenthevirtualmachineandyourcomputer. To press Ctrl+Alt+Delete (Windows clients) PressCtrl+Alt+InsertinsteadofCtrl+Alt+DeleteinthevirtualmachineonWindows clientsystems. YoucanalsoselectVMwareRemoteConsole>Troubleshooting> Send Ctrl+Alt+Delete.
Entering and Leaving Full Screen Mode

Youcanenterandleavefullscreenmodeandcontrolthevisibilityofthetoolbarinfull screenmode. To run your virtual machine in full screen mode ClickthemaximizebuttonontheVMwareRemoteConsolewindow. Thedesktopexpandstofillthescreen,leavingatoolbarvisibleatthetopofthescreen. To pin the toolbar so it is always visible Clickthepushpinonthetoolbarsothatitisinadiagonalposition. To release the toolbar so only a very thin horizontal area is visible Clickthepushpinonthetoolbarsothatitisinahorizontalposition.Afterafewseconds withnouse,mostofthetoolbardisappears. To make the toolbar fully visible Movethemousepointertothetopmiddleofthescreenwherethethinhorizontalarea isvisible.
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To reduce the VMware Remote Console display so it is running in a window Clicktherestorebuttononthetoolbar. To return to a window if the mouse pointer is not available PressCtrl+Alt.
Connecting and Disconnecting Client Devices

UseVI WebAccesstoconfigurevirtualmachinestousephysicalCD/DVDandfloppy drivesandISOandfloppyimagesonthehostsystem.SeeChapter 8,Configuring VirtualMachineHardware,onpage 141. YoucanconnectanddisconnecthostdevicesfromVMwareRemoteConsole.Devices thatareconnectedtothehostsystemincludeonServerafterthenameintheDevices menu. YoucanalsouseVMwareRemoteConsoletoconnectvirtualmachinestoCD/DVDand floppydrivesattachedtotheclientsystem.YoucanalsoconnecttoCD/DVD(.iso)and floppy(.flp)imagefilesontheclientsystem. SelectfromtheoptionsintheDevicesmenuandsubmenustoconnectanddisconnect physicaldrives,ortobrowsetoanimagefile.Acheckmarknexttothenameofadevice indicatesthatitisconnected.Ifthereisnocheckmark,thedeviceisnotconnected. Onlyonemachinetheclientcomputer,hostcomputer,orvirtualmachinecanuse CD/DVDorfloppydrivesatanyonetime.Ifyourvirtualmachineisconfiguredtouse thedevice,andifyouwanttousethatdevicedirectlyonyourclientorhostcomputer, makesureitisdisconnectedfromthevirtualmachine.
Resetting and Powering Off

Youcanselectthesepoweroperationsfromthe VMware Remote Console > Troubleshootmenu.
ResetAffectsyourvirtualmachineinthesamewaythatpressingthereset buttonaffectsaphysicalcomputer.Sendingtheresetcommandturnsthepoweroff andimmediatelyturnsitonagain. SuspendandExitSuspendsthevirtualmachine.VMwareRemoteConsole closes. PowerOffandExitAffectsyourvirtualmachineinthesamewaythatturning offthepoweraffectsaphysicalcomputer.Sendingthepoweroffcommandturns thepoweroffandleavesitoff.VMwareRemoteConsolecloses.
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Viewing the Message Log

TheMessageLogdialogboxallowsyoutoopenandviewVMwareServervirtual machinemessagesandtoremoveanyorallmessagesfromthelog. SelectVMwareRemoteConsole>Troubleshoot>MessageLog.
Quitting VMware Remote Console

QuitVMwareRemoteConsolebeforeyoushutdownthecomputerthatitisrunning on. To quit VMware Remote Console, do one of the following
SelectVMwareRemoteConsole>DisconnectandExit(Windows)or VMware RemoteConsole>DisconnectandQuit(Linux). ClicktheXintheupperrightcornerofthetoolbar.
WhenyouquitVMwareRemoteConsoleusingeitherofthesemethods,thevirtual machineisnotpoweredofforsuspended. QuittingVMwareRemoteConsoledisconnectsanyconnectedclientdevices.Ifyou haveactiveclientdeviceconnections,youarepromptedtoconfirmthatyouwantto quit. VMwareRemoteConsoleclosesautomaticallywhenthevirtualmachineissuspended orpoweredoff.
Generating and Sharing Virtual Machine Shortcuts

Youcangenerateashortcuttoenablevirtualmachineuserstointeractdirectlywiththe guestoperatingsystemfromaWebbrowserorVMwareRemoteConsole.
Generating a Web Shortcut

AdministratorscangenerateaWebshortcuttocustomizetheVI WebAccessuser interfaceforusers.YoucangenerateaWebshortcutthatdisplaysonlytheConsoletab, enablesordisablesaccesstotheworkspace,orenablesordisablesaccesstothevirtual machineinventory. TheWebshortcutislikeanyWebbrowserURL,soyoucandoanyofthefollowing:

AddittoalistofWebpages Shareitwithoneormoreusersinanemailmessage
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NOTETotestaWebshortcut,useadifferentbrowserorcomputer.Ifyouuseyour activeVI WebAccessbrowsersessiontotesttheWebshortcut,allinstancesofthat browsermustbeclosedbeforeyoucanlogbackintoVI WebAccesswithfulluser interfacecapabilities. To create a virtual machine Web shortcut 1 2 3 4 SelectthevirtualmachinefromwhichtogenerateaWebshortcutintheInventory panel. IntheStatussectionoftheSummarytab,clickGenerateVirtualMachine Shortcut. IntheWebShortcutsection,asampleURLisdisplayed. (Optional)ExpandCustomizeWebShortcuttoselecttheuserinterfacefeatures:
SelectLimitworkspaceviewtotheconsoletoprovideaccesstotheConsole tabwhilehidingotherdetailslikeeventlogs. SelectLimitviewtoasinglevirtualmachinetodisableinventorynavigation. SelectObfuscatethisURLtogenerateaURLthatobscurestheconnection information.

5 6
CopytheWebshortcutforfutureuse. ClickOKtoreturntotheSummarytab.
Generating a VMware Remote Console Desktop Shortcut

VMwareRemoteConsoleallowsyoutointeractdirectlywiththeguestoperating systemoutsideofaWebbrowser.Afteryouhaveinstalledthe VMware Remote Consoleaddon,youcancreateadesktopshortcutthatstarts VMwareRemoteConsoleandconnectstothevirtualmachine. NOTEWhenusingInternetExplorer,youmustrestarttheWebbrowserafterinstalling theVMwareRemoteConsoleaddonandbeforecreatingtheVMwareRemoteConsole desktopshortcut.IfyoudonotrestartInternetExplorer,shortcutcreationwillfailwith aJavaScripterror.
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To create a VMware Remote Console desktop shortcut 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachinefromwhichtogenerateadesktopshortcutinthe Inventorypanel. IntheStatussectionoftheSummarytab,clickGenerateVirtualMachine Shortcut. IntheDesktopShortcutsection,clickInstallDesktopShortcutto <Virtual Machine>. Confirmthatyouwanttocreatetheshortcutwhenprompted. Theshortcutiscreatedonthedesktop. 5 ClickOKtoreturntotheSummarytab.
Editing Notes in the Virtual Machine Summary Tab

TheNotessectionofthevirtualmachineSummarytabisaneditabletextfieldinwhich youcanentertext(upto1000characters)todescribethevirtualmachine. Savednotescanbeviewedbyotherusersofthevirtualmachine,soyoucanusethis sectiontocommunicateinformationaboutthecurrentstateofthevirtualmachine. To enter text that appears in the Notes section 1 2 3 SelectthevirtualmachineyouwanttoenternotesforintheInventorypanel. IntheNotessectionoftheSummarytab,clickEdit. Tosaveyourtext,clickSave. Ifyoudonotwanttosaveyourchanges,clickCancel. AnysavedtextappearsintheNotessectionoftheSummarytab.
Editing the Hardware Configuration of a Virtual Machine

TheHardwaresectionofthevirtualmachineSummarytabliststhevirtualhardwarein thevirtualmachine,suchasprocessors,memory,harddisks,CD/DVDdrives,and networkadapters.Thevirtualmachinemustbepoweredofftomodifymosthardware settings. Youcaneditexistinghardwareincluding:
ProcessorsForinformationabouteditingtheprocessorcount,seeEditing VirtualProcessorsonpage 279andUsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetric Multiprocessingonpage 278.
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MemoryForinformationaboutoptimalvirtualmachinememoryallocation,see AllocatingMemorytoaVirtualMachineonpage 277.Forinformationabout howtoeditmemoryallocationforavirtualmachine,seeEditingVirtualMachine Memoryonpage 277. HardDisksForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforanexistinghard disk,seeEditingaVirtualHardDiskonpage 145.Forinformationabout removingaharddisk,seeRemovingaHardDiskfromaVirtualMachineon page 146. NetworkAdaptersForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforanexisting virtualnetworkadapter,seeEditingaVirtualNetworkAdapteronpage 224. CD/DVDDrivesForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforanexisting CD/DVDdrive,seeEditingaVirtualCD/DVDDriveonpage 152.For informationaboutremovingaCD/DVDdrive,seeRemovingaCD/DVDDrive fromaVirtualMachineonpage 153. FloppyDrivesForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforanexisting CD/DVDdrive,seeEditingaVirtualFloppyDriveonpage 155.Forinformation aboutremovingafloppydrive,seeRemovingaFloppyDrivefromaVirtual Machineonpage 156. Passthrough(Generic)SCSIDevicesForinformationaboutchangingthe settingsforanexistingpassthroughSCSIdevice,seeEditingaVirtual Passthrough(Generic)SCSIDeviceonpage 158.Forinformationaboutremoving apassthroughSCSIdevice,seeRemovingaPassthrough(Generic)SCSIDevice fromaVirtualMachineonpage 158. USBControllerForinformationaboutconfiguringUSBdevices,see ConfiguringUSBControllersandDevicesonpage 159.Forinformationabout removingaUSBcontroller,seeRemovingaUSBControllerfromaVirtual Machineonpage 160. SoundAdapterForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforasound adapter,seeEditingaVirtualSoundAdapteronpage 165.Forinformation aboutremovingasoundadapter,seeRemovingaSoundAdapterfromaVirtual Machineonpage 166. SerialPortsForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforserialports,see EditingaVirtualSerialPortonpage 169.Forinformationaboutremovinga serialport,seeRemovingaSerialPortfromaVirtualMachineonpage 170. ParallelPortsForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforparallelports,see EditingaVirtualParallelPortonpage 178.Forinformationaboutremovinga parallelport,seeRemovingaParallelPortfromaVirtualMachineonpage 179.
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Adding Hardware to a Virtual Machine

UsetheAddHardwarewizardtoaddnewhardwaretoavirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinemustbepoweredofftoaddmosttypesofhardware.Youcanadd aSCSIvirtualdisktoahardwareversion7virtualmachinewhenthevirtualmachine ispoweredon.Insomecircumstances,youcanalsohotaddavirtualmachinewith anearlierhardwareversion.SeeAddingaHardDisktoaVirtualMachineon page 144. To start the Add Hardware wizard 1 2 SelectthevirtualmachinetomodifyfromtheInventorypanel. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff,unlessyouareaddingaSCSIvirtual harddisk. Ifthevirtualmachineisnotalreadypoweredoff,shutdowntheguestoperating system,andclickPowerOffontheVIWebAccesstoolbar. 3 IntheCommandssectionoftheSummarytab,clickAddHardware. TheAddHardwarewizardopens. 4 Addhardwaretoanexistingvirtualmachine:

HardDisksSeeAddingaHardDisktoaVirtualMachineonpage 144. NetworkAdaptersSeeAddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtualMachine onpage 223. CD/DVDDrivesSeeAddingaCD/DVDDrivetoaVirtualMachineon page 151. FloppyDrivesSeeAddingaFloppyDrivetoaVirtualMachineon page 154. Passthrough(Generic)SCSIDevicesSeeAddingaPassthrough(Generic) SCSIDevicetoaVirtualMachineonpage 157. USBControllerSeeAddingaUSBControllertoaVirtualMachineon page 159. SoundAdapterSeeAddingaSoundAdaptertoaVirtualMachineon page 165. SerialPortsSeeAddingaSerialPorttoaVirtualMachineonpage 166. ParallelPortsSeeAddingaParallelPorttoaVirtualMachineon page 177.

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OntheReadytoCompletepage,dooneofthefollowing:

ClickBackornavigateusingthePagespaneltomakechanges. Ifyouwanttopoweronthevirtualmachineimmediatelyafteraddingthenew hardware,selectPoweronyourvirtualmachinenow. ExpandMoreHardwaretoaddmorevirtualhardwaretothevirtualmachine beforeyoufinish. Eachtimeyoufinishaddinganewdevice,youreturntotheReadyto Completepage.
ClickFinishtocreatethevirtualmachinewiththelistedhardware. Thewizardaddsthehardwaretoyourvirtualmachine.
Installing New Software in a Virtual Machine

Installingnewsoftwareinavirtualmachineislikeinstallingitonaphysicalcomputer, exceptthatyoumusttaketheseadditionalsteps:
MakesurethatVMwareServercanaccessthemediaforinstallingthesoftware. VerifythatthevirtualmachinehasaccesstotheCDROMdrive,ISOimagefile,or floppydrive,asneeded.SeeChapter 8,ConfiguringVirtualMachineHardware, onpage 141. SetthefinalmemorysizeforyourvirtualmachineandinstallVMwareTools beforeyouactivatethesoftware. Someapplicationsuseaproductactivationfeaturethatcreatesakeybasedonthe virtualhardwareinthevirtualmachinewhereitisinstalled.Changesinthe configurationofthevirtualmachinemightrequireyoutoreactivatethesoftware. Tominimizethenumberofsignificantchanges,setthememorysizeandinstall VMwareTools.
IntherareinstancethatVMwareServerappearstohangwhenyouinstallorrun softwareinsideavirtualmachine,considertemporarilydisablingaccelerationin thevirtualmachine,asdescribedinChangingVirtualMachineAdvanced Settingsonpage 127.Generally,theproblemoccursearlyintheprograms execution.
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Advanced Options for Application Developers

ApplicationdeveloperscanusethefollowingAPIs,SDKs,andIDEswhenwritingand debuggingapplicationsthatruninvirtualmachines:
VIXAPIforwritingprogramstoautomatevirtualmachineoperations TheAPI ishighlevel,easytouse,andpracticalforbothscriptwritersandapplication programmers.APIfunctionsallowyoutoregister,poweronoroffvirtual machines,andrunprogramsintheguestoperatingsystems.Additionallanguage bindingsareavailableforPerl,COM,andshellscripts(vmrun).Formore information,seetheVMwareVIXAPIReleaseNotes. Tolaunchthevmrunapplication,fromthecommandprompt,enter:

vmrun COMMAND [OPTION]
OnLinux,vmrunisinthedirectoryforVIXAPIbinaryfiles,typically/usr/bin. BeforeusingthevmruncommandonaWindowshost,youmustdooneofthe following:

ChangeyourworkingdirectorytotheVMwareServerdirectory.Thedefault locationis: c:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Server
AddtheVMwareVIXdirectorytothesystempath.OnWindows2000Server, youcanchangethissettingfromtheWindowscontrolpanel: ControlPanel>System>Advanced>EnvironmentVariables> System variables>Path
VMCISocketsinterface ThisfeatureisasocketsinterfacefortheVirtual MachineCommunicationInterface,whichprovidesafastermeansof communicationamongapplicationsrunningonthehostandinvirtualmachines. Thisfeatureiswellsuitedfordeveloperswhowanttowriteclientserver applications.Formoreinformation,seetheVMCISocketsProgrammingGuide. Toallowavirtualmachinetocommunicatewithothervirtualmachinesand applicationsonthehost,youmustaddthevmci0.unrestricted configuration fileparameterandsetittoTRUE,asdescribedinChangingVirtualMachine AdvancedSettingsonpage 127.Ifvmci0.unrestrictedisnotsetorsetto FALSE,thevirtualmachinecannotcommunicatewithothervirtualmachinesor applicationsonthehost.
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Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware
Thischapterdescribeshowtousevariousdeviceswithavirtualmachineandincludes thefollowingtopics:

ConfiguringHardDisksonpage 141 ConfiguringCD/DVDDrivesonpage 150 ConfiguringFloppyDrivesonpage 154 ConfiguringPassthrough(Generic)SCSIDevicesonpage 156 ConfiguringSCSIControllersonpage 159 ConfiguringUSBControllersandDevicesonpage 159 ConfiguringSoundonpage 164 ConfiguringSerialPortsonpage 166 ConfiguringParallelPortsonpage 177 KeyboardMappingonLinuxHostsonpage 184
Configuring Hard Disks

Likeaphysicalcomputer,avirtualmachinestoresitsoperatingsystem,applications, anddatafilesononeormorevirtualharddisks.Youcanaddandremoveharddisksin yourvirtualmachine,andmodifycertainsettingsforexistingharddisks.Youcan installanewoperatingsystemonavirtualdiskwithoutrepartitioningaphysicaldisk orrebootingthehostsystem. Thissectiondescribeshowtoadd,edit,andremovevirtualharddisks,andhowto configuredisksettings.
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Hard Disk Types and Properties

Mostvirtualmachinesareconfiguredwithoneormorevirtualharddisks.Avirtual diskisafileorsetoffilesthatappearsasaphysicaldisktotheguestoperatingsystem. Thesefilesarecreatedinthedatastorelocationthatyouspecify.SeeManaging Datastoresonpage 110. Thissectiondescribesthesettingsyoucanconfigurewhenyouaddoreditavirtual disk.
Disk Capacity Setting

Whenyoucreateanewvirtualdisk,specifyamaximumdisksizeinMBorGB.Setthe maximumsizetoavaluebetween1MBand950GB. Ifthevirtualmachinedoesnothaveasnapshot,youcanincreasethemaximumdisk sizewhenyoueditaSCSIvirtualdisk.
Disk File Options Settings (New Disk Only)

Whencreatinganewvirtualdisk,youcanspecifywhetherspaceforthediskfilesis allocatedasneeded(calledagrowabledisk)orallocatedallatoncewhenthediskis created(calledapreallocateddisk). Agrowablediskiscreatedbydefault.Growablediskfilesuselessdiskspaceinitially andgrowtotheirmaximumsizeonlyasadditionalspaceisneeded.However,ittakes longertowritedatatogrowabledisks. IfyouselectAllocatealldiskspacenow,alldiskspaceispreallocatedatthetimethe diskiscreated.Thisprovidesbettervirtualmachineperformance.However,you cannotshrinkthedisklater. NOTEPreallocatingdiskspaceisatimeconsumingoperationthatcannotbecanceled andrequiresasmuchphysicaldiskspaceastheamountyouspecifyforvirtualdisk capacity. YouarealsogiventheoptionSplitdiskinto2GBfiles.Selectthisoptionifyourvirtual diskisstoredonafilesystem(suchasFAT16)thatdoesnotsupportfileslargerthan 2GB.
Disk Mode Settings

SelectwhetherornottorunthediskinIndependentMode.Independentdisksadda layerofcontrolandcomplexitytoyourvirtualdisks.DisksinIndependentModeare notaffectedbysnapshots.
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Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware
Ifyouhaveasnapshot,youmustremoveitbeforeyoucanchangethediskmodewhen youeditavirtualdisk.SeeRemovingaSnapshotonpage 199. IfyouselectIndependentMode,alsoselectoneofthefollowing:

PersistentDisksinpersistentmodebehavelikeconventionaldisksonyour physicalcomputer.Alldatawrittentoadiskinpersistentmodearewritten permanentlytothedisk. NonpersistentChangestodisksinnonpersistentmodearediscardedwhenyou powerofforresetthevirtualmachine.Nonpersistentmodeenablesyoutorestart thevirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskinthesamestateeverytime.Changestothe diskareactuallywrittentoandreadfromaredologfilethatisdeletedwhenyou powerofforreset.
Device Type and Node Settings

Whencreatinganewvirtualdisk,thedefaultadaptertypeisbasedonyourselected guestoperatingsystem. VirtualdiskscanbeconfiguredasIDEdisksforanyguestoperatingsystem.Theycan besetupasSCSIdisksforanyguestoperatingsystemthathasadriverfortheLSILogic (parallel),BusLogic(parallel),orLSILogicSASadapter.ThecorrectSCSIadapteris automaticallychosenbasedonyourguestoperatingsystem.Ifyouneedtochangethe adaptertype,followtheprocedureinConfiguringSCSIControllersonpage 159. NOTEForWindowsXPguestsystems,theLSILogicadapterrequiresanaddondriver fromtheLSILogicWebsite.ForWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003guestsystems, theBusLogicadapterrequiresanaddondriverfromtheVMwareWebsite.Seethe VMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuide. Eithertypeofvirtualdiskcanbestoredoneithertypeofphysicalharddisk.For example,thefilesthatmakeupanIDEvirtualdiskcanbestoredoneitheranIDEhard diskoraSCSIharddisk.Virtualdiskscanalsobestoredonothertypesoffastaccess storagemedia. Anavailabledevicenodeisselectedbydefault.
Disk Write Caching Policy Setting

Thefollowingoptionsdeterminewhenchangesarewrittentodisk:

OptimizeforsafetySavesallchangestothevirtualdiskimmediately. OptimizeforperformanceAcknowledgeschangestothevirtualdisk immediately,butsavesthematalatertime.
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Adding a Hard Disk to a Virtual Machine

Virtualdisksarestoredasfilesinadatastore.Thedatastorelocationcanbethelocalfile system,aCIFSstore(Windowsonly),oranNFSmountedfilesystem(Linuxonly).See ManagingDatastoresonpage 110. ItdoesnotmatterwhetherthedatastorelocationisonanIDEorSCSIphysicaldisk.An IDEvirtualdiskcanbestoredoneitheranIDEphysicalharddiskoronaSCSIphysical harddisk.SocanaSCSIvirtualdisk. YoucanaddaSCSIvirtualdisktoahardwareversion7virtualmachinewhenthe virtualmachineispoweredon.Forearliervirtualmachinehardwareversions,itis possibletoaddaSCSIvirtualdiskwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredononlyifa SCSIcontrollerwithanavailableslotalreadyexists.SCSIcontrollersarecreatedas needed,butcannotbecreatedwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredonforvirtual machineswithhardwareversionsearlierthan7. ItisnotpossibletoaddanIDEvirtualdiskwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon. NOTEIfyouhaveaWindowsNT4.0guestwithaSCSIvirtualdisk,youcannotadd bothanadditionalSCSIdiskandanIDEdisktotheconfiguration. To add a new or existing virtual disk 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickHardDisk. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 OntheHardDiskpage,clickoneofthefollowing:
CreateaNewVirtualDiskSelecttoaddanewblankharddisktoyour virtualmachine.ThewizarddisplaysthePropertiespage,fromwhichyoucan acceptorchangethedefaultvaluesfordiskcapacity,datastorelocation,file allocationoptions,diskmode,virtualdevicenode,andcachingpolicy settings. UseanExistingVirtualDiskSelectifyouwanttoreuseorshareavirtual harddiskthathasalreadybeencreated.ThewizarddisplaystheProperties page,fromwhichyoucanbrowsetoavirtualdisk(.vmdk)fileyoucreated previously.Afteryouselecttheexistingdiskfileusingthedatastorebrowser, itscurrentpropertiesaredisplayed.Youcanmodifythediskmode,virtual devicenode,andcachingpolicysettings.
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MakeanyrequiredchangestothedefaultvaluesonthePropertiespage,andclick Next. FordetailedinformationaboutsettingsyoucanconfigureonthePropertiespage, seeHardDiskTypesandPropertiesonpage 142. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings.
Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard. Thewizardcreatesthenewvirtualdisk.
Thevirtualdiskappearstoyourguestoperatingsystemasanewblankharddisk.Use theguestoperatingsystemsutilitiestopartitionandformatthenewdisk.
Editing a Virtual Hard Disk

Thissectiondescribeshowtochangethesettingsforanexistingharddisk. Thefileallocationoptionsaredisplayedandcannotbechanged.Whenthevirtual machineispoweredoff,youcanmodifythevirtualdevicenode. Ifthevirtualmachinedoesnothaveasnapshot,youcanalsodothefollowing:
IncreasethediskcapacityforaSCSIvirtualdisk.Thevirtualmachinemustbe poweredoff. Changethediskmode.
To edit an existing hard disk 1 2 3 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. Ifrequiredtochangethesetting,makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheharddisktomodifyand selectEdit. TheHardDiskdialogboxdisplaysinformationaboutthedisk,includingthe datastoreitisin,thelocationofthefirstfileassociatedwiththedisk,thedisk capacity,whetherthediskisgrowableorpreallocated,andwhetherthediskspans multiplefiles. 4 (Optional)Forvirtualdiskswithsettingsthatallowyoutoincreasethedisk capacity,clickIncreaseCapacityandenteranewvalueintheIncreaseByor New Capacityfield.Theotherfieldisautomaticallyadjustedtoreflectthechange.
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Ifyouhaveasnapshot,youmustremoveitbeforeyoucanchangethedisk capacity.YoucanonlychangethediskcapacityforSCSIvirtualdisks.Thevirtual machinemustbepoweredoff. SeeDiskCapacitySettingonpage 142. 5 (Optional)IntheVirtualDeviceNodesection,selectanadapteranddevicenode fromthedropdownmenus. SeeDeviceTypeandNodeSettingsonpage 143. 6 (Optional)IntheDiskModesection,selectwhetherornottorunthediskin IndependentMode.Anindependentdiskcanbepersistentornonpersistent. DisksinIndependentModearenotaffectedbysnapshots. Ifyouhaveasnapshot,youmustremoveittochangethediskmode.See RemovingaSnapshotonpage 199. AlsoseeDiskModeSettingsonpage 142. 7 (Optional)InthePoliciessection,selectthewritecachingpolicyforthedisk. SeeDiskWriteCachingPolicySettingonpage 143. 8 ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
Removing a Hard Disk from a Virtual Machine

Whenyouremoveaharddiskfromavirtualmachine,youcanchoosewhetherto removethediskfilesfromthehostsystem. To remove an existing hard disk 1 2 3 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheharddisktoremoveand selectoneofthefollowing:

RemoveRemovestheharddiskfromthevirtualmachine. DeletefromDiskRemovestheharddiskfromthevirtualmachineand deletestheassociateddiskfilesfromthehostsystem.
Adialogboxasksyoutoconfirmthatyouwanttoremovethedisk.Ifyouwantto removeit,clickYes. Thevirtualdiskisremoved.
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Virtual Disk Maintenance Tasks

Defragmentingvirtualdiskscanimproveperformance.Shrinkingvirtualdisks reclaimsunusedspace.
Defragmenting Virtual Disks

Likephysicaldisks,virtualdiskscanbecomefragmented.Defragmentationrearranges data,applications,andunusedspaceonthevirtualdisksothatprogramsrunfasterand filesopenmorequickly. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatyouhaveadequatefreeworkingspaceonthehost system.Ifyourvirtualdiskiscontainedinasinglefile,forexample,youneedfreespace equaltothesizeofthevirtualdisk.Othervirtualdiskconfigurationsrequirelessfree space. Defragmentationdoesnotreclaimunusedspaceonavirtualdisk.Forinformation abouthowtoreclaimunusedspace,seeShrinkingVirtualDisksonpage 147. To defragment a virtual disk 1 Runadiskdefragmentationutilityinsidetheguestoperatingsystem. Forexample,inaWindowsXPguestoperatingsystem,usetheWindowsXPDisk Defragmenterutility. 2 Runadiskdefragmentationutilityonthehostsystem.
Defragmentingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime.
Shrinking Virtual Disks

Shrinkingavirtualdiskreclaimsunusedspaceinthevirtualdisk.Ifadiskhasempty space,thisprocessreducestheamountofspacethatthevirtualdiskoccupiesonthe physicalharddisk. Onlyshrinkvirtualdiskswhentheamountofusedspaceonthevirtualharddiskis significantlylowerthanthesizeofthe.vmdkfilesassociatedwiththevirtualdisk.For informationaboutthefilesassociatedwithavirtualdisk,seeAppendix B,FilesThat MakeUpaVirtualMachine,onpage 323. Beforeshrinkingavirtualdisk,makesurethatthefollowingprerequisitesaremet:

VMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperatingsystem. Thehostsystemhasfreediskspaceequaltothesizeofthevirtualdiskyouplanto shrink.
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Thediskspaceisnotpreallocatedforthevirtualdisk.Ifthediskspaceis preallocated,youcannotshrinkthedisk.(ClicktheharddiskandselectEditto determinehowdiskspaceisallocated.) Thevirtualmachinedoesnothaveasnapshot.Toremoveanexistingsnapshot,see RemovingaSnapshotonpage 199. Ifthevirtualdiskisanindependentdisk,itmustbepersistent.SeeDiskMode Settingsonpage 142.
NOTETheshrinkprocessappliestoallvirtualdisks,evenifyoudonotprepareallthe virtualdisksinavirtualmachineforshrinking. To shrink a virtual disk 1 LaunchtheVMwareToolscontrolpanel:

ForaWindowsguest,doubleclicktheVMwareToolsiconinthenotification areaofthetaskbar. Iftheiconisnotavailable,selectStart>Settings>ControlPanel,and doubleclickVMwareTools.
ForaLinux,Solaris,orFreeBSDguest,openaterminalwindow,becomeroot, andrunvmware-toolbox. Ifyoushrinkdisksasanonrootuser,youcannotwipethepartsofthevirtual diskthatrequirerootlevelpermissions.
IntheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,clicktheShrinktab. Ifthevirtualmachinedoesnotallowshrinking,theShrinktabshowsthereason.
SelectthevirtualdiskstoshrinkandclickPreparetoShrink. Ifyoudeselectsomepartitions,thewholediskisstillshrunk.However,those partitionsarenotwipedforshrinking,andtheshrinkprocessdoesnotreducethe sizeofthevirtualdiskasmuchasitwouldwithallpartitionsselected. VMwareToolsreclaimsallunusedportionsofdiskpartitions(suchasdeletedfiles) andpreparesthemforshrinking.Duringthisphase,youcanstillinteractwiththe virtualmachine. WhenVMwareToolsfinisheswipingtheselecteddiskpartitions,apromptto shrinkthedisksappears.
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ClickYes. Shrinkingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime.
ClickOK.
Using VMware Virtual Disk Manager

VMwareVirtualDiskManagerisautilitythatallowsyoutocreate,manage,and modifyvirtualdiskfilesfromthecommandlineorinscripts. Unlikeaphysicaldisk,youcanenlargeavirtualdisksothatthemaximumcapacityis largerthanitwaswhenyoucreatedit.Thisisusefulifyouneedmorediskspaceina givenvirtualmachine,butdonotwanttoaddanothervirtualdiskorifyouuse ghostingsoftwaretotransferthedataonavirtualdisktoalargervirtualdisk. Youcanalsochangedisktypes.Whenyoucreateavirtualmachine,youspecifyhow diskspaceisallocated,asfollows:
Allspaceforthevirtualdiskisallocatedinadvance.Thiscorrespondstothe preallocateddisktypeforVirtualDiskManager. Spaceallocatedforthevirtualdiskgrowsasneeded.Thiscorrespondstothe growabledisktypeforVirtualDiskManager.
Ifyouallocateallthediskspaceforavirtualdiskbutlaterneedtoreclaimsomehard diskspaceonthehost,youcanconvertthepreallocatedvirtualdiskintoagrowable disk.Thenewvirtualdiskisstilllargeenoughtocontainallthedataintheoriginal virtualdisk. Youcanalsochangewhetherthevirtualdiskisstoredinasinglefileorsplitinto2GB files. SeetheVMwaretechnicalnoteaboutusingVirtualDiskManager.
Moving Virtual Disks

Akeyadvantageofvirtualdisksistheirportability.Becausethevirtualdisksarestored asfilesinadatastoreonalocalornetworkedfilesystem,youcanmovethemeasilyto anewlocationonthesamecomputerortoadifferentcomputer.Youcanalsocreate virtualdisksonaWindowshostandmovethemtoaLinuxcomputerorthereverse.
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Configuring CD/DVD Drives

YoucanuseVI WebAccesstoconfigurevirtualmachinestousephysicalCD/DVD drivesandISOimagesonthehostsystem.YoucanuseVMwareRemoteConsoleto connecttoCD/DVDdrivesandISOimagesonyourclientsystem,asdescribedin ConnectingandDisconnectingClientDevicesonpage 132. Thissectiondescribeshowtoadd,edit,andremoveCD/DVDdrivesonthehost,and howtoconfiguredrivesettings.
CD/DVD Drive Type and Properties

ThissectiondescribesthesettingsyoucanspecifyforavirtualCD/DVDdrive.Youcan configurethedeviceadaptertypeandnode.Foraphysicaldrive,youcanchoosetouse ATAPIemulationmodeoraccessthedrivedirectly. YoucanuseCD/DVDdrivestoreaddataDVDROMdiscs.DVDvideoisnot supported.
Choosing a Device Type for the CD/DVD Drive

Likeavirtualdisk,avirtualCD/DVDdriveisassociatedwithaspecificSCSIorIDE devicenode.Thetypeofdevicedoesnothavetomatchthetypeofdeviceonthehost. AnIDECD/DVDdriveonthehostcanbeconfiguredasaSCSIvirtualCD/DVDdrive, andaSCSICD/DVDdriveonthehostcanbeconfiguredasanIDEvirtualCD/DVD drive.However,ifyouwanttodomorethanreaddatafromthedrive,suchasburn discs,matchthebustypessothattheyarebothIDEorSCSI. YoucanconfigureuptofourbootablevirtualCDROMs.
Using ATAPI Emulation for CD/DVD Drives

Insomecases,theCD/DVDdrivemightnotworkcorrectlywhentheguestoperating systemiscommunicatingdirectlywiththedrive.Ifyouencounterproblemsusingyour CD/DVDdrive,tryeditingtheCD/DVDdriveandselectingATAPIemulationtowork aroundtheseproblems.Inemulationmode,youcanonlyreadfromdatadiscs. Ifyourunmorethanonevirtualmachineatatime,andiftheirCD/DVDdrivesarein emulationmode,startthevirtualmachineswiththeirCD/DVDdrivesdisconnected. ThisensuresthatyoudonothavemultiplevirtualmachinesconnectedtotheCD/DVD driveatthesametime.
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Accessing the CD/DVD Drive Directly

SelectAccessthedrivedirectlytohavetheguestoperatingsystemcommunicate directlywiththeCD/DVDdrive.DirectcommunicationwithaCD/DVDdriveenables youtoreadmultisessionCDs,performdigitalaudioextraction,viewvideo,andburn discs.
Adding a CD/DVD Drive to a Virtual Machine

YoucanaddoneormoreCD/DVDdrivestoyourvirtualmachine.Youcanconnecta virtualdrivetoaphysicaldriveorISOimagefileonthehostsystem. To add a CD/DVD drive to a virtual machine 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickCD/DVDDrive. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 SelectanoptionunderHostMediatoconnecttoadriveorISOimageonthe VMwareServerhost.
ClickUseaPhysicalDrivetoconnectthevirtualmachinesdrivetoaphysical driveonthehostsystem. ClickUseanISOImagetoconnectthevirtualmachinesdrivetoanISOimage fileonthehostsystem.
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ClickNext. DooneofthefollowingonthePropertiespage:

IfyouselectedUseaPhysicalDrive,specifythedrivetouse. IfyouselectedUseanISOImage,clickBrowsetonavigatetoafilewiththe .isoextensioninanexistingdatastore.Toenterthepathmanually,youmust usetheformat:

(Optional)Tohavethedriveconnecttothevirtualmachinewhenyoupoweron, selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault).
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(Optional)IntheVirtualDeviceNodesection,selectanadapteranddevicenode fromthedropdownmenus. Formoreinformation,seeChoosingaDeviceTypefortheCD/DVDDriveon page 150.
ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings.
Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard.
Editing a Virtual CD/DVD Drive

WhenyoueditaCD/DVDdrive,youcanmodifytheconnectionstatusandwhich physicaldriveorISOimagefiletoconnectto.Whenthevirtualmachineispoweredoff, youcanalsomodifythevirtualdevicenode. To edit an existing CD/DVD drive 1 2 3 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheCD/DVDdrivetomodify andselectEdit. SelectHostMediatoconfigureaphysicaldriveorISOimagefileonthehost system. IfyouwanttouseaCD/DVDdriveonaclientsystem,selectClientMedia.Using VI WebAccess,youcanonlychangethedevicenodeforclientdevices,as describedinStep 6.UseVMwareRemoteConsoletoselectandconnector disconnecttheclientdevice.SeeConnectingandDisconnectingClientDevices onpage 132. 4 (Optional)IntheDeviceStatussection,selectConnectatpowerontohavethe driveconnecttothevirtualmachinewhenyoupoweron.
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IntheConnectionsection,selectPhysicalDriveorISOImage.
IfyouselectPhysicalDrive,selectthedrivetouseandselectoneofthe following:
ATAPIEmulationSelectiftheguestoperatingsystemdoesnotwork correctlywhencommunicatingdirectlywiththeCD/DVDdrive.For moreinformation,seeUsingATAPIEmulationforCD/DVDDriveson page 150. AccessthedrivedirectlySelecttohavetheguestoperatingsystem communicatedirectlywiththeCD/DVDdrive.Formoreinformation,see AccessingtheCD/DVDDriveDirectlyonpage 151.
IfyouselectISOImage,clickBrowsetonavigatetoafilewiththe.iso extensioninanexistingdatastore.ToentertheISOpathmanually,youmust usetheformat:

(Optional)IntheVirtualDeviceNodesection,selectanadapteranddevicenode fromthedropdownmenus. Formoreinformation,seeChoosingaDeviceTypefortheCD/DVDDriveon page 150.
ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
Removing a CD/DVD Drive from a Virtual Machine

YoucanremoveaCD/DVDdrivefromavirtualmachineifyounolongerwanttouse thatdeviceinthevirtualmachine. To remove an existing CD/DVD drive 1 2 3 4 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheCD/DVDdrivetoremove andselectRemove. Adialogboxasksyoutoconfirmthatyouwanttoremovethedevice.Ifyouwant toremoveit,clickYes. Thedeviceisremoved.
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Configuring Floppy Drives

YoucanuseVI WebAccesstoconfigurevirtualmachinestousephysicalfloppydrives andfloppyimagesonthehostsystem.YoucanuseVMwareRemoteConsoletoconnect tofloppydrivesandfloppyimagesonyourclientsystem,asdescribedinConnecting andDisconnectingClientDevicesonpage 132. Thissectiondescribeshowtoadd,edit,andremovefloppydrivesonthehost,andhow toconfiguredrivesettings.
Adding a Floppy Drive to a Virtual Machine

Youcanconnectavirtualfloppydrivetoaphysicalfloppydriveorafloppyimagefile onthehostsystem. Youcanadduptotwofloppydrivestoyourvirtualmachine.Avirtualfloppydrivecan connecttoaphysicalfloppydriveonthehostsystem,anexistingfloppyimagefile,or anewblankfloppyimagefile. To add a new virtual floppy drive to a virtual machine 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickFloppyDrive. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 SelectanoptionunderHostMediatoconnecttoafloppydriveorfloppyimageon theVMwareServerhost.
ClickUseaPhysicalDrivetoconnectthevirtualfloppydrivetoaphysical driveonthehostsystem. ClickUseaFloppyImagetoconnectthevirtualfloppydrivetoafloppy imagefileonthehostsystem.
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ClickNext. DooneofthefollowingonthePropertiespage:

IfyouselectedUseaPhysicalDrive,selectthedrivetouse. IfyouselectedUseanexistingfloppyimageorCreateablankfloppyimage, clickBrowsetonavigatetoafilewiththe.flpextensioninanexisting datastore.Toenterthepathmanually,youmustusetheformat:

[ datastore_name ] path_and_filename.flp
(Optional)Tohavethedriveconnecttothevirtualmachinewhenyoupoweron, selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault).
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NOTEBydefault,onlyonefloppydriveisenabledinthevirtualmachinesBIOS.Ifyou areaddingasecondfloppydrivetothevirtualmachine,configurethevirtualmachine toentertheBIOSsetuputilitywhenitboots,asdescribedinChangingVirtual MachinePowerSettingsonpage 125.Onthemainscreen,selectLegacyDisketteB: andusetheplus(+)andminus()keysonthenumericalkeypadtoselectthetypeof floppydriveyouwanttouse.PressF10tosaveyourchangesandclosetheBIOSsetup utility.
Editing a Virtual Floppy Drive

Whenyoueditavirtualfloppydrive,youcanmodifytheconnectionstatusandwhich physicaldriveorfloppyimagefiletoconnectto.Whenthevirtualmachineispowered off,youcanalsochangethevirtualdevicenode. Youcanconnectonlyonevirtualfloppydrivetoeachphysicaldriveonthehostsystem. Thephysicaldevicecanbeconnectedtoonlyonevirtualmachineatatime. To edit an existing floppy drive 1 2 3 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clickthefloppydrivetomodifyand selectEdit. SelectHostMediatoconfigureaphysicaldriveorfloppyimagefileonthehost system. Ifyouwanttouseafloppydriveonaclientsystem,selectClientMedia.Use VMwareRemoteConsoletoselectandconnectordisconnecttheclientdevice.See ConnectingandDisconnectingClientDevicesonpage 132. 4 (Optional)IntheDeviceStatussection,selectConnectatpowerontohavethe driveconnecttothevirtualmachinewhenyoupoweron.
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IntheConnectionsection,specifywhethertoconnecttoaphysicaldriveora floppyimage.SelectPhysicalDrive,FloppyImage,orNewFloppyImage.
IfyouselectPhysicalDrive,selectaphysicaldriveonthehostsystemfrom thedropdownmenu. IfyouselectFloppyImage,clickBrowsetonavigatetoafilewiththe.flp extensioninanexistingdatastore.Toenterthepathmanually,youmustuse theformat:

IfyouselectNewFloppyImage,clickBrowsetonavigatetoanewblank floppyimagefilewiththe.flpextensioninanexistingdatastore.Toenterthe pathmanually,youmustusetheformat:

Removing a Floppy Drive from a Virtual Machine

Youcanremoveafloppydrivefromavirtualmachineifyounolongerwanttousethat deviceinthevirtualmachine. To remove an existing floppy drive 1 2 3 4 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clickthefloppydriveandselect Remove. Adialogboxasksyoutoconfirmthatyouwanttoremovethedevice.Ifyouwant toremoveit,clickYes. Thedeviceisremoved.
Configuring Passthrough (Generic) SCSI Devices

PassthroughSCSIdevicesintheguestoperatingsystemhavedirectaccesstoSCSI devicesconnectedtothehost,suchasscanners,tapedrives,andotherdatastorage devices.UsingthegenericSCSIdriver,VMwareServerallowsavirtualmachineto accessanySCSIdevicethatissupportedbytheguestoperatingsystem.
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Intheory,genericSCSIiscompletelydeviceindependent,butVMwarehasdiscovered thatitissensitivetotheguestoperatingsystem,deviceclass,andspecificSCSI hardware.TryanySCSIhardwareandreportproblemstoVMwaretechnicalsupport. Youcanadd,edit,andremovegenericSCSIdevices.
Adding a Passthrough (Generic) SCSI Device to a Virtual Machine

AddapassthroughSCSIdevicetoavirtualmachinetomaptheSCSIvirtualdeviceto aphysicalpassthroughSCSIdeviceonthehost. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatyouhavethefollowingrequiredpermissions:
OnWindowshosts,youmustrunVMwareServerasauserwithadministrator access. OnLinuxhosts,youmustbeloggedonasauserwhohasreadandwrite permissionstousethedevice.
To add a passthrough SCSI device to a virtual machine 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickPassthroughSCSI Device. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 SelectaSCSIdevicetouse. AphysicalSCSIdevicemustbeattachedtothedevice,anditmustbeconnectedto thevirtualmachine. 3 4 (Optional)IntheVirtualDeviceNodesection,selectaSCSIadapteranddevice nodefromthedropdownmenus. ClickOK.
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Editing a Virtual Passthrough (Generic) SCSI Device

WhenyoueditapassthroughSCSIdevice,youcanchangethephysicaldevice.When thevirtualmachineispoweredoff,youcanalsochangethevirtualdevicenode. To edit an existing generic SCSI device 1 2 3 4 5 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheSCSIdevicetomodifyand selectEdit. (Optional)UnderConnection,selectthephysicaldevicetouse. (Optional)UnderVirtualDeviceNode,selectaSCSIdeviceadapterandan availablenodefromthedropdownmenus. ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
Removing a Passthrough (Generic) SCSI Device from a Virtual Machine

YoucanremoveagenericSCSIdevicefromavirtualmachineifyounolongerwantto usethatdeviceinthevirtualmachine. To remove an SCSI device 1 2 3 4 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheSCSIdeviceandselect Remove. Adialogboxasksyoutoconfirmthatyouwanttoremovethedevice.Ifyouwant toremoveit,clickYes. Thedeviceisremoved.
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Configuring SCSI Controllers

SCSIcontrollersareaddedandremovedautomaticallyasneeded.VMwareServer supportsuptofourSCSIcontrollers. YoucanedittheSCSIcontrollerdevicetype. CAUTIONChangingthedevicetypebeforeyouinstallthecorrespondingdriverinthe guestoperatingsystemmightpreventthevirtualmachinefrombooting.SeeDevice TypeandNodeSettingsonpage 143. To edit an existing SCSI controller 1 2 3 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheSCSIcontrollerandselect Edit. ClickModifydevicetypetochangetheSCSIcontrollerdevicetype. ThechoicesareBusLogicorLSILogicparallelinterfaces.Forhardwareversion7 virtualmachines,youcanalsoselectLSISASserialinterface. 4 ClickOK.
Configuring USB Controllers and Devices

ThissectiondescribeshowtoaddandremoveaUSBcontroller,andhowtoconfigure USBdevicesforvirtualmachines.
Adding a USB Controller to a Virtual Machine

Youcanaddonlyonecontrollerpervirtualmachine,butthecontrollersupports multipleUSBdevices.
To add a USB controller to a virtual machine

1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickUSBController. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresetting. 2 Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard.
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Whenthevirtualmachineispoweredon,aUSBcontrollermenuappearsinthetoolbar. UseittoconnecttoUSBdevices,asdescribedinConnectingUSBDeviceson page 160.
Removing a USB Controller from a Virtual Machine

YoucanremovetheUSBcontrollerfromavirtualmachineifyounolongerwanttouse USBdevicesinthevirtualmachine. To remove the USB controller 1 2 3 4 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheUSBcontrollerandselect Remove. Adialogboxasksyoutoconfirmthatyouwanttoremovethecontroller.Ifyou wanttoremoveit,clickYes. TheUSBcontrollerisremoved.
Connecting USB Devices

BeforeyoucanuseUSBdevicesinavirtualmachine,youmustaddaUSBcontroller. SeeAddingaUSBControllertoaVirtualMachineonpage 159. WhenyouphysicallypluganewUSBdeviceintothehostsystem,thedeviceisinitially connectedtothehost.ThedevicenameisalsoaddedtothePluggedintoHostlistin theUSBcontrollertoolbarmenusothatyoucanconnectittothevirtualmachine,as describedinthissection. IfthephysicalUSBdeviceisconnectedtothehostsystemthroughahub,thevirtual machineseesonlytheUSBdevice,notthehub. To connect a USB device to a virtual machine 1 2 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. FromtheUSBcontrollermenuinthetoolbar,selectthedeviceyouwanttoconnect tointhePluggedintoHostlist.
WhentheUSBdeviceisconnectedtothevirtualmachine,itappearsasselectedinthe toolbarmenu.
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To release a connected USB device 1 2 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. FromtheUSBcontrollermenuinthetoolbar,deselectthedeviceyouwantto disconnect.
TheUSBdevicereturnstothedeselectedstateinthetoolbarmenu.
Using USB Devices in a Virtual Machine

VMwareServerprovidesatwoportUSBcontrollersothatyoucanconnecttobothUSB 1.1andUSB2.0devices. USB2.0supportisavailableonlyforVMwareproductsthatsupportvirtualmachine hardwareversion6or7,suchasVMwareServer2andWorkstation6.Yourhost machinemustalsosupportUSB2.0. Onthehostsystem,whenaUSB2.0deviceconnectstoaport,thedeviceconnectsto theEHCIcontrollerandoperatesinUSB2.0mode.AUSB1.1deviceisautomatically connectedtoaUHCIcontrollerandoperatesinUSB1.1mode.Thisenablesyouto connecttohighspeedorisochronousUSBdevicessuchaswebcams,speakers,and microphones. AlthoughyourhostoperatingsystemmustsupportUSB,youdonotneedtoinstall devicespecificdriversforyourUSBdevicesinthehostoperatingsystemtousethose devicesonlyinthevirtualmachine. NOTEWindowsNTandLinuxkernelsolderthan2.2.17donotsupportUSB. OnWindowsXPguests,besuretoinstallthelatestservicepackifyouwanttouseUSB 2.0.IfyouuseWindowsXPwithnoservicepacks,thedriverfortheEHCIcontroller cannotbeloaded. VMwarehastestedavarietyofUSBdeviceswiththisrelease.Withtheappropriate guestoperatingsystemdrivers,youcanusePDAs,printers,storage(disk)devices, scanners,MP3players,digitalcameras,andmemorycardreaders.
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Using USB with a Windows Host

WhenaparticularUSBdeviceisconnectedtoavirtualmachineforthefirsttime,the hostdetectsitasanewdevicenamedVMwareUSBDeviceandinstallstheappropriate VMwaredriver. OnsomeWindowshostsystems,confirmationisrequiredintheFoundNewHardware wizard.Selectthedefaultaction,Installthesoftwareautomatically.Afterthesoftware isinstalled,theguestoperatingsystemdetectstheUSBdeviceandsearchesfora suitabledriver. WhenyouaresynchronizingaPDAtoavirtualmachineforthefirsttime,thetotaltime requiredtoloadtheVMwareUSBdevicedriverinthehostandthePDAdriverinthe guestmightexceedthedevicesconnectiontimeoutvalue.Thiscausesthedeviceto disconnectitselffromthecomputerbeforetheguestcansynchronizewithit.Ifthis occurs,lettheguestfinishinstallingthePDAdriver,dismissanyconnectionerror warnings,andtrysynchronizingthePDAagain.Thesecondattemptusuallysucceeds.
Replacing USB 2.0 Drivers on a Windows 2000 Host

TouseVMwareServeronaWindows2000hostthathasUSB2.0ports,youmustuse theMicrosoftUSB2.0driversfortheUSBcontrollerinthehostoperatingsystem.If yourhostoperatingsystemisusingathirdpartydriveradriversuppliedbyyour motherboardvendor,forexampleyoumustreplaceit. To check the provider of your driver 1 OpentheDeviceManager,asfollows: a b 2 3 4 RightclickMyComputerandselectProperties. ClicktheHardwaretabandclickDeviceManager.
ExpandthelistingforUniversalSerialBuscontrollers. RightclickthelistingforthecontrollerandselectProperties. ClicktheDrivertab. IfthedriverprovidershownonthatpageisMicrosoft,youhavethecorrectdriver already.
IfthedriverproviderisnotMicrosoft,downloadthelatestUSBdriverforyourhost operatingsystemfromtheMicrosoftWebsiteandfollowtheMicrosoftinstructionsto installit.DetailsareavailableinMicrosoftknowledgebasearticle319973.
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Using USB with a Linux Host

OnLinuxhosts,VMwareServerusestheUSBdevicefilesystemtoconnecttoUSB devices.InLinuxsystemsthatsupportUSB,theUSBdevicefilesystemisusually /proc/bus/usb. IfyourhostoperatingsystemusesadifferentpathtotheUSBdevicefilesystem,run thefollowingcommandasroottomountthefilesystemtotheexpectedlocation:
mount -t usbfs none /proc/bus/usb
DonotattempttoaddaUSBdrivesdevicenode(forexample,/dev/sda)directoryto thevirtualmachineasaharddisk.
How Device Control Is Shared Between Host and Guest

OnlythehostortheguestcanhavecontrolofaUSBdeviceatanyonetime.Device controloperatesdifferently,dependingonwhetherthehostisaLinuxoraWindows computer. Device Control on a Windows Host Whenyouconnectadevicetoavirtualmachine,itisunpluggedfromthehostor fromthevirtualmachinethatpreviouslyhadcontrolofthedevice.Whenyou disconnectadevicefromavirtualmachine,itispluggedintothehost. CAUTIONOnWindows2000andWindowsServer2003hosts,youneedtotakea specialsteptodisconnectUSBnetworkandstoragedevicesfromthehostbefore connectingthemtoavirtualmachine.Usetheappropriatesystemtrayiconto disconnectthedevicefromthehost.OnWindows2000,theiconiscalledEject Hardware,andonWindowsServer2003,itiscalledSafelyRemoveHardware. OnWindowshosts,whenyouconnectaUSBnetworkorstoragedevicetoavirtual machine,youmightseeamessageonyourhostthatsaysthedevicecanberemoved safely.Thisisnormalbehavior,andyoucandismissthedialogbox.However,donot removethedevicefromyourphysicalcomputer. Undersomecircumstances,ifaUSBstoragedeviceisinuseonthehost(forexample, oneormorefilesstoredonthedeviceareopenonthehost),anerrorappearsinthe virtualmachinewhenyoutrytoconnecttothedevice.Youmustletthehostcomplete itsoperationorcloseanyapplicationconnectedtothedeviceonthehost,andthen connecttothedeviceinthevirtualmachineagain.
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Device Control on a Linux Host OnLinuxhosts,guestoperatingsystemscanusedevicesthatarenotalreadyinuseby thehost(devicesthatarenotclaimedbyahostoperatingsystemdriver). Ifyourdeviceisinusebythehost,youcanunloadthedevicedrivermanuallyasroot (su -)byusingthermmodcommand.Or,ifthedriverwasautomaticallyloadedby hotplug,youcandisableitinthehotplugconfigurationfilesinthe/etc/hotplug directory.SeeyourLinuxdistributionsdocumentationfordetailsoneditingthese configurationfiles. Sometimesdevicesthatrelyonautomaticconnection(asPDAsoftendo)experience connectionproblems.Ifyouhavesuccessfullyusedautoconnectiontoconnectthe devicetoyourvirtualmachinebutlaterexperienceproblemswiththeconnectiontothe device,trythefollowingprocedure. To correct autoconnection problems 1 2 Disconnectandreconnectthedevicebyunpluggingitphysicallyandpluggingit backin. Ifyouseeadialogboxwarningthatthedeviceisinuse,disableitinthehotplug configurationfilesinthe/etc/hotplugdirectory.
Disconnecting USB Devices from a Virtual Machine

BeforeunpluggingaUSBdevice,besureitisinasafestate. Followtheproceduresthatthedevicemanufacturerspecifiesforunpluggingthedevice fromaphysicalcomputer.Thisisrequiredwhetheryouarephysicallyunpluggingit, movingitfromhosttovirtualmachine,movingitbetweenvirtualmachines,ormoving itfromvirtualmachinetohost.Thisisespeciallyimportantwithdatastoragedevices (suchasaZipdrive).Ifyoumoveadatastoragedevicetoosoonaftersavingafile,and theoperatingsystemhasnotactuallywrittenthedatatothedisk,youcanlosedata.
Configuring Sound
VMwareServerprovidesasounddevicecompatiblewiththeCreativeLabsSound BlasterAudioPCIadapterandsupportssoundinavarietyofWindowsandLinuxguest operatingsystems. SoundsupportincludesPCM(pulsecodemodulation)outputandinput.Forexample, youcanplay.wavfiles,MP3audio,andRealMediaaudio.MIDIoutputfromWindows guestsissupportedthroughtheWindowssoftwaresynthesizer.MIDIinputisnot supported,andnoMIDIsupportisavailableforLinuxguests.
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Windows2000,WindowsXP,andmostrecentLinuxdistributionsautomaticallydetect thesounddeviceandinstallappropriatedriversforit. WhenyouinstallVMwareToolsina64bitWindowsVistaguestoperatingsystem,a sounddriverisinstalled.For32bitWindowsVistaguestsandWindows2003Server guests,useWindowsUpdatetoinstalla32bitdriver.Windows95,Windows98, Windows98SE,andWindowsNT4.0donothavedriversfortheSoundBlaster AudioPCIadapter.Tousesoundintheseguestoperatingsystems,downloadthedriver fromtheCreativeLabsWebsite(www.creative.com)andinstallitintheguest operatingsystem.CreativeLabshasanumberofWebsitesservingvariousregionsof theworld.Theadapternamevaries,dependingontheregion,butusuallyincludes PCI 128.
Adding a Sound Adapter to a Virtual Machine

Youcanaddonlyonesoundadapterpervirtualmachine. To add a sound adapter to the virtual machine 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickSoundAdapter. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 3 4 OnthePropertiespage,selectthephysicalsoundadapteronthehostmachine,or selectAutoDetect(thedefault)todetectthesoundadapterautomatically. (Optional)Toconnectthisvirtualmachinetothesoundadapterwhenthevirtual machineispoweredon,selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings. 5 Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard.
Editing a Virtual Sound Adapter

Youcaneditthesoundadaptertochangetheconnectiontypeandwhetheritis connectedatpoweron. To edit an existing sound adapter 1 2 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clickthesoundadaptertomodify andselectEdit.
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(Optional)Toconnectthisvirtualmachinetothesoundadapterwhenthevirtual machineispoweredon,selectConnectatpoweron. Selectthephysicalsoundadapteronthehostmachine,orselectAutoDetectto detectthesoundadapterautomatically. ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
Removing a Sound Adapter from a Virtual Machine

Youcanremovethesoundadapterfromavirtualmachineifyounolongerwanttouse thehostsystemssounddevice. To remove an existing sound adapter 1 2 3 4 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. OntheSummarytab,clickthesoundadapterandselectRemove. Adialogboxasksyoutoconfirmthatyouwanttoremovethedevice.Ifyouwant toremoveit,clickYes. Thedeviceisremoved.
Configuring Serial Ports

Youcanconfigureaserialportinavirtualmachinetouseaphysicalserialportonthe hostsystem.Avirtualserialportenablesyoutouseanexternalmodemorahandheld deviceinyourvirtualmachine.Youcanalsoconfigureavirtualserialporttosendits outputtoafileonthehostsystem.Theoutputfileenablesyoutocapturethedatafrom anapplicationrunninginthevirtualmachineortoquicklytransferafilefromtheguest systemtothehostsystem.
Adding a Serial Port to a Virtual Machine

Thissectiondescribeshowtoconfigureavirtualserialportinavirtualmachinetouse anyofthefollowing:

Aphysicalserialportonthehostsystem Anoutputfileonthehostsystem Anamedpipe
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To add a physical serial port to the virtual machine 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickSerialPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 3 4 5 ClickUsePhysicalSerialPorttoconnecttoaphysicalportonthehostmachine. OnthePropertiespage,selectaphysicalportfromthedropdownmenu. (Optional)Toconnecttothehostsserialportwhenthevirtualmachineispowered on,selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). (Optional)ExpandI/OModetoselectYieldCPUonpoll,whichisdeselectedby default. Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode.Formoreinformation,seeYieldingCPUonPolltoImprove PerformanceWhenDebuggingonpage 176. 6 ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings. 7 Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard.
To add an output file serial port to the virtual machine 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickSerialPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 3 ClickUseOutputFiletosendtheoutputofanapplicationrunningintheguest systemtoafileonthehostsystem. OnthePropertiespage,enterthepathandfilenamefortheoutputfileorclick Browsetonavigatetoafileinanexistingdatastore.Toenterthepathmanually, youmustusetheformat:[ datastore_name ] path_and_filename (Optional)Toconnecttothehostsoutputfilewhenthevirtualmachineispowered on,selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). (Optional)ExpandI/OModetoselectYieldCPUonpoll,whichisdeselectedby default. Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode.Formoreinformation,seeYieldingCPUonPolltoImprove PerformanceWhenDebuggingonpage 176.
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To add a named pipe serial port to the virtual machine 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickSerialPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 3 ClickUseNamedPipetoconnectthisvirtualmachinetoanapplicationoranother virtualmachinerunningonthehostmachine. OnthePropertiespage,enterthepathandfilenameforthepipe.Dependingonthe hostsystem,enteroneofthefollowing:
OnWindowshosts:Thepipenamemustbeintheformat \\.\pipe\<namedpipe>.Thenamemustbeginwith\\.\pipe\. OnLinuxhosts:Thepipenamemustbe/tmp/<socket>oranotherUNIX socketnameofyourchoice.
ForNearEnd,selectwhethertheapplicationrunningintheguestoperating systemwillfunctionasaserveroraclient.

SelectIsaservertostartthisendoftheconnectionfirst. SelectIsaclienttostartthefarendoftheconnectionfirst.
ForFarEnd,specifywheretheapplicationthatthevirtualmachinewillconnectto islocated.
SelectIsavirtualmachineiftheapplicationthatthevirtualmachinewill connecttoislocatedonanothervirtualmachineonthehostsystem. SelectIsanapplicationiftheapplicationthatthevirtualmachinewillconnect toisrunningdirectlyonthehostsystem.
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(Optional)Toconnecttothenamedpipewhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon, selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). (Optional)ExpandI/OModetoselectYieldCPUonpoll,whichisdeselectedby default. Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode.Formoreinformation,seeYieldingCPUonPolltoImprove PerformanceWhenDebuggingonpage 176.
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Editing a Virtual Serial Port

Youcaneditanexistingvirtualserialporttochangeitsconfigurationsettings. To edit an existing serial port 1 2 3 4 5 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheserialporttomodify. (Optional)Toconnecttotheserialportwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon, selectConnectatpoweron. Selecttheconnectiontypeandconfigureitasfollows:

PhysicalSelectthehostserialportfromthedropdownmenu. FileEnterthepathandfilenamefortheoutputfileorclickBrowseto navigatetoafileinanexistingdatastore.Toenterthepathmanually,youmust usetheformat:[ datastore_name ] path_and_filename NamedPipeEnterthepathandfilenameforthepipe. UnderNearEnd,specifywhethertheapplicationrunningintheguest operatingsystemwillfunctionasaserveroraclient.

SelectIsaservertostartthisendoftheconnectionfirst. SelectIsaclienttostartthefarendoftheconnectionfirst.
UnderFarEnd,specifywheretheapplicationthatthevirtualmachinewill connecttoislocated.
SelectIsavirtualmachineiftheapplicationthatthevirtualmachinewill connecttoislocatedonanothervirtualmachineonthehost. SelectIsanapplicationiftheapplicationthatthevirtualmachinewill connecttoisrunningdirectlyonthehostmachine.
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(Optional)SelectYieldCPUonpoll. Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode.Formoreinformation,seeYieldingCPUonPolltoImprove PerformanceWhenDebuggingonpage 176.
Removing a Serial Port from a Virtual Machine

Youcanremoveaserialportfromavirtualmachineifyounolongerwanttouseit. To remove an existing serial port 1 2 3 4 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheserialportandselect Remove. Adialogboxasksyoutoconfirmthatyouwanttoremovethedevice.Ifyouwant toremoveit,clickYes. Thedeviceisremoved.
Serial Port General Usage Examples

AVMwareServervirtualmachinecanuseuptofourvirtualserialports.Youcan configurevirtualserialportsinthefollowingways:

Connectavirtualserialporttoaphysicalserialportonthehostsystem Connectavirtualserialporttoafileonthehostsystem Connectavirtualmachinewithanapplicationrunningonthehostsystem Connecttwovirtualmachinesonthesamehostsystem
Thissectionprovidesspecificexamplesofthelattertwoconfigurations.
Connecting a Virtual Machine with an Application on the Host System

Youcanconfigureavirtualserialporttoconnecttoanapplicationonthehostsystem. Forexample,youcancapturedebugginginformationsentfromthevirtualmachines serialporttoanapplicationonthehost.
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To connect a virtual serial port and an application on the host 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickSerialPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 3 ClickUseNamedPipe. OnthePropertiespage,enterthepathandfilenameforthepipe.Dependingonthe hostsystem,enteroneofthefollowing:
FortheNearEnd,selectIsaserverorIsaclient. SelectIsaserverifyouplantostartthisendoftheconnectionfirst.
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FortheFarEnd,selectIsanapplication. (Optional)Toconnecttothenamedpipewhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon, selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). (Optional)ExpandI/OModetoselectYieldCPUonpoll,whichisdeselectedby default. Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode.Formoreinformation,seeYieldingCPUonPolltoImprove PerformanceWhenDebuggingonpage 176.
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Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard. Onyourhostsystem,configuretheapplicationthatcommunicateswiththevirtual machinetousethesamepipename(foraWindowshost)ortheUNIXsocketname (foraLinuxhost). Poweronthevirtualmachine.
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Connecting Two Virtual Machines

Youcansetupthevirtualserialportsintwovirtualmachinestoconnecttoeachother. Forexample,anapplicationinonevirtualmachine(theclient)cancapturedebugging informationsentfromtheother(theserver)virtualmachinesserialport. Thefollowingproceduresdescribehowtosetuptheserverandtheclienttoconnectto eachotherusingvirtualserialports. To set up the server side of the connection 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickSerialPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 3 ClickUseNamedPipe. OnthePropertiespage,enterthepathandfilenameforthepipe.Dependingonthe hostsystem,enteroneofthefollowing:
4 5 6 7
SelectThisendistheserver. SelectTheotherendisavirtualmachine. (Optional)Toconnecttothenamedpipewhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon, selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). (Optional)ExpandI/OModetoselectYieldCPUonpoll,whichisdeselectedby default. Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode.Formoreinformation,seeYieldingCPUonPolltoImprove PerformanceWhenDebuggingonpage 176.
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Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard. Poweronthevirtualmachine.
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To set up the client side of the connection 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickSerialPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 3 ClickUseNamedPipe. OnthePropertiespage,enterthepathandfilenameforthepipe.Dependingonthe hostsystem,enteroneofthefollowing:
4 5 6 7
SelectThisendistheclient. SelectTheotherendisavirtualmachine. (Optional)Toconnecttothenamedpipewhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon, selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). (Optional)ExpandI/OModetoselectYieldCPUonpoll,whichisdeselectedby default. Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode.Formoreinformation,seeYieldingCPUonPolltoImprove PerformanceWhenDebuggingonpage 176.
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Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard. Poweronthevirtualmachine.
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Serial Port Debugging Usage Examples

YoucanuseDebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)orthecommandlineKernel Debugger(KD)todebugkernelcodeinavirtualmachineoveravirtualserialport.You candownloadDebuggingToolsforWindowsfromtheWindowsDDKWebsiteat http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/default.mspx. Thefollowingexamplesillustratehowtouseavirtualserialporttodebugkernelcode:

WiththedebuggingapplicationontheVMwareServerhost(Windowshostonly) Withthedebuggingapplicationinanothervirtualmachineonthesame VMware Serverhost(LinuxorWindows)
Eitherofthesemethodsenablesyoutodebugkernelcodeonasinglesystem,instead ofrequiringtwophysicalcomputers,amodem,oraserialcable.
Debugging an Application in a Virtual Machine from the Windows or Linux Host

Inthisexample,youhavekernelcodetodebuginavirtualmachine(calledthetarget virtualmachine)andarerunningWinDbgorKDonyourWindowshost. To prepare the target virtual machine FollowthestepsinConnectingaVirtualMachinewithanApplicationontheHost Systemonpage 170,andconfigurethevirtualmachinesvirtualserialportasfollows:

FortheNearEnd,selectIsaserver. SelectYieldCPUonpoll.Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtual serialportinpolledmode,notinterruptmode.
To prepare the host Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatyouhaveaversionofDebuggingToolsforWindows thatsupportsdebuggingoverapipe.Youmusthaveversion4.0.18.0orhigher. To debug an application using WinDbg or KD 1 2 3 Poweronthevirtualmachine. Edittheserialport. Makesurethattheserialportisconnected.
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Confirmthepathandfilenameforthepipe.Dependingonthehostsystem,enter oneofthefollowing:
Atthecommandpromptonthehostsystem,dooneofthefollowing:
IfyouareusingWinDbg,enterthefollowing:
windbg -k com:port=\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,pipe
IfyouareusingKD,enterthefollowing:
kd -k com:port=\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,pipe
PressEntertostartdebugging.
Debugging an Application in a Virtual Machine from Another Virtual Machine

Inthisexample,youhavekernelcodetodebuginavirtualmachine(thetargetvirtual machine)andarerunningDebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)orKernelDebugger (KD)inanothervirtualmachine(thedebuggervirtualmachine)onthesamehost. ThissetupisusefulifyouarerunningVMwareServeronaLinuxhost.Thedebugger virtualmachinemustberunningDebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)orKernel Debugger(KD)inaWindowsguestoperatingsystem. To prepare the target virtual machine 1 2 FollowthestepsfortheservervirtualmachineinConnectingTwoVirtual Machinesonpage 172. Whenyouconfigurethetargetvirtualmachinesvirtualserialport,youmustselect YieldCPUonpoll.Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserial portinpolledmode,notinterruptmode.
To prepare the debugger virtual machine 1 2 MakesurethatyouhavedownloadedDebuggingToolsforWindows. FollowthestepsfortheclientvirtualmachineinConnectingTwoVirtual Machinesonpage 172.
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When you are ready to continue, complete the following steps: 1 2 3 Poweronbothvirtualmachines. Makesurethattheserialportisconnected. Inthedebuggervirtualmachine,startdebuggingwithWinDbgorKD.
Advanced Options for Debugging Applications

Certainconfigurationoptionsareavailableforserialconnectionsbetweenavirtual machineandthehostorbetweentwovirtualmachines.Theseoptionsareprimarilyof interesttodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthatcommunicateoveraserial connection. Yielding CPU on Poll to Improve Performance When Debugging WhenyouselectYieldCPUonPoll,youforcetheaffectedvirtualmachinetoyield processortimeiftheonlytaskitistryingtoperformistopollthevirtualserialport. Thisoptionisusefulwhentheserialportisbeingusedbytheguestoperatingsystem inpolledmodeasopposedtointerruptmode.Polledmodecausesthevirtualmachine toconsumeadisproportionateshareofCPUtime,whichcancausethehostandother gueststorunsluggishly. Changing the Input Speed of the Serial Connection Thisoptionincreasesthespeedofyourserialconnectionoverapipetothevirtual machine.Inprinciple,thereisnolimitontheoutputspeed,whichisthespeedatwhich thevirtualmachinesendsdatathroughthevirtualserialport.Inpractice,theoutput speeddependsonhowfasttheapplicationattheotherendofthepipereadsdatabeing senttoit. To change the input speed of the serial connection 1 2 3 Usetheguestoperatingsystemtoconfiguretheserialportforthehighestsetting supportedbytheapplicationyouarerunninginthevirtualmachine. Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Addtheserial<n>.pipe.charTimePercentparametertoyourvirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)fileasdescribedinChangingVirtualMachine AdvancedSettingsonpage 127,andsetittoapositiveintegervalue,asfollows:
nisthenumberoftheserialport,startingfrom0.Sothefirstserialportis serial0.
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Thevalueisapositiveintegerthatspecifiesthetimetakentotransmita character,expressedasapercentageofthedefaultspeedsetfortheserialport intheguestoperatingsystem.Forexample,asettingof200forcestheportto taketwiceaslongpercharacter,orsenddataathalfthedefaultspeed.A settingof50forcestheporttotakehalfaslongpercharacter,orsenddataat twicethedefaultspeed. Tosettheserialportspeedappropriatelyintheguestoperatingsystem, experimentwiththissetting.Startwithavalueof100andgraduallydecrease ituntilyoufindthehighestspeedatwhichyourconnectionworksreliably.
Poweronthevirtualmachine.
Configuring Parallel Ports

Parallelportsareusedbyavarietyofdevices,includingprinters,scanners,dongles, anddiskdrives. Avirtualparallelportcanconnecttoaparallelportorafileonthehostsystem.
Adding a Parallel Port to a Virtual Machine

Youcanaddavirtualparallelportthatconnectstoaphysicalparallelportoranoutput file. To add a physical parallel port to the virtual machine 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickParallelPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 3 4 5 ClickUseaphysicalparallelporttoconnecttoaphysicalportonthehost machine. OnthePropertiespage,selectaphysicalportfromthedropdownmenu. (Optional)Toconnecttothehostsserialportwhenthevirtualmachineispowered on,selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings. 6 Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard.
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To add an output file parallel port to the virtual machine 1 2 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickParallelPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 3 4 ClickOutputfile. OnthePropertiespage,typethepathandfilenamefortheoutputfileorclick Browsetonavigatetoafileinanexistingdatastore.Toenterthepathmanually, youmustusetheformat:[ datastore_name ] path_and_filename (Optional)Toconnecttothehostsserialportwhenthevirtualmachineispowered on,selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings. 7 Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard.
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Editing a Virtual Parallel Port

Youcaneditavirtualparallelporttochangeitsconfigurationsettings. To edit an existing parallel port 1 2 3 4 5 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheparallelporttomodify. Toconnecttotheparallelportwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon,select Connectatpoweron. Selecttheconnectiontypeandconfigureitasfollows:

PhysicalSelectthehostparallelportfromthedropdownmenu. FileEnterthepathandfilenamefortheoutputfileorclickBrowseto navigatetoafileinanexistingdatastore.Toenterthepathmanually,youmust usetheformat:[ datastore_name ] path_and_filename
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Removing a Parallel Port from a Virtual Machine

Youcanremoveavirtualparallelportfromavirtualmachineifyounolongerwantto useit. To remove an existing parallel port 1 2 3 4 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheparallelporttoremoveand selectRemove. Adialogboxasksyoutoconfirmthatyouwanttoremovethedevice.Ifyouwant toremoveit,clickYes. Thedeviceisremoved.
Using Parallel Ports

Parallelportsareusedbyavarietyofdevices,includingprinters,scanners,dongles, anddiskdrives. Currently,VMwareServerprovidesonlypartialemulationofPS/2hardware. Interruptsrequestedbyadeviceconnectedtothephysicalportarenotpassedtothe virtualmachine.Also,theguestoperatingsystemcannotuseDMA(directmemory access)tomovedatatoorfromtheport.Forthisreason,notalldevicesthatattachto theparallelportareguaranteedtoworkcorrectly. Youcanattachuptothreeparallelportstoavirtualmachine.Thevirtualparallelport canconnecttoaparallelportorafileonthehostoperatingsystem.
Configuring a Parallel Port on a Windows Host

Ifavirtualmachineisconfiguredwithaparallelport,mostguestoperatingsystems detectitatinstallationtimeandinstalltherequireddrivers.Someoperatingsystems, includingWindowsNT,andWindows2000,automaticallydetecttheportsatboottime. Others,likeWindows95andWindows98,donot. InaWindows95orWindows98guest,afteryouaddtheport,runtheguestoperating systemsAddNewHardwarewizard(Start>Settings>ControlPanel>AddNew Hardware)soWindowscandetectthenewdevice.
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Configuring a Parallel Port on a Linux Host

Fortheparallelporttoworkproperlyinaguestoperatingsystem,itmustfirstbe configuredproperlyonthehostsystem.Thissectiondiscussesissueswithparallelport functionalitythatarearesultoftheincorrectconfigurationofthefollowinghost settings:

Linuxkernelversion Deviceaccesspermissions Requiredmodules
Parallel Ports and Linux 2.2.x Kernels

The2.2.xkernelsthatsupportparallelportsusetheparport,parport_pc,and vmppusermodules.MakesurethatPCStyleHardware(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)is loadedasamodule.OnLinuxhosts,VMwareServerrequiresthattheparallelport PCstylehardwareoption(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)bebuiltandloadedasakernel module(settom).VMwareServercannotuseparallelportdevicesif CONFIG_PARPORT_PCisbuiltdirectly(compiled)intothekernel.Thislimitation existsbecauseCONFIG_PARPORT_PCdoesnotcorrectlyexportitssymbols. ThevmppusermoduleissuppliedbyVMwareServertoallowvirtualmachines userlevelaccesstotheparallelport. To check the module configuration 1 Determinewhethertheparport,parport_pc,andvmppusermodulesare installedandrunningonyoursystembyrunningthelsmodcommandastheroot user. Allthreemodulesmustbeincludedinthelistingofrunningmodules.Youcanalso lookatthe/proc/modulesfileforthesamelist. 2 Toloadthepropermodules,runthiscommand:
insmod <modulename>
Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisloaded,enterthiscommand:
insmod parport_pc
Thiscommandinsertsthethreemodulesneededforaparallelport. Ifyoucontinuetohaveproblems,itispossiblethatthelpmoduleisrunning.Ifit is,thevirtualmachinecannotusetheparallelportcorrectly.
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Ifthelpmoduleisloaded,runthefollowingcommandastherootusertoremove it:
rmmod lp
Verifythatthelinereferringtothelpmoduleinthe/etc/modules.confor /etc/conf.modulesfileisremovedorcommentedoutbyinsertingahash character(#)atthebeginningoftheline.Thenameoftheconfigurationfile dependsontheLinuxdistributionyouareusing. Whenyourebootthehostafterremovingthisline,theconfigurationfilenolonger startsthelpmodule.
Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add thefollowinglinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc

MakesurethatPCStyleHardware(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)isloadedasamodule (settom).Ifyouareusinga2.4.xkernel,themodulesthatprovideparallelport functionalityareparport,parport_pc,andppdev. Alsomakesurethatyouenablesupportforuserspaceparalleldevicedrivers (CONFIG_PPDEV). To check the module configuration 1 Determinewhethertheparport,parport_pc,andppdevmodulesareinstalled andloadedonyoursystembyrunningthelsmodcommandastherootuser. Allthreemodulesmustbeincludedinthelistingofloadedmodules.Youcanalso lookatthe/proc/modulesfileforthesamelist. 2 Toloadthepropermodules,runthiscommand:
insmod <modulename>
Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisloaded,usethiscommand:
insmod parport_pc
Thiscommandinsertstheparport and parport_pcmodulesneededfora parallelport. 4 Usethiscommandtoloadtheppdevmodule:

insmod ppdev
Ifyoucontinuetohaveproblems,itispossiblethatthelpmoduleisloaded.Ifit is,thevirtualmachinecannotusetheparallelportcorrectly.
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Ifthelpmoduleisloaded,runthiscommandastherootusertoremoveit:
rmmod lp
Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add thislinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
Linuxkernelsinthe2.4.xseriesalsouseaspecialarbitratorthatallowsaccesstothe parallelporthardware.Iftheparallelportisinusebythehost,theguestcannotuseit. Ifavirtualmachineisusingtheparallelport,thehostandanyusersaccessingthehost arenotgivenaccesstothedevice.VMwareServerputsalockonthedevice,andthis lockrestrictsaccesssothatonlythevirtualmachinecanusetheport.

MakesurethatPCStyleHardware(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)isloadedasamodule (settom).Ifyouareusinga2.6.xkernel,themodulesthatprovideparallelport functionalityare modprobe <modulename>andmodprobe parport_pc. To check the configuration 1 Determinewhetherthemodprobe <modulename>and modprobe parport_pc modulesareinstalledandloadedonyoursystembyrunningthelsmodcommand astherootuser.Youcanalsolookatthe/proc/modulesfileforthesamelist. In2.6.xkernels,loadingparport_pcdoesnotloadallmodules. 2 Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisloaded,usethiscommand:
modprobe parport_pc && modprobe ppdev
Thiscommandinsertsthemodulesneededforaparallelport. Ifyoucontinuetohaveproblems,itispossiblethatthelpmoduleisloaded.Ifit is,thevirtualmachinecannotusetheparallelportcorrectly. 3 Ifthelpmoduleisloaded,runthiscommandastherootusertoremoveit:

rmmod lp
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Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add thislinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
Linuxkernelsinthe2.6.xseriesalsouseaspecialarbitratorthatallowsaccesstothe parallelporthardware.Iftheparallelportisinusebythehost,theguestcannotuseit. Ifavirtualmachineisusingtheparallelport,thehostandanyusersaccessingthehost arenotgivenaccesstothedevice.VMwareServerputsalockonthedevice,andthis lockrestrictsaccesssothatonlythevirtualmachinecanusetheport.
Device Permissions
SomeLinuxdistributionsdonotgrantthevirtualmachineaccesstothelpand parportdevicesbydefault.Inmostofthesecases,theownerofthedeviceisrootand theassociatedgroupislp.ToallowtheVMwareusertoaccessthedevice,addtheuser totheassociatedgroup.Toviewtheownerandgroupofthedevice,runthiscommand:
ls la /dev/parport0
Thethirdandfourthcolumnsoftheoutputshowtheownerandgroup,respectively. Toaddtheusertothedevicegroup,editthe/etc/groupfile.Onthelinebeginning withlp,whichdefinesthelpgroup,addtheVMwareServerusersusername.You mustmakethischangeastherootuser.Thefollowinglineprovidesanexamplefora userwhoseusernameisuserj.

lp::7:daemon,lp,userj
Thenexttimetheuserlogsontothehost,thechangestakeeffect.
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Notes for Using the Iomega Zip Drive

OnWindows95orWindows98guestoperatingsystems,usingolderdriversforthe IomegaZipdrivemightcausetheguesttolockupintermittentlyatboottimeorduring installationoftheguestoperatingsystem.ThenewestIomegadriversworkreliablyin VMwaretests.TheyareavailablefromtheIomegaWebsite.
Keyboard Mapping on Linux Hosts

Thissectionaddressesthefollowingissuesandprovidesadditionaldetailson keyboardmappinginLinux:
Somelanguagespecifickeyboardsdonotappeartobesupportedby VMware Server. Someofthekeysonthekeyboarddontworkcorrectlyinthevirtualmachine. Thekeyboardworksfinewhenyourunavirtualmachinelocally,butnotwhen yourunthesamevirtualmachinewitharemoteXserver.

IfyourkeyboardworkscorrectlywithalocalXserver,andyouwantthesamebehavior witharemoteXserver(whichisalsoanXFree86serverrunningonaPC),poweroffthe virtualmachineandclosetheVMwareServerwindow.Addthefollowingsettingtothe virtualmachineconfiguration(.vmx)fileorto~/.vmware/config:

xkeymap.usekeycodeMapIfXFree86 = "TRUE"
Makethischangeonthehostmachine,whereyourunthevirtualmachine,notonthe machinewiththeremoteXserver. IfyouareusinganXFree86basedserverthatVMwareServerdoesnotrecognizeasan XFree86server,usethissettinginstead:

xkeymap.usekeycodeMap = "TRUE"
IfyouareusinganXFree86serverrunninglocally,andthekeyboarddoesnotwork correctly,reporttheproblemtoVMwaretechnicalsupport.
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X Key Codes Compared to Keysyms

PressingakeyonthePCkeyboardgeneratesascancodebasedroughlyontheposition ofthekey.Forexample,theZkeyonaGermankeyboardgeneratesthesamecodeas theYkeyonanEnglishkeyboard,becausetheyareinthesamepositiononthe keyboard.Mostkeyshaveonebytescancodes,butsomekeyshavetwobytescan codeswithprefix0xe0. Internally,VMwareServerusesasimplifiedversionofthePCscancodethatisasingle ninebitnumericvalue,calledavscancode.Avscancodeiswrittenasathreedigit hexadecimalnumber.Thefirstdigitis0or1.Forexample,thelefthandCtrlkeyhasa onebytescancode(0x1d);itsvscancodeis0x01d.TherighthandCtrlkeyscancode istwobytes(0xe0,0x1d);itsvscancodeis0x11d. AnXserverusesatwolevelencodingofkeys.AnXkeycodeisaonebytevalue.The assignmentofkeycodestokeysdependsontheXserverimplementationandthe physicalkeyboard.Asaresult,anXapplicationcannotusekeycodesdirectly.Instead, thekeycodesaremappedintokeysymsthathavenameslikespace,escape,x,and2. ThemappingcanbecontrolledbyanXapplicationusingthe XChangeKeyboardMapping functionorthexmodmapprogram.Youcanusexevtoview thekeycodesandkeysymsforkeystypedintoitswindow. Akeycodecorrespondsroughlytoaphysicalkey,whileakeysymcorrespondstothe symbolonthekeytop.Forexample,withanXFree86serverrunningonaPC,theZkey ontheGermankeyboardhasthesamekeycodeastheYkeyonanEnglishkeyboard. TheGermanZkeysym,however,isthesameastheEnglishZkeysym,anddifferent fromtheEnglishYkeysym. ForanXFree86serveronaPC,thereisaonetoonemappingfromXkeycodestoPC scancodes(orvscancodes,whichiswhatVMwareServerreallyuses).VMwareServer takesadvantageofthisfact.WhenitisusinganXFree86serveronthelocalhost,ituses thebuiltinmappingfromXkeycodestovscancodes.Thismappingiskeyboard independentandiscorrectformost,ifnotall,languages.Whenyouarenotusingan XFree86serveroralocalserver,VMwareServermustmapkeysymstovscancodesby usingasetofkeyboardspecifictables.
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Configuring How Key Codes Are Mapped

Keycodemappingissimple,automatic,andfoolproof.(Keysymmappingismore complexandisdescribedlater.)However,becausetheprogramcannottellwhethera remoteserverisrunningonaPCoronsomeotherkindofcomputer,ituseskeycode mappingonlywithlocalXservers.Thisapproachmighthaveundesirableeffects.This andotherbehaviorrelatedtokeycodemappingcanbecontrolledbypoweringoffthe virtualmachine,closingtheVMwareServerwindow,andusingatexteditortoadd configurationsettingstothevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.Youmight wanttousesomeofthefollowingconfigurationsettings:
xkeymap.usekeycodeMapIfXFree86 = "TRUE" UsekeycodemappingifyouareusinganXFree86server,evenifitisremote.
xkeymap.usekeycodeMap = "TRUE" Alwaysusekeycodemappingregardlessofservertype.
xkeymap.nokeycodeMap = "TRUE" Neverusekeycodemapping.
xkeymap.keycode.<code> = "<v-scan code>" Ifyouareusingkeycodemapping,mapkeycode<code>to<v-scan code>.In thisexample,<code>mustbeadecimalnumberand<v-scan code>isaCsyntax hexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001).
TheeasiestwaytofindtheXkeycodeforakeyistorunxevorxmodmap -pk.Mostof thevscancodesarecoveredinVScanCodeTableonpage 188.Thekeysym mappingtablesdescribedinthissectionarealsohelpful. Usethisfeaturetomakesmallmodificationstothemapping.Forexample,toswapleft CtrlandCapsLock,usethefollowingsettings:

xkeymap.keycode.64 = "0x01d # X Caps_Lock -> VM left ctrl" xkeymap.keycode.37 = "0x03a # X Control_L -> VM caps lock"
TheseconfigurationlinescanbeaddedtoyourpersonalVMwareServerconfiguration (~/.vmware/config),oreventothehostwide(/etc/vmware/config)or installationwide(usually/usr/lib/vmware/config)configuration.
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Configuring How Keysyms Are Mapped

Whenkeycodemappingcannotbeused(orisdisabled),VMwareServermaps keysymstovscancodes.Itdoesthisusingoneofthetablesinthexkeymapdirectory intheVMwareServerinstallation(usually/usr//lib/vmware). Whichtableyouusedependsonthekeyboardlayout.Thenormaldistributionincludes tablesforPCkeyboardsfortheUnitedStatesandanumberofEuropeancountriesand languages.Andformostofthese,thereareboththe101key(or102key)andthe 104key(or105key)variants. VMwareServerautomaticallydetermineswhichtabletousebyexaminingthecurrent Xkeymap.However,itsmappingmightnotbecorrect.Inaddition,eachmappingis fixedandmightnotbecompletelycorrectforagivenkeyboardandXkey codetokeysymmapping.Forexample,ausermighthaveswappedCtrlandCaps Lockusingxmodmap.Thismeansthekeysareswappedinthevirtualmachinewhen usingaremoteserver(keysymmapping),butarenotswappedwhenusingalocal server(keycodemapping). Therefore,keysymmappingisnecessarilyinexact.Tomakeupforthis,youcancontrol mostofthebehaviorusingconfigurationsettings:
xkeymap.language = "<keyboard-type>" UsethissettingifVMwareServerhasatableinxkeymapforyourkeyboardbut cannotdetectit.<keyboard-type>mustbeoneofthetablesinthexkeymap directory.(Seeaboveforlocation.)However,thefailuretodetectthekeyboard probablymeansthatthetableisnotcompletelycorrectforyou.
xkeymap.keysym.<sym> = "<v-scan code>" Ifyouusekeysymmapping,mapkeysym<sym>to<v-scan code>.Whenyoudo, <sym>mustbeanXkeysymnameand<v-scan code>isaCsyntaxhexadecimal number(forexample,0x001). Theeasiestwaytofindthekeysymnameforakeyistorunxevorxmodmap -pk. TheXheaderfile/usr/include/X11/keysymdef.hhasacompletelistof keysyms.(ThenameofakeysymisthesameasitsCconstantwithouttheXK_ prefix.)MostvscancodesareinVScanCodeTableonpage 188. Thexkeymaptablesthemselvesarealsohelpful.Usethemtofixsmallerrorsinan existingmapping.
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xkeymap.fileName = "<file-path>" Usethekeysymmappingtablein<file-path>.Atableisasequenceof configurationlinesusingthefollowingformat:

<sym> = "<v-scan code>"
where<sym>isanXkeysymname,and<v-scan code>isaCsyntaxhexadecimal number(forexample,0x001).(Seetheexplanationofxkeymap.keysymabovefor tipsonfindingthekeysymsandvscancodesforyourkeyboard.) Compilingacompletekeysymmappingisdifficult.Itisbesttostartwithan existingtableandmakesmallchanges.
V-Scan Code Table

Table 81showsthevscancodesforthe104keyU.S.keyboard. Table 8-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard
Symbol Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 = Backspace Tab Q W E ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x001 0x002 0x003 0x004 0x005 0x006 0x007 0x008 0x009 0x00a 0x00b 0x00c 0x00d 0x00e 0x00f 0x010 0x011 0x012
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Table 8-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued)
Symbol R T Y U I O P [ ] Enter Ctrl A S D F G H J K L ; ` Shift \ Z X C V | left left { } Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x013 0x014 0x015 0x016 0x017 0x018 0x019 0x01a 0x01b 0x01c 0x01d 0x01e 0x01f 0x020 0x021 0x022 0x023 0x024 0x025 0x026 0x027 0x028 0x029 0x02a 0x02b 0x02c 0x02d 0x02e 0x02f
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Symbol B N M , . / Shift * Alt Spacebar CapsLock F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 NumLock ScrollLock Home Uparrow PgUp Leftarrow 5 4 7 8 9 numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad < > ? right numericpad left Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x030 0x031 0x032 0x033 0x034 0x035 0x036 0x037 0x038 0x039 0x03a 0x03b 0x03c 0x03d 0x03e 0x03f 0x040 0x041 0x042 0x043 0x044 0x045 0x046 0x047 0x048 0x049 0x04a 0x04b 0x04c
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Symbol Rightarrow + End Downarrow PgDn Ins Del F11 F12 Break Enter Ctrl / SysRq Alt Home Uparrow PageUp Leftarrow Rightarrow End Downarrow PageDown Insert Delete Windows Windows Menu PrintScrn right functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad left right Pause numericpad right numericpad 1 2 3 0 Shifted Symbol 6 Location numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad V-Scan Code 0x04d 0x04e 0x04f 0x050 0x051 0x052 0x053 0x057 0x058 0x100 0x11c 0x11d 0x135 0x137 0x138 0x147 0x148 0x149 0x14b 0x14d 0x14f 0x150 0x151 0x152 0x153 0x15b 0x15c 0x15d
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The84keykeyboardhasaSysReqkeyonthenumericpad.Itsvscancodeis0x054. KeyboardsoutsidetheU.S.usuallyhaveanextrakey(often<>or<>|)nexttotheleft shiftkey.Thevscancodeforthiskeyis0x056.
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Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine
Suspendingavirtualmachineallowsyoutosavethecurrentstatesothatyoucan continueworklaterfromthesamestate.Takingasnapshotallowsyoutopreservethe stateofavirtualmachinesothatyoucanreturntothesamestaterepeatedly.Toperform suspendorsnapshotoperations,youmusthavetherequiredpermissions. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

SuspendingandResumingVirtualMachinesonpage 193 UsingSnapshotsonpage 195
Suspending and Resuming Virtual Machines

Thesuspendoperationsavesthecurrentstateofthevirtualmachine.Whenyouresume asuspendedvirtualmachine,anyapplicationsthatwererunningwhenyoususpended thevirtualmachineareresumedintheirrunningstate,andtheapplicationdataisthe sameaswhenyoususpendedthevirtualmachine. Thespeedofthesuspendandresumeoperationsdependsonhowmuchdatahas changedduringthetimethatthevirtualmachinewasrunning.Thefirstsuspend operationtypicallytakeslongerthanlatersuspendoperations. Whenyouresumeanddoadditionalworkinthevirtualmachine,youcannotreturnto thestatethatthevirtualmachinewasinatthetimeitwassuspended.Topreservethe stateofthevirtualmachinesothatyoucanreturntothesamestaterepeatedly,takea snapshot,asdescribedinUsingSnapshotsonpage 195.
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Configuring Hard Suspend or Soft Suspend

YoucanconfigureVMwareServertorunaVMwareToolsscriptintheguestoperating systembeforesuspendingthevirtualmachine.Thisconfigurationiscalledasoft suspend. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperating system.SeeChapter 5,InstallingandUsingVMwareTools,onpage 73. OnWindowsguests,whenyoudoasoftsuspend,ascriptreleasestheIPaddressifthe guestoperatingsystemisusingDHCP.OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,the scriptstopsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine.WhenyouresumeaWindowsguest,a scriptgetsanewIPaddressfromDHCP.OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests, networkingrestarts. To configure hard suspend or soft suspend 1 2 3 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,clickConfigure VM. ClickthePowertab. InthePowerControlssection,specifyahardsuspend(Suspend),softsuspend (SuspendGuest),ordefault(SystemDefault)operation. WhenVMwareToolsisnotinstalled,theSystemDefaultactionistosuspendthe virtualmachinewithoutsuspendingtheguest.WhenVMwareToolsisinstalled, theSystemDefaultactionistosuspendtheguestbeforesuspendingthevirtual machine. 4 IntheVMwareToolsScriptssection,selectoneormorecheckboxestoruna VMwareToolsscriptbeforesuspendingorafterresumingtheguest.SeeScripts Tabonpage 94. ClickOK.
Forinformationonadditionalhardandsoftpoweroperationsandotherpowercontrol settings,seeChangingVirtualMachinePowerSettingsonpage 125.
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Chapter 9 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine
Suspending or Resuming a Virtual Machine

Thesuspendandresumeoperationsallowyousavethecurrentstateofyourvirtual machineandcontinueworklaterfromthesamestate. Beforesuspendingavirtualmachine,configurethehardsuspendorsoftsuspend settings.SeeConfiguringHardSuspendorSoftSuspendonpage 194. To suspend a virtual machine 1 2 SelectthevirtualmachinethatispoweredonintheInventorypanel. ClicktheSuspendbuttononthetoolbar. Whenyoususpendavirtualmachine,afilewitha.vmssextensioniscreatedin theworkingdirectory.Thisfilecontainstheentirestateofthevirtualmachine.See FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachineonpage 323. To resume a virtual machine that is suspended 1 2 SelectthesuspendedvirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. ClickthePlaybuttononthetoolbar. Whenyouresumethevirtualmachine,itsstateisrestoredfromthe.vmssfile.
Using Snapshots
Snapshotsallowyoutopreservethestateofthevirtualmachinesoyoucanreturnto thesamestaterepeatedly.Forexample,youmightusesnapshotstotestsoftware.You cantakeasnapshotbeforeinstallingdifferentversionsofanapplicationtoensurethat eachtestinstallationbeginsfromtheidenticalbaseline. Tosavethecurrentstateofyourvirtualmachinetemporarily,seeSuspendingand ResumingVirtualMachinesonpage 193.
What to Use Snapshots For

Thetopicsinthissectiondescribestrategiesforusingsnapshots.
Using Snapshots as Protection from Risky Changes

Ifyouplantomakeriskychangesinavirtualmachine(forexample,testingnew softwareorexaminingavirus),takeasnapshotbeforeyoubegin.Ifyouencountera problem,youcanrestorethevirtualmachinetothestatepreservedinthatsnapshot. Snapshotscanminimizelostworkifsomethinggoeswrong.Ifyourriskyactionscause noproblems,youcantakeanewsnapshotofthevirtualmachineinitsnewstate.
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Starting a Virtual Machine Repeatedly in the Same State

Youcanconfigureavirtualmachinetoreverttoasnapshotanytimeitispoweredoff, asdescribedinSettingSnapshotPowerOffOptionsonpage 127.Forexample,you mightusethisfeaturewhensettingupstudentvirtualmachinessothatyoucanstart eachnewclassatthebeginningofthelesson,discardingthepreviousstudentswork.
What Is Captured by a Snapshot

Asnapshotcapturestheentirestateofthevirtualmachineatthetimeyoutakethe snapshot.Thisincludes:

MemorystateContentsofthevirtualmachinesmemory. ConfigurationstateVirtualmachinesettings. DiskstateStateofthevirtualmachinesvirtualdisks. NOTEThestateoftheindependentdisksisnotpreservedwhenyoutakea snapshot.SeeExcludingVirtualDisksfromSnapshotsonpage 198.
Whenyoureverttoasnapshot,youreturnthevirtualmachinesmemory,settings,and diskstothestatetheywereinwhenyoutookthesnapshot.Ifyouwantthevirtual machinetobesuspended,poweredon,orpoweredoffwhenyoulaunchit,besureitis inthestateyouwantwhenyoutakethesnapshot.
Activities That Conflict with Snapshots

Whenyoutakeasnapshot,beawareofotheractivitygoingoninthevirtualmachine andthelikelyimpactofrevertingtothatsnapshot.Ingeneral,itisbesttotakea snapshotwhennoapplicationsinthevirtualmachinearecommunicatingwithother computers.Thepotentialforproblemsisgreatestifthevirtualmachineis communicatingwithanothercomputer,especiallyinaproductionenvironment. Consideracaseinwhichyoutakeasnapshotwhilethevirtualmachineisdownloading afilefromaserveronthenetwork.Afteryoutakethesnapshot,thevirtualmachine continuesdownloadingthefile,communicatingitsprogresstotheserver.Ifyourevert tothesnapshot,communicationsbetweenthevirtualmachineandtheserverarelost andthefiletransferfails. Orconsideracaseinwhichyoutakeasnapshotwhileanapplicationinthevirtual machineissendingatransactiontoadatabaseonaseparatemachine.Ifyourevertto thatsnapshotafterthetransactionstartsbutbeforeithasbeencommitted,thedatabase couldbeinconsistent.
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Enabling and Disabling Background Snapshots for All Virtual Machines

Takingasnapshotisnotinstantaneous.Youcaneditahostwidesettingtotake snapshotsasabackgroundactivity.Thisallowsyoutocontinueworkingwhile VMwareServerpreservesthestateofthevirtualmachine.However,enabling backgroundsnapshotsforahostwithslowharddiskscanadverselyaffect performance.Ifyouexperiencesignificantperformanceproblemswhentakingor restoringsnapshots,disablebackgroundsnapshots. Theproceduretoconfigurethehostwidesettingtoenableanddisablebackground snapshotsisdescribedinEnablingandDisablingBackgroundSnapshotson page 115.
Snapshots and a Virtual Machines Hard Disks

Whenthevirtualmachinewritesnewdatatodiskafterasnapshotiscreated,thatdata iswrittentoredologfiles.Thesefilescangrowquitelargeasnewlysaveddata continuestoaccumulateinthem,untilyoutakeanactionthataffectsthesnapshot.Be awareofhowmuchdiskspacethesefilesconsume.
RemoveasnapshotWhenyouremovethesnapshot,thechangesaccumulated intheredologfilesarewrittenpermanentlytothebasevirtualdiskfiles. ReverttoasnapshotWhenyoureverttothesnapshot,thecontentsoftheredo logfilesarediscarded. TakeasnapshotIfyoutakeasnapshotwhenthevirtualmachinealreadyhasa snapshot,thechangesaccumulatedintheredologfilesarewrittenpermanentlyto thebasevirtualdiskfiles.Anysubsequentchangesaccumulateinnewredologs.
Redologfilesandvirtualdiskfileshavea.vmdkextensionandarestoredinthevirtual machinesworkingdirectory.Formoreinformationaboutthefilesthatmakeupa virtualmachine,includingsnapshotfiles,seeAppendix B,FilesThatMakeUpa VirtualMachine,onpage 323.
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Excluding Virtual Disks from Snapshots

Incertainvirtualmachineconfigurations,youmightwanttorevertsomediskstoa snapshotwhileotherdisksretainallchanges.Forexample,youmightwantasnapshot topreserveadiskwithyouroperatingsystemandapplications,whilealwayskeeping thechangestoadiskwithyourdocumentsanddata. Whenyouaddanewvirtualdisk,settheDiskModetoIndependentModeifyoudo notwantittobeaffectedbysnapshots,asdescribedinAddingaHardDisktoaVirtual Machineonpage 144. Youcanexcludeexistingvirtualdisksfromasnapshotbychangingthediskmode.If youhaveasnapshot,youmustremoveitbeforeyoucanchangethediskmode.See EditingaVirtualHardDiskonpage 145.
Taking a Snapshot
Youcantakeasnapshotwhileavirtualmachineispoweredon,poweredoff,or suspended.Ifyouaresuspendingavirtualmachine,waituntilthesuspendoperation hasfinishedbeforetakingasnapshot.AsdescribedinActivitiesThatConflictwith Snapshotsonpage 196,donottakeasnapshotwhenthevirtualmachineis communicatingwithanothercomputer. NOTEIfyouruseofvirtualmachinesisstronglyperformanceoriented,consider defragmentingtheguestoperatingsystemsdrivesbeforetakingasnapshot.Usethe guestoperatingsystemsdefragmentationutility.SeeVirtualDiskMaintenanceTasks onpage 147. To take a snapshot 1 2 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,expandthe Snapshotcommand(ifnotalreadyexpanded)andclickTakeSnapshot. Ifasnapshotalreadyexists,adialogboxasksyouifyouwanttooverwritethe existingsnapshot.Ifyouwanttooverwriteit,clickYes. Anewsnapshotiscreated.
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Reverting to a Snapshot
Youcanrestorethevirtualmachinetothepointintimethatasnapshotwastaken.The currentdisk,settings,andmemorystatesarediscarded,andthevirtualmachinereverts tothedisk,settings,andmemorystatesofthesnapshot.SeeWhatIsCapturedbya Snapshotonpage 196. To revert to a snapshot 1 2 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,expandthe Snapshotcommand(ifnotalreadyexpanded)andclickReverttoSnapshot. Adialogboxasksyoutoconfirmthatyouwanttoreverttothesnapshot.Ifyou wanttoreverttothesnapshot,clickYes.
Youcanalsoconfigureavirtualmachinetoautomaticallyreverttothesnapshot,orto askyouwhetheryouwanttoreverttothesnapshot,wheneveryoupoweroffthevirtual machine.SeeSettingSnapshotPowerOffOptionsonpage 127.
Removing a Snapshot
Removingthesnapshotwritesthecontentsofthesnapshottothevirtualdisk.This actiondoesnotdestroyanydatainthevirtualmachine.Movingforward,anychanges youmakeasyourunthevirtualmachinearewrittentothevirtualdisk.Youcannot reverttoapreviousstatebecausethesnapshotnolongerexists. Removingasnapshotwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredoffcantakealongtime, dependingonthesizeofthesnapshotfile. To remove the snapshot 1 2 3 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,expandthe Snapshotcommand(ifnotalreadyexpanded)andclickRemoveSnapshot. Adialogboxasksyoutoconfirmthatyouwanttoremovethesnapshot.Ifyou wanttoremoveit,clickYes. Thesnapshotisremoved.
Locking a Snapshot
Lockingthecurrentsnapshotpreventsitfrombeingoverwritten.Youcanlocka snapshotafterithasbeentaken.SeeLockingtheSnapshotonpage 126.
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Managing Roles and Permissions
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ThischapterdescribeshowtomanageaccesstoVMwareServerusingrolesand permissions.VMwareServerauthenticatesusersbasedontheloginusernameand passwordcombination.RolesassignedtousersonVMwareServerobjectsdetermine whatactionsuserscanperformonthoseobjects. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

AccessElementsonpage 201 ManagingUsersonpage 203 ManagingGroupsonpage 203 ManagingRolesonpage 203 ManagingPermissionsonpage 206 RulesforPermissionPropagationonpage 208
Access Elements
AccesstoVMwareServerobjectsandactionsisdeterminedbasedonthefollowing:
LogininformationUsernameandpassword. Usersarecreatedandmanagedusingthemechanismsprovidedbythehost operatingsystem.
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GroupMembershipAgroupiscollectionofusers.Ausercanbeamemberof oneormoregroups. Groupsprovideaconvenientwaytomanageacollectionofusers.Groupsare createdandmanagedusingthemechanismsprovidedbythehostoperating system.
PrivilegesAprivilegeisarighttoperformanindividualactiononanobjector categoryofobjects. Forexample,theabilitytopoweronavirtualmachineisaprivilege,inthecategory ofinteractionswiththevirtualmachineobject.Thisprivilegeistypicallygrouped inarolewithotherpoweroperationsonvirtualmachines.Foracompletelistof availableprivileges,organizedforconveniencebycategory,seeAppendix A, DefinedPrivileges,onpage 299.Privilegescannotbemodified.
RolesAroleisanamedcollectionofprivileges.Rolescanbeassignedtousers andgroupsonanobjectorcategoryofobjects. Rolescontroluserandgroupaccesstoobjects.VMware Serverprovidessystem roles,listedinTable 101,SystemRoles,onpage 204.Youcanalsocreateand manageuserdefinedroles.
PermissionsApermissionisarulethatdeterminesaccesscontrol.Itspecifies whichrole(collectionofprivileges)isassignedtoauserorgrouponanobjector categoryofobjects. Theroleandauserorgroupnamemakeapair.Thispairisassignedtoan inventoryobject.Youcanchoosewhetherornotthepermissionispropagatedto thechildobjectsintheinventoryhierarchy. Figure 10-1. Permission

user group
role inventory object
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Managing Users
AuserisanindividualauthorizedtologintoVMwareServer.Userscanaccess VMwareServerusingVIWebAccess,thevmruncommand,theVIXAPI,ora thirdpartyclient. Tocreate,remove,ormodifyusersonaVMwareServersystem,usethemechanisms providedbythehostoperatingsystem.UsersremovedfromaVMwareServerhostlose accesstoallVMwareServerobjectsandarenotabletologonagain.Usersthatare loggedinwhentheyareremovedfromthehostretaintheirVMwareServer permissionsonlyuntilthenextvalidationperiod(thedefaultisevery24hours). VIWebAccessdisplaysalistofexistingusersthatyoucanselectfromwhenyou configurepermissions.
Managing Groups
Agroupisacollectionofusersthatyouwanttomanagethroughacommonsetofrules. Youcanefficientlymanageusersthatrequirethesameprivilegesbycreatinggroups. Usinggroupscansignificantlyreducethetimeittakestoconfigureyourpermissions model. Tocreate,remove,ormodifygroupsonaVMwareServersystem,usethemechanisms providedbythehostoperatingsystem.Groupmembershipischeckedeachtimeauser logsin.ThegroupsareretrievedeitherfromtheWindowsdomain(forVMwareServer runningonWindows)orfromtheLinuxoperatingsystemgrouplist(forVMware ServerrunningonLinux).Removingagroupdoesnotaffectthepermissionsgranted individuallytotheusersinthatgroup,orthosegrantedaspartofinclusioninanother group. Whenyouassignaroletoagroup,itappliestoalltheusersinthegroup.VI WebAccess displaysalistofexistinggroupsthatyoucanselectfromwhenyouconfigure permissions.
Managing Roles
Aroleisanamedcollectionofprivileges.VMwareServergrantsaccesstoobjectsonly tousersthathaveprivilegesfortheobject.Bypairingauserorgroupwitharole,you granttheuserorgroupaccessrightstotheobject. VMwareServerprovidesbuiltinsystemroles.Theprivilegesassociatedwithsystem rolescannotbechanged.
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Table 101liststhepredefinedsystemroles. Table 10-1. System Roles

Role NoAccessUser Description of User Capabilities Cannotvieworchangetheassociatedobject. Tabsassociatedwiththeobjectdisplaywithoutcontent. Thisisthedefaultroleforallusers,exceptforusersinthe Administratorsgroup. ReadOnlyUser Canviewtheobjectstateanddetailsabouttheobject. Canviewalltabs,exceptfortheConsoletab. Cannotperformanyactionsthroughthemenusandtoolbars. Administrator Grantedallprivilegesforallobjects. Canadd,remove,andsetaccessrightsandprivilegesforallobjectsin theVMwareServerenvironment. ThisisthedefaultroleforallmembersoftheAdministratorsgroup.
Youcancreateuserdefinedroleswithprivilegesetsthatmatchyouruserneeds.These rolescanbemodified,renamed,orremoved.Allchangestakeeffectimmediately.Users donotneedtologoutandloginforchangestorolestotakeeffect.
Creating Roles
Youcancreateuserdefinedrolesifyouhavesituationsthatrequireacombinationof accessprivilegesotherthanthosedefinedinthesystemroles. Youcanalsomodifyexistinguserdefinedrolestosuityourneeds.SeeEditingand RenamingRolesonpage 205. To create a role 1 2 FromtheVIWebAccessmenubar,selectAdministration>ManageRoles. Enteranamefortherole. Thereisnowaytoenteradescriptionfortherole.Adescriptionfortheroleis automaticallycreated,butitisidenticaltotherolename.Enteradescriptivename foreachroletohelpidentifyit. 3 4 InthePrivilegestree,selecttheprivilegestoincludeintherole.Expandthetreeas necessarytoviewtheprivilegesineachcategory. ClickOK. Theroleiscreated.
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Editing and Renaming Roles

Whenyoueditauserdefinedrole,youcanchangeanyoralloftheprivilegesselected forthatrole.Whencompleted,thesemodifiedprivilegesareimmediatelyappliedto anyuserorgroupassignedtherole.Youcanalsorenameanexistingrole. Systemrolescannotbeeditedorrenamed. To edit a role 1 2 3 4 FromtheVIWebAccessmenubar,selectAdministration>ManageRoles. IntheRoleslist,selecttheroleyouwanttomodify. ClickModify. Ifyouwanttorenametherole,enterthenewrolenameintheNametextbox. Thereisnowaytoenteradescriptionfortherole,sothedescriptionintheRoles listischangedtomatchthenewrolename.Enteradescriptivenameforeachrole tohelpidentifyit. 5 Ifyouwanttochangetheprivilegesincludedintherole,selectordeselectthe appropriateprivilegesinthePrivilegestree.Expandthetreeasnecessarytoview theprivilegesineachcategory. ClickOK. Thechangestotherolearesaved.
Removing Roles
Whenyouremoveauserdefinedrole,thedefinitionisremovedfromthelistofroles. Whenyouremovearolethatisassignedtousersorgroups,youcanremoveallrole assignmentsorreplacethemwithanassignmenttoanotherrole. CAUTIONMakesurethatyouunderstandhowuserswillbeaffectedbeforeremoving roleassignmentsorreplacingthem. Systemrolescannotberemoved. To remove an existing role 1 2 3 FromtheVIWebAccessmenubar,selectAdministration>ManageRoles. IntheRoleslist,selecttheroleyouwanttoremove. ClickRemove.
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4 5
Toconfirmthatyouwanttodeletetheselectedrole,clickOK. Iftheroleisassignedtooneormoreusersorgroups,awarningdialogbox appears,andyoumustselectoneoffollowingtheoptions:

RemoveroleRemovestheroleandallassociatedpermissions.Usersand groupsthathavenootherpermissionsassignednolongerhaveanyprivileges. ConvertroleReassignsanyassociatedpermissionstotheroleyouselect fromthedropdownmenu.
ClickOK. Theroleisremovedfromthelistandisnolongeravailabletoassigntousersor groups.
Managing Permissions
InVMwareServer,apermissionconsistsofauserorgroupsassignedrolefora VMwareServerobject,suchasavirtualmachine. Anewpermissioniscreatedbypairingauserorgroupandaroleandassigningthis pairtoaninventoryobject.Permissionsgrantuserstherighttoperformactionsonan objectorcategoryofobjects.Forexample,toconfigurememoryforVMware Server, youmusthavehostconfigurationpermissions. Allchangestakeeffectimmediately.Youdonotneedtologoutandloginforchanges topermissionstotakeeffect. NOTEBydefault,allusersthataremembersoftheAdministratorsgroupona Windowshostaregrantedthesameaccessrightsasanyuserassignedtothe Administratorrole.MembersoftheAdministratorsgroupcanloginasindividual usersandhavefullaccess.
Creating Permissions
YoucanassignsystemoruserdefinedrolestousersorgroupsonVMwareServer inventoryobjects. To create a permission 1 2 3 LogintoVIWebAccessasauserwithAdministratorprivileges. SelectahostorvirtualmachinefromtheInventorypanel,andclickthe Permissionstab. IntheCommandssection,clickNewPermission.
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Selecttheuserorgrouptowhichyouwanttoassignaroleonthisobject. Whenyouhavealargenumberofusersandgroups,onlysomeofthemare displayed.Tofindasubsetofusersorgroups,enterasearchvalueintheQuick Findtextbox.
Selecttheroleyouwanttoassignfromthedropdownlist. Whenyouselectarole,theprivilegesgrantedwiththeroleareselectedinthe Privilegetreeforyourreference.
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(Optional)Ifyouwanttoapplythepermissiontoallchildobjectsoftheselected inventoryobject,selectGrantthissetofpermissionstochildobjects. ClickOK. Thepermissionisaddedtothelistofpermissionsfortheobject.Thelistof permissionsincludesallusersandgroupsthathaverolesassignedtotheobject, andindicatesthelevelatwhichthepermissionisdefined.
Editing Permissions
Whenyoueditapermission,youcanchangetheroletopairwiththeuserorgroupand whetherthepermissionispropagatedtochildobjects. To edit the permission role for a user or group 1 2 3 4 5 ClickthehostsorvirtualmachinesPermissionstab. InthePermissionslist,selectthepermissionyouwanttomodify. IntheCommandssection,clickEditPermission. Selecttheuserorgrouptowhichyouwanttoassignaroleonthisobject. Selectaroletoassignfromthedropdownlist. Whenyouselectarole,theprivilegesgrantedwiththeroleareselectedinthe Privilegetreeforyourreference. 6 7 (Optional)Ifyouwanttoapplythepermissiontoallchildobjectsoftheselected inventoryobject,selectGrantthissetofpermissionstochildobjects. ClickOK. Thechangestothepermissionaresaved.
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Removing Permissions
Removingapermissionforauserorgroupdoesnotremovetheuserorgroup.Itdoes notremovetheroleeither.Itremovesthepairingoftheroleandtheuserorgroupfrom theselectedinventoryobject. To remove a permission for a user or group 1 2 3 4 ClickthehostsorvirtualmachinesPermissionstab. InthePermissionslist,selectthepermissionyouwanttoremove. IntheCommandssection,clickRemovePermission. ClickOKtoconfirmthatyouwanttoremovethepermission. Thepermissionisremoved.
Rules for Permission Propagation

Thissectiondescribespermissionprecedencewhenauserinheritspermissions throughtheobjecthierarchyorgroupmembership. Multiplepermissionscanbedefinedonanobject,andpermissionscanbeinherited fromparentobjects.Permissionsdefinedonachildobjectalwaysoverridethose definedonaparentobject.InVMwareServer,thehostistheparentobjectfor individualvirtualmachines. Whenmultiplepermissionsaredefinedonthesameobjectthroughgroup membership,thefollowingrulesapply:
Ifauserisamemberofmultiplegroupswithdifferentpermissions,foreachobject thegrouphaspermissionson,thesamepermissionsapplyasifgrantedtotheuser directly. Ifmultiplegrouppermissionsaredefinedonthesameobjectandtheuserbelongs totwoormoreofthegroups,permissionsaredeterminedasfollows:

Ifthereisnopermissiondefinedexplicitlyfortheuseronthatobject,theuser isassignedtheunionofprivilegesassignedtothegroupsforthatobject. Ifthereisapermissiondefinedexplicitlyfortheuseronthatobject,that permissiontakesprecedenceoverallgrouppermissions.
Thefollowingexampleshowshowauserspermissionscanbeexpanded:

Role1includestheprivilegetopoweronvirtualmachines. Role2includestheprivilegetotakesnapshotsofvirtualmachines.
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GroupAisassignedRole1onvirtualmachineVM. GroupBisassignedRole2onvirtualmachineVM. User1belongstogroupsAandB. User1isnotassignedindividualpermissions.
Inthisexample,whenUser1logson,theusercanbothpoweronandtakesnapshots ofthevirtualmachine. Thefollowingexampleshowshowauserspermissionscanbelimitedbyoverriding grouppermissions:

Rolesandgroupsaredefinedasinthepreviousexample. User1sreadonlypermissionisremovedonthevirtualmachine.(Readonly permissionisrequiredtopoweronavirtualmachine.)
Inthisexample,User1canstilltakesnapshotsbutcannolongerpoweronthevirtual machine. Whensettingpermissions,verifythatusershavetheappropriateprivilegesforeach actiononeachobjectandcategoryofobjects.
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Configuring a Virtual Network
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Thefirsttopicsinthischapterintroducethevirtualnetworkingcomponentsthat VMwareServerprovidesanddescribehowyoucanusethemwithyourvirtual machine.Therestofthechapterprovidesmoredetailonnetworkingcapabilitiesand specializedconfigurations. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

NetworkBasicsonpage 212 ComponentsoftheVirtualNetworkonpage 213 CommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 215 ExampleCustomNetworkingConfigurationonpage 219 ChangingtheNetworkingConfigurationonpage 222 AdvancedNetworkingTopicsonpage 230 UnderstandingNATonpage 248 UsingSambaforFileSharingonaLinuxHostonpage 258 UsingtheVirtualNetworkEditoronpage 267
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Network Basics
VMwareServerprovidesmultiplewaysyoucanconfigureavirtualmachineforvirtual networking:
BridgednetworkingConfiguresyourvirtualmachineasauniqueidentityon thenetwork,separatefromandunrelatedtoitshost.Othercomputersonthe networkcancommunicatedirectlywiththevirtualmachine.Bridgednetworking workswithEthernet,DSL,cable,wireless,andlegacyphonemodems.See BridgedNetworkingonpage 215. Networkaddresstranslation(NAT)Configuresyourvirtualmachinetoshare theIPandMACaddressesofthehost.Thevirtualmachinesharesthehostspublic networkidentity,andhasaprivateidentitythatisnotvisiblebeyondthehost.NAT canbeusefulwhenyouareallowedasingleIPaddressorMACaddressbyyour networkadministrator.YoumightalsouseNATtoconfigureseparatevirtual machinesforhandlingHTTPandFTPrequests,withbothvirtualmachines runningoffthesameIPaddressordomain. NATworkswithEthernet,DSL,andlegacyphonemodems.SeeNetwork AddressTranslation(NAT)onpage 216.
HostonlynetworkingConfiguresyourvirtualmachinetoallownetwork accessonlytoaprivatenetworkonthehost.Withhostonlynetworking,the virtualmachinecancommunicateonlywiththehostandothervirtualmachinesin thehostonlynetwork.Thiscanbeusefulwhenyouwantasecurevirtualmachine thatisconnectedtothehostnetwork,butavailableonlythroughthehostmachine. Inthisconfiguration,thevirtualmachinecannotconnecttotheInternet.See HostOnlyNetworkingonpage 218.
YoucansetupspecializedconfigurationsusingthevirtualnetworkeditoronWindows hostsandvmware-config.plonLinuxhosts.SeeExampleCustomNetworking Configurationonpage 219. OnaWindowshost,thesoftwareneededforbridged,NAT,andhostonlynetworking configurationsisinstalledwhenyouinstallVMwareServer.TheNewVirtualMachine wizardconnectsthevirtualmachinetothevirtualnetworkyouselect:thebridged VMnet0virtualnetwork(namedBridged)isthedefaultselection.Youcanlatersetup morespecializedconfigurationsbyconfiguringtheappropriatesettingsinthevirtual networkeditorandonyourhostcomputer.
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Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network
OnaLinuxhost,whenyouinstallandconfigureVMwareServer,youcanchooseto havebridged,hostonly,andNATnetworkingavailabletoyourvirtualmachinesby configuringeachoptionwhenyourunvmware-config.pl.Youcanlaterreconfigure networkingtoadd,delete,ormodifyvirtualnetworksbyrerunning vmware-config.pl.
Components of the Virtual Network

Thefollowingsectionsdescribethedevicesthatmakeupavirtualnetwork.
Virtual Network Switch

Thevirtualswitchworkslikeaphysicalswitch,butitisusedbyvirtualmachines.Like aphysicalswitch,avirtualswitchletsyouconnectothernetworkingcomponents together.VirtualswitchesarecreatedasneededbyVMwareServer,uptoatotalof10 virtualswitchesonWindowsand255onLinux.Virtualswitchescanbeusedin bridged,hostonly,andNATnetworkconfigurations. Youcanconnectoneormorevirtualmachinestoaswitch.OnaWindowshost,youcan connectanunlimitednumberofportstoavirtualswitch.OnaLinuxhost,youcan connectupto32ports. Afewnetworkshavedefaultnamesandswitchesassociatedwiththem:
TheBridgednetworkusesVMnet0,asdescribedinBridgedNetworkingon page 215. TheHostOnlynetworkusesVMnet1,asdescribedinHostOnlyNetworkingon page 218. TheNATnetworkusesVMnet8,asdescribedinNetworkAddressTranslation (NAT)onpage 216.
TheotheravailableswitchesareVMnet2,VMnet3,VMnet4,andsoon. TofindoutwhatnetworksareconfiguredontheVMwareServerhost,selectthehostin VI WebAccess.TheNetworkssectionofthehostsSummarytabliststhename,VMnet number,andnetworktypeforeachvirtualnetwork. Tofindoutwhichnetworksavirtualmachineisusing,selectthevirtualmachine.The networknameandtypearedisplayedintheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab. Toviewormodifynetworkproperties,clicktheNetworkAdapteryouwanttomodify andselectEdit.Foradditionalinformation,seeEditingaVirtualNetworkAdapter onpage 224.Toaddanotheradapter,seeAddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtual Machineonpage 223.
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Internal DHCP Server

TheVMwareinternalDHCP(dynamichostconfigurationprotocol)serverprovidesIP networkaddressestovirtualmachinesinconfigurationsthatarenotbridgedtoan externalnetwork.HostonlyandNATnetworkconfigurationsusetheDHCPserver (bridgedconfigurationsdonot).
Virtual Network Adapter

Onevirtualnetworkadapter(alsoknownasavirtualNIC)issetupforyourvirtual machinewhenyoucreateitwiththeNewVirtualMachinewizard.Thevirtualnetwork adapterusestheBridgedvirtualnetworkunlessyouchangethedefaultselection. ThenetworkadapterappearstotheguestoperatingsystemasanAMDPCNetAdapter adapterfor32bitguestsorasanIntelPro/1000MTServerAdapterfor64bitand WindowsVistaguests.VMwareServerautomaticallyselectsthenetworkdriverbased ontheconfigurationonyourvirtualmachine. For32bitguestsystems,VMwareServersupportsnetworkadaptermorphingto dynamicallyselectthedriver.Thevlancedriverisautomaticallyinstalledwhenyou installaguestoperatingsystem.Thevmxnetdriverisautomaticallyinstalledwhenyou reboottheguestafterinstallingVMwareTools.Whenyoueditthenetworkadapter,the devicetypeisdisplayedasFlexible. For64bitandWindowsVistaguestsystems,thenetworkadapterusesthee1000 devicedriver. Youcancreateandconfigureupto10virtualnetworkadaptersinVMwareServer2and Workstation6virtualmachines.ThelimitisfouradaptersforVMwareServer1and otheroldervirtualmachineversions.Formoreinformation,seeAddingaNetwork AdaptertoaVirtualMachineonpage 223.
Host Virtual Adapter

Hostvirtualadaptersallowcommunicationbetweenthehostcomputerandthevirtual machinesonthehostcomputer.AhostvirtualadapterisusedinhostonlyandNAT configurations. WhenyouinstallVMwareServer,twonetworkadaptersareaddedtotheconfiguration ofyourhostoperatingsystemonethatallowsthehosttoconnecttothehostonly virtualnetworkandonethatallowsthehosttoconnecttotheNATvirtualnetwork. Thehostvirtualadapterisnotconnectedtoanyexternalnetworkunlessyousetup specialsoftwareonthehostcomputersuchasaproxyservertoconnectthe hostonlyadaptertothephysicalnetworkadapter.
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OnaWindowshost,thesoftwarethatcreatesthehostvirtualadapterisinstalledwhen youinstallVMwareServer.OnaLinuxhost,youmustselecthostonlynetworking whenyourunvmware-config.pltoinstallthehostvirtualadapter.
Common Networking Configurations

Thefollowingsectionsillustratethenetworkingconfigurationsthataresetupwhen youselectoneofthestandardnetworkingoptionsintheNewVirtualMachinewizard orwhenyouaddoreditavirtualnetworkadapter.
Bridged Networking
Bridgednetworkingconnectsavirtualmachinetoanetworkbyusingthehost computersnetworkadapter.IfyourhostcomputerisonanEthernetnetwork,thisis oftentheeasiestwaytogiveyourvirtualmachineaccesstothatnetwork.Thevirtual networkadapterinthevirtualmachineconnectstothephysicalnetworkadapterin yourhostcomputer,allowingittoconnecttotheLANusedbythehostcomputer. Bridgednetworkingmakesthevirtualmachinevisibletoothercomputersonthe network,andtheycancommunicatedirectlywiththevirtualmachine. Figure 11-1. Bridged Networking Setup
virtual network adapter
virtual machine
virtual network switch (VMnet0) virtual bridge host network adapter
How to Set Up Bridged Networking

BridgednetworkingissetupautomaticallyifyouselectBridgedintheNewVirtual Machinewizard.OnLinuxhosts,thisselectionisavailableonlyifyouenablethe bridgednetworkingoptionwhenyourunvmware-config.pl.Youcansetup additionalvirtualbridgesforcustomconfigurationsthatrequireconnectionstomore thanonephysicalnetworkadapteronthehostcomputer.LinuxandWindowshosts canusebridgednetworkingtoconnecttobothwiredandwirelessnetworks.
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Requirements for IP Addresses

Ifyouusebridgednetworking,yourvirtualmachinemusthaveitsownidentityonthe network.Forexample,onaTCP/IPnetwork,thevirtualmachineneedsitsownIP address.YournetworkadministratorcantellyouwhetherIPaddressesareavailablefor yourvirtualmachineandwhichnetworkingsettingstouseintheguestoperating system.Generally,yourguestoperatingsystemcanacquireanIPaddressandother networkdetailsautomaticallyfromaDHCPserver,oryoumightneedtosettheIP addressandotherdetailsmanuallyintheguestoperatingsystem. Ifyouusebridgednetworking,thevirtualmachineisafullparticipantinthenetwork. Ithasaccesstoothermachinesonthenetworkandcanbecontactedbyothermachines onthenetworkasifitwereaphysicalcomputeronthenetwork. Beawarethatifthehostcomputerissetuptobootmultipleoperatingsystemsandyou runoneormoreoftheminvirtualmachines,youneedtoconfigureeachoperating systemwithauniquenetworkaddress.Peoplewhobootmultipleoperatingsystems oftenassignallsystemsthesameaddress,becausetheyassumeonlyoneoperating systemwillberunningatatime.Ifyouuseoneormoreoftheoperatingsystemsina virtualmachine,thisassumptionisnolongertrue.
How to Edit the Setting Later

IfyoumakeanotherselectionintheNewVirtualMachinewizardandlaterdecideyou wanttousebridgednetworking,makethatchangeasdescribedinChangingthe NetworkingConfigurationonpage 222.
Network Address Translation (NAT)

NATgivesavirtualmachineaccesstonetworkresourcesbyusingthehostcomputers IPaddress.IfyouarenotabletogiveyourvirtualmachineanIPaddressontheexternal network,youmightfindthatNATistheeasiestwaytogiveyourvirtualmachineaccess totheInternetorotherTCP/IPnetwork.NATusesthehostcomputersdialup networkingorbroadbandconnection.
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Figure 11-2. Network Address Translation Setup

virtual machine
virtual network switch (VMnet8)
DHCP server
NAT device
network
IfyouselectNAT,thevirtualmachinecanusemanystandardTCP/IPprotocolsto connecttoothermachinesontheexternalnetwork.Forexample,youcanuseHTTPto browseWebsites,FTPtotransferfiles,andTelnettologontoothercomputers.NAT alsoallowsyoutoconnecttoaTCP/IPnetworkusingaTokenRingadapteronthehost computer. InthedefaultNATconfiguration,computersontheexternalnetworkcannotinitiate connectionstothevirtualmachine.Thatmeans,forexample,thatthedefault configurationdoesnotletyouusethevirtualmachineasaWebservertosendWeb pagestocomputersontheexternalnetwork.Thisconfigurationhastheadvantageof protectingtheguestoperatingsystemfrombeingcompromisedbeforeyouhavea chancetoinstallsecuritysoftware.Forexample,itisoftenrecommendedthatfor Windowsguestoperatingsystems,youuseNATuntilyouinstallantivirussoftware.
How to Set Up NAT

AnetworkaddresstranslationconnectionissetupautomaticallyifyouselectNATin theNewVirtualMachinewizard.OnLinuxhosts,thisselectionisavailableonlyifyou enabletheNAToptionwhenyourunvmware-config.pl.

IfyouuseNAT,yourvirtualmachinedoesnothaveitsownIPaddressontheexternal network.Instead,aseparateprivatenetworkissetuponthehostcomputer.Your virtualmachinegetsanaddressonthatnetworkfromtheVMwareinternalDHCP server.TheVMwareNATdevicepassesnetworkdatabetweenoneormorevirtual machinesandtheexternalnetwork,usingahostnetworkadapterthatisvisibletothe hostoperatingsystem.Itidentifiesincomingdatapacketsintendedforeachvirtual machineandsendsthemtothecorrectdestination.
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IfyoumakesomeotherselectionintheNewVirtualMachinewizardandlaterdecide youwanttouseNAT,youcanmakethatchangeasdescribedinChangingthe NetworkingConfigurationonpage 222. ForamorethoroughdiscussionofNAT,seeUnderstandingNATonpage 248.
Host-Only Networking
Hostonlynetworkingcreatesanetworkthatiscompletelycontainedwithinthehost computer.Hostonlynetworkingprovidesanetworkconnectionbetweenthevirtual machineandthehostcomputer,usingahostnetworkadapterthatisvisibletothehost operatingsystem.Thisapproachcanbeusefulifyouneedtosetupanisolatedvirtual network. Figure 11-3. Host-Only Networking Setup
virtual machine
virtual network switch (VMnet1) host network adapter
DHCP server
AhostonlynetworkissetupautomaticallyifyouselectHostOnlyintheNewVirtual Machinewizard.OnLinuxhosts,thisselectionisavailableonlyifyouenablethe hostonlynetworkingoptionwhenyourunvmware-config.pl.

Ifyouusehostonlynetworking,yourvirtualmachineandthehostnetworkadapter areconnectedtoaprivateEthernetnetwork.Addressesonthisnetworkareprovided bytheVMwareinternalDHCPserver.

IfyoumakeanotherselectionintheNewVirtualMachinewizardandlaterwanttouse hostonlynetworking,youcanmakethatchangeasdescribedinChangingthe NetworkingConfigurationonpage 222.
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Routing and Connection Sharing

Ifyouinstalltheproperroutingorproxysoftwareonyourhostcomputer,youcan establishaconnectionbetweenthevirtualnetworkadapterandaphysicalnetwork adapteronthehostcomputer.Thisallowsyou,forexample,toconnectthevirtual machinetoaTokenRingorothernonEthernetnetwork. OnaWindowshostcomputer,youcanusehostonlynetworkingincombinationwith theInternetconnectionsharingfeatureinWindowstoallowavirtualmachinetouse thehostsdialupnetworkingadapterorotherconnectiontotheInternet.Seeyour WindowsdocumentationfordetailsonconfiguringInternetconnectionsharing.
Example Custom Networking Configuration

ThevirtualnetworkingcomponentsprovidedbyVMwareServermakeitpossiblefor youtocreatesophisticatedvirtualnetworks.Thevirtualnetworkscanbeconnectedto oneormoreexternalnetworks,ortheycanrunentirelyonthehostcomputer. Beforeattemptingtosetupcomplexvirtualnetworks,youmusthaveagood understandingofhowtoconfigurenetworkdevicesinyourhostandguestoperating systems. Theexampledescribedinthissectionillustratesmanyofthewaysyoucancombine devicesonavirtualnetwork.OthercustomconfigurationsaredescribedinAdvanced NetworkingTopicsonpage 230andUnderstandingNATonpage 248. Inthisconfiguration,aWebserverconnectsthroughafirewalltoanexternalnetwork. AnadministratorscomputerconnectstotheWebserverthroughasecondfirewall.
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Figure 11-4. Custom Configuration That Uses Two Firewalls

host network adapter virtual bridge virtual network adapter virtual network switch virtual (VMnet0) network adapter virtual network adapter
virtual machine 2 Web server
virtual machine 1 firewall
virtual machine 3 firewall
virtual machine 4 internal PC
Inadditiontousingthedefaultbridgednetwork,VMnet0,thisconfigurationrequires youtoconfigureVMnet2andVMnet3hostonlyvirtualnetworks.Youwillalsocreate fourvirtualmachinesandinstalltheappropriateguestoperatingsystemsand applicationsoftwareineachvirtualmachineandmaketheappropriatenetworking settingschangesineachvirtualmachine. To set up a virtual network that connects to an external network 1 ConfigureVMnet2andVMnet3hostonlynetworks.
OnWindows,usethevirtualnetworkeditor(fromtheWindowsStartmenu, selectPrograms>VMwareServer>ManageVirtualNetworks)toaddhost virtualadaptersforVMnet2andVMnet3. Afteryoumakechangesusingthevirtualnetworkeditor,youmustrestart yournetworkusingtheRefreshNetworkSystemcommandintheHost SummarytabofVI WebAccess.Thenyoucanaddthesenetworkstovirtual machines.
OnLinux,runvmware-config.pltoconfigureVMnet2andVMnet3 networks.Thescriptautomaticallyrefreshesthenetworkwhenitcompletes theconfigurationchanges.
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SetupfourvirtualmachinesusingtheNewVirtualMachinewizardasdescribed inChapter 4,CreatingandUpgradingVirtualMachines,onpage 59: a Createthefirstvirtualmachineusingthedefaultbridgednetwork(VMnet0), soitcanconnecttoanexternalnetworkwiththehostcomputersnetwork adapter.ThisvirtualmachineactsastheoutsidefirewallfortheDMZ,andis namedFW1inthisprocedure. Createtheotherthreevirtualmachineswithoutnetworking.Thevirtual machinewiththeWebServerisnamedWSinthisprocedure.Thevirtual machinethatactsasaninternalfirewallisnamedFW2inthisprocedure. Youwillsetuptheirvirtualnetworkadaptersinlatersteps. YouwillnotinstalltheoperatingsystemsuntilStep 8.
Configurenetworksettingsforthefirstvirtualmachine,FW1: a b SelectvirtualmachineFW1inVI WebAccess,butdonotpoweriton. UsetheAddHardwarewizardtoaddtheVMnet2network(HostOnly1)to thevirtualmachine. SeeAddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtualMachineonpage 223.
ConfigurenetworksettingsfortheWebServervirtualmachine,asfollows: a b SelectWSinVI WebAccess,butdonotpoweriton. UsetheAddHardwarewizardtoaddtheVMnet2(HostOnly1)network adaptertothevirtualmachine. SeeAddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtualMachineonpage 223.
Configurenetworksettingsfortheinsidefirewallvirtualmachine,asfollows: a b SelectFW2inVI WebAccess,butdonotpoweriton. UsetheAddHardwarewizardtoaddtheVMnet2(HostOnly1)network adaptertothevirtualmachine. SeeAddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtualMachineonpage 223. c UsetheAddHardwarewizardtoaddtheVMnet3(HostOnly2)connectionto thevirtualmachine.
Configurenetworksettingsforthefourthvirtualmachine,asfollows: UsetheAddHardwarewizardtoaddtheVMnet3connectiontothevirtual machine. SeeAddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtualMachineonpage 223.
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DeterminethenetworkaddressesusedforVMnet2andVMnet3:
OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandrun:
ipconfig /all
Notethenetworkaddressesusedbyeachvirtualadapter.
OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandrun:
ifconfig
Notethenetworkaddressesusedbyeachvirtualswitch. 8 Poweroneachvirtualmachineinturnandinstalltheappropriateguestoperating system. NOTEOnaWindowshost,forStep 9,youarenotrequiredtoconfigurenetwork addressesmanually.YoucaninsteaduseVMwareServersDHCPserver.Inthe virtualnetworkeditorsDHCPtab,addVMnet2andVMnet3tothelistofvirtual networksservedbytheVMwareinternalDHCPserver. 9 Configurethenetworkingineachguestoperatingsystem:

Machine1Forthebridgednetworkadapterinvirtualmachine1,usethe networkingsettingsneededforaconnectiontotheexternalnetwork.Ifthe virtualmachinegetsitsIPaddressfromaDHCPserverontheexternal network,thedefaultsettingswillwork. Forthesecondnetworkadapterinvirtualmachine1,manuallyassignanIP addressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2.

Machine2AssignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2. Machine3NetworkadaptersareconnectedtoVMnet2andVMnet3.Assign eachadapteranIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwiththevirtualnetwork towhichitisconnected. Machine4AssignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet3.
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Installthenecessaryapplicationsoftwareineachvirtualmachine.
Changing the Networking Configuration

Thissectiondescribeshowyoucanaddvirtualnetworkadapterstoyourvirtual machineandchangetheconfigurationofexistingadapters.
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Refreshing the Network

OnWindows,toconfigurecustomvirtualnetworksyoumustusethevirtualnetwork editor(fromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms>VMwareServer>Manage VirtualNetworks).Afteryoumakechangesusingthevirtualnetworkeditor,youmust updatethenetworklistinVI Web AccessusingtheRefreshNetworkListcommand. Afterrefreshingthenetwork,thechangesmadeusingthevirtualnetworkeditor appearintheNetworkssectionofthehostsSummarytab,andyoucanaddthese networkstovirtualmachines. To restart the virtual network system 1 2 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. IntheCommandssectionofthehostSummarytab,clickRefresh Network List.
Adding a Network Adapter to a Virtual Machine

Virtualnetworkadapterscanbeconnectedtoalabelednetworkinmuchthesameway thatphysicalnetworkadaptersareconnectedbycablestowalljacks.Bychoosinga labelednetworkforanadapter,youenabletheguestoperatingsystemtoreachthe resourcesofthespecifiednetwork. To add a virtual network adapter 1 2 3 SelectthevirtualmachinetomodifyfromtheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheCommandssectionoftheSummarytab,clickAddHardware. TheAddHardwarewizardopens. 4 5 ClickNetworkAdapter,andclickNext. Selectthenameofthevirtualnetworkadapter.SelectBridged,NAT,HostOnly,or acustomnetworkyouhaveconfiguredinthevirtualnetworkeditor(Windows)or vmware-config.pl(Linux). Ifyouselectacustomnetworkyouconfiguredinthevirtualnetworkeditor,select namethatcorrespondstotheVMnetvirtualnetworktousefromthedropdown list. NOTEVMnet0,VMnet1,andVMnet8arenormallyusedforbridged,hostonly, andNATconfigurations,respectively.Specialstepsarerequiredtomakethem availableforuseincustomconfigurations.Selectoneoftheotherswitches.
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6 7
(Optional)Tohavethenetworkadapterconnectedtothevirtualmachinewhen youpoweriton,selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepageappearsanddisplaysthehardwaresettings.
Editing a Virtual Network Adapter

Virtualnetworkadapterscanbeconnectedtoalabelednetworkinmuchthesameway thatphysicalnetworkadaptersareconnectedbycablestowalljacks.Bychoosinga labelednetworkforanadapter,youenabletheguestoperatingsystemtoreachthe resourcesofthespecifiednetwork. To edit an existing network adapter 1 2 3 4 SelectthevirtualmachinetomodifyfromtheInventorypanel. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clickthenetworkadaptertomodify andselectEdit. (Optional)Toconnectthevirtualmachinetothisnetworkwhenthevirtual machineispoweredon,selectConnectatpoweron. IntheNetworkConnectionlist,selectthevirtualnetworkname. SelectBridged,NAT,HostOnly,orthenameofyourcustomVMnetvirtual networkfromthedropdownlist. 5 (Optional)IntheMACAddresssection,thecurrentMACaddressisdisplayedin atextbox.Initially,theMACaddressisgeneratedbythehost.Youmightwantto changetheMACaddressmanuallyif,forexample:
Virtualnetworkadaptersondifferentphysicalserverssharethesamesubnet andareassignedthesameMACaddress,causingaconflict. YouwanttoensurethatavirtualnetworkadapteralwayshasthesameMAC address.
IfyouselectManual,youcaneditthevalueoftheMACaddressinthetextbox. Thevalueyouentermustbebetween00:50:56:00:00:00and 00:50:56:3F:FF:FF. SeeMaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachineon page 234.
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ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. MakesuretheguestoperatingsystemisconfiguredtouseanappropriateIP addressonthenewnetwork. IftheguestisusingDHCP,releaseandrenewthelease.IftheIPaddressisset statically,makesuretheguesthasanaddressonthecorrectvirtualnetwork.
Removing a Network Adapter from a Virtual Machine

Ifyounolongerwanttouseanetworkadapterinavirtualmachine,youcanremoveit. To remove an existing network adapter 1 2 3 SelectthevirtualmachinetomodifyfromtheInventorypanel. OntheSummarytab,clickthenetworkadaptertoremoveandselectRemove. Adialogboxpromptsyoutoconfirmthatyouwanttoremovetheadapter.Ifyou wanttoremoveit,clickYes. Thenetworkadapterisdeleted.
Configuring Bridged Networking Options on a Windows Host

Youcanviewandchangethesettingsforbridgednetworkingonyourhost.These changesaffectallvirtualmachinesusingbridgednetworkingonthehost. Youcanchoosewhichnetworkadaptersonyourhosttouseforbridgednetworking. Youcanmapspecificanetworkadaptertoaspecificvirtualnetwork(VMnet). To configure bridged networking options on a Windows host 1 Startthevirtualnetworkeditor(fromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms > VMwareServer>ManageVirtualNetworks). ThevirtualnetworkeditordisplaystheSummarytab. 2 Bydefault,theVMnet0virtualnetworkissetupinbridgedmodeandisbridged tooneoftheactivenetworkadaptersonthehostcomputer. Thechoiceofwhichadapteritusesisarbitrary.VMwarerecommendsthatyoulet VMwareServerselectanavailablephysicalnetworkadapterforbridging,to providefaulttolerance.Ifanetworkadapterbecomesunavailable(forexample,if itisunpluggedorremovedfromthehost),thenetworkbridgeautomatically switchestoanothernetworkadapteronthehost.
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YoucanrestricttherangeofchoicesusingtheoptionsontheAutomaticBridging tab. (VMnet1isthedefaultvirtualnetworkforhostonlynetworkingandVMnet8isthe defaultvirtualnetworkforNAT,iftheyareenabledinVMware Server.) 3 ToexcludeoneormorephysicalnetworkadaptersfromthelisttowhichVMnet0 canbebridged,clicktheAutomaticBridgingtab. Toexcludeanetworkadapter,clickAddtoaddittothelistofexcludeddevices. IntheChooseNetworkAdaptersdialogbox,selectthelistingfortheadapteryou wanttoexclude,andclickOK. Toremoveanadapterfromthelistofexcludedadapters,selectitsnameinthelist, andclickRemove. Ifyouareusingteamednetworkadaptersonyourhost,youcanexcludethe physicalnetworkadaptersfrombridgednetworking.Forinformationabout teamednetworkadapters,seeConfiguringBridgedNetworkingWhenUsing TeamedNetworkInterfaceCardsonpage 238. 4 Todesignateaphysicalnetworkadaptertobeusedforbridgednetworkingon virtualswitchesnamedVMnet2VMnet7,clicktheHostVirtualNetwork Mappingtab. Selectanadapterfromthedropdownlistbesidethenameofthevirtualswitch youwanttouse. Ifyouareusingteamednetworkadaptersonyourhost,youcanselecttheteamed networkadapterforVMnet0. CAUTIONBecarefulwhenyouchangethebridgedadaptermappings.Ifyou reassignaphysicalnetworkadaptertoadifferentvirtualnetwork,anyvirtual machineusingtheoriginalnetworklosesitsnetworkconnectivitythroughthat network.Youmustthenchangethesettingforeachaffectedvirtualmachines networkadapterindividually.Thiscanbeespeciallytroublesomeifyourhosthas onlyonephysicalnetworkadapterandyoureassignittoaVMnetotherthan VMnet0.EventhoughtheVMnetstillappearstobebridgedtoanautomatically chosenadapter,theonlyadapteritcanusehasbeenassignedtoanotherVMnet.
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TomakechangestothesubnetortheDHCPsettingsforavirtualnetwork,clickthe buttonontherightthatcorrespondstothevirtualnetworkyouwanttoconfigure, andselectSubnetorDHCP. IntheSubnetdialogbox,youcanchangethesubnetsIPaddressandthesubnet mask.Theaddressmustbeavalidnetworkaddressthatissuitableforusewiththe subnetmask. Thedefaultsubnetmaskis255.255.255.0(aclassCnetwork).Typically,thismeans youshouldmodifyonlythethirdnumberintheIPaddressforexample,xin 192.168.x.0or172.16.x.0.Ingeneral,youshouldnotchangethesubnetmask. Certainvirtualnetworkservicesmightnotworkaswellwithacustomizedsubnet mask. Whenyoumodifythenetworkaddressorsubnetmask,VMwareServer automaticallyupdatestheIPaddresssettingsforothercomponentssuchas DHCP,NAT,andhostvirtualadapteronthatvirtualnetworktoreflectthenew settings.ThespecificsettingsthatareautomaticallyupdatedincludeDHCPlease range,DHCPserveraddress,NATgatewayaddress,andhostvirtualadapterIP address.However,ifyouchangeanyofthesesettingsfromitsdefaultvalue evenifyoulaterchangethesettingbacktothedefaultVMware Serverdoesnot updatethatcustomsetting. IntheDHCPsettingsdialogbox,youcanchangetherangeofIPaddresses providedbytheDHCPserveronaparticularvirtualnetwork.Youcanalsosetthe durationofleasesprovidedtoclientsonthevirtualnetwork.
Whenyouhavemadeallthechangesyouwanttomakeinthevirtualnetwork editor,clickOK.
Enabling, Disabling, Adding, and Removing Host Virtual Adapters

WhenyouinstallVMwareServer,twonetworkadaptersareaddedtotheconfiguration ofyourhostoperatingsystem:onethatallowsthehosttoconnecttothehostonly networkandonethatallowsthehosttoconnecttotheNATnetwork. Ifyouarenotusingtheseadapters,youcanremovethem.OnWindowshosts,youcan disabletheadaptersinsteadofremovingthem.Thepresenceoftheseadaptershasa slightperformancecost,becausebroadcastpacketsmustgototheextraadapters.On Windowsnetworks,browsingyournetworkcanbeslowerthanusual.Andinsome cases,theseadaptersinteractwiththehostcomputersnetworkingconfigurationin undesirableways.
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To disable a host virtual adapter on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 5 Startthevirtualnetworkeditor(fromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms> VMwareServer>ManageVirtualNetworks). SelecttheHostVirtualAdapterstab. Selecttheadapteryouwanttodisable. ClickDisableadapter. ClickOK.
To enable a disabled host virtual adapter on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 5 Startthevirtualnetworkeditor(fromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms> VMwareServer>ManageVirtualNetworks). ClickHostVirtualAdapters. Selectthedisabledadapteryouwanttoenable. ClickEnableadapter. ClickOK.
To add a host virtual adapter on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 5 6 Startthevirtualnetworkeditor(fromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms> VMwareServer>ManageVirtualNetworks). ClickHostVirtualAdapters. ClickAddnewadapter. Selectthevirtualnetworkonwhichyouwanttousetheadapter,andclickOK. ClickApply. ClickOKtoclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
To remove a host virtual adapter on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 5 FromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms>VMwareServer>Manage VirtualNetworks. ClickHostVirtualAdapters. Selecttheadapteryouwanttoremove,thenclickRemoveadapter. ClickApply. ClickOKtoclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
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To remove a host virtual adapter on a Linux host 1 Asroot(su -),runtheVMwareServerconfigurationprogram.

vmware-config.pl
ToconfigureVMwareServercorrectly,thevmware-config.plconfiguration programrequiresallvirtualmachinestobeshutdown.Theprogramshutsdown anyrunningvirtualmachinesautomatically. Ifyoustillwanttouseanynetworkinginyourvirtualmachines,respondyesto thefollowingprompt:

Do you want networking for your Virtual Machines? (yes/no/help) [yes]
Otherwise,typenotoremoveallnetworking. 2 Ifyourespondyestousenetworking,thescriptpromptsyoutoselectthewizard ortheeditortoedityournetworkconfiguration.Selecteditor.Thisistheonly waytodeletevirtualnetworkadapterswithoutremovingallofthem.

Would you prefer to modify your existing networking configuration using the wizard or the editor? (wizard/editor/help) [wizard] editor
Alistofvirtualnetworksthathavebeenconfiguredisdisplayed.Selectthe networkcorrespondingtotheadapteryouwanttodisable.Forexample:
The following virtual networks have been defined: . vmnet0 is bridged to eth0 . vmnet1 is a host-only network on subnet 172.16.155.0. . vmnet8 is NAT network on a private subnet 172.16.107.0. Which virtual network do you wish to configure? (0-99) 1
Youmightbepromptedtokeepthisvirtualnetwork.Ifyouaresureyouwantto removeit,typeyeswhenprompted:
The network vmnet1 has been reserved for a host-only network. You may change it, but it is highly recommended that you use it as a host-only network. Are you sure you want to modify it? (yes/no) [no] yes
Whenpromptedaboutthetypeofvirtualnetwork,selectnonetoremovethe virtualnetwork.
What type of virtual network do you wish to set vmnet1? (bridged,hostonly,nat,none) [hostonly] none
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Advanced Networking Topics

Thefollowingsectionsdescribeadvancednetworkingtopics.
Selecting IP Addresses on a Host-Only Network or NAT Configuration

Ahostonlynetworkusesaprivatevirtualnetwork.Thehostandallvirtualmachines configuredforhostonlynetworkingareconnectedtothenetworkthroughavirtual switch.TypicallyallthepartiesonthisprivatenetworkusetheTCP/IPprotocolsuite, althoughothercommunicationprotocolscanbeused. Anetworkaddresstranslation(NAT)configurationalsosetsupaprivatenetwork, whichmustbeaTCP/IPnetwork.ThevirtualmachinesconfiguredforNATare connectedtothatnetworkthroughavirtualswitch.Thehostcomputerisalso connectedtotheprivatenetworkusedforNATthroughahostvirtualadapter. Eachvirtualmachineandthehostmustbeassignedaddressesontheprivatenetwork. ThisistypicallydoneusingtheDHCPserverthatcomeswithVMwareServer.This serverdoesnotservicevirtual(orphysical)machinesresidingonbridgednetworks. Addressescanalsobeassignedstaticallyfromapoolofaddressesthatarenotassigned bytheDHCPserver. IfhostonlynetworkingisenabledwhenVMwareServerisinstalled,thenetwork numbertouseforthevirtualnetworkisautomaticallyselectedasanunusedprivateIP networknumber.TofindoutwhichnetworkisusedonaWindowshost,select Programs>VMwareServer>ManageVirtualNetworksandcheckthesubnetnumber associatedwiththevirtualnetwork.OnaLinuxhost,runifconfiginaterminal. ANATconfigurationalsousesanunusedprivatenetworkautomaticallyselectedwhen youinstallVMwareServer.TofindoutwhichnetworkisusedonaWindowshost, selectPrograms>VMwareServer>ManageVirtualNetworksandcheckthesubnet numberassociatedwiththevirtualnetwork.OnaLinuxhost,runifconfigina terminal. UsingDHCPtoassignIPaddressesissimplerthanstaticallyassigningthem.Most Windowsoperatingsystems,forexample,comepreconfiguredtouseDHCPatboot time,soWindowsvirtualmachinescanconnecttothenetworkthefirsttimetheyare booted,withoutadditionalconfiguration.Ifyouwantyourvirtualmachinesto communicatewitheachotherusingnamesinsteadofIPaddresses,however,youmust setupanamingconvention,anameserverontheprivatenetwork,orboth.Inthatcase itmightbesimplertousestaticIPaddresses.
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Ingeneral,ifyouhavevirtualmachinesyouintendtousefrequentlyorforextended periodsoftime,itisprobablymostconvenienttoassignthemstaticIPaddressesorto configuretheVMwareDHCPservertoalwaysassignthesameIPaddresstoeachof thesevirtualmachines. To configure the DHCP server on a Linux host 1 2 OnaLinuxhost,configurethehostonlyDHCPserverbyeditingtheDHCP configurationfileforVMnet1(/etc/vmware/vmnet1/dhcp/dhcp.conf ). ToconfiguretheDHCPserverfortheNATnetwork,edittheconfigurationfilefor VMnet8(/etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcp/dhcp.conf ). EditingtheDHCPserverconfigurationfilerequiresinformationthatisbest obtaineddirectlyfromtheDHCPserverdocumentation. 3 Consultthemanualpagesdhcpd(8)anddhcpd.conf(8).
To configure the DHCP server on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 5 OnaWindowshost,youconfiguretheDHCPserverusingthevirtualnetwork editor. FromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms>VMwareServer>Manage VirtualNetworks. ClickDHCP. Selectthevirtualnetworkforwhichyouwanttochangesettingsandclick Properties. Makethedesiredchanges,thenclickOK.
Choosing the Method for Assigning IP Addresses

Forvirtualmachinesthatyoudonotexpecttokeepforlong,useDHCPandletit allocateanIPaddress. ForeachhostonlyorNATnetwork,theavailableIPaddressesaresplitupusingthe conventionsshowninthetablesbelow,where<net>isthenetworknumberassignedto yourhostonlyorNATnetwork.VMwareServeralwaysusesaClassCaddressfor hostonlyandNATnetworks.
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Table 11-1. Address Use on a Host-Only Network

Range <net>.1 <net>.2<net>.127 <net>.128<net>.253 <net>.254 <net>.255 Address Use Hostmachine Staticaddresses DHCPassigned DHCPserver Broadcasting Example 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2192.168.0.127 192.168.0.128192.168.0.253 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.255
Table 11-2. Address Use on a NAT Network

Range <net>.1 <net>.2 <net>.3<net>.127 <net>.128<net>.253 <net>.254 <net>.255 Address Use Hostmachine NATdevice Staticaddresses DHCPassigned DHCPserver Broadcasting Example 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3192.168.0.127 192.168.0.128192.168.0.253 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.255
Avoiding IP Packet Leakage in a Host-Only Network

Bydesign,eachhostonlynetworkshouldbeconfinedtothehostmachineonwhichit issetup.Thatis,nopacketssentbyvirtualmachinesonthisnetworkshouldleakout toaphysicalnetworkattachedtothehost.Packetleakagecanoccuronlyifamachine activelyforwardspackets.Itispossibleforthehostmachineoranyvirtualmachine runningonthehostonlynetworktobeconfiguredinawaythatpermitspacket leakage.
Windows Hosts
SystemsusingserverversionsofWindows2000arecapableofforwardingIPpackets thatarenotaddressedtothem.Bydefault,however,thesesystemscomewithIPpacket forwardingdisabled. IfyoufindpacketsleakingoutofahostonlynetworkonaWindows2000host computer,checktoseewhetherforwardinghasbeenenabledonthehostmachine.Ifit isenabled,disableit.
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SelectStart>Programs>AdministrativeTools>RoutingandRemoteAccess.Anicon ontheleftislabeledwiththehostname.Ifagreendotappearsovertheicon,IP forwardingisturnedon.Toturnitoff,rightclicktheiconanddisableRoutingand RemoteAccess.Areddotappears,indicatingthatIPforwardingisdisabled.
Linux Hosts
IfyoufindpacketsleakingoutofahostonlynetworkonaLinuxhostcomputer,check toseewhetherforwardinghasmistakenlybeenenabledonthehostmachine.Ifitis enabled,disableit. FormanyLinuxsystems,disableforwardingbywritinga0(zero)tothespecialfile /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward.Asroot,enterthiscommand:
echo 0>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
OtherLinuxsystemshaveasystemconfigurationoptionthatyoucanset.Themethod dependsonyourLinuxdistribution.Youcanuseacontrolpanel,specifyasettingatthe timeyoucompileyourkernel,orpossiblyenteraspecificationwhenyoubootyour system.Consultyouroperatingsystemdocumentationfordetailsonthemethodtouse withyourparticulardistribution.
Using Filtering
Ifthehostcomputerhasmultiplenetworkadapters,itmightbeintentionally configuredtodoIPforwarding.Inthiscase,youdonotwanttodisableforwarding.To avoidpacketleakage,youmustenableapacketfilteringfacilityandspecifythat packetsfromthehostonlynetworkshouldnotbesentoutsidethehostcomputer. Consultyouroperatingsystemdocumentationfordetailsonhowtoconfigurepacket filtering.
Leaks from a Virtual Machine

Virtualmachinesmightleakpackets,aswell.Forexample,ifyouusedialup networkingsupportinavirtualmachineandpacketforwardingisenabled,hostonly networktrafficmightleakoutthroughthedialupconnection. Topreventtheleakage,makesurepacketforwardingisdisabledinyourguest operatingsystem.
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Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine

Whenavirtualmachineispoweredon,VMwareServerassignseachofitsvirtual networkadaptersanEthernetmediaaccesscontrol(MAC)address.AMACaddressis theuniqueaddressassignedtoeachEthernetnetworkdevice. ThesoftwareguaranteesthatvirtualmachinesareassigneduniqueMACaddresses withinagivenhostsystem.ThevirtualmachineisassignedthesameMACaddress everytimeitispoweredonifbothofthefollowingconditionsaretrue:
Thevirtualmachineisnotmoved.Thatis,thepathandfilenameforthevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)fileremainthesame. Nochangesaremadetocertainsettingsintheconfigurationfile.
However,VMwareServercannotguaranteethatitwillautomaticallyassignunique MACaddressesforvirtualmachinesthatrunonmultiplehostsystems.
Avoiding MAC Address Changes

ToavoidchangesintheMACaddressautomaticallyassignedtoavirtualmachine,do notmovethevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile.Movingittoadifferenthost computerorevenmovingittoadifferentlocationonthesamehostcomputerchanges theMACaddress. Alsodonotchangecertainsettingsinthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile.Ifyou neveredittheconfigurationfilebyhandanddonotremovethevirtualnetwork adapter,thesesettingsremainuntouched.Ifyoudoedittheconfigurationfilebyhand, donotremoveorchangethefollowingoptions:
ethernet[n].generatedAddress ethernet[n].addressType ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset uuid.location uuid.bios ethernet[n].present
Intheseoptions, ethernet[n] isthenumberofthevirtualnetworkadapter,for exampleethernet0. NOTETopreserveavirtualnetworkadaptersMACaddress,youalsomustbecareful nottoremovetheadapter.Ifyouremovetheadapterbutlaterrecreateit,theadapter mightreceiveadifferentMACaddress.
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Assigning a Specific MAC Address Manually

AssignaspecificMACaddressusingtheproceduredescribedinEditingaVirtual NetworkAdapteronpage 224.Thisguaranteesthefollowing:
ThesameMACaddressisassignedtoagivenvirtualmachineeverytimeyou poweriton,evenifthevirtualmachineismoved. AuniqueMACaddressforeachvirtualmachinewithinanetworkedenvironment.
Theaddressmustbeintheformat:
00:50:56:XX:YY:ZZ
XXmustbeavalidhexadecimalnumberbetween00hand3Fh,andYYandZZmustbe validhexadecimalnumbersbetween00handFFh.Youmustusethisformatbecause VMwareServervirtualmachinesdonotsupportarbitraryMACaddresses. AvalueforXX:YY:ZZthatisuniqueamongyourhardcodedaddressesavoidsconflicts betweentheautomaticallyassignedMACaddressesandthemanuallyassigned addresses.
Controlling Routing for a Host-Only Network on a Linux Host

Ahostonlynetworkisafullfledgednetwork.Ithasanetworkinterfaceassociated withit(VMnet1)thatismarkedupatthetimethehostoperatingsystemisbooted. Consequently,routingserverprocessesthatoperateonthehostoperatingsystem,such asroutedandgated,automaticallydiscoverthenetworkandpropagateinformation abouthowtoreachitunlessyouexplicitlyconfigurethemnottodoso. Ifeitheroftheseprocessesisbeingrunonlytoreceiveroutinginformation,theeasiest solutionistoruntheprocesswitha-qoptionsothatitdoesnotsupplyrouting information,onlyreceivesit. If,however,theprocessesarerunningbecausetheysupplyroutinginformation,you needtoconfigurethemsotheydonotadvertiseroutestothehostonlynetwork. TheversionofroutedthatcomeswithmanydistributionsofLinuxhasnosupportfor specifyingthataninterfaceshouldnotbeadvertised.Consulttherouted(8)manual pageforyoursystemincaseyouhaveamorecontemporaryversionofthesoftware. Thegatedprocessrequiressomeconfiguration.Youneedtoexplicitlyexcludethe VMnet1interfacefromanyprotocolactivity.Ifyouneedtorunvirtualmachinesona hostonlynetworkonamultihomedsystemwheregatedisusedandhaveproblems doingso,contactVMwaretechnicalsupportbysubmittingasupportrequestat www.vmware.com/requestsupport.
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Potential Issues with Host-Only Networking on a Linux Host

Thefollowingarecommonissuesyoumightencounterwhenyouareconfiguringa hostonlynetwork.
DHCPD on the Linux Host Does Not Work After VMware Server Installation
IfyouwererunningtheDHCPserverprogramdhcpdonyourmachinebefore installingVMwareServer,itprobablywasconfiguredtorespondtoDHCPrequests fromclientsonanynetworkinterfacepresentonthemachine.Whenhostonly networkingisconfigured,anadditionalnetworkinterface,VMnet1,ismarkedup andavailableforuse,anddhcpdmightnoticethis. Insuchcases,somedhcpdimplementationsabortiftheirconfigurationfilesdonot includeasubnetspecificationfortheinterfaceevenifdhcpdisnotsupposedto respondtomessagesthatarrivethroughtheinterface. Thebestsolutiontothisproblemistoaddalineinthefollowingformattothedhcpd configurationfile:
subnet <net>.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {}
<net>isthenetworknumberassignedtoyourhostonlynetworkforexample, 192.168.0.Thisconfigurationfileentryinformsdhcpdaboutthehostonlynetworkand tellsitexplicitlynottorespondtoanyDHCPrequestsitseescomingfromit. Analternativesolutionistoexplicitlystatethesetofnetworkinterfacesthatyouwant dhcpdtolistentoeachtimeyoustarttheprogram.Forexample,ifyourmachinehas oneEthernetinterface,eth0,theneachtimeyoustartdhcpd,listitonthecommand line:

dhcpd eth0
Thiskeepsdhcpdfromprobingforallavailablenetworkinterfaces. IftheabovesolutionsdonotworkforyourDHCPserverprogram,thenitlikelyisold. YoucantryupgradingtoamorecurrentversionsuchastheDHCPsoftwareavailable fromtheISCWebsiteatwww.isc.org.
DHCP and Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS)

DHCPcanbeusedtohandoutIPaddressesaswellasotherinformation,suchasthe identityofahostrunninganameserverandthenearestrouterorgateway.TheDHCP serverinVMwareServerdoesnotprovideameanstodynamicallyestablisha relationshipbetweentheIPaddressitassignsandaclientsname(thatis,toupdatea DNSserverusingDDNS).
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Ifyouwanttousenamestocommunicatewithothervirtualmachines,youmusteither edittheDHCPconfigurationfileforVMnet1(/etc/vmware/vmnet1.conf )oruseIP addressesthatarestaticallyboundtoahostname.EditingtheDHCPserver configurationfilerequiresinformationthatisbestobtaineddirectlyfromtheDHCP serverdocumentation.Consultthemanualpagesdhcpd(8)anddhcpd.conf(8).
Setting Up a Second Bridged Network Interface on a Linux Host

Ifyourhostcomputerhastwonetworkadaptersconnectedtotwodifferentnetworks, youcanconfigureyourvirtualmachinesonthathostcomputertobridgetoboth networkadapters.Thatway,thevirtualmachinescanaccesseitherorbothphysical networks. WhenyouinstallVMwareServeronahostcomputerwithmultiplenetworkadapters, youhavetheoptionofconfiguringmorethanonebridgednetwork.Youcanalso configureadditionalbridgednetworksatanytimebyrerunningvmware-config.pl. To set up another Bridged network interface on a Linux host 1 Asroot(su -),runtheVMwareServerconfigurationprogram.
vmware-config.pl
ToconfigureVMwareServercorrectly,thevmware-config.plconfiguration programrequiresallvirtualmachinestobeshutdown.Theprogramshutsdown anyrunningvirtualmachinesautomatically. Ifyouhavemorethanonephysicalnetworkadapter,oneofthepromptsyousee issimilartothis:

The following bridged networks have been defined: . vmnet0 is bridged to eth0 Do you wish to configure another bridged network? (yes/no) [no]
Typeyes. 2 Ifyouhaveadditionalphysicalnetworkadaptersnotyetconnectedtoabridged network,thepromptisrepeated,showinginformationaboutallcurrently configuredbridgednetworks. Whenyouhavesetupallthebridgednetworksyouwant,typeno.
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Configuring Bridged Networking When Using Teamed Network Interface Cards

Networkadapterteaming(wheretwoormorenetworkinterfacecardsworkasoneand appearasasingle,separatedevice)providesaVMwareServerhostandthevirtual machinesrunningonitwithalevelofnetworkhardwarefaulttolerance.Ifonephysical networkadapterfails,thennetworktrafficforthehostandvirtualmachinescan continueusingtheremainingnetworkadaptersintheteam. Anothermethodforprovidingfaulttoleranceisbymakingsurethatautomatic bridgingisenabled.ThisfeatureisavailableonWindowshostsonlyandisenabledby default.Formoreinformation,seeConfiguringBridgedNetworkingOptionsona WindowsHostonpage 225.Thismethodismorelimitedthanusingnetworkadapter teaming,asitdoesnotallowforloadbalancing,switchfaulttolerance,faulttolerance toanynecessaryservicesrunningonthehost,ortheabilitytospecifyanadapterasthe primaryorsecondaryadapter. Certainnetworkadapterteamingmodesprovideloadbalancingandarediscussed below. IfyourVMwareServerhostisconfiguredtouseteamednetworkinterfacecards,and youusebridgednetworkingwithyourvirtualmachines,youneedtoadjustyour networksettings.YoudothisbybindingtheVMwareBridgeProtocoltotheteamed networkadapterandunbindingitfromeachindividual,physicalnetworkadapteron thehost.SeeSettingUptheWindowsHostonpage 239. BeforeyoustartusingteamedNICstonetworkyourvirtualmachines,youmusthave agoodunderstandingofhownetworkteamingworksinyourhostenvironment.
Support for Network Adapter Teaming

VMwaresupportsteamedNICsonWindowshostswithenterpriseclassnetwork adaptersthatcanbeconfiguredfornetworkadapterteaming.Ifthereisaspecific teamednetworkingmode(suchas802.3adDynamicor802.3adDraftStaticmode)you wanttouse,youmustuseadaptersthatsupportthatmode. NOTEYoumightbeunabletouseHostTeamedBroadcomNICsforabridgedvirtual networkifyouareusingteamedBroadcomnetworkadapterssettoSmartLoadBalance andFailOverusingBroadcomteamnetworkingsoftware,orifyouarenotrunningthe latestvirtualadapterdriver.TobridgetoateamedBroadcomdevice,makesurethat youhaveinstalledthelatestdriver,thenrecreatetheteamwithGenericTrunkingasthe TeamType. VMwarehasnottestedanddoesnotsupportnetworkadapterteamswith VMware ServeronLinuxhosts.
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VMwareServersupportsteamedBroadcombasednetworkadapterswhenusedwith Broadcomteamingsoftwareinthefollowingmodes:

GenericTrunking(FEC/GEC/802.3adDraftStatic) LinkAggregation(802.3ad) SmartLoadBalanceandFailOver
VMwareServersupportsteamedIntelbasednetworkadapterswhenusedwithIntel PROSetversion6.4orhigher(32bithosts)orPROSetversion10.0orhigher(64bit hosts)inthefollowingmodes:

AdapterFaultTolerance AdaptiveLoadBalancing StaticLinkAggregation(64bithosts) FEC/802.3adStaticLinkAggregation(32bithosts) GEC/802.3adStaticLinkAggregation(32bithosts) IEEE802.3adDynamicLinkAggregation
NOTEExpressTeamingmodeisnotsupportedwhenyouareteamingIntelbased networkadapters.
Setting Up the Windows Host

WhenusingVMwareServeronaWindowshostwithteamednetworkadaptersand bridgednetworking,theVMwareBridgeProtocolmustbeboundtotheteamed networkadapterandunboundfromtheindividualphysicalnetworkadapters. To set up bridged networking on a Windows host 1 OpentheWindowsControlPanel,andopenNetworkConnections(onaWindows Server2003host)oropenNetworkandDialupConnections(onaWindows2000 host). Rightclicktheteamednetworkadapterdevice,andselectPropertiestobindthe VMwareBridgeProtocoltotheteamednetworkadapter. CheckVMwareBridgeProtocol. ClickOKtoclosethepropertysheet. Rightclickthenetworkadapter,andselectPropertiestounbindthe VMware BridgeProtocolfromeachphysicalnetworkadapterthatisbeingused forbridgednetworking.
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CleartheVMwareBridgeProtocolcheckbox. ClickOKtoclosethepropertysheet.
Alternately,youcanusethevirtualnetworkeditortoeithermaptheteamednetwork adaptertoVMnet0orexcludethephysicaladaptersfromanyautomaticbridgingby VMwareServer.Forinformation,seeConfiguringBridgedNetworkingOptionsona WindowsHostonpage 225.
Changing the Teamed Networking Mode

Ifyouchangetheteamednetworkingmode,youmustdeletetheoriginalnetwork adapterteamonthehostandcreateanewteam.Donotmodifyavirtualmachines networkadapterteamingsettings. CAUTIONBeforeyoudeletetheoriginalteam,powerofforsuspendallvirtual machinesonthehosttopreventtheteamingsoftwarefromlockingup.
Setting Up Two Separate Host-Only Networks

Forsomeconfigurations,youmightneedtosetupmorethanonehostonlynetworkon thesamehostcomputer. Youmight,forexample,wanttohavetwovirtualmachinesconnectedtoonehostonly network,andatthesametimehaveothervirtualmachinesconnectedtoanother hostonlynetwork.Thissetupisolatesnetworktrafficoneachnetwork. Oryoumightwanttotestroutingbetweentwovirtualnetworks.Ortestavirtual machinewithmultiplenetworkinterfacecardswithoutusinganyphysicalnetwork adapters. OnWindowshosts,thefirsthostonlynetworkissetupautomaticallywhenyouinstall VMwareServer. OnLinuxhosts,thefirsthostonlynetworkissetupwhenyourunthe vmware-config.plprogramafteryouinstallVMwareServer(providedyouagreeto installhostonlynetworking).Ifyoudidnotagreetousehostonlynetworking,you needtorunthescriptagaintosetuphostonlynetworking. Tosetupthesecondhostonlynetwork,followthestepsoutlinedbelowforyourhost operatingsystem.
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To set up the second host-only interface on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 5 6 FromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms>VMwareServer>Manage VirtualNetworks. ClickHostVirtualAdapters. ClickAddnewadapter. SelectthevirtualnetworkonwhichtousetheadapterandclickOK. ClickApply. ClickOKtoclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
To set up the second host-only interface on a Linux host 1 Asroot(su -),runtheVMwareServerconfigurationprogram.

vmware-config.pl
ToconfigureVMwareServercorrectly,thevmware-config.plconfiguration programrequiresallvirtualmachinestobeshutdown.Theprogramshutsdown anyrunningvirtualmachinesautomatically. AfterpromptingtoconfigureaNATnetwork,thefollowingpromptisdisplayed:

Do you want to be able to use host-only networking in your virtual machines?
Selectyes. Thewizardreportsonhostonlynetworksthatyouhavealreadysetuponthehost or,ifnohostonlynetworkispresent,configuresthefirstone. Thewizardprompts:

Do you wish to configure another host-only network?
Selectyes. Repeatthisstepforeachhostonlynetworkyouwanttoconfigure.Thentypeno.
Completetheremainingstepsinthewizard. Whenthewizardisfinished,itrestartsallservicesusedbyVMwareServer.
Runifconfig. Youshouldseeatleastfournetworkinterfaceseth0,lo,vmnet1,andvmnet2. IftheVMnetinterfacesdonotdisplayimmediately,waitforaminute,andrunthe commandagain.ThesefourinterfacesshouldhavedifferentIPaddresson separatesubnets.
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Configuring the Virtual Machines

Nowyouhavetwohostonlyinterfaces(VMnet1andVMnet2).Youarereadytosetup yourvirtualmachinesforoneofthefollowingconfigurations:
Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualnetworkadapter,andthat virtualadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface(VMnet1). Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualnetworkadapter,andthat virtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonlyinterface(VMnet2). Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithtwovirtualnetworkadapters.Onevirtual adapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface(VMnet1)andtheother virtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonlyinterface(VMnet2).
Configuration 1 Connect to the Default Host-Only Interface 1 2 3 4 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. LaunchVI WebAccessandselectthevirtualmachine. Edittheconfigurationusingthevirtualnetworkeditor. SelectNIC,selectCustom,andselectVMnet1(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or /dev/vmnet1(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifnonetworkadapterisshowninthelistofdevices,clickAdd,andusetheAdd Hardwarewizardtoaddanadapter. Configuration 2 Connect to the Newly Created Host-Only Interface 1 2 3 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. LaunchVI WebAccessandselectthevirtualmachine. Edittheconfigurationusingthevirtualnetworkeditor. SelectNIC,selectCustom,andselectVMnet2(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost) or/dev/vmnet2(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifnonetworkadapterisshowninthelistofdevices,clickAdd,andusetheAdd Hardwarewizardtoaddanadapter.
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Configuration 3 Connect to Two Host-Only Interfaces 1 2 3 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. LaunchVI WebAccessandselectthevirtualmachine. Edittheconfigurationusingthevirtualnetworkeditor. Selectthefirstnetworkadapterinthelistofdevices,selectCustom,andselect VMnet1(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or/dev/vmnet1(onaLinuxhost)from thedropdownlistontheright.Selectthesecondnetworkadapterinthelistof devices,selectCustom,thenselectVMnet2(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or /dev/vmnet2(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifyouneedtoaddoneormorenetworkadapters,clickAdd,andusetheAdd Hardwarewizardtoaddanadapter. Atthispointyoucanpoweronthevirtualmachineandinstallyourguestoperating system.Inconfigurations1and2youseeoneAMDPCNetAdapter.Inconfiguration3 youseetwoAMDPCNetAdapterswithintheguest.Configurethenetworkadapters asyouwouldphysicaladaptersonaphysicalcomputer,givingeachadapteranIP addressontheappropriateVMnetsubnet. OnWindowshosts,youcanopenacommandpromptandrunipconfig /alltosee whatIPaddresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing. OnLinuxhosts,youcanopenaterminalandrunifconfigtoseewhatIPaddresses eachhostonlynetworkisusing.
Routing Between Two Host-Only Networks

Ifyouaresettingupacomplextestnetworkusingvirtualmachines,youmightwantto havetwoindependenthostonlynetworkswitharouterbetweenthem. Therearetwobasicapproaches.Inone,theroutersoftwarerunsonthehostcomputer. Intheother,theroutersoftwarerunsinitsownvirtualmachine.Inbothcases,youneed twohostonlyinterfaces. Theexamplesdescribedhereoutlinethesimplestcase,withonevirtualmachineon eachofthehostonlynetworks.Formorecomplexconfigurations,youcanaddmore virtualmachinesandhostonlynetworksasappropriate.
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Setting Up the First Host-Only Interface

OnWindowshosts,thefirsthostonlynetworkissetupwhenyouinstall VMware Server. OnLinuxhosts,thefirsthostonlynetworkissetupwhenyourunthe vmware-config.plprogramafteryouinstallVMwareServer,providedyouagreeto installhostonlynetworking.Ifyoudidnotagreetousehostonlynetworking,you needtorunthescriptagaintosetuphostonlynetworking. To set up the second host-only interface on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 5 6 FromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms>VMwareServer>Manage VirtualNetworks. ClickHostVirtualAdapters. ClickAddnewadapter. SelectthevirtualnetworkonwhichyouwanttousetheadapterandclickOK. ClickApply. ClickOKtoclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
To set up the second host-only interface on a Linux host 1 Asroot(su -),runtheVMwareServerconfigurationprogram.

vmware-config.pl
ToconfigureVMwareServercorrectly,thevmware-config.plconfiguration programrequiresallvirtualmachinestobeshutdown.Theprogramshutsdown anyrunningvirtualmachinesautomatically. Usethewizardtomodifyyourconfiguration.AfterpromptingtoconfigureaNAT network,theprogramprompts:

Do you want to be able to use host-only networking in your virtual machines?
Typeyes. Thewizarddisplaysthehostonlynetworksthatyouhavealreadysetuponthe hostor,ifnoneispresent,configuresthefirsthostonlynetwork. 2 Thewizardprompts:

Do you wish to configure another host-only network?
Typeyes. Repeatthisstepforeachhostonlynetworkyouwanttoconfigure.Thentypeno.
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Completethewizard.Whenitisfinished,itrestartsallservicesusedby VMware Server. Runifconfig.Youshouldseeatleastfournetworkinterfaceseth0,lo, vmnet1,andvmnet2.IftheVMnetinterfacesdonotshowupimmediately,waitfor aminute,thenrunthecommandagain.Thesefourinterfacesshouldhavedifferent IPaddressonseparatesubnets.
Setting Up the Virtual Machines

Nowyouhavetwohostonlynetworkadaptersonthehostcomputer.Eachis connectedtoitsownvirtualswitch(VMnet1andVMnet2).Youarereadytocreateand configureyourvirtualmachinesandconnectthemtotheappropriatevirtualswitches. Virtual Machine 1 Connected to the Default Host-Only Interface 1 2 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. Edittheconfigurationusingthevirtualnetworkeditor. SelectNIC,selectCustom,andselectVMnet1(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or /dev/vmnet1(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifnonetworkadapterisshowninthelistofdevices,clickAdd,andusetheAdd Hardwarewizardtoaddanadapter. Virtual Machine 2 Connected to the Newly Created Host-Only Interface 1 2 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. Edittheconfigurationusingthevirtualnetworkeditor. SelectNIC,selectCustom,andselectVMnet2(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or /dev/vmnet2(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifnonetworkadapterisshowninthelistofdevices,clickAdd,andusetheAdd Hardwarewizardtoaddanadapter. Ifyouplantoruntheroutersoftwareonyourhostcomputer,youcanskipthenext section.
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Virtual Machine 3 Connected to Both Host-Only Interfaces Ifyouplantoruntheroutersoftwareonavirtualmachine,setupathirdvirtual machineforthatpurpose. 1 2 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. Edittheconfigurationusingthevirtualnetworkeditor. Selectthefirstnetworkadapterinthelistofdevices,selectCustom,andselect VMnet1(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or/dev/vmnet1(onaLinuxhost)from thedropdownlistontheright.Selectthesecondnetworkadapterinthelistof devices,thenselectCustom,selectVMnet2(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or /dev/vmnet2(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifyouneedtoaddoneormorenetworkadapters,clickAdd,andusetheAdd Hardwarewizardtoaddanadapter. Nowyouneedtoconfigurethenetworkingcomponentsonthehostandinthevirtual machines.TherecommendedapproachusesstaticIPaddressesforallthevirtual machines. To configure the host and virtual machine networking components 1 StoptheVMnetDHCPserverservice. Windowshost:Fromthevirtualnetworkeditor,selectDHCPandclickStop service. Linuxhost:Stopthevmnet-dhcpdservice.
killall -TERM vmnet-dhcpd
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Installguestoperatingsystemsineachofthevirtualmachines. Installtheroutersoftwareonthehostcomputerorinthethirdvirtualmachine, dependingontheapproachyouareusing. Configurenetworkinginthefirsttwovirtualmachinestouseaddressesonthe appropriatehostonlynetwork. OnWindowshosts,youcanopenacommandpromptandrunipconfig /allto seewhatIPaddresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing. OnLinuxhosts,youcanopenaterminalandrunifconfigtoseewhatIP addresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing.
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Ifyouarerunningtherouteronthehostcomputer,assigndefaultrouteraddresses basedontheaddressesofthehostonlyadaptersonthehostcomputer.Inthefirst virtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouteraddressshouldbe theIPaddressforthehostonlyadapterconnectedtoVMnet1.Inthesecondvirtual machinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIP addressforthehostonlyadapterconnectedtoVMnet2. Ifyouarerunningtheroutersoftwareonthethirdvirtualmachine,setthedefault routeraddressesinthefirsttwovirtualmachinesbasedonthoseusedbythethird virtualmachine.Inthefirstvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,the defaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressforthethirdvirtualmachines networkadapterconnectedtoVMnet1.Inthesecondvirtualmachinesnetworking configuration,thedefaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressforthethird virtualmachinesnetworkadapterconnectedtoVMnet2.
Atthispointyoushouldbeabletopingtheroutermachinefromvirtualmachinesone andtwo.Andiftheroutersoftwareissetupcorrectly,youshouldbeableto communicatebetweenthefirstandsecondvirtualmachines.
Using Virtual Network Adapters in Promiscuous Mode on a Linux Host

VMwareServerdoesnotallowthevirtualnetworkadaptertogointopromiscuous modeunlesstheuserrunningVMwareServerhaspermissiontomakethatsetting.This followsthestandardLinuxpracticethatonlyrootcanputanetworkinterfaceinto promiscuousmode. WhenyouinstallandconfigureVMwareServer,youmustruntheinstallationasroot. VMwareServercreatestheVMnetdeviceswithrootownershipandrootgroup ownership,whichmeansthatonlyroothasreadandwritepermissionstothedevices. Tosetthevirtualmachinesnetworkadaptertopromiscuousmode,youmustlaunch VMwareServerasrootbecauseyoumusthavereadandwriteaccesstotheVMnet device.Forexample,ifyouareusingbridgednetworking,youmusthaveaccessto /dev/vmnet0. TograntselectedotherusersreadandwriteaccesstotheVMnetdevice,youcancreate anewgroup,addtheappropriateuserstothegroupandgrantthatgroupreadand writeaccesstotheappropriatedevice.Youmustmakethesechangesastherootuser onthehostoperatingsystem.Forexample,youcanenterthefollowingcommands:
chgrp <newgroup> /dev/vmnet0 chmod g+rw /dev/vmnet0
<newgroup>isthegroupthatshouldhavetheabilitytosetvmnet0topromiscuous mode.
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IfyouwantalluserstobeabletosetthevirtualnetworkAdapter(/dev/vmnet0inour example)topromiscuousmode,runthefollowingcommandastherootuseronthe host:

chmod a+rw /dev/vmnet0
Understanding NAT
Networkaddresstranslation,orNAT,providesasimplewayforvirtualmachinesto usemostclientapplicationsoveralmostanytypeofnetworkconnectionavailableto thehost.TheonlyrequirementforNATisthatthenetworkconnectionmustsupport TCP/IP. NATisusefulwhenyouhavealimitedsupplyofIPaddressesorareconnectedtothe networkthroughanonEthernetnetworkadapter.NATworksbytranslatingaddresses ofvirtualmachinesinaprivateVMnetnetworktothatofthehostmachine.Whena virtualmachinesendsarequesttoaccessanetworkresource,itappearstothenetwork resourceasiftherequestcamefromthehostmachine. NATusesthehostsownnetworkresourcestoconnecttotheexternalnetwork.Thus, anyTCP/IPnetworkresourcetowhichthehosthasaccessshouldbeavailablethrough theNATconnection. ThechiefadvantageofNATisthatitprovidesatransparent,easytoconfigurewayfor virtualmachinestogainaccesstonetworkresources. ThefollowingsectionsprovidemoreinformationaboutNAT.
Using NAT
TheNATdeviceisconnectedtotheVMnet8virtualswitch.Virtualmachinesconnected totheNATnetworkalsousetheVMnet8virtualswitch. TheNATdevicewaitsforpacketscomingfromvirtualmachinesontheVMnet8virtual network.Whenapacketarrives,theNATdevicetranslatestheaddressofthevirtual machinetothatofthehostbeforeforwardingthepackettotheexternalnetwork.When dataarrivesfromtheexternalnetworkforthevirtualmachineontheprivatenetwork, theNATdevicereceivesthedata,replacesthenetworkaddresswiththatofthevirtual machineandforwardsthedatatothevirtualmachineonthevirtualnetwork.This translationoccursautomaticallyandrequiresminimalconfigurationontheguestand thehost.
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The Host Computer and the NAT Network

ThehostcomputerhasahostvirtualadapterontheNATnetwork(identicaltothehost virtualadapteronthehostonlynetwork).Thisadapterallowsthehostandthevirtual machinestocommunicatewitheachotherforsuchpurposesasfilesharing.TheNAT neverforwardstrafficfromthehostvirtualadapter.
DHCP on the NAT Network

Tomakenetworkingconfigurationeasy,aDHCPserverisautomaticallyinstalledwhen youinstallVMwareServer.VirtualmachinesrunningonthenetworkwiththeNAT devicecandynamicallyobtaintheirIPaddressesbysendingoutDHCPrequests.The DHCPserverontheNATnetwork,whichisalsousedinhostonlynetworking configurations,dynamicallyallocatesIPaddressesintherangeof<net>.128through <net>.254,where<net>isthenetworknumberassignedtoyourNATnetwork. VMware ServeralwaysusesaClassCaddressforNATnetworks.IPaddresses<net>.3 through<net>.127canbeusedforstaticIPaddresses.IPaddress<net>.1isreservedfor thehostadapterand<net>.2isreservedfortheNATdevice. InadditiontotheIPaddress,theDHCPserverontheNATnetworkalsosendsout additionalconfigurationinformationthatenablesthevirtualmachinetooperate automatically.ThisinformationincludesthedefaultgatewayandtheDNSserver.Inthe DHCPresponse,theNATdeviceinstructsthevirtualmachinetousetheIPaddress <net>.2asthedefaultgatewayandDNSserver.ThiscausesallIPpacketsdestinedfor theexternalnetworkandDNSrequeststobeforwardedtotheNATdevice.
DNS on the NAT Network

TheNATdeviceactsasaDNSserverforthevirtualmachinesontheNATnetwork. Actually,theNATdeviceisaDNSproxyandmerelyforwardsDNSrequestsfromthe virtualmachinestoaDNSserverthatisknownbythehost.Responsescomebacktothe NATdevice,whichthenforwardsthemtothevirtualmachines. IftheygettheirconfigurationinformationfromDHCP,thevirtualmachinesonthe NATnetworkautomaticallyusetheNATdeviceastheDNSserver.However,the virtualmachinescanbestaticallyconfiguredtouseanotherDNSserver. ThevirtualmachinesintheprivateNATnetworkarenot,themselves,accessibleusing DNS.IfyouwantthevirtualmachinesrunningontheNATnetworktoaccesseach otherbyDNSnames,youmustsetupaprivateDNSserverconnectedtotheNAT network.
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External Access from the NAT Network

Ingeneral,anyprotocolusingTCPorUDPcanbeusedautomaticallybyavirtual machineontheNATnetworksolongasthevirtualmachineinitiatesthenetwork connection.ThisistrueformostclientapplicationssuchasWebbrowsing,Telnet, passivemodeFTP,anddownloadingstreamingvideo.Additionalprotocolsupporthas beenbuiltintotheNATdevicetoallowFTPandICMPecho(ping)toworkcompletely transparentlythroughtheNAT. Ontheexternalnetworktowhichthehostisconnected,anyvirtualmachineonthe NATnetworkappearstobethehostitself,becauseitsnetworktrafficusesthehostsIP address.ItisabletosendandreceivedatausingTCP/IPtoanymachinethatis accessiblefromthehost. Beforeanysuchcommunicationcanoccur,theNATdevicemustsetupamapping betweenthevirtualmachinesaddressontheprivateNATnetworkandthehosts networkaddressontheexternalnetwork. Whenavirtualmachineinitiatesanetworkconnectionwithanothernetworkresource, thismappingiscreatedautomatically.Theoperationisperfectlytransparenttotheuser ofthevirtualmachineontheNATnetwork.Noadditionalworkneedstobedonetolet thevirtualmachineaccesstheexternalnetwork. Thesamecannotbesaidfornetworkconnectionsthatareinitiatedfromtheexternal networktoavirtualmachineontheNATnetwork. Whenamachineontheexternalnetworkattemptstoinitiateaconnectionwithavirtual machineontheNATnetwork,itcannotreachthevirtualmachinebecausetheNAT devicedoesnotforwardtherequest.Networkconnectionsthatareinitiatedfrom outsidetheNATnetworkarenottransparent. However,itispossibletoconfigureportforwardingmanuallyontheNATdeviceso networktrafficdestinedforacertainportcanstillbeforwardedautomaticallytoa virtualmachineontheNATnetwork.Fordetails,seeAdvancedNATConfiguration onpage 251. FilesharingofthetypeusedbyWindowsoperatingsystemsandSambaispossible amongcomputersontheNATnetworkincludingvirtualmachinesandthehost computer.IfyouareusingWINSserversonyournetwork,avirtualmachineusing NATnetworkingcanaccesssharedfilesandfoldersonthehostthatareknownbythe WINSserversolongasthosesharedfilesandfoldersareinthesameworkgroupor domain.
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Advanced NAT Configuration

Readthesectionthatcorrespondstoyourhostoperatingsystemforinformationabout configuringNATforyourvirtualmachines.
Windows Hosts
ConfiguretheNATdeviceusingthevirtualnetworkeditor(fromtheWindowsStart menu,selectPrograms>VMwareServer>ManageVirtualNetworks,andclickthe NATtab). Youcanstop,restart,andstartthevirtualNATdevicebyclickingtheappropriate button.TheVMnethostsettingletsyouselectwhichvirtualnetworkusestheNAT device.YoucanselectDisableifyoudonotwanttouseNATonanyvirtualnetwork. ToeditNATsettingsforavirtualnetwork,selectitfromthedropdownmenu,then clickEdit.TheNATSettingsdialogboxappears. YoucanchangeanyofthefollowingNATsettings:
PortforwardingletsyousendincomingTCPorUDPrequeststoaspecificvirtual machineonthevirtualnetworkservedbytheNATdevice.Tosetupandconfigure forwardedports,clickPortforwarding.Adialogboxappears. ToaddanewportforeitherTCPorUDP,clickAdd.Ifaportisalreadylisted,you canchangeitssettings.Selectitsnameinthelist,andclickProperties.Orclick Removetoremovetheselectedport. WhenyouclickAdd,anotherdialogboxappears.IntheHostportfield,typethe numberoftheincomingTCPorUDPport.Forexample,incomingHTTPrequests areusuallyonport80.InthefirstForwardingIPaddressfield,typetheIPaddress ofthevirtualmachinetowhichyouwanttoforwardtheincomingrequests.Inthe secondfieldonthatline,typetheportnumberyouwanttouseforthoserequests onthatvirtualmachine.Youcanenterthestandardport,suchas80forHTTP,ora nonstandardportifsoftwarerunninginthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtoaccept requestsonanonstandardport.TheDescriptionfieldisoptional.Youmightuse ittoidentifytheservicebeingforwarded(forexample,HTTP).Whenyouhave madethesesettings,clickOK.
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YoucanspecifyDNSserverstobeusedbythevirtualNATdevice.Todoso,click DNS.Adialogboxappears.YoucanchangethePolicyforusingmultipleDNS serversifyouprefertouseRotateorBurstinsteadofthedefaultsettingofOrder. ToaddaDNSservertothelist,clickAdd.Anotherdialogboxappears.Enterthe DNSserversIPaddressintheIPaddressfield.TheDescriptionfieldisoptional. Whenyouhavemadethedesiredsettings,clickOK.Tochangethesettingsfora serveralreadyinthelist,selectitsentryintheDNSdialogbox,andclick Properties.Todeleteanentry,selecttheentry,andclickRemove.Whenyouhave madethedesiredchanges,clickOK. YoucanchangetheIPaddressfortheNATdeviceintheGatewayIPaddressfield. TochangetheNetmask,clickthebuttonontheHostVirtualNetworkMapping tabofthevirtualnetworkeditorandselectSubnet. ToallowonlypassivemodeFTPovertheNATdevice,deselecttheActiveFTP checkbox. YoucanchangethenumberofminutestokeeptheUDPmappingfortheNATin theUDPtimeoutfield. IfyouchangetheOUI(OrganizationallyUniqueIdentifier)portionoftheMAC addressforthevirtualmachineandsubsequentlycannotuseNATwiththevirtual machine,youshouldchecktheAllowAnyOUIcheckbox. IntheConfigportfield,youcanspecifyaportthatcanbeusedtoaccessstatus informationabouttheNAT.Thisoptionisusedfortroubleshootingpurposeswith VMwaretechnicalsupportonly. YoucanchangeNetBIOStimeoutandretrysettings.
Whenyouhavemadeallthenetworkingchangesyouwant,clickOK.
Linux Hosts
UsetheNATconfigurationfileonthehosttoconfiguretheNATdevice.Thisfileis /etc/vmware/vmnet8/nat/nat.conf. Theconfigurationfileisdividedintosections.EachsectionconfiguresapartoftheNAT device.Textsurroundedbysquarebracketssuchas[host]marksthebeginning ofasection.Ineachsectionisaconfigurationparameterthatcanbeset.The configurationparameterstaketheformip = 192.168.27.1/24. ForanexampleofaNATconfigurationfile,seeSampleLinuxvmnetnat.confFileon page 257.Theconfigurationfilevariablesaredescribedbelow.
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The [host] Section

ip TheIPaddressthattheNATdeviceshoulduse.Itcanoptionallybefollowedbyaslash andthenumberofbitsinthesubnet. netmask ThesubnetmasktousefortheNAT.DHCPaddressesareallocatedfromthisrangeof addresses. configport AportthatcanbeusedtoaccessstatusinformationabouttheNAT. device TheVMnetdevicetouse.Linuxdevicesareoftheformat/dev/vmnet<x>.VMnet8is thedefaultNATdevice. activeFTP AflagthatindicatesifactiveFTPistobeallowed.ActiveFTPallowsincoming connectionstobeopenedbytheremoteFTPserver.Turningthisoffmeansthatonly passivemodeFTPworks.Settheflagto0toturnactiveFTPoff.
The [udp] Section

timeout ThenumberofminutestokeeptheUDPmappingfortheNAT.
The [incomingtcp] Section

UsethissectiontoconfigureTCPportforwardingforNAT.Youcanassignaport numbertoanIPaddressandportnumberonavirtualmachine. Thefollowinglineshowstheformatusedinthissection.
8887 = 192.168.27.128:21
Thisexamplecreatesamappingfromport8887onthehosttotheIPaddress 192.168.27.128andport21.Whenthismappingissetandanexternalmachineconnects tothehostatport8887,thenetworkpacketsareautomaticallyforwardedtoport21(the standardportforFTP)onthevirtualmachinewithIPaddress192.168.27.128.
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The [incomingudp] Section

UsethissectiontoconfigureUDPportforwardingforNAT.Youcanassignaport numbertoanIPaddressandportnumberonavirtualmachine. Thefollowinglineshowstheformatusedinthissection.Itillustratesawaytoforward Xservertrafficfromthehostport6000tothevirtualmachinesport6001.
6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
Thisexamplecreatesamappingfromport6000onthehosttotheIPaddress 192.168.27.128andport6001.Whenthismappingissetandanexternalmachine connectstothehostatport6000,thenetworkpacketsareautomaticallyforwardedto port6001onthevirtualmachinewithIPaddress192.168.27.128.
Custom NAT and DHCP Configuration on a Windows Host

IfyouareanadvanceduseronaWindowshostcomputer,youcanmakecustom configurationsettingsbyeditingtheNATandDHCPconfigurationfiles.Ifyourhost operatingsystemisinstalledontheCdrive,theconfigurationfilesforNATandDHCP areinthefollowinglocations:
NAT:C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetnat.conf DHCP:C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetdhcp.conf
NOTEYoucanchangemanykeyNATandDCHPsettingsusingthevirtualnetwork editor(fromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms>VMwareServer>Manage VirtualNetworks).However,ifyouhavemademanualchangestotheconfiguration files,someorallofthosechangesmightbelostwhenyouusethevirtualnetworkeditor. Ifyouhavemademanualchanges,makebackupcopiesofthefilesbeforechangingany settingsinthevirtualnetworkeditor.Aftermakingchangesinthevirtualnetwork editor,youcancopyyourmanualchangesbackintotheappropriateconfigurationfiles.
Specifying Connections from Ports Below 1024

WhenaclientmachinemakesaTCPorUDPconnectiontoaserver,theconnection comesfromaparticularportontheclient(thesourceport)andconnectstoaparticular portontheserver(thedestinationport).Forsecurityreasons,someserversaccept connectionsonlyfromsourceportsbelow1024. IfavirtualmachineusingNATattemptstoconnecttoaserverthatrequirestheclient touseasourceportbelow1024,itisimportantthattheNATdeviceforwardtherequest fromaportbelow1024.Youcanspecifythisbehaviorinthevmnetnat.conffile.
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Thisbehavioriscontrolledbyentriesinsectionsheaded[privilegedUDP]and [privilegedTCP].Youmighthavetoaddsettingstoormodifysettingsineitheror bothofthesesections,dependingonthekindofconnectionyouneedtomake. Youcansettwoparameters,eachofwhichappearsonaseparateline. autodetect = <n> TheautodetectsettingdetermineswhethertheVMwareNATdeviceautomatically attemptstomapvirtualmachinesourceportsbelow1024toNATsourceportsbelow 1024.Asettingof1meanstrue.Asettingof0meansfalse.OnaWindowshost,the defaultis1(true).OnaLinuxhost,thedefaultis0(false). port = <n> Theportsettingspecifiesadestinationport(<n>istheportontheserverthataccepts theconnectionfromtheclient).Wheneveravirtualmachineconnectstothespecified portonanyserver,theNATdeviceattemptstomaketheconnectionfromasourceport below1024.Youcanincludeoneormoreportsettingsinthe[privilegedUDP]or [privilegedTCP]sectionorinbothsections,asrequiredfortheconnectionsyouneed tomake.Eachportsettingmustbeenteredonaseparateline.
Considerations for Using NAT

BecauseNATrequiresthateverypacketsentandreceivedfromvirtualmachinesbein theNATnetwork,thereisanunavoidableperformancepenalty.Ourtestingshowsthat thepenaltyisminorfordialupandDSLconnections,andperformanceisadequatefor mostVMwareServeruses. NATisnotperfectlytransparent.Itdoesnotnormallyallowconnectionstobeinitiated fromoutsidethenetwork,althoughyoucansetupserverconnectionsbymanually configuringtheNATdevice.ThepracticalresultisthatsomeTCPandUDPprotocols thatrequireaconnectionbeinitiatedfromtheservermachinesomepeertopeer applications,forexampledonotworkautomatically,andsomemightnotworkatall. AstandardNATconfigurationprovidesbasiclevelfirewallprotectionbecausethe NATdevicecaninitiateconnectionsfromtheprivateNATnetwork,butdevicesonthe externalnetworkcannotnormallyinitiateconnectionstotheprivateNATnetwork.
Using NAT with NetLogon

WhenusingNATnetworkinginavirtualmachinewithaWindowsguestoperating systemrunningonaWindowshost,youcanuseNetLogontologontoaWindows domainfromthevirtualmachine.YoucanthenaccessfilesharesknownbytheWINS serverinthedomain.
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TouseNetLogon,youneedtoknowhowWINSserversandWindowsdomain controllerswork.Thissectionexplainshowtosetupthevirtualmachinetouse NetLogon.Thesetupprocessissimilartothewayyousetupaphysicalcomputeron oneLANthatisusingadomaincontrolleronanotherLAN. TologontoaWindowsdomainoutsidethevirtualNATnetwork,thevirtualmachine needsaccesstoaWINSserverforthatdomain.Therearetwowaysyoucanconnectthe virtualmachinetoaWINSserver.YoucanconnecttotheWINSserverprovidedbythe DHCPserverusedontheNATnetwork,providedthattheWINSserverisalreadyset uponthehost.IfyouwanttoconnectfromthevirtualmachinetoaWINSservernot setuponthehost,youcanmanuallyentertheIPaddressoftheWINSserver.
Using NAT to Connect to an Existing WINS Server Already Set Up on the Host
Tousethismethod,aWINSserverinthesameworkgroupordomainmustbesetup onthehost.ThesestepsuseWindows2000,WindowsXP,orWindowsServer2003asa guide.TheprocessissimilarforWindowsNT,WindowsMe,andWindows9xguests. To use NAT to connect to an existing WINS Server 1 2 3 4 5 6 Inthevirtualmachine,rightclickonMyNetworkPlacesandselectProperties. IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand selectProperties. InthePropertiesdialogbox,selectInternetProtocol(TCP/IP),andclick Properties. IntheTCP/IPPropertiesdialogbox,clickAdvanced. ClicktheWINStab,thenunderNetBIOSsetting,selectUseNetBIOSsetting fromDHCPServer. ClickOKtwice,andclickClose.
Manually Entering the IP Address of a WINS Server

UsethismethodtoconnecttoaWINSserverinthesameworkgroupordomainthatis notalreadysetuponthehost. To manually enter the IP address of a WINS server 1 2 Inthevirtualmachine,rightclickonMyNetworkPlacesandselectProperties. IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand selectProperties.
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3 4 5 6
InthePropertiesdialogbox,selectInternetProtocol(TCP/IP),andclick Properties. IntheTCP/IPPropertiesdialogbox,clickAdvanced. ClicktheWINStab,andclickAdd. IntheTCP/IPWINSServerdialogbox,entertheIPaddressfortheWINSserverin theWINSserverfield,andclickOK.TheIPaddressoftheWINSserverappears intheWINSaddresseslistontheWINStab. Repeatsteps5and6foreachWINSservertowhichyouwanttoconnectfromthis virtualmachine.
ClickOKtwice,andclickClose.
NowthatthevirtualmachinehasanIPaddressforaWINSserver,youuseNetLogon inthevirtualmachinetologontoadomainandaccesssharesinthatdomain. Forexample,iftheWINSservercoversadomainwithadomaincontroller,itispossible toaccessthatdomaincontrollerfromthevirtualmachineandaddthevirtualmachine tothedomain.YouneedtoknowtheuserIDandpasswordoftheAdministratoronthe domaincontroller. NOTEYouraccessislimitedtosharesofvirtualmachinesthatareonthesameNAT networkorarebridgedonthesamedomain.
Sample Linux vmnetnat.conf File

ThefollowingisasampleLinuxvmnetnat.conffile.
# Linux NAT configuration file [host] # NAT gateway address ip = 192.168.237.2/24 hostMAC = 00:50:56:C0:00:08 # enable configuration; disabled by default for security reasons #configport = 33445 # VMnet device if not specified on command line device = VMnet8 # Allow PORT/EPRT FTP commands (they need incoming TCP stream...) activeFTP = 1 # Allows the source to have any OUI. Enable this if you change the OUI # in the MAC address of your virtual machines.
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#allowAnyOUI = 1 [udp] # Timeout in seconds, 0 = no timeout, default = 60; real value might # be up to 100% longer timeout = 30 [incomingtcp] # Use these with care - anyone can enter into your virtual machine through # these... # FTP (both active and passive FTP is always enabled) # ftp localhost 8887 #8887 = 192.168.27.128:21 # WEB (make sure that if you are using named webhosting, names point to # your host, not to guest... And if you are forwarding port other # than 80 make sure that your server copes with mismatched port # number in Host: header) # lynx http://localhost:8888 #8888 = 192.168.27.128:80 # SSH # ssh -p 8889 root@localhost #8889 = 192.168.27.128:22 [incomingudp] # UDP port forwarding example #6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
Using Samba for File Sharing on a Linux Host

OnaLinuxhostcomputer,VMwareServercanautomaticallyinstallandconfigurea SambaservertoactasafileserverforMicrosoftWindowsguestoperatingsystems. YoucanthenuseWindowsExplorerinthevirtualmachinetomoveandcopyfiles betweenvirtualmachineandhostorbetweenvirtualmachinesonthesamenetwork justasyouwouldwithfilesonphysicalcomputersthatshareanetworkconnection. ThelightlymodifiedSambaserverinstalledbyVMwareServerrunsoverthe VMware ServervirtualEthernet,andtheSambatrafficbetweendifferentoperating systemsisisolatedfromactuallocalareanetworks. Thesourcecodedifferencesforthechanges(indiffformatandbasedonSamba2.0.6) areavailablefromVMware.Formoreinformation,see www.vmware.com/download/open_sources.html.
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IfyoualreadyhaveSambaconfiguredonyourLinuxhost,therecommendedapproach istomodifythatconfigurationsoitincludestheIPsubnetusedbytheVMwareServer virtualnetworkadapter,VMnet1. YoucanconfigureyourexistingSambaservertoworkwithahostonlynetwork.Allthe sharesyousetupinSambaandintheguestoperatingsystemnormallyappearonthe bridgednetworkaswell. Ifyouneedtobesurethesharessetupintheguestoperatingsystemareseenonlyon thehostonlynetwork,youmightfinditeasiesttoinstallandusetheSambaserver providedwithVMwareServer. Ifyoudonotneedanysharestoappearonyourbridgednetwork,youcanuseyour existingSambaserverandsetuptheconfigurationfilesoitworksonlyonthehostonly network. Sambaconfigurationscanbequitecomplex.Thissectionprovidesseveralsample configurationfiles.Ifyouneedtogobeyondtheissuescoveredhere,seethemanpage forthesmb.conffile.Toviewthismanpage,typeoneofthefollowingcommandsina terminalwindow:
man smb.conf
or
man 5 smb.conf
Payparticularattentiontothesectiononencryptedpasswords.Ifyouhaveenabled cleartextpasswordsintheguestoperatingsystem,makesurethatsmb.confissetup tousecleartextpasswords.Similarly,ifyouareusingencryptedpasswords,youmust havethesamesettingintheguestoperatingsystemandinsmb.conf. NOTEUsingSambaprintersharingwithvirtualmachinesisnotsupported.Consult themanpagesforguidanceonconfiguringSambaforprinting.
Sample smb.conf for Host-Only Networking

ThefollowingsampleSambaconfigurationfileisforusewithhostonlynetworking. Thisconfigurationisforthe2.0.6versionofSambainstalledbyVMwareServer.The configurationfilesareplacedin/etc/vmware/vmnet1/smbbydefault.
# # # # # # # #
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This is the VMware(TM) Samba configuration file. Read the smb.conf(5) manual page to understand the options listed here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which are not shown in this example Any line that starts with a ; (semicolon) or a # (hash) is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a # for commentary and a ; for parts of the config file that you
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# # # # # # # # # # #
might wish to enable
Configuration file for Samba 2.0.6 vmware-[sn]mbd operating on vmnet1. This file was generated by the VMware configuration program and modified for this document. If you modify it, it will be backed up the next time you run the configuration program.
# Global settings [global] # This should be polled at install time from the private subnet created by # vmware-config.pl socket address = 192.168.183.1 interfaces = vmnet1 bind interfaces only = yes workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = HOSTNAME server string = VMware host-only security = user encrypt passwords = yes # Note: Printers not loaded in this example. Resource definitions commented # below. ; load printers = yes socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 # VMware extension to use a different shared memory access key on each # Samba server running on this host sysv shm key = /dev/vmnet1 ; ; ; ; log log max max file = /etc/vmware/vmnet1/smb/var/log.smb level = 1 log size in KB log size = 50
lock directory = /etc/vmware/vmnet1/smb/var/locks smb passwd file = /etc/vmware/vmnet1/smb/private/smbpasswd codepage dir = /usr/lib/vmware/smb/codepages dns proxy = no
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# Shared resources # Home directories [homes] comment = Home directories browseable = no writable = yes # Printers ;[printers] ; comment = All printers ; path = /var/lpd ; browseable = no ; guest ok = no ; writable = no ; printable = yes ;[HostFS] ; comment = VMware host filesystem ; path = / ; public = no ; writeable = yes ; printable = no
Sample smb.conf for Bridged Networking

ThefollowingsampleSambaconfigurationfileisforusewithbridgednetworking.This configurationfileisbasedonthe2.0.7versionofSambaandassumesthatyouareusing yourexistingSambaserver,asprovidedwithyourhostcomputersLinuxdistribution. Theconfigurationfileisplacedin/etcbydefault.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # This is the main Samba configuration file. Read the smb.conf(5) manual page to understand the options listed here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which are not shown in this example Any line that starts with a ; (semicolon) or a # (hash) is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a # for commentary and a ; for parts of the config file that you might wish to enable NOTE: Whenever you modify this file run the command "testparm" to check that you have not many any basic syntactic errors.
# Global Settings [global]
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interfaces = eth0 workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = HOSTNAME server string = Samba Host Box # # ; ; ; Note: Printers not loaded in this example. Resource definitions commented below. printcap name = lpstat load printers = yes printing = cups
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 50 security = user encrypt passwords = yes smb passwd file = /etc/smbpasswd dns proxy = no preserve case = yes short preserve case = yes default case = lower ; case sensitive = no # Shared Resources [homes] comment = Home Directories browseable = yes writable = yes ;[printers] ; comment = All Printers ; path = /var/spool/samba ; browseable = yes ; guest ok = yes ; writable = no ; printable = yes ; create mode = 0700 ; print command = lpr-cups -P %p -o raw %s -r # using client side ; printer drivers. ; print command = lpr-cups -P %p %s # using cups own drivers (use ; generic PostScript on clients). ; lpq command = lpstat -o %p ; lprm command = cancel %p-%j
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;[system] ; comment = System share ; path = / ; valid users = username ; public = no ; browsable = yes ; writable = yes ; printable = no
Adding User Names and Passwords to the VMware Server Samba Password File
YoumustbesuretheSambapasswordfileincludesentriesforallusersofthevirtual machinewhowillaccessthehostsfilesystem.Theusernamesandpasswordsinthe Sambapasswordfilemustbethesameasthoseusedforloggingontotheguest operatingsystem. YoucanaddusernamesandpasswordstotheVMwareServerSambapasswordfileat anytimefromaterminalwindowonyourLinuxhostcomputer. To add user names and passwords to the VMware Server Samba password file 1 Astherootuser,runtheVMwareServerSambapasswordcommand.
vmware-smbpasswd vmnet1 -a <username>
<username>istheusernameyouwanttoadd.Followtheonscreeninstructions. NOTEvmware-smbpasswdisbasedonthestandardSambapasswordprogram.If youarefamiliarwiththeoptionsusedinsmbpasswd,youcanuseanyofthemin vmware-smbpasswd. 2 Logoutasroot.

exit
Ifthefollowingmessageisdisplayed:
Unknown virtual interface "vmnet1"
ThisindicatesyourmachineisnotusingtheVMwareServerSambaserver. IfyourinstallationofVMwareServerdoesnotincludetheVMwareServerSamba serverandyouwanttosetitup,logonastherootuseronthehost,andrun vmware-config.plfromaterminalonthehost. ToconfigureVMwareServercorrectly,thevmware-config.plconfigurationprogram requiresallvirtualmachinestobeshutdown.Theprogramshutsdownanyrunning virtualmachinesautomatically.
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Whentheconfigurationprogramprompts:
Do you want this script to automatically configure your system to allow your virtual machines to access the host file system?
Typeyes.
If You Are Already Running Samba

IfyoualreadyhaveSambarunningonyourLinuxhost,donotinstallthe VMware ServerSambaserverwhenyouareinstallingVMwareServeronyourhost. Whentheconfigurationprogramprompts:
Do you want this script to automatically configure your system to allow your virtual machines to access the host file system?
Typeno. BesuretomodifyyourSambaconfigurationsoitincludestheIPsubnetusedbythe VMwareServervirtualnetworkadapter,VMnet1. To determine what subnet is being used by VMnet1, enter
/sbin/ifconfig vmnet1
YoumustbesuretheSambapasswordfileincludesentriesforallusersofthevirtual machinewhowillaccessthehostsfilesystem.Theusernamesandpasswordsinthe Sambapasswordfilemustbethesameasthoseusedforloggingontotheguest operatingsystem. YoucanaddusernamesandpasswordstotheSambapasswordfileatanytimefroma terminalwindowonyourLinuxhostcomputer. To add user names and passwords to the Samba password file from a Linux host 1 Logontotherootaccount.
su -
RuntheSambapasswordcommand.
smbpasswd -a <username>
<username>istheusernameyouwanttoadd.Followtheonscreeninstructions. 3 Logoutoftherootaccount.
exit
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Using a Samba Server for Both Bridged and Host-Only Networks

YoucanusetheSambaserverofyourchoiceeithertheexistingSambaserverfrom yourhostoperatingsystemsdistributionortheoneprovidedwithVMwareServer forbothhostonlyandbridgednetworking.Todoso,youmustmodifyoneparameter inthesmb.conffile.YoucandefinetheinterfaceparametersoyourSambaserver servesmultipleinterfaces.Forexample:
interface = eth0 vmnet1
ThisexampletellstheSambaserverthatitistolistentoanduseboththeeth0and vmnet1interfacestheinterfacesusedbybridgedandhostonlynetworking, respectively.
Using VMware Servers Samba with an Existing Installation

YoucanalsorunbothyourexistingSambaserverandtheVMwareServerSambaserver atthesametime.Todothis,yourcurrentSambaservermustbeversion2.0.6orhigher andmustbeconfiguredcorrectly.However,thisapproachisnotrecommended. To determine the version of your Samba server, enter
smbd -V
IfyouwanttotryrunningbothSambaserversatthesametime,usethissample smb.conffileasabasisforconfiguringtheregularSambaserveronyourhost computer.
Sample smb.conf for Running Two Samba Servers at the Same Time
; This file is the recommended smb.conf file for your ; normal Samba server if you want to run it concurrently ; (which we don't advise) with the VMware Samba server. ; ; Your normal samba server should be at least v 2.0.6 ; ; You will need to insert specific information ; for your system at several points indicated in the file ; by <text in angle brackets>. ; ; -------------; ; Larmor samba server configuration ; ; Global settings [global] ; ; Identity ;
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; Allow several Samba servers on the same machine interfaces = <your real subnet>/<your real netmask> bind interfaces only = yes ; Workgroup the host belongs to workgroup = VMware ; SMB name of the host (the hostname by default) netbios name = <your Windows name> ; Description of the host server string = Linux running Samba 2.0.6 ; ; Access ; ; Allow connections from ; hosts allow = <your real subnet>/<your real netmask> ; Authentication scheme security = user encrypt passwords = yes ; ; Options ; ; Automatically load the printer list (from /etc/printcap ; by default) load printers = yes ; Gives better performance socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 ; ; Files and directories ; ; Max log size in KB max log size = 1024 ; Locks lock directory = /var/samba ; SMB passwords smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd ; ; Name browsing ; ; Allow the host to participate in master browser ; elections local master = yes ; Force a local browser election upon startup ; We need that otherwise it takes a long time before the ; windows network is browsable preferred master = yes ; Do not try to resolve SMB names using DNS dns proxy = no ; Shared resources ;
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; Home directories [homes] comment = Home directories browseable = no writable = yes ; Printers ;[printers] ; comment = All printers ; path = /var/lpd ; browseable = no ; guest ok = no ; writable = no ; printable = yes [Slash] comment = Whole filesystem path = / public = no writeable = yes printable = no
Using the Virtual Network Editor

UsingtheVirtualNetworkEditor,youcanviewandchangemanykeysettingsfor networkinginyourvirtualmachinesandcreatecustomvirtualnetworking configurations.Thesechangesaffectallvirtualmachinesonthehostcomputer. Althoughanyusercanviewnetworksettings,onlyAdministratoruserscanchange them.
Summary Tab
TheSummarytabdisplaysalistofthevirtualnetworkscurrentlyactiveonthehost. Bydefault,theVMnet0virtualnetworkissetupinbridgedmodeandbridgestoan activenetworkadapteronthehostcomputer.Iftherearemultipleactivenetwork adaptersonthehost,thechoiceofwhichadapteritusesisarbitrary.Torestrictthe rangeofchoices,clicktheAutomaticBridgingtabandspecifyanyadaptersyouwant toexclude.Formoreinformation,seeAutomaticBridgingTabonpage 268. ClicktheHostVirtualNetworkMappingtabtospecifythenetworkadapterusedfor VMnet0andforanyothervirtualnetworksyouwanttouseforbridgednetworking. Controlsonthispanelalsoallowyoutospecifythesubnettobeusedbyanyvirtual network.Formoreinformation,seeHostVirtualNetworkMappingTabonpage 268. ClicktheHostVirtualAdapterstabtospecifywhichvirtualnetworkshavehostvirtual adaptersvirtualnetworkadaptersthatallowthehostcomputertoconnecttothe network.Formoreinformation,seeHostVirtualAdaptersTabonpage 269.
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ClicktheDHCPtabtospecifywhichvirtualnetworksusethevirtualDHCPserveror toconfigureDHCPsettingsforanyofthosenetworks.Formoreinformation,see DHCPTabonpage 269. ClicktheNATtabtoconfiguresettingsforthevirtualnetworkaddresstranslation (NAT)device.Formoreinformation,seeNATTabonpage 270.
Automatic Bridging Tab

Bydefault,VMwareServerautomaticallybridgesVMnet0tothefirstavailablephysical networkadapteronthehost. Todisableautomaticbridging,clearthecheckboxcalledAutomaticallychoosean availablephysicalnetworkadaptertobridgetoVMnet0.Afteryoudeselectthis option,youcanseewhichphysicaladapterisbridgedtoVMnet0ontheSummarytab andontheHostVirtualNetworkMappingtab. TopreventaspecificadapterfromautomaticallybridgingtoVMnet0,leavethecheck boxselected,andintheExcludedadapterssection,clickAddtospecifywhichphysical networkadapteryouwanttopreventfrombeingbridgedtoVMnet0. SeealsoHostVirtualNetworkMappingTabonpage 268.
Host Virtual Network Mapping Tab

Fromthistab,youcan:

Addnewvirtualnetworkadapters(switches). Designatephysicalnetworkadapterstobeusedforbridgednetworking. Removeanadapter. Changesubnetandnetmasksettingsforavirtualadapter(seeChangingSubnet andNetmaskSettingsonpage 269). ChangeDHCPsettings(seeChangingDHCPSettingsonpage 269).
Becarefulwhenyouchangethebridgedadaptermappings.Ifyoureassignaphysical networkadaptertoadifferentvirtualnetwork,anyvirtualmachinethatusedthe originalnetworkisnolongerbridgedtotheexternalnetworkviathatvirtualnetwork. Youmustthenchangethesettingforeachaffectedvirtualmachinesnetworkadapter individually. Thiscanbeespeciallytroublesomeifyourhosthasonlyonephysicalnetworkadapter andyoureassignittoaVMnetotherthanVMnet0.EventhoughtheVMnetstillappears tobridgetoanautomaticallychosenadapter,theonlyadapteritcanusehasbeen assignedtoadifferentVMnet.

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Changing Subnet and Netmask Settings

Tovieworchangethesubnetsettingsforavirtualnetwork,clickthe>buttonforthat virtualnetwork.Acontextmenuappears,fromwhichyoucanselectSubnet.Makeany changesyouwish,andclickOK.
Changing DHCP Settings

TovieworchangeDHCPsettingsforavirtualnetwork,clickthe>buttonforthat virtualnetwork.Acontextmenuappears,fromwhichyoucanselectDHCP.Makeany changesyouwish,andclickOK. YoucanchangeDHCPsettingsonlyifthevirtualnetworkadapterisbridged.For example,ifthesettingforVMnet3isNotbridged,thecontextmenudisplaysonly Subnet,andthereisnooptionforchangingDHCPsettings. SeealsoDHCPTabonpage 269.
Host Virtual Adapters Tab

Thelistonthispanelshowswhichvirtualnetworkshavehostvirtualadapters virtualnetworkadaptersthatallowthehostcomputertoconnecttothenetwork. Ifyouinstalltheproperroutingorproxysoftwareonyourhostcomputer,youcan establishaconnectionbetweenthehostvirtualnetworkadapterandaphysical networkadapteronthehostcomputer.Thisallowsyou,forexample,toconnectthe virtualmachinetoaTokenRingorothernonEthernetnetwork. Usethistabtoenable,disable,add,andremoveahostvirtualadapter.Youcanenable anddisableadapterswhileavirtualmachineisrunning. Thepresenceofvirtualnetworkadaptershasaslightperformancecost,because broadcastpacketsmustgototheextraadapters.OnWindowsnetworks,browsingyour networkmightbeslowerthanusual.Andinsomecases,theseadaptersinteractwith thehostcomputersnetworkingconfigurationinundesirableways.Ifyouarenotusing avirtualnetworkadapter,youcanremoveordisableit.
DHCP Tab
YouneedtoconfigurethevirtualDHCPserverifyouwanttoassignIPaddressesto eachvirtualmachineandthehostontheprivatenetwork(thatis,ifyouwanttouse hostonlyorNATnetworking).UsingDHCPtoassignIPaddressesissimplerandmore automaticthanstaticallyassigningthem.
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Toaddanewvirtualnetworktothelist,clickAdd.Inthedialogboxthatappears,select thenetworkyouwanttoaddfromthedropdownlist,andclickOK.(Atthispoint,you cannotchangeanyoftheothersettingsintheDHCPSettingsdialogbox.)OntheDHCP tab,clickApplytoactivatethenewnetwork.Youcannowselectthenewlyadded networkandchangethesettings,asfollows. TochangeDHCPsettingsforavirtualnetwork,selectitinthelist,andclickProperties. IntheDHCPSettingsdialogboxthatappears,youcanchangetherangeofIPaddresses providedbytheVMwareServerDHCPserveronaparticularvirtualnetwork.Youcan alsochangethedurationofDHCPleasesprovidedtoclientsonthevirtualnetwork.(If youwanttochangethesubnetsettings,youneedtousetheHostVirtualnetwork Mappingtab.) YoucancompletelystoptheDHCPserviceforallvirtualnetworksbyclickingStop, andthenclickingApply.Iftheserviceisstopped,youcanstartitbyclickingStartand thenApply. (YoucanalsomodifyDHCPsettingsbychoosingEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings> HostVirtualNetworkMapping,selectingaspecificbridgedadapter,thenclickingthe >buttonforthatvirtualnetwork.)
NAT Tab
OptionsontheNATtabletyoudeterminewhichvirtualnetworkisusingthevirtual NATdevice,stopandstarttheNATservice,andconfigureavarietyofsettingsforthe NATdevice. Youcanstop,restart,andstartthevirtualNATdevicebyclickingtheappropriate button.TheVMnethostsettingletsyouselectwhichvirtualnetworkusestheNAT device.YoucanselectDisableifyoudonotwanttouseNATonanyvirtualnetwork. YoucanchangeanyofthefollowingNATsettingswhenyouclickEdit:
GatewayIPaddressUsethisfieldtochangetheIPaddressfortheNATdevice. Ifyouneedtochangethenetmask,clickthe<buttonontheHostVirtualNetwork MappingtaboftheVirtualNetworkEditorandselectSubnet. UDPtimeoutUsethisfieldtochangethenumberofminutestokeeptheUDP mappingfortheNA. ConfigportfieldUsethisfieldfortroubleshootingpurposeswithVMware technicalsupportonly.Youwillbedirectedtospecifyaportthatcanbeusedto accessstatusinformationabouttheNAT.
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PortforwardingPortforwardingletsyousendincomingTCPorUDPrequests toaspecificvirtualmachineonthevirtualnetworkservedbytheNATdevice.To setupandconfigureforwardedports,clickPortForwarding,andcompletethe dialogboxthatappears,asfollows:

ToaddanewportforeitherTCPorUDP,clickAddintheappropriatesection, andcompletethedialogboxthatappears,asfollows:
HostportSpecifythenumberoftheincomingTCPorUDPport.For example,incomingHTTPrequestsareusuallyonport80. VirtualMachineIPaddressfieldSpecifytheIPaddressofthevirtual machinetowhichyouwanttoforwardtheincomingrequests. PortfieldonthatlineSpecifytheportnumberyouwanttousefor thoserequestsonthatvirtualmachine.Thismaybethestandardport, suchas80forHTTP,oranonstandardportifsoftwarerunninginthe virtualmachineisconfiguredtoacceptrequestsonanonstandardport. Description(optional)SpecifyYoumightusethisfieldtoidentifythe servicebeingforwarded,forexample,HTTP.
Tochangesettingsforaportalreadylisted,selectitsnameinthelist,andclick Properties.
DNSThisbuttonletsyouspecifyserverstobeusedbythevirtualNATdevice. Youcanchangethefollowingsettings:
PolicyIfyouusemultipleDNSservers,specifythestrategytousefor choosingwhichservertosendarequestto:

OrderSendoneDNSrequestatatimeinorderofthenameservers. RotateSendoneDNSrequestatatimeandrotatethroughtheDNS servers. BurstSendtothreeserversandwaitforthefirstonetorespond.

AutodetectSelectthischeckboxtohaveVMwareServerautomatically detectavailableDNSservers. TimeoutSpecifythenumberofminutestokeeptrying,iftheNATisunable toconnecttotheDNSserver. RetriesSpecifythenumberoftimestheNATshouldtrytoconnecttothe DNSserver.
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ToaddaDNSservertothelist,clickAddandentertheDNSserversIP addressintheIPaddressfield.TheDescriptionfieldisoptional. Tochangesettingsforaserveralreadylisted,selectitsnameinthelist,and clickProperties.
ActiveFTPClearthischeckboxifyouwanttoallowonlypassivemodeFTP overtheNATdevice. AllowanyOUIIfyouchangetheOUI(organizationallyuniqueidentifier) portionoftheMACaddressforthevirtualmachineandsubsequentlycannotuse NATwiththevirtualmachine,youshouldselectthischeckbox. NetBIOSsectionUsethissectiontospecifyNBNS(NetBIOSNameService)and (NetBIOSDatagramService)timeoutsandretrysettings.
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Performance Tuning for VMware Server
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ThischapterdescribeshowtooptimizeVMwareServerperformancebyconfiguring andmaintainingVMwareServerhostsystems,hostwideVMwareServersettings,and virtualmachines.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

ConfiguringandMaintainingtheHostSystemonpage 273 AllocatingMemorytoaVirtualMachineonpage 277 EditingVirtualMachineMemoryonpage 277 EditingVirtualProcessorsonpage 279 UsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 278 ConfiguringandMaintainingGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 279
Configuring and Maintaining the Host System

Thissectiondescribeshowtoconfigureandmaintainhostsystemstooptimize VMwareServerperformance.ItalsodescribeshostwideVMwareServersettingsthat impactVMwareServerperformance.
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Defragmenting Hard Disks

Diskaccessperformanceisdegradedwhenthephysicaldiskthatstoresthevirtual machinediskfilesandworkingdirectoryisfragmented.Fragmentationofthehosthard diskcandegradetheaccessperformanceofanyorallofthefollowing:

Filesthatmakeupavirtualdisk Filesthatstorenewlysaveddatawhenyoutakeasnapshot Filesthatholdinformationusedwhensuspendingandresumingavirtualmachine
Ifyouareexperiencingslowdiskperformanceinthevirtualmachine,orifyouwantto improvethespeedofsuspendandresumeoperations,makesurethatthehostphysical diskthatstoresthevirtualmachinediskfilesandworkingdirectoryisnotfragmented. Ifthehostdiskisfragmented,youcanimproveperformancebyrunninga defragmentationutilityonthathostdisk.
Maintaining Adequate Free Disk Space

Foroptimalperformance,keepadequatefreediskspaceonthehostphysicaldisk. PerformancecandegradeconsiderablywhenVMwareServerisusingahostdiskwith littlefreespacetowritegrowablevirtualdisk,snapshot,andredofiles.
Enabling Disk Write Caching on Windows Hosts

OnWindowshosts,youcanenableanddisablewritecachingforeachharddiskfrom thePoliciestabofthedisksHardwarePropertiesdialogbox.Insomecases,youcan alsoenableadvancedperformanceforthedisk.Enablingoneorbothofthesesettings canimprovehostdiskperformanceingeneral.Enablingthesesettingsonthehostdisk thatcontainsthevirtualmachinediskfilescanimprovevirtualdiskperformance, especiallywhenVMwareServerismakingheavyuseofthedisk.
Configuring Swap Space on Linux Hosts

OnLinuxhosts,theamountofswapspaceandthesizeofthe/tmpdirectoryaffect performance.Makesurethatsizeofthe/tmpdirectoryisatleast1.5timestheamount ofmemoryonthehost.Forexample,ifthehostsystemhas1GBofmemory,makesure thatthehosts/tmpdirectoryisatleast1.5GB. Formoreinformationaboutconfiguringswapspaceandthe/tmpdirectory,see VMwareknowledgebasearticle844: http://www.vmware.com/support/kb/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=844.
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Chapter 12 Performance Tuning for VMware Server
Increasing NIC Interrupt Coalescing

InterruptcoalescingisaconfigurablefeatureinhighperformanceNICs.Interrupt coalescingprovidesnotificationofthereceptionofagroupofnetworkframestothe operatingsystemkernelthroughhardwareinterrupts.Increasinginterruptcoalescing onhostNICscanimproveperformanceforworkloadsinvolvingheavynetworktraffic totheguestsystem.
Calculating Memory Requirements to Allow for Virtual Machine Overhead

Virtualmachinesrequirerelativelylargeamountsofmemorytoperformwell.Each virtualmachinecanusememoryuptoitsallocationlimit,plussomeoverhead.The amountofoverheadneededdependsonthesizeofthevirtualdisks,theamountof memoryallocatedtothevirtualmachine,andguestsystembehavior. Table 121liststheadditionalamountofmemoryneededforoverhead,basedonthe amountofmemoryallocatedtothevirtualmachine. Table 12-1. Virtual Machine Allocated Memory and Additional Memory Overhead
Virtual Machine Memory Allocated Upto512MB Upto1000MB Upto2000MB Upto3600MB Additional Memory Overhead Needed Upto54MB Upto62MB Upto79MB Upto105MB
Donotallowtotalmemoryallocatedforallrunningvirtualmachinesplustheoverhead forVMwareServerprocessestoexceedtheamountofphysicalmemoryonthehost. Alsokeepsomememoryavailableforotherapplicationsonthehost.
Configuring Host-Wide Virtual Machine Memory Usage

Inadditiontoconfiguringthememorycapacityforeachvirtualmachine(see AllocatingMemorytoaVirtualMachineonpage 277),youcanspecifythefollowing hostwideVMwareServermemorysettings:
Howmuchofthehostsystemsmemorycanbeusedforallrunningvirtual machines Theextenttowhichthehostsystemsmemorymanagercanswapvirtualmachines outofphysicalRAM
Thesesettingsaffectbothvirtualmachineandoverallsystemperformance.
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Reserving Host Memory for Virtual Machine Use

YoucanlimittheamountofhostmemorythatVMwareServerisallowedtoconsume forallrunningvirtualmachines.Thisisthereservedmemorylimit,configuredas describedinReservingHostMemoryforAllVirtualMachinesonpage 113. Ifyousetthisvaluetoohigh,thehostmightperformpoorlywhenotherapplications arerunningonthehost.Ifyousetthisvaluetoolow,virtualmachinesmightperform poorlyandfewervirtualmachinescanrunsimultaneously. Reservedmemoryisallocatedasneeded,andtheamountinusevarieswhilevirtual machinesarerunning.Ifmultiplevirtualmachinesarerunningsimultaneously,they managethememorybetweeneachother. Evenwhenmultiplevirtualmachinesarerunningsimultaneously,VMwareServer mightbeusingonlyafractionofthereservedmemorylimit.Unusedhostmemoryis availableforusebyotherapplications.However,ifallthereservedhostmemoryisin usebyoneormorevirtualmachines,thehostandotherhostapplicationscannot operateproperly.Theamountofmemorythatmustremainallocatedtothehostand otherhostapplicationsdependsonthehostoperatingsystemandthetotalhost memorysize.
Configuring Host Memory for Swapping

Topreventvirtualmachinesfromaffectingeachothersperformance,VMwareServer limitsthenumberofvirtualmachinesthatcanrunsimultaneouslybasedontheamount ofmemoryreservedforallrunningvirtualmachines.Toadjustthenumberofvirtual machinesthatcanrunsimultaneouslyortheirtotalmemoryusage,specifytheamount ofvirtualmachinememorythatthehostoperatingsystemcanswaptodisk. YoucanallowvirtualmachinememorytobeswappedinandoutofhostRAM,oryou canrequirethatallvirtualmachinememoryfitinreservedRAM.Thesettingthat determineshowmuchmemorycanbeswappedisconfiguredasdescribedin ConfiguringAdditionalMemoryforSwappingonpage 114. Ifyoutrytopoweronavirtualmachinewheninsufficientmemoryisavailable, VMwareServerdisplaysawarningdialogbox.Themessageindicateshowmuch memorythevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouseandhowmuchmemoryisavailable. Toattempttopoweronthevirtualmachineusingtheavailablememory,clickOK. Otherwise,clickCancel.
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Allocating Memory to a Virtual Machine

Youspecifythememorycapacityforeachvirtualmachinewhenyoucreateit.TheNew VirtualMachinewizarddisplaysareasonabledefaultvaluebasedontheguest operatingsystemtypeandthetotalamountofhostmemory.However,youmightbe abletoimproveperformancebyadjustingthesettingwhenyoucreatethevirtual machine,orbylatereditingthememorysetting.SeeEditingVirtualMachine Memoryonpage 277. Mostmodernoperatingsystemsusesignificantamountsofmemory,soallowinga generousvirtualmachinememorycapacityisbeneficialforoptimalperformance.The optimalsettingdependsonthefollowingconsiderations:

Recommendationsoftheoperatingsystemvendor. Typesofapplicationsthatareruninthevirtualmachine. Whethermultiplevirtualmachinesarecontendingformemoryresources.Ifyou plantorunonevirtualmachineatatimemostofthetime,agoodstartingpointis togivethevirtualmachinehalfoftheavailablehostmemory. Whichapplicationsarerunonthehostatthesametimeasthevirtualmachine. Totalamountofhostmemorythatallrunningvirtualmachinescanuse.See ReservingHostMemoryforVirtualMachineUseonpage 276. Filesystemwherethevirtualmachineisstored.Youcannotallocatemorethan2GB ofmemorytoavirtualmachineifitisstoredonafilesystemthatdoesnotsupport fileslargerthan2GB,suchasFAT16.Ifyoudo,thevirtualmachinewillnotboot.

Forinformationabouthostwidememorysettings,seeConfiguringHostWide VirtualMachineMemoryUsageonpage 275.
Editing Virtual Machine Memory

Youcanchangetheamountofmemoryallocatedtoavirtualmachine. To edit memory allocation for a virtual machine 1 2 3 SelectthevirtualmachinefromtheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheMemoryiconandselect Edit.
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EntertheamountofmemoryinMBorGB,inmultiplesoffour. NOTETomakesurethatthevirtualmachinecanboot,allocateatleastthe RecommendedMinimumamountofmemory.
Using Two-Way Virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing

Forallsupportedconfigurationsof32bitand64bithostandguestoperatingsystems runningonmultiprocessorhostmachines,VMwareServerprovidessupportfor twowayVirtualSMP.VirtualSMPenablesyoutoassigntwovirtualprocessorstoa virtualmachineonanyhostmachinethathasatleasttwologicalprocessors. Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavetwoormorelogicalprocessors:

MultiprocessorhostwithtwoormorephysicalCPUs SingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU Singleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled
NOTEOnhyperthreadeduniprocessorhosts,performanceofvirtualmachineswith VirtualSMPmightbesubpar. GuestswithmorethantwovirtualprocessorsarenotsupportedinVMwareServer. However,youcanpoweronandrunmultipledualprocessorvirtualmachines concurrently. NOTEPerformancemightdegradesignificantlyinanovercommittedVirtualSMP environmentifthetotalnumberofvirtualCPUsinallrunningvirtualmachines exceedsthenumberofphysicalCPUsoradditionalapplicationsonthehostare competingwithVMwareServerforCPUresources. ThevirtualmachineSummarytabdisplaysthenumberofvirtualprocessorscurrently configuredforthevirtualmachine.Forinformationabouthowtosetthenumberof processorsforthevirtualmachine,seeEditingVirtualProcessorsonpage 279. Ifthehostisauniprocessormachineandisnothyperthreaded,assigningtwo processorsisneithersupportednorrecommended.Awarningmessageappearswhen youcreatethevirtualmachine.Youcandisregardthewarningandassigntwo processorstothevirtualmachine,butafteryoufinishcreatingthevirtualmachine,you cannotpoweritonunlessyoumoveittoahostmachinewithatleasttwological processors.
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Editing Virtual Processors

Youcanchangethenumberofvirtualprocessorsusedinavirtualmachine. Configuringthevirtualmachinetohavetwoprocessorsissupportedonlyforhost machineswithatleasttwologicalprocessors. ForinformationaboutVMwareServersupportforvirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing (VirtualSMP),seeUsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 278. To change the number of processors in a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 SelectthevirtualmachinefromtheInventorypanel. Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheProcessorsiconandselect Edit. SelectthenumberofprocessorsfromtheProcessorCountdropdownmenu. ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
Configuring and Maintaining Guest Operating Systems

Thissectionincludesrecommendationsforguestoperatingsystemconfigurationand maintenancetooptimizeVMwareServerperformance.
Installing Linux Guest Operating Systems in Text Mode

WhenyouareinstallingaLinuxguestoperatingsystem,usethetextmodeinstaller insteadofthegraphicalinstallerifpossible.Thismakestheinstallationprocessfaster.
Selecting the Correct Guest Operating System

Makesurethatyouselectthecorrectguestoperatingsystemforeachofyourvirtual machines.Forinformationabouthowtoverifyorchangetheguestoperatingsystem type,seeChangingVirtualMachineNameandGuestSystemSettingsonpage 124. VMwareServeroptimizescertaininternalconfigurationsbasedonthissetting.These optimizationscangreatlyaidtheoperatingsystemtheytarget,buttheycancause significantperformancedegradationifthereisamismatchbetweenthesettingandthe operatingsystemactuallyrunninginthevirtualmachine.(Althoughselectingthe wrongguestoperatingsystemmightdegradethevirtualmachinesperformance,itis notlikelytocauseavirtualmachinetorunincorrectly.)
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Installing VMware Tools

AlwaysinstallVMwareToolsinanyguestoperatingsystemforwhichaVMwareTools packageexists.VMwareToolssetsuptheVMwareToolsservicetorunautomatically whenthesystemstarts. VMwareToolsprovidesimprovedvideoandmouseperformanceandgreatly improvestheusabilityofthevirtualmachine.VMwareToolsalsoallowsyouto synchronizethevirtualmachinesclockwiththehostcomputersclock,whichcan improveperformanceforsomefunctions.Formoreinformation,seeChapter 5, InstallingandUsingVMwareTools,onpage 73.
Temporarily Disabling Acceleration in the Guest Operating System

Itissometimesnecessarytotemporarilydisableaccelerationinavirtualmachineto resolveproblemswithaguestoperatingsystemapplicationthatcrashesorseemsto hangorreportsthatitisrunningunderadebugger.Usuallyitispossibletoreenable accelerationafterinstallingorstartingtheapplication. Disablingaccelerationdegradesvirtualmachineperformance.Iftheproblemoccurs onlyduringapplicationinstallationorstartup,youcanimproveperformanceby resumingacceleratedoperationaftertheapplicationthatwasencounteringproblems isinstalledorrunning.Forinformationabouthowtoenableanddisableacceleration, seeChangingVirtualMachineAdvancedSettingsonpage 127.
Avoiding Remote Disk Access

Avoidconfiguringvirtualdisksthatareaccessedoverthenetworkunlessyouhavea veryfastnetwork.
Managing Snapshots and Virtual Disks

Ifyoudonotneedsnapshots,runyourvirtualmachinewithoutthemforbest performance.Forinformationabouthowtoremoveanexistingsnapshot,see RemovingaSnapshotonpage 199. Whennosnapshotexists,accessperformancetotheflatfilesthatmakeupa preallocatedvirtualdiskiscomparabletothesequentialandrandomaccess performanceoftheunderlyingphysicaldisk.
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Whenasnapshotexistsandyouhavemadechangestoapreallocatedvirtualdisk, accessperformanceforthechangeddiskfilesissomewhatslowerandiscomparableto thatofagrowablevirtualdisk(whichdoesnothavespaceallocatedinadvance).Ifyou removethesnapshot,performanceagainreflectsthatoftheunderlyingdisk. Whenasnapshotexists,virtualdisksoftenhaveverygoodperformanceforrandomor nonsequentialaccess.Buttheycanpotentiallybecomesofragmentedthatperformance isaffected.Youcanimproveperformanceforthesedisksbydefragmentingthem,as describedinDefragmentingVirtualDisksonpage 147.Beforeyoudefragmentthedisk, youmustfirstremovethesnapshot. NOTEAfterasnapshotistaken,youcannolongerdefragmenttheoriginaldisk.Ifyou runadefragmentationutilityintheguestsystemwhenasnapshotexists, VMware Servermakesallitschangestotheredologratherthantheoriginaldisk.Every sectorthatchangesiscopiedtothevirtualmachineredolog.Theredologbecomes extremelylargewhenthediskisheavilyfragmentedandyouattempttodefragment thediskaftertakingasnapshot.
Disabling Debugging Mode

Youcanconfigurevirtualmachinestorecorddebuggingorstatisticsinformation. However,recordingdebugginginformationdegradesperformancesignificantly. Duringnormaluse,makesurethatthevirtualmachineisnotrecordingdebugging information.Forinformationabouthowtoenableanddisabletherecordingofruntime information,seeChangingVirtualMachineAdvancedSettingsonpage 127.
Disabling CD/DVD Drive Polling

ManyWindowsoperatingsystemspolltheCD/DVDdriveapproximatelyevery secondtoseewhetheradiscispresent,allowingthemtorunautorunprograms.When thispollingoccurs,thevirtualmachinemightappeartopausewhileVMwareServer connectstothehostCD/DVDdriveandthehostdrivespinsup. IfyouhaveaCD/DVDdrivethattakesalongtimetospinup,youcaneliminatethese pausesusingeitherofthefollowingmethods:
Disablepollinginyourguestoperatingsystem.Specificinstructionsdependonthe operatingsystem. ConfigureyourvirtualCD/DVDdrivesothatitisnotconnectedwhenthevirtual machinepowerson.Onlyconnecttothevirtualdrivewhenyouwanttouseitin thevirtualmachine.
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Disabling Fade Effects in Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003
ThefadeeffectsusedbyWindows2000,WindowsXP,andWindowsServer2003to displaymenuscanmakethevirtualmachineseemlessresponsive. To disable fade effects 1 RightclicktheguestoperatingsystemdesktopandselectProperties> Appearance>Effects(onWindowsXPorWindowsServer2003)or Properties > Effects(onWindows2000). DeselecttheUsetransitioneffectsformenusandtooltipscheckbox.
Disabling Visual Effects in Windows 98

Windows98visualeffectsplaceunnecessarydemandsongraphicsemulationin VMwareServer.Youmightseeperformanceimprovementsifyouturnofftheseeffects. To disable visual effects 1 2 3 4 Rightclicktheguestoperatingsystemdesktop,andselectProperties. ClicktheEffectstab. DeselecttheAnimatewindows,menus,andlistscheckbox. (Optional)IfShowwindowcontentswhiledraggingisselected,deselectit.
Configuring Swap File Usage in Windows 95 and Windows 98

YoucanconfigureWindows95andWindows98systemsnottouseswapfilesuntil thereisnomoreavailableRAM. Inyoursystem.inifile,inthe[386enh]section,addthefollowingline:
ConservativeSwapFileUsage=1
Enabling Hardware Acceleration in Windows Server 2003

WindowsServer2003disableshardwareaccelerationbydefault.Thisslowsdown graphicsperformanceandmouseresponsivenessintheguestoperatingsystem. WhenyouinstallVMwareToolsinaWindowsServer2003guest,youarepromptedto enablethehardwareaccelerationsetting.VMwarerecommendsthatyouenable hardwareaccelerationfully.
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To enable hardware acceleration after installing VMware Tools 1 2 3 FromtheWindowscontrolpanel,selectDisplay. ClicktheSettingstab,andclickAdvanced. ClicktheTroubleshoottab,anddragtheHardwareaccelerationslideralltheway toFull.
Configuring Direct Memory Access (DMA) Disk Settings

SCSCIphysicaldisksareusuallyfasterthanIDEdisksthatuseDMA.However,in certainsituations,suchassinglethreadeddiskaccess,anIDEdiskthatusesDMAisas fastasaSCSIdisk. Inavirtualmachine,SCSIdisksandIDEdisksthatuseDMAhavesimilarperformance. IDEdisksmightbeveryslowinaguestoperatingsystemthatisnotconfiguredtouse DMA.Ifsupported,alsoenableDMAinSCSIdisks. TheeasiestwaytoconfigureaLinuxguesttouseDMAforvirtualIDEdrivesisto installVMwareTools.DuringVMwareToolsinstallation,IDEvirtualdrivesare automaticallyconfiguredtouseDMA. InWindowsServer2003,WindowsXP,andWindows2000,DMAisenabledbydefault. Windows95OSR2andWindows98canuseDMAforfasterIDEharddiskaccess,but DMAmightnotbeenabledbydefault. To enable DMA access using the Device Manager in Windows 95 and Windows 98 1 2 3 4 5 RightclickMyComputerandselectProperties. Clicktheplus(+)signnexttoDiskDrivestodisplaythevirtualmachines individualdrives. RightclicktheentryforeachIDEdrivetoopenitsPropertiesdialogbox. UnderSettings,selectDMAandacceptanywarningsthatWindowsdisplays. RestarttheWindowsguestsystem.
ThemethodforchangingthesettingvariesforotherWindowsoperatingsystems.
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Using DMA in Windows NT Guests on Multiprocessor Host Systems

YoumightexperienceslowerthanexpecteddiskI/OperformanceinWindowsNT guestoperatingsystemswhenusingIDEvirtualdisksonmultiprocessorhost computers.TheI/Olimitationisespeciallynoticeablewhenthevirtualmachineis booting.YoucanincreaseperformancebyenablingDMAonthevirtualdisksIDE channel. IfyouhaveavirtualdiskandaCD/DVDattachedasmasterandslavetotheprimary IDEcontroller(channel0)andyouwanttoenableDMA,poweroffthevirtualmachine andedittheCD/DVDdrivetomoveittothesecondaryIDEcontroller(channel1)at IDE1:0. YoucanenableDMAafterinstallingWindowsNTServicePack3orhigher.Inthe WindowsNTguest,insertanSP3orSP4CDinthedriveandrunDMACHECK.EXEfrom the\SUPPORT\UTILS\I386folderontheCD.Alternatively,downloadDMACHECK.EXE fromtheMicrosoftWebsite:http://support.microsoft.com/kb/q191774/ ClicktheEnabledoptionfortheIDEcontrollerandchannelconfiguredforthevirtual disk.Typically,thisischannel0only,unlessyouhavethevirtualmachineconfigured withmultiplevirtualdisksandnovirtualCD/DVDdrive. DonotenableDMAonanIDEchannelwithavirtualCD/DVDdriveattached.
Monitoring Virtual Machine Performance on Windows Hosts

VMwareServerprovidesasetofcountersthattheMicrosoftPerformanceconsolecan usetocollectperformancedatafromrunningvirtualmachines. ThePerformanceconsoleisavailableonlyonWindowshosts.However,youcan monitortheperformanceofanytypeofguestoperatingsystem,includingLinux guests. TheVMwareServerperformancecounterscanmonitorthefollowingdatafroma runningvirtualmachine:

Readsandwritestovirtualdisks Memoryusage Virtualnetworktraffic
Youcantrackvirtualmachineperformanceonlywhenavirtualmachineisrunning. Theperformancecountersreflectthestateofthevirtualmachine,nottheguest operatingsystem.Forexample,thecounterscandeterminehowoftentheguestreads fromavirtualdisk,butcannotdeterminehowmanyprocessesarerunningintheguest.
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To add counters to track virtual machine performance using the Windows Performance console 1 2 SelectStart>Programs>AdministrativeTools>Performanceorenter perfmon.mscattheWindowscommandprompt. InthePerformanceconsole,selectSystemMonitor,andclicktheplus(+)signon thetoolbar. TheAddCountersdialogboxisdisplayed. 3 4 InthePerformanceobjectlist,selectVMware. Selectwhichcounterstomonitor:

AllCountersMonitorallcounters SelectcountersfromlistMonitorthecountersyouselectfromthelist
Todisplaythedescriptionofacounter,selectthecounterandclickExplain. 5 Selectwhichvirtualmachinestomonitor:

AllinstancesMonitorallrunningvirtualmachines SelectinstancesfromlistMonitorthevirtualmachinesyouselectfromthe list
ClickAddtoaddthecounterstothePerformanceconsole.
FormoreinformationaboutusingthePerformanceconsole,usetheconsoleinproduct helporvisittheMicrosoftWebsite.
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Configuring Clustering on Windows Hosts
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ThischapterdescribeshowtocreateclusterconfigurationsusingVMwareServeron Windowshosts.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

OverviewofClusteringwithVMwareServeronpage 287 UsingSCSIReservationtoShareVirtualSCSIDisksonpage 288 CreatingaClusterinaBoxonpage 291
Overview of Clustering with VMware Server

Clusteringenablesagroupofcomputerstoachievehighavailability,scalability,or both.Tousers,theclusterappearstobeasinglesystem. Forexample,toprovidehighavailability,aclustercouldhaveasinglenodeservingas adatabaseduringnormaloperation,whiletheothernodesrunotherapplications.Ifthe databasenodecrashes,thedatabaseapplicationcanrecoverbyrestartingthedatabase onanothernode. VMwareServerclusteringcapabilitiesareideallysuitedfordevelopment,testing,and trainingapplications. Inatypicalvirtualmachinecluster:

Eachvirtualmachineisonenodeinthecluster. Disksaresharedbetweennodes. Shareddisksarerequiredwhentheapplicationusesdynamicdata,suchasmail serversanddatabaseservers.Sharedvirtualdisksmustbepreallocated,not growable.
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Extranetworkconnectionsbetweennodescanmonitorheartbeatstatus. Amethodforredirectingincomingrequestsisavailable.
NOTEAlwaysrigorouslytestandreviewyourclusterbeforedeployingitina productionenvironment.
Clustering Software Requirements

TheonlysupportedclusteringsoftwareisMicrosoftClusteringService.InWindows 2000,MicrosoftClusteringServiceprovidesfailoversupportfortwotofournode clustersforapplicationssuchasdatabases,fileservers,andmailservers.InWindows Server2003,MicrosoftClusteringServiceprovidesfailoversupportfortwoto eightnodeclusters. NOTEVMwaredoesnotsupportclusteringinWindowsServer2008guestsystems.
Applications That Can Use Clustering

Totakeadvantageofclusteringservices,applicationsmustbeclusteraware.Such applicationscanbestateless,suchasWebserversandVPNservers.Clusteraware applicationstypicallyincludebuiltinrecoveryfeatures,likethoseindatabaseservers, mailservers,fileservers,andprintservers.
Using SCSI Reservation to Share Virtual SCSI Disks

YoucansharepreallocatedvirtualSCSIdisksamongmultiplevirtualmachines runningonthesamehost.Whenavirtualdiskisshared,allvirtualmachinesusingthe diskmustusetheSCSIreservationprotocolsothattheycanwritetothedisk concurrently. NOTEOnlyuseSCSIreservationifyouarefamiliarwithSCSI,ingeneral,andtheSCSI reservationprotocol,inparticular. YoumustinstallclusteringsoftwareoneachvirtualmachinethatsharesaSCSIdisk. EnablingSCSIreservationdoesnotautomaticallymakethevirtualmachinea participantintheSCSIreservationprotocol. ThefollowingsectionsdescribehowtouseSCSIreservationtosharevirtualdisks amongmultiplevirtualmachines.
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Chapter 13 Configuring Clustering on Windows Hosts
SCSI Reservation Prerequisites and Restrictions

TheuseofSCSIreservationisrestrictedasfollows:
YoucanenableSCSIreservationonlyforvirtualSCSIdisks.Youcannotenable SCSIreservationforadiskthatisconfiguredasapassthrough(generic)SCSI device. VMwareServersupportsSCSIreservationonlywithpreallocatedvirtualdisks. Whenyoucreateanewvirtualmachine,oraddanewvirtualdisktoanexisting virtualmachine,configureapreallocatedvirtualdiskwhenusingSCSI reservation.SupportforSCSIreservationwithgrowablevirtualdisksisnot supported. DisksusingSCSIreservationcanbesharedonlyamongvirtualmachinesrunning onthesameVMwareServerhost.Ifyoutrytoshareadiskamongvirtualmachines locatedondifferenthosts,datalossorcorruptionislikely.Theshareddiskordisks canbelocatedinanyvaliddatastore. Donotshareadiskonthebootdisk,typicallySCSIbus0.Instead,useSCSI reservationonadatadisklocatedonadifferentbus.Ifyousharethebootdisk,you runtheriskofcorruptingit,becausethebootprogramisnotawarethatthediskis beingsharedandcanwritetothediskregardlessofwhetherornotitisbeing shared. AvirtualSCSIdiskcanbestoredonanytypeofphysicalharddisk,includingIDE, SCSI,andSATAphysicaldisks. IfonevirtualmachinedoesnothaveSCSIreservationenabledforitsvirtualdisk, butanothervirtualmachinedoeshaveSCSIreservationenabledforthesame virtualdisk,VMwareServerstillallowsthedisktobeshared.However,thevirtual machinethatisnotconfiguredforSCSIreservationcanaccesstheshareddisk concurrently,potentiallycausingdatalossorcorruption. VMwareServervirtualmachinescurrentlysupportonlytheSCSI2disk reservationprotocol,andnotapplicationsusingSCSI3diskreservations.
Enabling SCSI Reservation

SCSIreservationmustbeenabledineachvirtualmachinebeforeyoucansharevirtual disks. VMwarerecommendsthatyouconfiguresharedvirtualdisksonthesameSCSIbus, whichmustbeadifferentbusfromtheonethattheguestoperatingsystemuses.For example,ifyourguestoperatingsystemisonthescsi0bus,configuretheshareddisks onthenextavailablebus,typicallythescsi1bus.
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To enable SCSI reservation in a virtual machine 1 2 Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. Setthescsi<x>.sharedBus parameter(where<x>isthenumberoftheSCSIbus beingshared)tovirtualinthevirtualmachineconfigurationfile,asdescribedin ChangingVirtualMachineAdvancedSettingsonpage 127. Forexample,toenableSCSIreservationfordevicesonthescsi1bus,set scsi1.sharedBustovirtual.Thisallowsthewholebustobeshared. Ifyoudonotwanttosharethewholebus,youcanselectivelyallowSCSI reservationforaspecificSCSIdiskonthesharedbus.Forexample,ifyouwantto shareaSCSIdisklocatedatscsi1:1,setscsi1:1.sharedtotrue.Youmust specifythesameSCSItarget(inthisexample,scsi1:1)intheconfigurationfilefor eachvirtualmachinethatsharesthedisk.IfSCSIreservationisenabledforthe wholebus(thatis,scsi1.sharedBusissettovirtual),thissettingisignored. NOTEDonotshareresourcesusingtwoseparatebuses(forexample,dataon SCSI1:0andquorumonSCSI2:0).Thiscausestheconfigurationfiletobecome invalid.Iftheconfigurationfileisnotvalid,youcannotbootthevirtualmachine. 3 Setthedisk.lockingparametertofalseinthevirtualmachineconfiguration file. NOTEThissettingappliestoalldisksinthevirtualmachine. Becausedisklockingisdisabled,multiplevirtualmachinescanaccesstheshared diskconcurrently. CAUTIONIfanyvirtualmachinethatisnotconfiguredforSCSIreservationattemptsto accessthediskconcurrently,theshareddiskisvulnerabletodatalossorcorruption.
Naming Reservation Lock Files

WhenSCSIreservationisenabled,VMwareServercreatesareservationlockfilethat containsthesharedstateofthereservationforthegivendisk.Thenameofthisfile consistsoftheSCSIdiskfilenameappendedwiththe.RESLCKextension. Forexample,ifthediskscsi1:0.filenameisdefinedintheconfigurationfileas /<path_to_config>/vmSCSI.vmdk,thereservationlockfileforthisdiskhasthe defaultname/<path_to_config>/vmSCSI.vmdk.RESLCK.
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Youcanprovideyourownlockfilenamebysettingscsi1:0.reslcknameinthe configurationfile.Forexample,ifyousetscsi1:0.reslcknameto /tmp/scsi1-0.reslockintheconfigurationfile,thisnameoverridesthedefaultlock filename. CAUTIONYoumustusethesamelockfilename(forexample, /tmp/scsi1-0.reslock)foreachvirtualmachineinthecluster.Youmustalsousethe sameSCSItargetforeachvirtualmachinewhenyoudefinescsi1:0.reslckname. However,theSCSIbus(scsi1inthiscase)doesnotneedtobethesame. AfterSCSIreservationisenabledforadisk,youmustconfigureeachvirtualmachine tousethisdisk.SeeConfiguringHardDisksonpage 141.
Event Logging When Virtual Disks Are Shared

SomediskerrorsarerecordedintheWindowseventloginthenormaloperationofa Windowsvirtualmachine.Anexampleerrormessageis:
The driver detected a controller error on \Device\Scsi\BusLogic3
Theerrorsmightappearinthelogperiodicallyonthepassivenodeofthecluster,and whenthepassivenodeistakingoverduringafailover.Theerrorsareloggedbecause theactivenodeoftheclusterhasreservedthesharedvirtualdisk.Thepassivenode periodicallyprobestheshareddiskandreceivesaSCSIreservationconflicterror.
Creating a Cluster in a Box

WithVMwareServer,youcancreateasimpleclusterinaboxtoprovidehigh availability. NOTETheabilitytotakesnapshotsisdisabledinaclusteringconfiguration. Theclusterinaboxconfigurationhasthefollowingfeatures:

Consistsofmultiplevirtualmachines(nodes)onasinglephysicalmachine. SupportsshareddiskswithoutsharedSCSIhardware. Supportsaheartbeatnetworkwithoutanextraphysicalnetworkadapter.
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Figure 13-1. Two-Node Cluster on a Single Physical Machine
Thefollowingsectionsdescribehowtoconfigureaclusterinabox.
Configuring Virtual Machines for Cluster in a Box

Tocreateasetofclusteredvirtualmachines(aclusterinabox),configureeachofthem withthefollowing:

AprimaryvirtualSCSIhostadapterwithonevirtualSCSIdisk. Twovirtualnetworkadapters:
ApublicnetworkadapterbridgedtoaphysicaladapterusingeitherVMnet0 orVMnet2throughVMnet8. AprivatenetworkadapterconnectedtoVMnet1(hostonly)oranother physicaladapter(VMnet2throughVMnet8).Thisisthenetworkadapterthat theclusteringserviceusestomonitortheheartbeatbetweennodes.
Thenetworkselectionmustmatchinallvirtualmachinesinacluster.
Anyotherrequiredvirtualmachinehardware.
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Inaddition,thefollowingarerequiredtosharedisks:

AsecondaryvirtualSCSIhostadapter. Oneormorepreallocatedvirtualdisksthataresharedandareattachedtothe secondarySCSIhostadapter.
NotethefollowingaboutvirtualPCIslotsinthevirtualmachines:

EachvirtualmachinebydefaulthassixPCIslotsavailable. Thisclusterconfiguration(twonetworkadaptersandtwoSCSIhostbusadapters) usesfouroftheseslots. OnemorePCIslotisavailableforathirdnetworkadapterifneeded.(Thesixthslot isusedbythevirtualdisplayadapter.) IfthevirtualmachinesbootpartitionisonanIDEvirtualdisk,thepartition occupiesoneofthePCIslots.
Creating a Two-Node Cluster with Microsoft Clustering Services

ThissectiondescribeshowtocreateatwonodeclusterusingMicrosoftClustering ServicesonasingleVMwareServerhostusingthefollowing:

SQL1=hostnameofnode1ofthecluster SQL2=hostnameofnode2ofthecluster SQLCLUSTER=publichostnameofthecluster
Theprocedurestocreateatwonodeclusterincludesthefollowinghighlevelsteps:
Createthebasevirtualmachinewithtwovirtualdisksthataresharedbetweenthe virtualmachinesinthecluster.Thisvirtualmachineservesasatemplateforthe secondnode. Clonethebasenodeanduseitcreatethesecondnode. Installclusteringsoftwareonbothnodes.

NOTEThevirtualdisksusedtostoretheoperatingsystemandclusteringsoftwarefor thevirtualmachines(nodes)intheclusterdonothavetobepreallocatedvirtualdisks.
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To create the base virtual machine that serves as the first node in the cluster 1 2 LogintoyourVMwareServerhostasanAdministratoruser. Createanewvirtualmachine.Choosethesettingsyouwant,suchasthesizeofthe virtualdiskandthevirtualmemorylimit,butmakesurethatyouspecify:
Windows2000AdvancedServerorWindowsServer2003EnterpriseEdition astheguestoperatingsystem. SQL1asthevirtualmachinename. Thecorrectdatastore. Bridgednetworkingforthevirtualmachine.

Addanewnetworkadapterthatuseseitheranotherexternaladapterorthe VMnet1hostonlyadapter.(Forcompleteisolationfromthehost,youcanalsouse anyunusedvirtualEthernetswitch,typicallyVMnet2throughVMnet7.)For information,seeAddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtualMachineonpage 223. ThisadapterisusedasthevirtualprivateEthernetconnectionforheartbeat monitoring.
Addthetwosharedvirtualdisks:

Ashareddatadisk,forexample,data.vmdk Asharedquorumdisktostoretransactionsbeforetheyarecommittedtothe datadisk,forexample,quorum.vmdk
Forinformation,seeAddingaHardDisktoaVirtualMachineonpage 144. 5 Addthefollowingparameterstothevirtualmachineconfigurationfile (SQL1.vmx)asdescribedinChangingVirtualMachineAdvancedSettingson page 127:

Setscsi1.sharedBustovirtual Setdisk.lockingtofalse
ThisenablesSCSIreservation,whichisdescribedinmoredetailinthesection UsingSCSIReservationtoShareVirtualSCSIDisksonpage 288. Youarefinishedcreatingthevirtualmachineforthefirstnodeinyourcluster. Thenextstepistoinstallaguestoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachine.
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InstalltheWindows2000AdvancedServerorWindowsServer2003Enterprise EditionguestoperatingsystemasdescribedinInstallingtheGuestOperating Systemonpage 68. NOTEDonotinstalltheclusteringservicesduringtheinstallationoftheguest operatingsystem.
InstallVMwareToolsintheguestoperatingsystem.SeeInstallingVMware Toolsonpage 76.
To clone the first virtual machine node 1 Runsysprep.exe,whichisavailableontheWindowsCDinthefile \support\tools\deploy.caborfromtheMicrosoftWebsite. Thesysprep.exeutilityremovesthesecurityIDassignedtotheguestoperating system,resetsthemachineinformation,andresetstheTCP/IPnetwork configuration. 2 3 4 5 Shutdowntheguestoperatingsystemandpoweroffthevirtualmachine. CreateavirtualmachinedirectorynamedSQL2inthesamedatastoreasSQL1. CopytheSQL1*.vmdkfilestothisdirectory. UsetheVMwareVirtualDiskManagertochangethenameofthevirtualdiskto SQL2*.vmdk.Atacommandprompt,type:
vmware-vdiskmanager -n SQL1.vmdk SQL2.vmdk
SeetheVMwaretechnicalnoteaboutusingVirtualDiskManager. Youarefinishedcloningthefirstnode. Next,createthesecondnodeintheclusterusingtheclone. To create the second node in the cluster from the clone of the first node 1 2 LogintoyourVMwareServerhostasanAdministratoruser. Createanewvirtualmachine.Choosethesettingsyouwant,suchasthesizeofthe virtualdiskandthevirtualmemorylimit,butmakesurethatyouspecify:
Windows2000AdvancedServerorWindowsServer2003EnterpriseEdition astheguestoperatingsystem. SQL2asthevirtualmachinename.
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Thecorrectdatastore. Tousetheexistingvirtualdisk,clickBrowseandselectSQL2.vmdk. Bridgednetworkingforthevirtualmachine.
Addanewnetworkadapterthatuseseitheranotherexternaladapterorthe VMnet1hostonlyadapter.SeeAddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtualMachine onpage 223. Addthetwovirtualdisks(quorum.vmdkanddata.vmdk)youpreviouslycreated. SeeAddingaHardDisktoaVirtualMachineonpage 144. YoumustselectUseanExistingVirtualDiskandbrowsetoquorum.vmdkand data.vmdk.
Addthefollowingparameterstothevirtualmachineconfigurationfile (SQL2.vmx)asdescribedinChangingVirtualMachineAdvancedSettingson page 127:

Setscsi1.sharedBustovirtual Setdisk.lockingtofalse
ThisenablesSCSIreservation,whichisdescribedinmoredetailinUsingSCSI ReservationtoShareVirtualSCSIDisksonpage 288. Youarefinishedcreatingthesecondnode. Nowthatyouhavevirtualmachinesforbothnodesinyourtwonodecluster,youcan installtheclusteringservicessoftware. To install Microsoft Clustering Services on the first node 1 2 Poweronthenode1virtualmachine. AttheWindowssetupprompts,enterthefollowing:

Windowsserialnumber Hostname(SQL1) IPaddressesofthepublicandprivatenetworkadapters NOTEForthepublicnetworkadapter,enteranIPaddressthatbelongstothe physicalnetwork.FortheprivateIPaddress,youcanuseanaddresslike 192.168.x.xwithaclassCsubnetmask(255.255.255.0).
Attheendoftheprocess,Windowsreboots. 3
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StarttheDiskManagementutilityandchangebothshareddiskstoBasicdisks.
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FormatbothsharedvirtualdiskswithNTFSiftheyarenotalreadyformatted. AssignthefirstshareddisktoQ:(quorum)andtheseconddisktoR:(data). IfyouhavejoinedthisvirtualmachinetoanexistingActiveDirectorydomain,skip toStep 10.
6 7
Rundcpromo.exefromthecommandprompttostarttheActiveDirectorywizard. Setupthecurrentmachineasadomaincontroller.Forthedomainname,use somethingsimilarto<vmcluster>.<domain.com>where<domain.com>isyour DNSdomainand<vmcluster>isyourActiveDirectorydomain. Youcansetupthisnodeasanewdomaintreeoranewdomainforest,orjoinitto anexistingdomaintreeorforest.
8 9 10 11
MakesurethattheDNSserverisinstalled. Setthedomainpermissionsasmixedmodeunlessyouhaveotherrequirements. Toaddaclusterservicesaccountinthedomain,choosePrograms> AdministrativeTools>ActiveDirectoryUsersandComputers. Addaclusterserviceaccountnamedcluster,andspecifythefollowing:

Userpassword SelectUsercannotchangepassword SelectPasswordneverexpires
12 13 14 15 16 17
InserttheWindowsCDintheCDROMdrive. ChooseControlPanel>Add/RemovePrograms. SelectAdd/RemoveWindowsComponents. SelecttheClusterServicecomponent. ClickNextandfollowthepromptstoinstalltheservice. Toconfiguretheclusterservice,chooseFormaNewClusterandspecifythe following:

SQLCLUSTERastheclustername. TheclusterserviceaccountcreatedinStep 11. Bothshareddisksaremanagedbytheclusterservice.
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Theshareddisk(Q:)isthequorumdisk. Indicatewhichnetworkadapterispublicandwhichisprivate. TheclusterIPaddress.Thisistheaddressthatrepresentsthecluster.Itmust beonthesamenetworkasthephysicalEthernetdevice.
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Tostoptheclusterserviceonthelocalnode(node1)sothatthesecondvirtual machine(node2)canaccesstheshareddisks,rightclickthenodenamefrom ClusterManager,andselectStopClusterService.
YouarefinishedinstallingMicrosoftClusteringServicesonthefirstnode. To install Microsoft Clustering Services on the second node 1 2 3 4 Startthenode2virtualmachine. RepeatStep 2andStep 3intheprocedureforthefirstnode. StarttheDiskManagementtoolandassignthefirstshareddisktoQ:(quorum) andtheseconddisktoR:(data). Startdcpromo.exeandaddthisvirtualmachineasadomaincontrollerinthe samedomaincreatedinStep 7forthefirstnode,oraddittoanexistingdomain. NOTEThesetupinnode2mustmatchthesetupinnode1,whichyouspecifiedin Step 7fornode1. 5 6 Tostarttheclusterserviceinthenode1virtualmachine,rightclickthenodename fromClusterManager,andselectStartClusterService. Inthenode2virtualmachine,repeatStep 13throughStep 17inToinstall MicrosoftClusteringServicesonthefirstnodeonpage 296,withoneexception: inStep 17,selectJoinaCluster.
Youarenowfinishedconfiguringthecluster.
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Defined Privileges
Thefollowingtableslistthedefaultprivilegesthat,whenselectedforarole,canbe pairedwithauserandassignedtoanobject.Inthetables,VCindicatesaVirtualCenter ServerandHCindicatesahostclient,standaloneESX/ESXi,orVMwareServerhost. Whensettingpermissions,verifythatalltheobjecttypesaresetwithappropriate privilegesforeachparticularaction.Someoperationsrequireaccesspermissionatthe rootfolderorparentfolderinadditiontoaccesstotheobjectbeingmanipulated.Some operationsrequireaccessorperformancepermissionataparentfolderandarelated object.SeeChapter 10,ManagingRolesandPermissions,onpage 201forinformation aboutapplyingrolestoinventoryobjects. SeeTable 101,SystemRoles,onpage 204foralistofpredefinedgroupedprivileges. Thisappendixincludesthefollowingtopics:

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Alarmsonpage 300 Datacenteronpage 301 Datastoreonpage 301 Extensionsonpage 302 Foldersonpage 303 Globalonpage 303 HostCIMonpage 305 HostConfigurationonpage 306 HostInventoryonpage 308 HostLocalOperationsonpage 309
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Networkonpage 310 Performanceonpage 310 Permissionsonpage 311 Resourceonpage 311 ScheduledTaskonpage 313 Sessionsonpage 313 Tasksonpage 314 VirtualMachineConfigurationonpage 314 VirtualMachineInteractiononpage 317 VirtualMachineInventoryonpage 319 VirtualMachineProvisioningonpage 319 VirtualMachineStateonpage 321
Alarms
Table A-1. Alarms Privileges
Privilege Name CreateAlarm1 Description Createsanewalarm. UserinterfaceelementAlarmstab contextmenu,File>New>Alarm DeleteAlarm Deletesanexistingalarm. UserinterfaceelementAlarmstab contextmenu ModifyAlarm Changesthepropertiesofanexisting alarm. UserinterfaceelementAlarmstab contextmenu VConly VConly Used VConly Pair with Object Alarm object parent Alarm object parent Alarm object parent Effective on Object All inventory objects All inventory objects All inventory objects
1. Whencreatingalarmswithacustomaction,privilegetoperformtheactionisverifiedwhentheusercreates thealarm.
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Appendix A Defined Privileges
Datacenter
Table A-2. Datacenter Privileges
Privilege Name Create Datacenter Description Createsanewdatacenter. UserinterfaceelementInventory contextmenu,toolbarbutton,andFile> NewDatacenter Removesadatacenter. UserinterfaceelementInventory contextmenu,Inventory>Datacenter> Remove,Edit>Remove Movesadatacenter. Privilegemustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. UserinterfaceelementInventory draganddrop Rename Datacenter Changesthenameofadatacenter. UserinterfaceelementInventory object,Inventorycontextmenu,Edit> Rename,Inventory>Datacenter> Rename VConly Datacenter Datacenters VConly VConly Datacenter plusparent object Datacenter, sourceand destination Affects VConly Pair with Object Datacenter Effective on Object Datacenter folders
Delete Datacenter
Datacenters
Move Datacenter
Datacenters, Datacenter folders
Datastore
Table A-3. Datastore Privileges
Privilege Name Browse Datastore Description Browsesfilesonadatastore. UserinterfaceelementAddexisting disk,browseforCDROMorFloppy media,serialorparallelportfiles Removesadatastore. UserinterfaceelementInventory datastorecontextmenu,Inventory> Datastore>Remove Deletesafileinthedatastore. UserinterfaceelementDatastore BrowsertoolbarbuttonandDatastore contextmenu HCandVC Datastores HCandVC Datastores Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Datastores Effective on Object Datastores, Datastore folders Datastores, Datastore folders Datastores
Delete Datastore
Delete DatastoreFile
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Table A-3. Datastore Privileges (Continued)

Privilege Name Move Datastore Description Movesadatastorebetweenfolders. Privilegesmustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. UserinterfaceelementInventory draganddrop Rename Datastore Renamesadatastore. UserinterfaceelementDatastore PropertiesdialogChangebutton,host Summarytabcontextmenu Carriesoutfileoperationsinthe datastorebrowser. Allocatesspaceonadatastorefora virtualmachine,snapshot,orclone. HCandVC HCandVC Datastores Datastores Datastores Datastores HCandVC Datastores Datastores Affects VConly Pair with Object Datastore, sourceand destination Effective on Object Datastores, Datastore folders
File Management AllocateSpace
Extensions
Table A-4. Extensions Privileges
Privilege Name Register Extension Unregister Extension Update Extension Description Registersanextension(plugin). Unregistersanextension(plugin). Updatesanextension(plugin). Affects VConly VConly VConly Pair with Object Rootfolder Rootfolder Rootfolder Effective on Object Rootfolder Rootfolder Rootfolder
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Folders
Table A-5. Folder Privileges
Privilege Name CreateFolder Description Createsanewfolder. UserinterfaceelementTaskbar button,Filemenu,contextmenu DeleteFolder Deletesafolder. UserinterfaceelementFilemenu, contextmenu MoveFolder Movesafolder. Privilegemustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. UserinterfaceelementInventory draganddrop RenameFolder Changesthenameofafolder. UserinterfaceelementInventory paneobjecttextfield,contextmenu, Filemenu VConly Folders Folders VConly VConly Foldersplus parentobject Folders, sourceand destination Folders Affects VConly Pair with Object Folders Effective on Object Folders
Folders
Global
Table A-6. Global Privileges
Privilege Name CancelTask Description Cancelsarunningorqueuedtask. UserinterfaceelementRecenttasks panecontextmenu,Tasks&Events contextmenu.Cancurrentlycancel cloneandclonetotemplate. Capacity Planning Enablestheuseofcapacityplanningfor planningconsolidationofphysical machinestovirtualmachines. UserinterfaceelementConsolidation buttonintoolbar. Diagnostics Getslistofdiagnosticfiles,logheader, binaryfiles,ordiagnosticbundle. UserinterfaceelementFile>Export> ExportDiagnosticData,Admin SystemLogstab VConly Anyobject Rootfolder VConly Anyobject Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Anyobject Effective on Object Inventory object relatedtothe task Rootfolder
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Table A-6. Global Privileges (Continued)

Privilege Name Disable Methods Description AllowsserversforVirtualCenter extensionstodisablecertainoperations onobjectsmanagedbyVirtualCenter. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. Enable Methods AllowsserversforVirtualCenter extensionstoenablecertainoperations onobjectsmanagedbyVirtualCenter. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. Licenses Seeswhatlicensesareinstalledand addsorremoveslicenses. UserinterfaceelementLicensestab, Configuration>LicensedFeatures LogEvent Logsauserdefinedeventagainsta particularmanagedentity. UserinterfaceelementShouldaskfor areasonwhenshuttingdownor rebootingahost. Manage Custom Attributes Proxy Adds,removes,renamescustom attributesforamanagedentity. Userinterfaceelement Administration>CustomAttributes Allowsaccesstoaninternalinterface foraddingorremovingendpointstoor fromtheproxy. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. ScriptAction Schedulesascriptedactionin conjunctionwithanalarm. UserinterfaceelementAlarm Settingsdialogbox Service Managers Allowsuseoftheresxtopcommandin theRemoteCLI. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. HCandVC VConly All inventory objects Hosts All inventory objects Hosts VConly Allobjects Rootfolder VConly Allobjects HCandVC Allobjects All inventory objects HCandVC Anyobject Rootfolder VConly Anyobject Rootfolder Affects VConly Pair with Object Anyobject Effective on Object Rootfolder
Rootfolder
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Table A-6. Global Privileges (Continued)

Privilege Name SetCustom Attributes Description Views,creates,andremovescustom attributefields. UserinterfaceelementAnylistview showsthefieldsdefinedandallows settingthem Settings ReadsandmodifiesruntimeVC configurationsettings. Userinterfaceelement Administration>VirtualCenter ManagementServerConfiguration VCServer PreparesorinitiatesaVMotionsend operationoraVMotionreceive operation. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. VConly Allobjects Rootfolder VConly Allobjects Affects VConly Pair with Object Allobjects Effective on Object All inventory objects
Rootfolder
Host CIM
Table A-7. Host CIM Privileges
Privilege Name CIM Interaction Description Allowsaclienttoobtainatickettouse forCIMservices. Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Hosts Effective on Object Hosts
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Host Configuration
Table A-8. Host Configuration Privileges
Privilege Name Advanced Configuration Description Setsadvancedoptionsinhost configuration. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>Advanced Settings,Inventoryhierarchycontext menu ChangeDate TimeSettings Setstimeanddatesettingsonthehost. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>Time Configuration Allowsenablinganddisablingof backgroundsnapshotsandsettingof lockdownmode. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>SecurityProfile> LockdownMode>Edit ChangeSNMP Settings Connection Edits,restarts,andstopsSNMPagent. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. Changestheconnectionstatusofahost (connectedordisconnected). UserinterfaceelementRightclick Host Firmware Allowsupdatestothehostfirmwareon ESXihosts. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. Hyper Threading Enablesanddisableshyperthreadingin thehostCPUscheduler. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>Processors Maintenance Putsthehostinandoutofmaintenance mode,shutsdownandrestartsthehost. UserinterfaceelementHostcontext menu,Inventory>Host>Enter MaintenanceMode HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts(ESXi only) VConly Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Hosts Effective on Object Hosts
Change Settings
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Table A-8. Host Configuration Privileges (Continued)

Privilege Name Memory Configuration Description Setsconfiguredserviceconsolememory reservation.Thissettingisapplicable onlyonESXhosts. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>Memory Network Configuration Configuresnetwork,firewall,and VMotionnetwork. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>Networking, NetworkAdapter,DNSandRouting QueryPatch Security Profileand Firewall System Management Allowsqueryingforinstallablepatches andinstallationofpatchesonthehost. ConfiguresInternetservices,suchas SSH,Telnet,SNMP,andhostfirewall. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>SecurityProfile Allowsextensionstomanipulatethefile systemonthehost. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. System Resource Settings Updatestheconfigurationofthesystem resourcehierarchy. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>SystemResource Allocation ManagesVMFSdatastoreand diagnosticpartitions.Scansfornew storagedevices.ManagesiSCSI. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>Storage,Storage Adapters,HostConfigurationtab datastorecontextmenu Virtual Machine Autostart Configuration Changesautostartandautostoporder ofvirtualmachinesonasinglehost. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>VirtualMachine StartuporShutdown HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC HCandVC Hosts Hosts Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Hosts Effective on Object Hosts
Storage Partition Configuration
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Host Inventory
Table A-9. Host Inventory Privileges
Privilege Name AddHostTo Cluster Add Standalone Host Description Addsahosttoanexistingcluster. UserinterfaceelementInventory contextmenu,File>New>AddHost Addsastandalonehost. UserinterfaceelementToolbar button,Inventorycontextmenu, Inventory>Datacenter>AddHost, File>New>AddHost,Hoststab contextmenu Createsanewcluster. UserinterfaceelementsToolbar button,inventorycontextmenu, Inventory>Datacenter>NewCluster, File>New>Cluster Modify Cluster Changesthepropertiesofacluster. UserinterfaceelementInventory contextmenu,Inventory>Cluster> EditSettings,Summarytab Movesaclusterorstandalonehost betweenfolders. Privilegemustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. UserinterfaceelementInventory hierarchy MoveHost Movesasetofexistinghostsintoa cluster. Privilegemustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. UserinterfaceelementInventory hierarchydraganddrop Remove Cluster Deletesaclusterorstandalonehost. UserinterfaceelementInventory contextmenu,Edit>Remove, Inventory>Cluster>Remove VConly Clustersplus parentobject Clusters, Hosts VConly Hosts,source and destination Clusters, Hostfolders VConly Clusters, sourceand destination Clusters, Hostfolders VConly Clusters VConly Clusters VConly Hosts Datacenters, Hostfolders Affects VConly Pair with Object Hosts Effective on Object Clusters
CreateCluster
Datacenters, Hostfolders
Clusters
MoveCluster/ Standalone Host
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Table A-9. Host Inventory Privileges (Continued)

Privilege Name RemoveHost FromCluster Description Removesahostinaclusteror standalonehost. UserinterfaceelementInventory draganddropoutofcluster,context menu,Inventory>Host>Remove Rename Cluster Renamesacluster. UserinterfaceelementInventory singleclick,inventoryhierarchycontext menu,Inventory>Cluster>Rename VConly Clusters Clusters Affects VConly Pair with Object Clustersplus parentobject Effective on Object Clusters, Hostfolders
Host Local Operations

Table A-10. Host Local Operations Privileges
Privilege Name AddHostto VirtualCenter Description Installsanduninstallsvariousagentson ahost,forexample,vpxaandaam. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. CreateVirtual Machine Createsanewvirtualmachinefrom scratchonadiskwithoutregisteringit onthehost. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. DeleteVirtual Machine Deletesavirtualmachineondisk, whetherregisteredornot. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. ManageUser Groups Manageslocalaccountsonahost. UserinterfaceelementUsers& Groupstab(onlypresentiftheVIClient logsontothehostdirectly) HConly Rootfolder Rootfolder HConly Rootfolder Rootfolder HConly Rootfolder Rootfolder Affects HConly Pair with Object Rootfolder Effective on Object Rootfolder
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Network
Table A-11. Network Privileges
Privilege Name Assign Network MoveNetwork Description Assignsanetworktoavirtualmachine. Affects VConly Pair with Object Virtual machine Network, sourceand destination Effective on Object Networks, Virtual machines Networks
Movesanetworkbetweenfolders. Privilegemustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. UserinterfaceelementInventory draganddrop
HCandVC
Delete Network
Removesanetwork. UserinterfaceelementInventory networkcontextmenu,Edit>Remove, Inventory>Network>Remove
HCandVC
Datacenter
Datacenters
Performance
Table A-12. Performance Privileges
Privilege Name Modify Intervals Description Creates,removes,andupdates performancedatacollectionintervals. Userinterfaceelement Administration>VirtualCenter ManagementServerConfiguration> Statistics Affects VConly Pair with Object Rootfolder Effective on Object Rootfolder
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Permissions
Table A-13. Permissions Privileges
Privilege Name Modify Permission Description Definesoneormorepermissionruleson anentity,orupdatesrulesifalready presentforthegivenuserorgroupon theentity. UserinterfaceelementPermissions tabcontextmenu,Inventory> Permissionsmenu ModifyRole Updatesarolesnameandthe privileges. UserinterfaceelementRolestab contextmenu,toolbarbutton,Filemenu ReassignRole Permissions Reassignsallpermissionsofaroleto anotherrole. UserinterfaceelementDeleteRole dialogboxradiobuttonandassociated menu HCandVC Anyobject Rootfolder HCandVC Anyobject Rootfolder Used HCandVC Pair with Object Anyobject plusparent object Effective on Object All inventory items
Resource
Table A-14. Resource Privileges
Privilege Name Apply Recommendation Description Askstheservertogoaheadwitha suggestedVMotion. UserinterfaceelementClusterDRS tab AssignVirtual MachineToPool Assignsvirtualmachinestoaresource pool. UserinterfaceelementNewVirtual Machinewizard CreatePool Createsanewresourcepool. UserinterfaceelementFilemenu, contextmenu,Summarytab,Resources tab HCandVC Resource pools, clusters Resource pools, clusters HCandVC Resource pools Resource pools Affects VConly Pair with Object Clusters Effective on Object Clusters
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Table A-14. Resource Privileges (Continued)

Privilege Name Migrate Description Migratesavirtualmachinesexecution toaspecificresourcepoolorhost. UserinterfaceelementInventory contextmenu,VirtualMachine Summarytab,Inventory>Virtual Machine>Migrate,draganddrop ModifyPool Changestheallocationsofaresource pool. UserinterfaceelementInventory> ResourcePool>Remove,Resources tab MovePool Movesaresourcepool. Privilegemustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. Userinterfaceelement Draganddrop QueryVMotion InvestigatesthegeneralVMotion compatibilityofavirtualmachinewith asetofhosts. UserinterfaceelementRequired whendisplayingthemigrationwizard forapoweredonvirtualmachine,to checkcompatibility Relocate Coldmigratesavirtualmachines executiontoaspecificresourcepoolor host. UserinterfaceelementInventory contextmenu,VirtualMachine Summarytab,Inventory>Virtual Machine>Migrate,draganddrop RemovePool Deletesaresourcepool. UserinterfaceelementEdit> Remove,Inventory>ResourcePool> Remove,inventorycontextmenu, Resourcestab RenamePool Renamesaresourcepool. UserinterfaceelementEdit> Rename,Inventory>ResourcePool> Rename,contextmenu HCandVC HCandVC Resource poolsplus parent object Resource pools Resource pools VConly Virtual machines Virtual machines VConly HCandVC HCandVC Resource poolsplus parent object Resource pools, sourceand destination Resource pools Affects VConly Pair with Object Virtual machines Effective on Object Virtual machines
Resource pools
Rootfolder
Root folder
Resource pools
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Scheduled Task
Table A-15. Scheduled Task Privileges
Privilege Name CreateTasks1 Description Schedulesatask.Requiresthe privilegestoperformthescheduled actionatthetimeofscheduling. UserinterfaceelementScheduled Taskstoolbarbuttonandcontextmenu ModifyTask Reconfiguresthescheduledtask properties. UserinterfaceelementInventory> ScheduledTasks>Edit,Scheduled Taskstabcontextmenu RemoveTask Removesascheduledtaskfromthe queue. UserinterfaceelementScheduled Taskscontextmenu,Inventory> ScheduledTask>Remove,Edit> Remove RunTask Runsthescheduledtaskimmediately. UserinterfaceelementScheduled Taskscontextmenu,Inventory> ScheduledTask>Run VConly Allinventory objects Allinventory objects VConly Allinventory objects Allinventory objects VConly Allinventory objects Allinventory objects Affects VConly Pair with Object Allinventory objects Effective on Object Allinventory objects
1. Creatingandrunningatask(ondemand)requirespermissiontoinvoketheassociatedaction.
Sessions
Table A-16. Session Privileges
Privilege Name Global Message Description Setsthegloballoginmessage. UserinterfaceelementSessionstab, Administration>EditMessageofthe Day Impersonatesanotheruser.This capabilityisusedbyextensions. VConly Rootfolder Rootfolder Affects VConly Pair with Object Rootfolder Effective on Object Rootfolder
Impersonate User
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Table A-16. Session Privileges (Continued)

Privilege Name Validate Session Viewand Terminate Sessions Description Verifiessessionvalidity. Allowsviewingofsession.Forceslog outofoneormoreloggedonusers. UserinterfaceelementSessionstab Affects VConly VConly Pair with Object Rootfolder Rootfolder Effective on Object Rootfolder Rootfolder
Tasks
Table A-17. Tasks Privileges
Privilege Name Create Update Description Allowsanextensiontocreatea userdefinedtask. Allowsanextensiontoupdatea userdefinedtask. Affects VConly VConly Pair with Object Rootfolder Rootfolder Effective on Object Rootfolder Rootfolder
Virtual Machine Configuration

Table A-18. Virtual Machine Privileges
Privilege Name AddExisting Disk Description Addsavirtualdiskthatreferstoan existingvirtualdisk. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox AddNewDisk Addsavirtualdiskthatcreatesanew virtualdisk. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox Addor Remove Device Addsorremovesanynondiskdevice. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Virtual machines Effective on Object Virtual machines
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Table A-18. Virtual Machine Privileges (Continued)

Privilege Name Advanced Description ChangesvaluesinextraConfig. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox> Optionstab>AdvancedGeneral option>ConfigurationParameters button ChangeCPU Count Change Resource DiskExtend DiskLease ChangesthenumberofvirtualCPUs. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox Changesresourceconfigurationofaset ofvirtualmachinenodesinagiven resourcepool. Expandsthesizeofavirtualdisk. LeasesdisksforVMwareConsolidated Backup. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. HostUSB Device AttachesahostbasedUSBdevicetoa virtualmachine. Userinterfaceelement>Virtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox Memory Changestheamountofmemory allocatedtothevirtualmachine. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox> Memory ModifyDevice Settings Changesthepropertiesofanexisting device. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox> SCSI/IDEnodeselection RawDevice1 Addsorremovesarawdiskmapping orSCSIpassthroughdevice. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachineProperties>Add/Removeraw diskmapping HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines HCandVC HCandVC Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Virtual machines Effective on Object Virtual machines
Virtual machines Virtual machines Virtual machines Virtual machines
Virtual machines Virtual machines Virtual machines Virtual machines
HCandVC HCandVC
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Table A-18. Virtual Machine Privileges (Continued)

Privilege Name RemoveDisk Description Removesavirtualdiskdevice. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox>Hard Disk(butnotarawdiskmapping) Rename Renamesavirtualmachineormodifies theassociatednotesofavirtual machine. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox, inventory,inventorycontextmenu,File menu,Inventorymenu ResetGuest Information Settings Clearsguestinfovariables. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. Changesgeneralvirtualmachine settings. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox> Optionstab Swap Placement Upgrade Virtual Hardware Changestheswapfileplacementpolicy foravirtualmachine. Upgradesthevirtualmachinesvirtual hardwareversionfromaprevious versionofVMware. Userinterfaceelementcontextmenu, Filemenu(appearsonlyifthe.vmxfile showsalowerconfigurationnumber)
1. Settingthisparameteroverridesanyotherprivilegeformodifyingrawdevices,includingconnectionstates.
Affects HCandVC
Pair with Object Virtual machines
Effective on Object Virtual machines
HCandVC
Virtual machines
Virtual machines
HCandVC
Virtual machines Virtual machines
HCandVC
HCandVC HCandVC
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Virtual Machine Interaction

Table A-19. Virtual Machine Interaction
Privilege Name Answer Question Description Resolvesissueswithvirtualmachine statetransitionsorruntimeerrors. UserinterfaceelementSummarytab, Inventorymenu,contextmenu ConfigureCD Media ChangesthebackingofaCDROM device. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox> DVD/CDROM Configure FloppyMedia Changesthebackingofafloppydevice. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox, SummarytabEditSettings Interactswiththevirtualmachines virtualmouse,keyboard,andscreen; getsscreenshotinformation. UserinterfaceelementConsoletab, toolbarbutton,Inventory>Virtual Machine>OpenConsole,inventory contextmenu Defragment AllDisks Device Connection Defragmentsalldisksonthevirtual machine. Changestheconnectedstateofavirtual machinesdisconnectablevirtual devices. UserinterfaceelementVirtual MachinePropertiesdialogbox, SummarytabEditSettings PowerOff Powersoffapoweredonvirtual machine,shutsdownguest. UserinterfaceelementInventory> VirtualMachine>Power>PowerOff, Summarytab,toolbarbutton,virtual machinecontextmenu HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines HCandVC HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines Virtual machines Virtual machines HCandVC HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Virtual machines Effective on Object Virtual machines
Console Interaction
Virtual machines
Virtual machines
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Table A-19. Virtual Machine Interaction (Continued)

Privilege Name PowerOn Description Powersonapoweredoffvirtual machine,resumesasuspendedvirtual machine. UserinterfaceelementInventory> VirtualMachine>Power>PowerOn, Summarytab,toolbarbutton,virtual machinecontextmenu Reset Resetsvirtualmachineandrebootsthe guestoperatingsystem. UserinterfaceelementInventory> VirtualMachine>Power>Reset, Summarytab,toolbarbutton,virtual machinecontextmenu Suspend Suspendsapoweredonvirtual machine,putsguestinstandbymode. UserinterfaceelementInventory> VirtualMachine>Power>Suspend, Summarytab,toolbarbutton,virtual machinecontextmenu ToolsInstall Mountsandunmountsthe VMware ToolsCDinstallerasa CDROMfortheguestoperating system. UserinterfaceelementInventory> VirtualMachine>Guest> Install/UpgradeVMwareTools,virtual machinecontextmenu HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Virtual machines Effective on Object Virtual machines
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Virtual Machine Inventory

Table A-20. Virtual Machine Inventory Privileges
Privilege Name Create Description Createsanewvirtualmachineand allocatesresourcesforitsexecution. UserinterfaceelementFilemenu, contextmenu,SummarytabNew VirtualMachinelinks Move Relocatesavirtualmachineinthe hierarchy. Privilegemustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. UserinterfaceelementInventory hierarchydraganddropinVirtual Machines&Templatesview Remove Deletesavirtualmachine,optionally removesunderlyingfilesfromdisk. UserinterfaceelementFilemenu, contextmenu,Summarytab HCandVC Virtual machines plusparent folders VConly Virtual machines, parent folders Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Parent folders Effective on Object Virtual machine folders
Virtual machines, virtual machine folders
Virtual machines
Virtual Machine Provisioning

Table A-21. Virtual Machine Provisioning Privileges
Privilege Name AllowDisk Access Description Opensadiskonavirtualmachinefor randomreadandwriteaccess.Used mostlyforremotediskmounting. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. AllowReadOnly DiskAccess Opensadiskonavirtualmachinefor randomreadaccess.Usedmostlyfor remotediskmounting. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. AllowVirtual Machine Download Readsfilesassociatedwithavirtual machine,includingvmx,disks,logs, andnvram. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. HCand VC Virtual machines Rootfolders n/a Virtual machines Virtual machines Affects n/a Pair with Object Virtual machines Effective on Object Virtual machines
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Table A-21. Virtual Machine Provisioning Privileges (Continued)

Privilege Name AllowVirtual MachineFiles Upload Description Writesfilesassociatedwithavirtual machine,includingvmx,disks,logs, andnvram. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. Clone Clonesanexistingvirtualmachineand allocatesresources. UserinterfaceelementInventory> VirtualMachine>Clone,context menu,Summarytab CloneTemplate Clonesatemplate. UserinterfaceelementInventory> VirtualMachine>Template>Clone, contextmenu,VirtualMachinestab CreateTemplate FromVirtual Machine Createsanewtemplatefromavirtual machine. UserinterfaceelementInventory> VirtualMachine>Template>Cloneto Template,contextmenu,Summarytab items Customizesavirtualmachinesguest operatingsystemwithoutmovingthe virtualmachine. UserinterfaceelementCloneVirtual Machinewizard:GuestCustomization DeployTemplate Createsanewvirtualmachinefroma template. UserinterfaceelementDeployto templateFilemenu,contextmenu items,VirtualMachinestab MarkAs Template Marksanexisting,poweredoffvirtual machineasatemplate. UserinterfaceelementInventory> VirtualMachine>Template>Convert toTemplate,contextmenuitems, VirtualMachinestab,Summarytab VConly Virtual machines Virtual machines VConly Virtual machines Virtual machines VConly Virtual machines Virtual machines VConly VConly Virtual machines Virtual machines VConly Virtual machines Virtual machines Affects HCand VC Pair with Object Virtual machines Effective on Object Rootfolders
Virtual machines
Virtual machines
Customize
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Table A-21. Virtual Machine Provisioning Privileges (Continued)

Privilege Name MarkAsVirtual Machine Description Marksanexistingtemplateasavirtual machine. UserinterfaceelementConvertto VirtualMachine...contextmenuitems, VirtualMachinestab Modify Customization Specs Read Customization Specs Creates,modifies,ordeletes customizationspecifications. Userinterfaceelement CustomizationSpecificationsManager Viewsthecustomizationspecifications definedonthesystem. UserinterfaceelementEdit> CustomizationSpecifications VConly Rootfolder Rootfolder VConly Rootfolder Rootfolder Affects VConly Pair with Object Virtual machines Effective on Object Virtual machines
Virtual Machine State

Table A-22. Virtual Machine State Privileges
Privilege Name TakeSnapshot Description Createsanewsnapshotfromthevirtual machinescurrentstate. Userinterfaceelementvirtual machinecontextmenu,toolbarbutton, Inventory>VirtualMachine> Snapshot>TakeSnapshot Remove Snapshot Removesasnapshotfromthesnapshot history. Userinterfaceelementvirtual machinecontextmenu,toolbarbutton, Inventorymenu HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Virtual machines Effective on Object Virtual machines
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Table A-22. Virtual Machine State Privileges (Continued)

Privilege Name Rename Snapshot Description Renamesthissnapshotwitheithera newnameoranewdescriptionorboth. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. RevertTo Snapshot Setsthevirtualmachinetothestateit wasinatagivensnapshot. Userinterfaceelementvirtual machinecontextmenu,toolbarbutton, Inventory>VirtualMachine> Snapshot>ReverttoSnapshot,Virtual Machinestab HCandVC Virtual machines Virtual machines Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Virtual machines Effective on Object Virtual machines
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Files That Make Up a Virtual Machine
Thisappendixcontainsreferenceinformationaboutvirtualmachinefilemanagement. Becausevirtualmachinefilemanagementisperformedautomaticallyby VMware Server,youmightneverneedtoknowthenamesorlocationsofyourvirtual machinefiles. Thisappendixincludesthefollowingtopic: FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachineonpage 323
Files That Make Up a Virtual Machine

Avirtualmachineistypicallystoredonthehostcomputerinasetoffiles,intheworking directorycreatedbyVMwareServerforthatspecificvirtualmachine.TheGeneraltabof theConfigureVMdialogboxinthevirtualmachineSummarytabdisplaysthelocation ofthevirtualmachineworkingdirectoryandthevirtualmachineconfigurationfile. Table B1listsvirtualmachinefiletypes,byfileextension.Intheseexamples, <vm_name>isthenameofthevirtualmachine. Table B-1. Virtual Machine Files
Extension .log File Name vmware.log vmware-<#>.log .nvram <vm_name>.nvram Description Logfilescontaindetailedinformationaboutactions performedinthevirtualmachine.Logfilesareuseful fortroubleshooting. TheNVRAMfilestoresthevirtualmachinesBIOS settings.
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Table B-1. Virtual Machine Files (Continued)

Extension .vmdk File Name Description Virtualdiskfilesstoretheinformationwrittentoa virtualmachinesharddisk,includingtheoperating system,programfiles,anddatafiles.Avirtualdiskis madeupofoneormore.vmdkfiles. Ifyoucreatemorethanonevirtualdisk,the correspondingdiskfilesincludeanumberinthe filenamefollowingthevirtualmachinename. <vm_name>.vmdk <vm_name>_<#>.vmdk <vm_name>.vmdk <vm_name>-flat.vmdk <vm_name>_<#>.vmdk <vm_name>_<#>-flat.vmdk <vm_name>.vmdk <vm_name>-f<###>.vmdk <vm_name>_<#>.vmdk <vm_name>_<#>-f<###>.vmdk <vm_name>.vmdk <vm_name>-s<###>.vmdk <vm_name>_<#>.vmdk <vm_name>_<#>-s<###>.vmdk <vm_name>-<######>.vmdk <vm_name>_<#>-<######>.vmdk Redologfilesstorechangestodisksthatare includedinsnapshots.Theseredofilesaresaved whenthevirtualmachineispoweredofforreset. Whenyoureverttothesnapshot,thecontentsofthe redologarediscarded.Anyadditionalchangesare, onceagain,accumulatedinanewredolog. Redologfilesthatstorechangestononpersistent disksarepresentwhilethevirtualmachineis running,andarediscardedwhenthevirtual machineispoweredofforreset. Growablevirtualdiskfilessplitinto2GBchunks. Thenumberoffilesdependsonthetotalsizeofthe virtualdisk.Asdataisaddedtoavirtualdisk,the .vmdk filesgrow,toamaximumof2GBeach. Growabledisksincreaseinsizeasdataisadded. Growablediskfilesuseasmallamountofspaceat thebeginningofthefileforvirtualmachine overhead. Preallocateddisksarecreatedattheirmaximumsize anddonotgrow. Twofilesarecreatedforeachpreallocatedvirtual disk.Thefilewithoutflatinthenamecontains metadataaboutthecorrespondingdiskfile. Preallocatedvirtualdiskfilessplitinto2GBchunks. Thenumberoffilesdependsonthetotalsizeofthe virtualdisk.Asdataisaddedtoavirtualdisk,the .vmdk filesgrow,toamaximumof2GBeach.
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Appendix B Files That Make Up a Virtual Machine
Table B-1. Virtual Machine Files (Continued)

Extension .vmem File Name <vm_name>.vmem Description Thevirtualmemorypagingfilebacksuptheguest mainmemoryonthehostfilesystem.(Thevirtual machineusesthephysicalmemoryonthehost.)The pagingfileispresentwhileavirtualmachineis running,andisdeletedwhenavirtualmachineis poweredoffnormally. Thesnapshotmemoryfilestoresthestateofthe virtualmachinesmemoryforasnapshottakenwhen avirtualmachineispoweredon. Storesmetadataandinformationaboutsnapshots. Storesthestateofavirtualmachineatthetimeyou takethesnapshot. Storesthestateofasuspendedvirtualmachine. Theprimaryvirtualmachineconfigurationfile storessettingschosenintheNewVirtualMachine wizardandtheConfigureVMdialogbox. Donoteditthevirtualmachineconfigurationfile directly.Instead,usetheAdvancedtabofthe ConfigureVMdialogbox.SeeChangingVirtual MachineAdvancedSettingsonpage 127. .vmxf .lck <vm_name>.vmxf <paging_file>.vmem.lck <redo_file>.vmdk.lck <disk_file>.vmdk.lck Supplementaryvirtualmachineconfigurationfile. Lockfilespreventdataconsistencyproblemson virtualdisks.Lockfilesarepresentwhileavirtual machineisrunning,andaredeletedwhenavirtual machineispoweredoffnormally. Ifthehostsystemcrasheswhileavirtualmachineis running,astalelockoftenremains.Whenthevirtual machineisstartedagain,itattemptstoremovethe stalelock.Toverifythatthelockfileisstale, VMware Serverconfirmsthat:

<vm_name>-Snapshot<#>.vmem
.vmsd .vmsn .vmss .vmx
<vm_name>.vmsd <vm_name>-Snapshot<#>.vmsn <vm_name>.vmss <vm_name>.vmx
Thelockwascreatedonthesamehostwherethe virtualmachineisrunning. Theprocessthatcreatedthelockisnotrunning.
Ifeitherofthoseconditionsisnottrue,awarning messageappears,indicatingthatthevirtualmachine cannotbepoweredon.Ifyouaresureitissafetodo so,youcandeletethelockfilesmanually.
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Glossary
alarm Anentitythatmonitorsoneormorepropertiesofavirtualmachine,suchasCPU load.Alarmsissuenotificationsasdirectedbytheconfigurablealarmdefinition. authorizationrole Asetofprivilegesgroupedforconvenientidentificationundernamessuchas Administrator.
BIOS(basicinput/outputsystem) Firmwarethatcontrolsmachinestartupandmanagescommunicationbetweenthe CPUandotherdevices,suchasthekeyboard,monitor,printers,anddiskdrives. bridgednetworking Inhostedproducts,atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineand thehostsphysicalnetwork.Withbridgednetworking,avirtualmachineappears tobeanadditionalcomputeronthesamephysicalEthernetnetworkasthehost. Seealsocustomnetworking,hostonlynetworking,NAT(networkaddress translation).
child Amanagedentitygroupedbyafolderobjectoranothermanagedentity.Seealso folder. cluster Aservergroupinthevirtualenvironment.Clustersenableahighavailability solution.
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customnetworking Anytypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenvirtualmachinesandthehostthatdoes notusethedefaultbridged,hostonly,ornetworkaddresstranslation(NAT) configurations.Forinstance,differentvirtualmachinescanbeconnectedtothe hostbyseparatenetworksorconnectedtoeachotherandnottothehost.Any networktopologyispossible.Seealsobridgednetworking,hostonlynetworking, NAT(networkaddresstranslation).
DE
datastore Virtualrepresentationsofcombinationsofunderlyingphysicalstorageresources. Adatastoreisthestoragelocationforvirtualmachinefiles.Thestoragelocation canbethelocalfilesystem,aCIFSstore(Windowsonly),oranNFSmountedfile system(Linuxonly). diskmode Apropertyofavirtualdiskthatdefinesitsexternalbehavior(howthe virtualizationlayertreatsitsdata)butiscompletelyinvisibletotheguestoperating system.Availablemodesvarybyproductandincludepersistentmode(changesto thediskarealwayspreservedacrosssessions)andnonpersistentmode(changes areneverpreserved).
folder Amanagedentityusedtogroupothermanagedentities.Foldertypesare determinedbythekindsofchildentitiestheycontain.Seealsochild. FQDN(fullyqualifieddomainname) Thenameofahost,includingboththehostnameandthedomainname.For example,theFQDNofahostnamedesx1inthedomainvmware.comis esx1.vmware.com. fullscreenmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillstheentirescreen.
group Asetofusersassignedacommonsetofprivileges.Agroupmaycontainother groups. growabledisk Atypeofvirtualdiskinwhichthediskspaceisnotpreallocatedtoitsfullsize.Its filesstartoutsmallinsizeandgrowasdataiswrittentothedisk.Seealso preallocateddisk.
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Glossary
guestoperatingsystem Anoperatingsystemthatrunsinsideavirtualmachine.Seealsohostoperating system.
host ThephysicalcomputeronwhichtheVMwareServersoftwareisinstalled. hostagent Softwarethat,wheninstalledonavirtualmachinehost,performsactionsonbehalf ofaremoteclient. hostedproducts VMwareproducts(includingWorkstation,VMwarePlayer,VMwareServer, VMwareACE,andLabManager)thatrunasapplicationsonphysicalmachines withoperatingsystemssuchasMicrosoftWindowsorLinux.Bycomparison,ESX isabaremetalproduct,whichprovidesathinsoftwarelayer(thehypervisor) thatenablesittorundirectlyonthephysicalmachine. hostonlynetworking Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandthehost.With hostonlynetworking,avirtualmachineisconnectedtothehostonaprivate network,whichnormallyisnotvisibleoutsidethehost.Multiplevirtualmachines configuredwithhostonlynetworkingonthesamehostareonthesamenetwork. Seealsobridgednetworking,customnetworking,NAT(networkaddress translation). hostoperatingsystem Anoperatingsystemthatrunsonthehostmachine.Seealsoguestoperating system.
I-L
IDE Acronymforintegrateddriveelectronics,astandardelectronicinterfaceusedto connectmassstoragedevicestoacomputer.TheANSInameforIDEisAdvanced TechnologyAttachment(ATA). independentdisk Atypeofvirtualdiskthatisnotaffectedbysnapshots.Youcanconfigure independentdisksinpersistentandnonpersistentmodes.Seealsononpersistent mode,persistentmode,snapshot.
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inventory AhierarchicalstructureusedbyVMwareServertoorganizemanagedentities. Thishierarchyispresentedasalistthatprovidesaviewofallthemonitored objects.
managedentity Amanagedobjectthatispresentintheinventory.Seealsoinventory. MKS(mouse,keyboard,screen) Asetofbasicinputoutputservicesforuserinteractionwithavirtualmachine. MSCS(MicrosoftClusterService) Softwarethatdistributesdataamongthenodesofthecluster.Ifonenodefails, othernodesprovidefailoversupportforapplicationssuchasdatabases,file servers,andmailservers.
N-O
NAT(networkaddresstranslation)
In hosted networking, a type of network connection that enables you to connect your virtual machines to an external network when you have only one IP network address and the host computer uses that address. The VMware NAT device passes network data between one or more virtual machines and the external network. It identifies incoming data packets intended for each virtual machine and sends them to the correct destination.
NetBIOS(networkbasicinput/outputsystem) AnAPIthatenablesapplicationsondifferentcomputerstocommunicateacrossa LAN.NetBIOSprovidesthenameserviceandofferstwocommunicationmodes: sessionserviceforconnectionorientedcommunicationanddatagramdistribution serviceforconnectionlesscommunication. NIC(networkinterfacecard) Anexpansionboardthatprovidesadedicatedconnectionbetweenacomputer andanetwork.Alsocalledanetworkadapter. nonpersistentmode Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual machineappeartobewrittentotheindependentdiskbutareinfactdiscarded afterthevirtualmachineispoweredoff.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldisk inindependentnonpersistentmodeisnotmodifiedbyactivityinthevirtual machine.Seealsodiskmode,persistentmode.
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Glossary
P-Q
permission Adataobjectconsistingofanauthorizationrole,auserorgroupname,anda managedentityreference.Apermissionallowsaspecifiedusertoaccesstheentity (suchasavirtualmachine)withanyoftheprivilegespertainingtotherole. persistentmode Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual machineareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentoavirtualdiskthathasbeen configuredasanindependentdisk.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldiskin independentpersistentmodebehaveslikeaconventionaldiskdriveonaphysical computer.Seealsodiskmode,nonpersistentmode. preallocateddisk Atypeofvirtualdiskwherealldiskspaceforthevirtualmachineisallocatedat thetimethediskiscreated.Seealsogrowabledisk. privilege Authorizationtoperformaspecificactionorsetofactionsonamanagedobjector groupofmanagedobjects.
readonlyuser Aroleinwhichtheuserisallowedtoviewtheinventorybutnotallowedto performanytasks. resume Toreturnavirtualmachinetooperationfromitssuspendedstate.Whenyou resumeasuspendedvirtualmachine,allapplicationsareinthesamestatethey werewhenthevirtualmachinewassuspended.Seealsosuspend. role Adefinedsetofprivilegesthatcanbeassignedtousersandgroupstocontrol accesstoVMwareServerobjects.
S-T
shrink Toreclaimunusedspaceinavirtualdisk.Ifadiskhasemptyspace,shrinking reducestheamountofspacethevirtualdiskoccupiesonthehostdrive.Youcannot shrinkpreallocatedvirtualdisks.
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snapshot Areproductionofthevirtualmachinejustasitwaswhenyoutookthesnapshot, includingthevirtualmachinespowerstate(on,off,orsuspended).Ifthevirtual harddisksarenotsettoindependentmode,asnapshotalsoincludesthestateof thedataonallthevirtualmachinesdisks.Youcantakeasnapshotwhenavirtual machineispoweredon,poweredoff,orsuspended.Seealsoindependentdisk. suspend Tosavethecurrentstateofarunningvirtualmachine.Toreturnasuspended virtualmachinetooperation,usetheresumefeature.Seealsoresume.
user Auserisaprincipalknowntothesystem.
VZ
virtualdisk Afileorsetoffilesthatappearsasaphysicaldiskdrivetoaguestoperating system.Thesefilescanbeonthehostmachineoronaremotefilesystem.Seealso growabledisk,preallocateddisk. virtualhardware Thedevicesthatmakeupavirtualmachine.Thevirtualhardwareincludesthe virtualdisk,removabledevicessuchastheCD/DVDandfloppydrives,andthe virtualEthernetadapter. virtualmachine Avirtualizedx86PCenvironmentinwhichaguestoperatingsystemand associatedapplicationsoftwarecanrun.Multiplevirtualmachinescanoperateon thesamehostmachineconcurrently. virtualmachineadministrator Aroleinwhichtheuserisallowedtoperformallthevirtualmachinemanagement functions. virtualmachineconfiguration Thespecificationofwhichvirtualdevices,suchasdisksandmemory,arepresent inavirtualmachineandhowtheyaremappedtohostfilesanddevices. virtualmachineconfigurationfile Afilecontainingavirtualmachineconfiguration.This.vmxfileiscreatedwhen youcreatethevirtualmachine.Itisusedtoidentifyandrunaspecificvirtual machine.
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Glossary
virtualmachineuser Aroleinwhichtheuserisallowedtoperformpoweroperationsonvirtual machines. virtualnetwork Anetworkconnectingvirtualmachinesthatdoesnotdependonphysical hardwareconnections.Forexample,youcancreateavirtualnetworkbetweena virtualmachineandahostthathasnoexternalnetworkconnections. virtualnetworkeditor Aneditorthatrunsonthehostandisusedtoviewandmodifythenetworking settingsforthevirtualnetworkscreatedbyVMwareServer. VMwareauthorizationservice TheservicethatVMwareServeremploystoauthenticateusers.Theprocessis calledvmwareauthdonLinuxhosts.
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Index
A
About menu option VI Web Access 54 About tab VMware Tools 95 acceleration enabling and disabling in guest 128, 280 hardware in Windows Server 2003 282 access inventory objects 201 permissions 206 privileges 299 rules for inheritance 208 rules for propagation 208 Add Hardware wizard adding CD/DVD drives 151 adding floppy drives 154 adding generic SCSI devices 157 adding hard disks 144 adding network adapters 223 adding parallel ports 177 adding passthrough SCSI devices 157 adding serial ports 166 adding sound adapters 165 adding USB controllers 159 using the wizard 137 virtual machine power state 137
adding CD/DVD drives 151 datastores 110 floppy drives 154 generic SCSI devices 157 hard disks 144 host virtual adapters 227 network adapters 223 parallel ports 177 passthrough SCSI devices 157 permissions 206 roles 204 serial ports 166 sound adapters 165 USB controllers 159 virtual machine to inventory 108 add-on VMware Remote Console 52 addresses assigning IP 231 assigning MAC 234 assigning MAC manually 235 IP on virtual network 230 network address translation 248 using DHCP to assign on virtual network 230 Advanced tab VI Web Access 127 alarms privileges 300
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assigning IP addresses 230 MAC addresses 234 ATAPI emulation 150 audio in virtual machines 31, 165 AudioPCI sound adapter 165 automatic bridging 226, 268
B
background snapshots enabling and disabling 115 backups restoring from snapshot 120 restoring quiesced 120 taking quiesced 118 taking using VSS 118 BIOS NVRAM file in virtual machine 323 provided in virtual machine 28 setup when virtual machine boots 125 bridged networking configuring 225 explained 212 Bridging tab in virtual network editor 268 BusLogic SCSI driver 29, 63, 159
C
CD/DVD drives accessing directly 151 adding 151 autorun polling in virtual machines 281 connecting and disconnecting 132 editing 152 IDE system requirements 29 removing 153
SCSI system requirements 29 using ATAPI emulation 150 CIFS datastores 110 client devices connecting and disconnecting 132 clock real-time on Linux host 41 synchronize guest and host 93, 126 clustering applications 288 cluster in a box 291 configuring virtual machines 292 overview 287 software requirements 288 two-node cluster 293 command-line interface for VIX API 139 for VMware Tools 104 configuring advanced virtual machine options 127 automatic bridging 226, 268 bridged networking 225 CD/DVD drives 150 custom virtual networks 219 DHCP on Linux host 231 DHCP on Windows host 231 DHCP settings 227, 269 floppy drives 154 groups 203 hard disks 141 host virtual network mapping 226 memory size in virtual machines 277 NAT 251 NAT on Linux host 257 NAT settings 270 network adapters 222 parallel ports 177
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Index
processors in virtual machines 279 SCSI controllers 159 SCSI devices 156 second bridged network on a Linux host 237 serial ports 166 sound adapters 164 USB controllers 159 users 203 virtual machine file settings 129 virtual network subnet settings 227 virtual networking settings 267 virtual networks 211, 215, 222 VMware Tools scripts 125 connecting CD/DVD drives 132 floppy drives 132 floppy image files 132 ISO image files 132 USB devices 160 Console tab VI Web Access 52 console, virtual machine 52, 53 core files 16 CPU host requirement 24 provided in virtual machines 28 See also processors 279 creating CD/DVD drives 151 datastores 110 floppy drives 154 generic SCSI devices 157 hard disks 144 network adapters 223 parallel ports 177 passthrough SCSI devices 157 permissions 206
roles 204 serial ports 166 sound adapters 165 USB controllers 159 virtual machines 59 VMware Remote Console shortcuts 134 Web shortcuts for virtual machines 133 Creative Labs 31, 165
D
datacenters privileges 301 datastores adding 110 managing 110 removing 112 renaming 111 DDNS 236 debugging effect on performance 281 enabling and disabling virtual machine 127 default scripts for VMware Tools 97 defragmenting physical host disks 274 virtual disks 147, 280 deleting CD/DVD drives 153 datastores 112 floppy drives 156 hard disks 146 network adapters 225 parallel ports 179 permissions 208 roles 205 serial ports 170 sound adapters 166
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USB controllers 160 virtual machines 108, 130 desktop shortcut for VMware Server 38 device drivers BusLogic SCSI 63 LSI Logic SCSI 63 VMware Tools 74 devices configuring SCSI in virtual machines 156 connecting and disconnecting in VMware Remote Console 132 connecting and disconnecting in VMware Tools 94 disconnecting USB 164 using USB in virtual machines 161 Devices menu VMware Remote Console 132 Devices tab VMware Tools 94 DHCP assigning IP addresses on a virtual network 230 changing settings 227 configuring in virtual network editor 269 configuring on a Linux host 231 configuring on a Windows host 231 on a virtual network with NAT 249 server on virtual network 217, 218 servers 214 troubleshooting on a Linux host 236 DHCP tab in virtual network editor 269 dhcpd 236 dial-up connections 233 direct memory access See DMA
disconnecting CD/DVD drives 132 floppy drives 132 floppy image files 132 ISO image files 132 USB devices 164 disk space required on host computer 24 disks defragmenting 147 DMA and performance 283 growable 62, 142 IDE drives in virtual machines 29 IDE drives supported in host 24 preallocated 62, 142 SCSI drives in virtual machines 29 SCSI drives supported in host 24 shrinking 147 types supported in host 24 DMA and disk performance 283, 284 DNS 249 drivers BusLogic SCSI 63 LSI Logic SCSI 63 video, in older versions of Windows 77 DVD drives optical drives supported in host 25 supported in virtual machines 150 See also CD/DVD drives dynamic domain name service 236
E
editing CD/DVD drives 152 floppy drives 155 generic SCSI devices 158 hard disks 145 network adapters 224
VMware, Inc.
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Index
parallel ports 178 passthrough SCSI devices 158 permissions 207 roles 205 SCSI controllers 159 serial ports 169 sound adapters 165 Ethernet adapters See network adapters events virtual machine 57 VMware Server 57 Events tab VI Web Access 57 exiting VMware Remote Console 133 extensions privileges 302
F
fault tolerance in networks 225 files BIOS in virtual machines 323 redo log 324 sharing on a Linux host using Samba 258 snapshot 325 suspended state 325 used by a virtual machine 323 virtual disk 324 virtual machine configuration 325 virtual machine locking 325 virtual machine log 323 Firefox requirements for VI Web Access 27 requirements for VMware Remote Console 27 using VMware Remote Console 52 firewall 255
floppy drives adding 154 connecting and disconnecting editing 155 removing 156 supported in virtual machines floppy images adding 154 connecting and disconnecting editing 155 removing 156 supported in virtual machines folders privileges 303 FreeBSD VMware Tools for 86 FTP 250 full screen mode entering 131 leaving 131
132
30
132
30
G
gated server processes 235 General tab VI Web Access 124 generating VMware Remote Console shortcuts 134 Web shortcuts for virtual machines 133 generic SCSI devices 156 adding 157 editing 158 removing 158 global privileges 303 graphics support in virtual machine 29 groups 201 managing 203
VMware, Inc.
339
growable virtual disks 62, 142 guest operating system defined 23 installing 68 interacting with 131 pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del 131 supported 31 upgrading 71
hosts CIM privileges 305 configuration privileges 306 inventory privileges 308 local operations privileges 309 host-wide settings 113, 115
I
ICMP 250 IDE drives in virtual machines 29 drives supported in host 24 importing virtual machines 108 independent virtual disks 63 installing disk space requirements 24 guest operating system 68 Linux guests in text mode 279 on Linux host 41 on Windows host 37 software in a virtual machine 138 VMware Remote Console addon 52 VMware Server 35 VMware Server silently on Windows hosts 39 VMware Tools 76 VMware Tools silently on Windows guests 78 Internet Explorer requirements for VI Web Access 27 requirements for VMware Remote Console 27 using VMware Remote Console 52 inventory access to objects 201 inventory panel VI Web Access 48 Iomega zip drives and parallel ports 184
H
hard disks adding 144 editing 145 removing 146 hardware version of virtual machines 61, 72 heartbeat and clustering virtual machines 292 host computer disk space required 24 system requirements 23 host operating system defined 23 supported Linux 26 supported Windows 25 host virtual adapters adding 227 disabling 227 enabling 227 removing 227 Host Virtual Adapters tab in virtual network editor 269 Host Virtual Mapping tab in virtual network editor 268 host virtual network mapping 226, 268 host-only networking basic configuration 218 selecting IP addresses 230
340
VMware, Inc.
Index
IP address assigning 231 IP forwarding 233 ISO images connecting and disconnecting 132
K
kernel upgrades and VMware Server 42 key code mappings 187 keyboards mapping on a Linux host 184 keysym defined 185 mapping 187
VI Web Access 17 virtual machine 16 VMware Authorization Service 16 VMware host agent 16 VMware Remote Console 17 logging enabling and disabling 127 logging in access permissions 201 to VI Web Access 48 logging out VI Web Access 57 LSI Logic SCSI devices 29 LSI Logic SCSI driver 63, 159
L
leaking IP packets in host-only network 232 IP packets in virtual machine 233 licensing, serial number and 39 Linux guests performance 279 VMware Tools for 80, 82 Linux hosts installing VMware Server 41 performance 274 supported operating systems 26 uninstalling VMware Server on 43 location virtual machine configuration file 124, 323 working directory 124, 323 .lck file 325 locking snapshots 126 .log file 323 log files authorization service 16 host agent 16
M
MAC addresses 234, 235 managing datastores 110 groups 203 users 203 mappings key code 187 keyboard 184 keysym 187 memory amount required on host 24 available in virtual machine 29 choosing for best performance 277 configuring 277 editing 277 host-wide settings 113, 275 reserving for virtual machines 113 setting when creating virtual machine 61 swapping in host 114 virtual machine memory size 277
VMware, Inc.
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menu options VI Web Access 54 virtual machine 54 message log viewing VMware Remote Console 133 MIDI 164 MMU 128 modifying CD/DVD drives 152 floppy drives 155 hard disks 145 network adapters 224 parallel ports 178 permissions 207 SCSI controllers 159 serial ports 169 sound adapters 165 mouse driver installed by VMware Tools 74 MP3 164 Mylex SCSI adapter 29
N
named pipe 168, 171, 172, 173, 175 NAT advanced configuration 251 and DHCP 249 and DNS 249 and the host computer 249 configuring 270 external access from a NAT network 250 on virtual networks 216, 248 sample configuration file for Linux host 257 selecting IP addresses 230 NAT tab in virtual network editor 270
nat.conf 252, 257 NetWare, Novell 96 network adapters adding virtual 223 editing virtual 224 removing virtual 225 teaming 226, 238 networks automatic bridging 226 changing DHCP settings 227 changing subnet settings 227 changing the configuration 222 common configurations 215 components 213 configuring 211 configuring automatic bridging 268 configuring bridged 225 configuring DHCP 269 configuring NAT 270 configuring options 267 custom configurations 219 DHCP 230 DHCP server 214 dial-up connections 233 dynamic domain name service 236 fault tolerance 225 hardware addresses 234 host virtual network mapping 226 host-only 218 host-only subnet 230 IP forwarding 233 IP packet leaks 232, 233 MAC addresses 234 managing host virtual adapters 269 mapping bridged adapters 268 NAT 216, 248 NAT as firewall 255 NAT subnet 230
342
VMware, Inc.
Index
overview of virtual network options 212 packet filtering 233 privileges 310 promiscuous mode on a Linux host 247 refreshing virtual 223 routing between two host-only networks 243 routing on a Linux host 235 Samba 258 second bridged network on a Linux host 237 switches 213 teamed NICs 226, 238 token ring 217 troubleshooting DHCP on a Linux host 236 two host-only networks 240 virtual adapters 214 virtual DHCP server 217, 218 Virtual Network Editor 231 virtual switches 213 NFS datastores 110 NFS root squash option 110 NICS See network adapters nonpersistent virtual disks 63 NTBackup 118 NVRAM file for BIOS settings 323
overview VI Web Access 48
P
packets filtering 233 leaks in host-only network 232 leaks in virtual machine 233 parallel ports adding 177 and Iomega zip drives 184 and the Linux kernel 180 configuring on a Linux host 180 editing 178 in a virtual machine 179 removing 179 paravirtualization 128 passthrough SCSI devices 156 adding 157 editing 158 removing 158 passwords in Samba password file 263 PCI slots in virtual machine 29 limits 29 performance CD/DVD drive autorun polling 281 debugging mode 281 disk options 283 DMA and disks 283 eliminating snapshots 280 installing applications in a guest 280 Linux guests 279 memory settings 277 memory usage 275, 277 privileges 310 remote disk access 280
O
operating system installing guest 68 supported guest 31 supported Linux host 26 supported Windows host 25 Options tab VMware Tools 93
VMware, Inc.
343
Windows 2000 guest 282 Windows 95 and Windows 98 guests 283 permissions 201, 206 access 206 creating 206 editing 207 hierarchy of 208 privileges 311 removing 208 settings, multiple 208 persistent virtual disks 63 physical disks storing virtual disks on 64, 143 ping 250 pipe, named 168, 171, 172, 173, 175 plug-in VMware Remote Console 52 power off snapshot options 127, 199 power state changing virtual machine 122 current virtual machine 51 Power tab VI Web Access 125 preallocated virtual disks 62, 142 privileges 201, 299 alarms 300 configuration 306 datacenter 301 extension 302 folders 303 global 303 host CIM 305 host inventory 308 host local operations 309 network 310 performance 310 permission 311
344
resource 311 scheduled tasks 313 sessions 313 tasks 314 virtual machine 319 virtual machine configuration 314 virtual machine interaction 317 virtual machine provisioning 319 virtual machine state 321 processor count configuring 279 maximum in virtual machine 279 setting when creating virtual machine 62 processors host requirement 24 provided in virtual machines 28 product compatibility 61 product registration 15 promiscuous mode 247 PXE image file 36, 62
Q
quiesced backups 118 quiet mode, install VMware Tools 78 quitting VMware Remote Console 133
R
RAM amount required on host 24 available in virtual machine 29 Real Media 164 real-time clock requirement on Linux host 41 redo-log files 324 refreshing virtual network 223 registration 15
VMware, Inc.
Index
Remote Console See VMware Remote Console removing CD/DVD drives 153 datastores 112 floppy drives 156 generic SCSI devices 158 hard disks 146 host virtual adapters 227 network adapters 225 parallel ports 179 passthrough SCSI devices 158 permissions 208 roles 205 serial ports 170 sound adapters 166 USB controllers 160 USB devices 164 virtual machines from inventory 108, 130 renaming datastores 111 roles 205 repairing VMware Tools installations 91 reporting problems 15 resources privileges 311 resuming virtual machines 193 roles 201 configuring 203 creating 204 default 204 editing 205 managing 203 privileges, lists of 299 removing 205 renaming 205
VMware, Inc.
routed server processes 235 routing between two host-only networks 243 for a host-only network on a Linux host 235 RPM installer for VMware Server 42 for VMware Tools 80, 82 running suspended virtual machines 193
S
Samba already running on a Linux host 264 and file sharing on a Linux host 258 and printer sharing 259 CIFS datastores 110 on both bridged and host-only networks 265 password file 263 running two Samba servers 265 sample configuration file 259, 261, 265 saving virtual machine state 193, 195 scan code 185 scheduled tasks privileges 313 scripts creating custom VMware Tools 99 enabling, disabling, and running 94 running and disabling 100 running during power state changes 97 VMware Tools 125 Scripts tab VMware Tools 94 SCSI controller 159
345
SCSI devices adding 157 editing 158 generic 156 host requirement 24 in virtual machine 29 passthrough 156 removing 158 SCSI reservation and clustering 288 enabling 289 issues to consider 291 preallocated virtual disks 288 sharing SCSI disks 288 support 289 serial connections between host application and virtual machine 170 between two virtual machines 172 changing input speed 176 to a serial port on the host 170 yielding CPU on poll 176 serial number 15, 36, 39, 54 serial ports adding 166 configuring 170 editing 169 example usage 170 removing 170 using 170 servers DHCP 214, 227, 231, 236, 249, 256 DNS 236, 249, 252, 271 Samba 258 WINS 250, 255 service VSS Writer 118 sessions privileges 313
346
Shared Folders tab VMware Tools 95 sharing files on a Linux host with Samba 258 shortcut, desktop, for VMware Server 38 Shrink tab VMware Tools 95 shrinking virtual disks 95, 147 virtual disks in Netware 96 shutting down host-wide virtual machine settings 115 order of virtual machines 117 smb.conf file 259, 261, 265 Snapshot tab VI Web Access 126 snapshots as background activity 115, 197 eliminating for performance 280 excluding virtual disks from 198 files for storing 325 host-wide settings 115 locking 126 power-off options 127, 199 removing 199 reverting to 199 taking 198 using with VSS backups 119 virtual machine 195 Solaris VMware Tools for 84 sound configuring in virtual machines 164 Sound Blaster 165 support in guest 31
VMware, Inc.
Index
sound adapters adding 165 device compatibility 164 drivers for Windows guests 165 editing 165 removing 166 sound drivers 165 specifications for virtual machines 28 starting suspended virtual machines 193 virtual machines automatically 116 startup host-wide virtual machine settings 115 order of virtual machines 117 startup commands used by VMware Tools 102 startup scripts using VMware Tools 101 statistics enabling and disabling 128 stopping order of virtual machines 117 subnet changing settings 227 in NAT configuration 230 on host-only networks 230 Summary tab 51 in virtual network editor 267 VI Web Access 51 supported guest operating systems 31 supported host operating systems Linux 26 Windows 25 suspending virtual machine files storing state 325 virtual machines 193
SVGA drivers installing in Windows guests 77 SVGA graphics support 29 swap space on a Linux host 274 switches virtual networks 213 system requirements 23 memory 24 processors 24 remote client 27 VI Web Access 27 VMware Remote Console 27
T
tabs in VI Web Access 49 in VMware Tools control panel 91 tar installer for VMware Server 41 for VMware Tools 82 tasks privileges 314 virtual machine 56 VMware Server 56 Tasks tab VI Web Access 56 teamed network interface cards 226, 238 telnet 250 time synchronization, between guest and host 93, 126 time.synchronize options for VMware Tools 93 token ring networks 217 toolbar power operations 122 USB controller 160 tools See VMware Tools
VMware, Inc.
347
U
uninstalling host virtual adapters 227 VMware Server on Linux host 43 VMware Server on Windows host 41 VMware Tools 91 unplugging USB devices 164 updating guest operating system 71 virtual machine hardware version 72 upgrading guest operating system 71 Linux kernel, reconfiguring VMware Server after 42 virtual machine hardware version 72 USB connecting devices 160 control of devices by host and guest 163 devices in a virtual machine 161 disconnecting devices 164 enabling and disabling the controller 159 on a Linux host 163 on a Windows host 162 port specifications 30 supported device types 161 USB 1.1 161 USB 2.0 161 USB controllers adding 159 removing 160 users configuring 203 managing 203
V
VGA graphics support 29 VI Web Access changing guest operating system 124 changing virtual machine name 124 changing virtual machine power settings 109, 125 configuring VMware Tools scripts 125 Events tab 57 General tab 124 inventory panel 48 log files 17 logging in 48 logging out 57 managing virtual machine inventory 108 menu options 54 overview 48 Power tab 125 setting guest operating system 124 setting snapshot options 126 setting virtual machine name 124 setting virtual machine power options 125 Snapshot tab 126 Summary tab 51 Tasks tab 56 Virtual Machines tab 109 workspace 48 Virtual Appliance Marketplace 36, 54 Virtual Disk Manager 149 virtual disks adding 144 allocating space 142 caching 64 constituent files 324 defragmenting 147, 280
348
VMware, Inc.
Index
editing 145 growable 62, 142 independent mode 63 nonpersistent 63 persistent 63 preallocated 62, 142 removing 146 SCSI drivers 63 setting maximum size 142 shrinking 95, 147 shrinking in Netware 96 size 29 storing on physical disks 64, 143 Virtual Disk Manager 149 Virtual Machine Communication Interface (VMCI) 74 virtual machines adding CD/DVD drives 151 adding floppy drives 154 adding hard disks 144 adding parallel ports 177 adding serial ports 166 adding sound adapters 165 adding to inventory 108 adding USB controllers 159 and SMP 278 changing guest operating system 124 changing power settings 109, 125 changing snapshot settings 126 changing the name of 124 choosing datastore location 59 configuration file 325 configuration file location 124, 323 configuration file parameters 129 configuration privileges 314 configuring memory 277 configuring processor count 279 configuring SCSI controllers 159
VMware, Inc.
configuring sound 165 configuring sound adapters 164 console to interact with guest 52, 53 constituent files 323 creating 59 creating virtual disks 62 creating VMware Remote Console shortcuts 134 creating Web shortcuts 133 default location 59 deleting 108, 130 deleting floppy drives 156 editing CD/DVD drives 152 editing floppy drives 155 editing hard disks 145 editing parallel ports 178 editing serial ports 169 editing sound adapters 165 entering BIOS setup at boot 125 events 57 generating VMware Remote Console shortcuts 134 generating Web shortcuts 133 hardware specifications 28 hardware version 61, 72 host-wide settings 115 IDE drives in 29 importing 108 installing software in 138 interaction privileges 317 inventory of 108 inventory privileges 319 location 59 log files 323 managing inventory 108 memory settings 61 menu options 54 performing disk maintenance 147 platform specifications 28
349
power operations 122 processor settings 62 product compatibility 61 provisioning privileges 319 removing CD/DVD drives 153 removing floppy drives 156 removing from inventory 108, 130 removing hard disks 146 removing parallel ports 179 removing serial ports 170 removing sound adapters 166 removing USB controllers 160 resuming 193 setting guest operating system 124 setting power options 125 setting shutdown order 117 setting snapshot options 126 setting startup order 117 setting the name of 124 starting automatically 116 state privileges 321 status information 51 summary information 51 summary view 51 suspending 193 tasks 56 working directory location 124, 323 Virtual Machines tab VI Web Access 109 virtual network adapters 214 Virtual Network Editor 267 virtual networks adding adapters 223 changing the configuration 222 components 213 configuring 211 configuring in virtual network editor 267 DHCP server 218
350
editing adapters 224 refreshing 223 removing adapters 225 teamed NICs 226 Virtual SMP 278 virtual switches 213 VIX API 23, 139 VMCI Sockets interface 139 .vmdk file 324 .vmem file 325 VMI (Virtual Machine Interface) 128 vmnet1.conf 237 VMnet8 248 vmrun 139 .vmsd file 325 .vmsn file 325 .vmss file 325 vmvsswriter.cfg file 119 VMware Authorization Service default port 43 log 16 vmware-config.pl 42 VMware host agent log 16 VMware Remote Console 17 desktop shortcuts 134 full screen mode 131 installing Web browser add-on 52 interacting with guest 131 powering off 132 quitting 133 resetting 132 shortcuts 134 starting 53 viewing message log 133 VMware Remote Console shortcuts 134 VMware Server host-wide settings 113 logging in 48
VMware, Inc.
Index
logging out 57 serial number for 39 VMware Tools 126 About tab 95 automated install 78 command-line interface 104 configuring 91 configuring in a Netware virtual machine 96 control panel 91 device drivers 74 Devices tab 94 for FreeBSD guests 86 for Linux guests 80, 82 for Solaris guests 84 installing 76 installing from the command line with the RPM installer 82 installing from the command line with the tar installer 82 installing in Windows guests 76 interacting with VSS 118 modifying installation 91 Options tab 93 repairing installation 91 running 122 running scripts during power state changes 97 Scripts tab 94 Shared Folders tab 95 Shrink tab 95 silent install 78 taskbar icon, displaying 92 uninstalling 91 using from command line 96 VMware user process 75 vmwtool commands 96 VMware Tools scripts 125
VMware Tools service executing commands on halt or reboot 101 overview of 74 passing strings from the host 101 VMware user process, in VMware Tools 75 vmware-user, starting manually 89 vmware-config.pl file 42 vmwtool program 96 .vmx file 325 .vmxf file 325 Volume Shadow Copy Service 118 v-scan code defined 185 table of codes 188 VSS 118
W
.wav file 164 Web shortcuts creating 133 generating 133 Windows Backup 118 Windows credential manager 111 Windows hosts installing VMware Server 37 uninstalling VMware Server 41 working directory 124, 323 workspace in VI Web Access 48
X
X server and keyboard mapping 184 xFree86 and keyboard mapping 184
Z
zip drives on a parallel port 184
VMware, Inc.
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352
VMware, Inc.

Vmware Server User'S Guide

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VMware Server 2.0