Formal decision-making linkages in the EU and its Member States

Phase EC level

Draft European Commission

• DGs
• Various committees Public and private consultations
• Commissioner (`s Cabinet)
• Commission
Proposal

Consultation To EP and ESC/CoR:

• EP committees, intergroups, etc. EP hearings, working, visits, etc.

• ESC study groups, divisions, etc. ESC consultations
• Committee of Regions structures Committee of regions consultations

EP co-decision-
Making
procedures

And to Council:
• COREPER (work groups) Ministerial consultations
• Permanent representative Formal instruction to PR
(after co-ordination at home)
• Council (special committee) Ministerial participation
Decision

Regulations Directives National Private

Decrees Parliament consultations

Implementation European Commission:

And
monitoring National public bureaucracy:
• Ministry`s implementation
• Public agencies
• Public and private consultations
DGs
Special Agencies
Various committees
Adjudication Courts:
• European Court of Justice Public and private court actions
• National courts
Key: EP, European Parliament
ESC, Economic and Social Committee
COR, Committee of the Regions
COREPER, Committee of Permanent Representatives
RP, Permament Representative
Source: Adapted from van Schendelen (1993), p.7. (Justin Greenwood, Interest
Representation in the European union, Palgrave Macmillan, 2003)