MINDANAO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

ARCH 12: PLATE NO. 3 MACBAY BEACH CLUB Super-5 Resorts International Inc. CONCEPTUAL BOARD 1. DESIGN OBJECTIVES a. TO design and construct a well thought beach resort that would serve the people in the region and neighbors as well as some foreign tourists, thus generating local employment and revenue. b. arrier-free design In terms of accessibility for the handicapped persons

c. !pply sustainable design for energy and water conservation "daylighting and #atural ventilation, solar cell power$photovoltaic cells, water reservoir $cistern and overhead water tan%.& d. The structure shall be designed to withstand e'treme climatic condition "typhoon, flood etc& e. The said beach club resort should showcase a modern form but with a conte'tual character of the vernacular style, must be very impressive, functional with clean and dignified elements. 2. DESIGN PHILOSPHY LESS IS MORE

3. DESIGN CONCEPT MODERN CONTEXTUAL STYLE OR MINIMALISM e !.

". DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Se! #$% &. '#%() $* Re)$+ ). Resorts may be categori(ed as beach resort "located along the seashore&, inland resort "located within the town proper or city&, island resort "located in natural or man-made island within the internal waters of the )hilippine !rchipelago&, la%eside or riverside resort "located along or near the ban% of a la%e or river&, mountain resort "located at or near a mountain or hill& and theme par%s. Se! #$% ,. C-.))#*#!. #$% $* Re)$+ ). *or purposes of accreditation, resorts shall be classified as follows+ C-.)) /AAA/ C-.)) /AA/ C-.)) /A/ S0e!#.- I% e+e) Re)$+ Se! #$% 1. Re23#+e4e% ) *$+ . C-.)) /AAA/ Re)$+ . The following are the minimum re,uirements for the operation and maintenance of a -lass .!!!. Resort+ .. L$!. #$% .%( E%5#+$%4e% The resort shall be situated in a suitable location free of noise, atmospheric and marine pollution. 6. P.+7#%8 9I* .00-#!.6-e: !n ade,uate par%ing space with par%ing security shall be provided free to guests. !. F.!#-# #e) .%( R$$4 A!!$44$(. #$% The resort shall have its rooms, facilities and amenities e,uivalent to those of a *irst -lass /otel re,uired under Section 0 hereof. (. P36-#! ;.)<+$$4) There shall be a clean and ade,uate public toilet and bathroom for male and female, provided with sufficient hot and cold running water, toilet paper, soap, and hand towel and$or hand dryer. e. S0$+ ) .%( Re!+e. #$%.- F.!#-# #e) The resort shall offer at least four "0& sports and recreational facilities. *. C$%*e+e%!e=C$%5e% #$% F.!#-# #e) -onference$convention facilities with attached toilets shall be provided. 8. E40-$>ee F.!#-# #e) !de,uate and well-maintained cafeteria, loc%er rooms and separate bathrooms for male and female employees shall be provided. Se! #$% 1?. Re23#+e4e% ) *$+ . C-.)) /AA/ Re)$+ . The following are the minimum re,uirements for the operation and maintenance of a -lass .!!. Resort+ .. L$!. #$% .%( E%5#+$%4e% The resort shall be located in a suitable area free of noise, atmospheric

and marine pollution. 6. P.+7#%8 9I* .00-#!.6-e: !n ade,uate par%ing space with par%ing security shall be provided free to guests. !. F.!#-# #e) .%( A!!$44$(. #$%) The resort shall have its rooms, facilities and amenities e,uivalent to those of a Standard -lass /otel re,uired under Section 5 hereof. (. P36-#! ;.)<+$$4) There shall be a clean and ade,uate public toilet and bathroom for male and female, provided with sufficient running water, toilet paper, soap, hand towel and$or hand dryer. e. S0$+ ) .%( Re!+e. #$%.- F.!#-# #e) The resort shall offer at least three "1& sports and recreational facilities. *. C$%*e+e%!e=C$%5e% #$% F.!#-# #e) -onference$convention facilities shall be provided. 8. E40-$>ee F.!#-# #e) !de,uate and well-maintained loc%er rooms and bathrooms for male and female employees shall be provided. Se! #$% 11. Re23#+e4e% ) *$+ . C-.)) /A/ Re)$+ . The following are the minimum re,uirements for the operation and maintenance of a -lass .!. Resort+ .. L$!. #$% .%( E%5#+$%4e% The resort shall be located in a suitable area free of noise, atmospheric and marine pollution. 6. P.+7#%8 9I* .00-#!.6-e: !n ade,uate par%ing space with par%ing security shall be provided free to guests. !. R$$4 A!!$44$(. #$%) -lass .!. resort shall have its rooms e,uivalent to those of an 2conomy -lass hotel as re,uired under Section 3 hereof. (. P36-#! ;.)<+$$4) There shall be a clean and ade,uate public toilet and bathroom for male and female, provided with sufficient running water, toilet paper, and soap. e. S0$+ ) .%( Re!+e. #$%.- F.!#-# #e) The resort shall offer at least two "4& sports and recreational facilities. *. F$$( .%( Be5e+.8e O3 -e ) The resort shall have at least one "5& food and beverage outlet. Se! #$% 12. Re23#+e4e% ) *$+ . S0e!#.- I% e+e) Re)$+ . The following are the minimum re,uirements for the operation and maintenance of a Special Interest

Resort+ .. L$!. #$% The camp and ground sites shall be well-drained and not sub6ect to flooding. It shall be distant from any source of nuisance and shall not endanger sources of any water supply and other natural resources. 6. L$3%8e .%( Re!e0 #$% C$3% e+ There shall be a reception counter and a reasonably furnished lounge commensurate with the si(e of the resort. c. R$$4 A!!$44$(. #$%) There shall be at least five "5& lettable bedrooms for permanent site operations, sufficient and fresh supply of clean linen, mirror and electric fan e'cept in places where electricity is not available. *or movable operation, a minimum of si'teen "53& guests plus the staff shall be accommodated in tents, lean-tos and the li%e. 7here permanent tents are used, flooring shall be at least four "0& inches above the ground. Tents shall be provided with ade,uate beddings suitable for tropical use. Theme par%s may be e'empted from this re,uirement. d. T$#-e .%( B. <+$$4 There shall separate clean toilet and bathroom facilities for male and female guests which shall be provided with sufficient supply of running water and situated in appropriate and accessible areas. The same shall be supplied with soap and toilet paper. !de,uate portable chemical toilets shall be provided at the camp site for mobile groups. In the absence of chemical toilets, temporary sanitary latrines shall be provided based on acceptable )hilippine standards. e. L#8< #%8@ F3+%#)<#%8 .%( Ve% #-. #$% 8ighting arrangement and furnishings in all rooms shall be of good standard. In areas where there is no electrical power, each room shall be provided with non-ha(ardous portable lights. !de,uate means of ventilation shall also be provided. f. S .** .%( Se+5#!e !de,uate number of trained, e'perienced, courteous and efficient staff shall be employed. They shall wear clean uniforms at all times. The frontline staff shall have a good spea%ing %nowledge of 2nglish. Se! #$% 13. Ge%e+.- R3-e) $% <e O0e+. #$% .%( M.%.8e4e% $* Re)$+ ). a. M.#% e%.%!e .%( <$3)e7ee0#%8. 9aintenance of all sections of the resort shall be of acceptable standard, and shall be on a continuing basis, ta%ing into consideration the ,uality of materials used as well as its up%eep. house%eeping shall be of such a standard ensuring well-%ept, clean and pollution-free premises. ! vermin control program shall be regularly maintained in all areas of the resort. Regular and hygienic garbage disposal system shall be maintained. Sanitation measures shall be adopted in accordance with the standards prescribed under ).:. ;53, the -ode on Sanitation of the )hilippines.

b. L#*e83.+( .%( )e!3+# >. !ll resorts shall provide the services of a sufficient number of well-trainedlifeguards duly accredited by either the )hilippine #ational Red -ross, the 7ater 8ife Saving !ssociation of the )hilippines or any recogni(ed organi(ation training or promoting safety ob6ectives, and ade,uate security whenever there are guests. c. Me(#!.- Se+5#!e). !ll resorts shall provide the services of a physician, either on-call or on full-time basis, depending on their volume of operation and accessibility to hospital or medical centers. In additions, resorts shall employ ade,uate first-aiders who have completed a course in first aide duly certified by the #ational Red -ross or any other organi(ation accredited by the same. !de,uate first aide medicines and necessary life-saving e,uipment shall be provided within the premises. d. F#+eA*#8< #%8 *.!#-# #e). *ire-fighting facilities shall be provided in accordance with the *ire -ode of the )hilippines. e. S#8%6$.+(). !ppropriate signboards shall be conspicuously displayed outside the establishment showing clearly the name and classification of the resort as determined by the :epartment. f. Be.!< .%( -.7e)#(e +e)$+ . There shall be placed on a beach or la%eside resort an ade,uate number of buoys which shall be spread within the area to be determined by the resort owner or %eeper as safe for swimming purposes, an in compliance with the e'isting government regulations and$or local ordinances on the placing of such buoys. g. De)#8%. e( .+e.. The distance fronting the area of the resort with ade,uate number of buoys as provided in the preceding section shall be designated as the area for swimming purposes, and no boat, banca or other crafts shall be allowed to enter the areas so designated. The resort owner or his duly authori(ed representative shall be empowered under these rules to enforce the above, and shall li%ewise designate a portion of the beach front to be used e'clusively for loading and unloading of resort guests, unless otherwise designated elsewhere by rules and regulations specific to the area. h. P+e!.3 #$%.+> 4e.)3+e). 5. In no case shall the resort management allow swimming at the beach front beyond 5<+<< p.m. and appropriate notice shall be posted to inform the resort guests of this regulation. 4. #ight swimming at the pool shall be allowed only if there are ade,uate lifeguards on duty and when the pool premises are sufficiently lighted. 1. 9anagement shall post sufficient and visible signs in strategic areas in the resort or at the beach to warn guests$customers of the presence of artificial or natural ha(ards, danger areas or occurrences threat.

i.

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5. #o pets or animals shall be allowed to bathe$swim along beaches. 8i%ewise, .pu%ot. fishing and washing of fishing nets shall be strictly prohibited in beach resorts. 4. Resort owners shall prohibit ambulant vendors from peddling their wares within the resort premises in order to provide their guests a certain degree of privacy to enable them to rela' and en6oy their stay threat. 1. 8ittering in resorts shall be strictly prohibited. Resort owners shall %eep their premises clean and shall adopt their own anti-littering measures. 7ithout pre6udice to e'isting ones no resort shall be established or constructed within a radius of five "5& %ilometers from any pollution causing factory or plant..

SITE DEVELOPTMENT
I% +$(3! #$% $ )# e 0-.%%#%8 B (e)#8% Once a new (oning scheme has been established, a process of new construction within or near the intensive-use (ones will li%ely begin. Typically, construction will be clustered in a few small areas where most infrastructure is to be located. =enerally referred to as 5#)# $+ )# e), where most visitor use occurs, they are also where some very serious impacts may occur, which is why they must be planned carefully. I%# #.- V#)# $+ S# e P-.%%#%8 C$%)#(e+. #$%) >sually visitor site planning ta%es place within the conte't of the preparation of a sustainable tourism plan and after a (oning scheme for an area has been established. Site plans are prepared as part of the sustainable tourism plan or as a subse,uent step when more time and funding are available. ?isitor site designation is the result of the planning process, which analy(es natural and cultural resources and attractions of the protected area, ma%es a determination about the area@s ecotourism potential and then selects certain strategic sites for ecotourism concentration based on their+ A inclusion of current and potential sustainable tourism attractionsB A accessibilityB A potential to concentrate visitor use with a minimum of impactB and$or A history of previous use. In most cases, it is advisable to use sites that have already received some human intervention in order to avoid impacting intact sites. The sustainable tourism plan may have already made recommendations about the type"s& of infrastructure "e.g., trails, campgrounds, ecolodge, etc.& for the site, without being specific about e'act locations. The site planning process will now determine the

e'act locations of infrastructure, ta%ing into account the site@s ecological sensitivity and positioning the infrastructure from a visitor management perspective "e.g., location of trails in relation to a campground or attraction&. ! financial feasibility study can help determine whether there is or will be sufficient demand for a business-focused infrastructure "e.g., an ecolodge& and an environmental feasibility study will assess its environmental viability. The visitor site planning process is best carried out by a team made up of a landscape architect, a biologist or ecologist, and an environmental engineer, who should all have some training in environmental impact evaluation and tourism infrastructureB and also a local resident who is familiar with the site and$or environmental conditions in the area. The first step in preparing a visitor site plan is to survey and analy(e the proposed location for the recommended infrastructure. It may be necessary to loo% at a fairly large area and then reduce the effective site@s area depending upon results of the analysis. !t this point, the following ,uestions should be as%ed and answered in at least a provisional manner+ 5. Is the site appropriate for developing tourism activities according to the =eneral 9anagement )lanC 4. -an development impacts on the site be minimi(edC 1. 7hat inputs "energy, materials, labor, products& are necessary and availableC 0. -an waste outputs "solid waste, sewage effluent, e'haust emissions& be dealt with at acceptable environmental costsC 5. 7hat are the potential indicators that should be considered in a future impact monitoring plan for this siteC The ne't step involves the actual siting of the proposed buildings and infrastructure. I%*+.) +3! 3+e S# #%8 C$%)#(e+. #$%) !s discussed above, high-end and low-end visitors will have ,uite different e'pectations, needs and motivations. Though low-end tourists may be ,uite happy with tent structures, highend tourists would prefer, and pay for, enclosed rooms with private baths and other amenities. *acilities and infrastructure need to respond to actual and e'pected needs. 7hen determining e'actly where buildings and infrastructure should be located, planners should ta%e into consideration the following+ General Considerations: A 2nvironmental impacts should ta%e precedence over development considerations.

A :o not be overly constrained by familiar, traditional patterns of landscape use. -onsider using the landscape in new ways. A 9aintain both ecological integrity and economic viability. A 2mphasi(e simplicity, while respecting basic human needs of comfort and safety. A Ta%e full advantage of natural features such as wind, sun, shade, slopes, and vegetation. A !ssess feasibility of development in long-term social and environmental costs, not 6ust short-term construction costs. A )lan to implement development in phases, to allow for the monitoring of cumulative environmental impacts and the conse,uent ad6ustments for the ne't phase. Specific Considerations: C.0.!# >. !s difficult as it may be to determine, every site has a limit for development and human activity. ! detailed site analysis should determine this limit based on the sensitivity of the site@s resources, the ability of the land to regenerate and the mitigating factors incorporated into the site@s design. De%)# >. Siting of facilities should carefully weigh the relative merits of concentration versus dispersal of visitor use. #atural landscape values may be easier to maintain if facilities are carefully dispersed. -onversely, concentration of structures leaves more undisturbed natural areas. ;#-(-#*e. !void the disruption of movement, nesting patterns, feeding and roosting sites of threatened, endangered or focal wildlife species by sensitive siting of development and by limits set on construction activity and facility operation. !llow opportunities for visitors to be aware of indigenous wildlife "observe but not disturb&. !lso, be aware that in some ecosystems, particularly on islands, tourism activities can lead to the introduction of invasive species. V#eC). ?iews are critical and reinforce a visitor@s e'perience. Site design should ma'imi(e views of natural features and minimi(e views of visitor and support facilities. To do so, avoid high structures. uildings should remain below tree$hori(on line and be invisible from the air and on ground arrival as much as possible. -olors used on e'teriors should blend, not contrast, with the natural environment. N. 3+.- H.D.+(). :evelopment should be located with consideration of natural ha(ards such as precipitous slopes, dangerous animals and plants, and ha(ardous water areas. E%e+8> .%( U #-# #e). -onventional energy and utility systems are often minimal or none'istent in potential ecotourism sites. Siting should consider possible connections to off-site utilities or, more li%ely, spatial needs for on-site utilities.

Ve% #-. #$% - Infrastructure should be placed to ta%e advantage of natural ventilation possibilities when consistent with esthetic and other considerations. O+8.%#! C.) e - -onsider environmentally appropriate technologies and facilities for the treatment of organic wastes, such as composting, septic tan%s and biogas tan%s. On-site utilities - Remember to plan for any necessary facilities such as facilities for trash storage until removal from the site, solar panels or other appropriate energy sources, maintenance buildings, and sites for treatment of gray water. Water - 7ater sources should be located where other activities will not impact them and in such a manner that water use will not significantly alter e'isting watercourses. 7aterlines should be located to minimi(e disruption of earth and ad6acent to trails wherever possible. V#)# $+ C#+!3-. #$% S>) e4). Infrastructure elements such as lodging and trails should be located to optimi(e visitor circulation+ minimum distances, minimum disturbance to natural features, easily located by visitors, etc. Trails should be designed with environmental and cultural interpretation in mind, and with attractions and sensitivity the primary determining factors in placement. 7herever possible, trails should be offered for differing levels of physical ability and should form a !-$)e( -$$0 to avoid visitors retracing their steps, thus improving their e'perience. Trails should be clearly delimited to discourage visitors from leaving them. Trails and roads should respect travel patterns and habitats of wildlife, including maintaining canopy cover unbro%en. They should also conform to e'isting landforms. 8ow impact site development techni,ues such as boardwal%s should be used whenever possible instead of paved or unpaved trailsB where necessary, they should incorporate erosion controls. If vehicular access is possible, the e'tent of roads and other vehicular access routes should be minimi(ed. If a road is needed for supplying the lodge, consider using electric or hybrid vehicles to transport supplies from the main road in order to reduce noise, water and air pollution. C$%*-#! #%8 U)e). If the site provides for different types of visitor use, for e'ample ecolodge and campground, ma%e sure these uses are sufficiently separated geographically so that they do not conflict. Safety, visual ,uality, noise and odor are all factors that need to be considered when siting support services and facilities. These areas need to be separated from public use and circulation areas. >nder some circumstances, utilities, energy systems and waste recycling areas can be a positive, educational part of the ecotourism e'perience.

Siting should be compatible with traditional agricultural, fishing and hunting activities. Some forms of development that supplant traditional land uses may not be responsive to the local economy. I40.! M$%# $+#%8. Specific indicators and standards should be established to monitor the impact of the site@s use as an ecotourism location. Refer to -hapter 5 for more information. Ae) <e #!) $* 63#-(#%8 (e)#8%. !long with regulatory considerations, design should be sensitive to the aesthetics of an area. If the development is within view of an important site or building, the tourist facility should not be taller than the site. The design of the e'terior of the building should also be harmonious with the architectural style of the site. *or coastal resorts, a rule of thumb is to restrict height of buildings to the height of the surrounding vegetation. !s many coastal areas inthe tropics are lined with coconut palms, the height of the coconut has been used as a common measure for good aesthetics. uilding height is generally measured from the finish ground elevation to the pea% or highest ridge of the building roof. !nother way of sustainable siting is to step buildings to reflect changes in the site@s topography.

L.%()!.0#%8 (e)#8% The coastal regions of the tropics contain delicate species of vegetation that provide protection from storms, habitats for birds and mammals, shade from the sun, and a barrier to erosion forces of the ocean. The best approach is simply to leave as much of the original vegetation in place as possible. Removal of vegetation will increase erosion of valuable topsoil, cause sedimentation and pollution to local waters, and raise costs of the pro6ect. *urther, large trees can ta%e decades to grow and should therefore be considered an asset for the shade and beauty they provide to the landscape. #atural vegetation is an essential aspect of the visitor e'perience. #atural vegetation can also be used to diminish the visual impact of facilities. In warmer climates, it may be possible to integrate facilities with their environment through minimi(ing solid walls, creating outdoor activity spaces, etc. #ote also that shading of facilities from large trees and shrubs will often reduce air-conditioning costs by appro'imately 4<D.

Services provided by trees and vegetation to a coastal tourist facility Source: Sustainable Coastal Tourism Handbook for the Philippines, 2002 If landscaping must be used to replace vegetation that was cleared during construction, plant selection will vary according to soil type, e'posure to winds and saltwater, rainfall, contour of the land, and also with social aspects such as the type of tourist desired, privacy needs, and visual aesthetics. The cost of planting and of maintaining the vegetation, particularly the long-term water needs, must be considered. !n overall plan should be developed with the consultation of someone who %nows about vegetation and who is familiar with the physical constraints in a given area. >se native plant species. 9inimi(e, or even eliminate, the use of lawns. Special care should be ta%en to preserve vegetation areas around la%es, ponds and streams, as filter strips to minimi(e runoff of sediment and debris. The following suggestions can help to increase the value of the landscape as well as to protect the natural environment from negative impacts of vegetation removal. A )rotect natural environment from construction activities by fencing them off during construction or by transplanting them into on-site nurseries. A >se indigenous species for replantingB they are already adapted to the harsh environments of salt-spray, wind, sun, sandy soil, and they are also less water consuming. A e realistic about the design of the landscape in relation to the ability to maintain it.

A Root-balled trees are not good alternatives to leaving trees in place. They are e'pensive to transplant, are sub6ect to sudden death, and ta%e many years to establish themselves. A Select trees and shrubs that root vertically and deeply, rather than species that root hori(ontally or shallow, to avoid damage to foundations, wal%ways, etc. A >se flowering and fruiting species to attract birds, mammals, butterflies, etc. A >se hardwood species so that there is less chance of damage to property or in6ury to guests from falling branches. S$-3 #$%) $ 6e.!< e+$)#$% !s we have seen, any construction that is directly on the shoreline has the potential to cause beach erosion. each erosion indicates that coastline development has been sited inappropriately. >nfortunately, once this occurs it is often difficult to correct. 9ethods used to reduce beach erosion include !ard" en#ineerin# solutions that are permanent features designed to reflect or dissipate incoming waves and soft" en#ineerin# solutions that do not involve hard structures. 2'amples of hard engineering solutions are seawalls, bul%heads, groins and 6etties. Soft engineering solutions often simply involve good planning and prevention, and sometimes removal of structures to allow natural wave action and natural sand transport to help restore the beach. 9ore recently, soft engineering solutions also include -#5#%8 )<$+e-#%e) that involve planting seagrass beds and other native wetland plants, installing bio-logs of coconut fiber, creating oyster reefs, etc., that naturally protect the shoreline. Soft engineering solutions are preferred because they retain the natural form of the shoreline and beach, and because hard structures, parado'ically, usually accelerate sand losses, especially in down-current areas. /ard structures also tend to cause wave forces that result in eventual destruction of the structures. Thus, once hard structures are in place, they are costly to maintain, and difficult to remove to correct a mista%e or to adapt to new changes. #evertheless, hard structures are in common use, and 9)! managers should be aware of the different types, and their relative advantages and disadvantages. The best solutions will be those that are based on a thorough understanding of local wave action and tidal flu'. Thus, it is important to wor% with coastal construction e'perts to determine the best shoreline stabili(ation method based on the local wave energy and sand transport occurring at that particular site. Se.C.--)@ 63-7<e.() .%( )<ee 0#-#%8 are solid vertical walls constructed of concrete, masonry, or metal which all serve the same purpose. These methods are used to combat erosion because

they re,uire less material and space. /owever, due to their vertical nature, reflective wave energy is ma'imi(ed, creating the potential for undermining and destruction of the beach or other land form being protected, as indicated in the following figure.

:ue to the increased scouring action of waves at the base of seawalls, seawalls inevitably lead to loss of beach sand at the base of the seawall. Thus, though a seawall will temporarily protect the land behind the seawall, it is also virtually certain to accelerate loss of the beach in front of the seawall. !nd eventually, when the seawall falls, the land behind the seawall will be at greater ris% than before, due to greater water depth due to loss of the beach. G+$#%)@ 6+e.7C. e+) .%( Ee #e) are structures predominantly built with roc%s or concrete. =roins or their variations are placed perpendicular to the shoreline to trap sand on the up drift side by e'tending out into the water and interrupting the littoral drift, causing deposition of sand. /owever, after the water column loses its suspended sand load, its velocity increases, causing it to wrap around the groin and pull more sand away from the down-drift side, resulting in beach loss and erosion. "These processes occur naturally around roc%y headlands.& Such structures tend to cause more problems than they solve unless they are very carefully designed and placed appropriately in relation to the shoreline features, drift and wave patterns of the water.

Re5e 4e% ) "see handout& are sloping roc% walls and similar protective structures that are used along the coast to prevent undermining and erosion of coastal lands. The slope of the wall and the spaces between the roc%s act to dissipate wave energy and minimi(e reflective waves. They are often more affordable than more costly bul%heads, brea%waters, seawalls and groins. Be.!< %$3+#)<4e% is another form of erosion control in which sand is brought onto an eroding beach to replace lost sand. #ourishment must be done periodically if beach erosion continues. #ourishment is costly and since it is usually prohibited to mine sand, the source of sand may be limited or not available. !n eroding beach needs to be analy(ed for what is causing the erosion and the most appropriate solution sought considering nature, cost and legal restrictions. In all options of protecting coastal areas from erosion, the science is highly imprecise and costly. 2ngineering studies, permits, building materials, construction, and long-term maintenance of the beach structure can be very costly, depending on the structure and the erosion forces of the area. If development is to occur on these beaches, large setbac%s must be used to prevent property damage and large costs. 7hen planning a coastal tourist establishment, the ha(ards of beach erosion may be avoided by following several Egolden rulesF for combating beach erosion+ A >nderstand the natural beach system before it is altered. Site-specific studies may be

re,uired. A :evelop a setbac% line before construction begins A #ever mine the sand from the dune, beach, or nearshore sandbars A 7here a ma6or obstruction to longshore water transport is built, such as a harbor, use soft solutions, such as sand nourishment or diversion of channels, rather than hard solutions, such as revetments or seawalls A :o not panic after a storm has drastically altered the beach. 7herever possible, let the normal beach cycle return the sand.