Do An Co Dac Nuoc Mia

TONG QUAN VE CO AC MA NG
I. Gii thieu chung:

Nganh cong nghiep ma ng la mot nganh cong
nghiep lau i nc ta. Do nhu cau th trng nc ta
hien nay ma cac lo ng vi quy mo nho nhieu a
phng a c thiet lap nham ap nhu cau nay. Tuy nhien,
o ch la cac hoat ong san xuat mot cach n le, nang
suat thap, cac nganh cong nghiep co lien quan khong gan
ket vi nhau a gay kho khan cho viec phat trien cong
nghiep ng ma.
Trong nhng nam qua, mot so tnh thanh cua nc
ta, nganh cong nghiep ma ng a co bc nhay vot rat
ln. Dien tch ma a tang len mot cach nhanh chong, ma
ng hien nay khong phai la mot nganh n le ma a
tr thanh mot he thong lien hiep cac nganh co quan he
chat che vi nhau. Ma ng va tao ra san pham ng
lam nguyen lieu cho cac nganh cong nghiep nh banh, keo,
sa ong thi tao ra phe lieu la nguyen lieu quy vi
gia re cho cac nganh san xuat nh ru
Trong tng lai, kha nang nay con co the phat trien hn
na neu co s quan tam au t tot cho cay ma cung vi
nang cao kha nang che bien va tieu thu san pham. Xuat
phat t tnh t nhien cua cay ma, o ng se giam
nhieu va nhanh chong neu thu hoach tre vakhong che
bien kp thi.
V tnh quan trong o cua viec che bien, van e quan
trong c at ra la hieu qua san xuat nham am bao thu
hoi ng vi hieu suat cao. Hien nay, nc ta a co rat
nhieu nha may ng nh Bnh Dng, Quang Ngai, Tay Ninh,
nhng vi s phat trien o at cua dien tch ma, kha nang
ap ng la rat kho. Ben canh o, viec cung cap ma kho
khan, s canh tranh cua cac nha may ng, cong vi
cong nghe lac hau, thiet b cu ky a anh hng manh
en qua trnh san xuat.
V tat ca nhng ly do tren, viec cai tien san xuat,
nang cao, m rong nha may, oi mi day chuyen thiet b
cong nghe, tang hieu qua cac qua trnh la het sc can
thiet va cap bach, oi hoi phai chuan b t ngay bay
gi. Trong o, cai tien thiet b co ac la mot yeu to quan
trong khong kem trong he thong san xuat v ay la mot
thanh phan khong the xem thng.
SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan
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Mot vai so lieu ve san lng ng tren the gii (n v

tnh: 1000 tan):
Nam
San
lng
1945- 1952- 1965- 1977- 1978- 1979- 1980 19811946 1953 1966 1978 1979 1980 1982
1981
1993 3548 6309 9228 9185 8892 91000 97900
4
6
7
0
8
0
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II. Nguyen lieu va san pham cua qua trnh co ac ma ng:

1. ac iem nguyen lieu:
Nguyen lieu co ac dang dung dch, gom:
Dung moi: nc.
Cac chat hoa tan: gom nhieu cau t vi ham
lng rat thap (xem nh khong co) va chiem
chu yeu la ng saccaroze. Cac cau t nay
xem nh khong bay hi trong qua trnh co ac.
Tuy theo o ng ma ham lng ng la nhieu
hay t. Tuy nhien, trc khi co ac, nong o ng
thap, khoang 6-10% khoi lng.
2. ac iem san pham:
San pham dang dung dch, gom:
Dung moi: nc.
Cac chat hoa tan: co nong o cao.
3. Bien oi cua nguyen lieu va san pham trong qua trnh co
ac:
Trong qua trnh co ac, tnh chat c ban cua nguyen
lieu va san pham bien oi khong ngng.
a. Bien oi tnh chat vat ly:
Thi gian co ac tang lam cho nong o dung dch
tang dan en tnh chat dung dch thay oi:
Cac ai lng giam: he so dan nhiet, nhiet
dung, he so cap nhiet, he so truyen nhiet.
Cac ai lng tang: khoi lng rieng dung dch,
o nht, ton that nhiet do nong o, nhiet o
soi.
b. Bien oi tnh chat hoa hoc:
Thay oi pH moi trng: thng la giam pH do cac
phan ng phan huy amit (Vd: asparagin) cua cac
cau t tao thanh cac acid.
ong can d: do trong dung dch cha mot so muoi
Ca2+ t hoa tan nong o cao, phan huy muoi hu
c tao ket tua.
Phan huy chat co ac.
Tang mau do caramen hoa ng, phan huy ng
kh, tac dung tng ho gia cac san pham phan
huy va cac amino acid.
Phan huy mot so vitamin.
c. Bien oi sinh hoc:
Tieu diet vi sinh vat ( nhiet o cao).
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Han che kha nang hoat ong cua cac vi sinh vat
nong o cao.
4. Yeu cau chat lng san pham va gia tr sinh hoa:
Thc hien mot che o het sc nghiem ngat e:
am bao cac cau t quy trong san pham co
mui, v ac trng c gi nguyen.
at nong o va o tinh khiet yeu cau.
Thanh phan hoa hoc chu yeu khong thay oi.
III. Co ac va qua trnh co ac:
1. nh ngha:
Co ac la phng phap dung e nang cao nong o
cac chat hoa tan trong dung dch hai hay nhieu cau
t. Qua trnh co ac cua dung dch long - ran hay
long- long co chenh lech nhiet soi rat cao thng
c tien hanh bang cach tach mot phan dung moi
(cau t de bay hi hn). o la cac qua trnh vat ly
- hoa ly.
2. Cac phng phap co ac:
Phng phap nhiet (un nong): dung moi chuyen
t trang thai long sang trang thai hi di tac
dung cua nhiet khi ap suat rieng phan cua no
bang ap suat tac dung len mat thoang chat
long.
Phng phap lanh: khi ha thap nhiet o en mot
mc nao o th mot cau t se tach ra dang tinh
the n chat tinh khiet, thng la ket tinh dung
moi e tangnong o chat tan.Tuy tnh chat
cau t va ap suat ben ngoai tac dung len
mat thoang ma qua trnh ket tinh o xay ra
nhiet o cao hay thap va oi khi phai dung en
may lanh.
3. Ban chat cua s co ac do nhiet:
Da theo thuyet ong hoc phan t:
e tao thanh hi (trang thai t do) th toc o
chuyen ong v nhiet cua cac phan t chat long
gan mat thoang ln hn toc o gii han. Phan
t khi bay hi se thu nhiet e khac phuc lc lien
ket trang thai long va tr lc ben ngoai. Do
o, ta can cung cap nhiet e cac phan t u
nang lng thc hien qua trnh nay.
Ben canh o, s bay hi chu yeu la do cac bot kh
hnh thanh trong qua trnh cap nhiet va chuyen
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ong lien tuc, do chenh lech khoi lng rieng cac

phan t tren be mat va di ay tao nen s
tuan hoan t nhien trong noi co ac. Tach khong
kh va lang keo (protit) khi un s bo se ngan chan
c s tao bot khi co ac.
4. ng dung cua s co ac:
Dung trong san xuat thc pham: dung dch ng, m
chnh,cac dung dch nc trai cay
Dung trong san xuat hoa chat: NaOH, NaCl, CaCl 2, cac
muoi vo c
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5. anh gia kha nang phat trien cua s co ac:

Hien nay, phan ln cac nha may san xuat hoa
chat, thc pham eu s dung thiet b co ac nh
mot thiet b hu hieu e at nong o san pham
mong muon. Mac du ch la mot hoat ong gian
tiep nhng rat can thiet va gan lien vi s ton tai
cua nha may. Cung vi s phat trien cua nha
may th viec cai thien hieu qua cua thiet b co
ac la mot tat yeu. No oi hoi phai co nhng
thiet b hien ai, am bao an toan va hieu suat
cao. a en yeu cau ngi ky s phai co kien
thc chac chan hn va a dang hn, chu ong kham
pha cac nguyen ly mi cua thiet b co ac.
IV. Cac thiet b co ac nhiet:
1. Phan loai va ng dung:
a. Theo cau tao:
Nhom 1: dung dch oi lu t nhien (tuan hoan t
nhien) dung co ac dung dch kha loang, o nht
thap, am bao s tuan hoan de dang qua be mat
truyen nhiet. Gom:
Co buong ot trong (ong truc buong boc), co
the co ong tuan hoan trong hoac ngoai.
Co buong ot ngoai ( khong ong truc buong
boc).
Nhom 2: dung dch oi lu cng bc, dung bm e
tao van toc dung dch t 1,5 - 3,5 m/s tai be mat
truyen nhiet. Co u iem: tang cng he so truyen
nhiet, dung cho dung dch ac set, o nht cao,
giam bam can, ket tinh tren be mat truyen nhiet.
Gom:
Co buong ot trong, ong tuan hoan ngoai.
Co buong ot ngoai, ong tuan hoan ngoai.
Nhom 3: dung dch chay thanh mang mong,chay
mot lan tranh tiep xuc nhiet lau lam bien chat
san pham. ac biet thch hp cho cac dung dch thc
pham nh dung dch nc trai cay,hoa qua ep
Gom:
Mang dung dch chay ngc, co buong ot trong
hay ngoai: dung dch soi tao bot kho v.
Mang dung dch chay xuoi, co buong ot trong
hay ngoai: dung dch soi t tao bot va bot de v.
b. Theo phng phap thc hien qua trnh:
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Co ac ap suat thng (thiet b h): co nhiet

o soi, ap suat khong oi. Thng dung co
ac dung dch lien tuc e gi mc dung dch co
nh e at nang suat cc ai va thi gian co
ac la ngan nhat.Tuy nhien, nong o dung dch
at c la khong cao.
Co ac ap suat chan khong: Dung dch co
nhiet o soi di 100oC, ap suat chan khong.
Dung dch tuan hoan tot, t tao can, s bay hi
nc lien tuc.
Co ac nhieu noi: Muc ch chnh la tiet kiem
hi ot. So noi khong nen ln qua v se lam
giam hieu qua tiet kiem hi. Co the co chan
khong, co ap lc hay phoi hp ca hai phng
phap. ac biet co the s dung hi th cho muc
ch khac e nang cao hieu qua kinh te.
Co ac lien tuc: Cho ket qua tot hn co ac
gian oan. Co the ap dung ieu khien t
ong, nhng cha co cam bien tin cay.
2. He thong co ac chan khong gian oan:
a. Muc ch: e gi c chat lng cua san pham va
thanh phan quy (tnh chat t nhien, mau, mui, v,
am bao lng vitamin, ) nh nhiet o thap va
khong tiep xuc Oxy.
b. u iem:
Nhap lieu n gian: nhap lieu lien tuc bang
bm hoac bang o chan khong trong thiet b,
nhap lieu theo tng me mot.
Tranh phan huy san pham, thao tac, khong
che de dang.
Co the co ac dung dch en cac nong o
khac nhau theo phng phap gian oan tng me
hoac lien tuc.
c. Nhc iem:
Lam viec trang thai khong on nh, tnh
chat hoa ly cua dung dch thay oi lien tuc theo
nong o, thi gian co ac.
Thiet b phc tap, co thiet b ngng tu chan
khong.
Nhiet o hi th thap, khong dung c cho
muc ch khac.
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3. Cac thiet b va chi tiet trong co ac:

Thiet b chnh:
Ong tuan hoan, ong truyen nhiet.
Buong ot , buong boc, ay, nap
Ong: hi ot, thao nc ngng, kh khong
ngng
Thiet b phu:
Be cha san pham, nguyen lieu.
Cac loai bm: bm dung dch, bm nc, bm chan
khong.
Thiet b gia nhiet.
Thiet b ngng tu Baromet.
Cac loai van.
Thiet b o
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4.
Yeu cau thiet b va van e nang lng:

San pham co thi gian lu nho: giam ton that,
tranh phan huy san pham.
Cng o truyen nhiet cao trong gii han chenh lech
nhiet o.
n gian, de sa cha, thao lap, de lam sach be
mat truyen nhiet.
Phan bo hi eu.
Xa lien tuc va on nh nc ngng tu va kh khong
ngng.
Thu hoi bot do hi th mang theo.
Ton that nang lng la nho nhat.
Thao tac, khong che gian n, t ong hoa de
dang.
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QUY TRNH CONG NGHE

I. S o hoat ong cua he thong co ac 1 noi gian oan:
1. Nguyen ly hoat ong thiet b co ac:
Nguyen lieu c nhap lieu vao truyen nhiet en
nhiet o soi roi mi cho vao noi co ac se trao oi
nhiet vi hi thong qua cac ong truyen nhiet se tr
nen nhe hn va c tuan hoan tr len pha buong
boc. Tai ay, hi nc c tach ra khoi dung dch, dung
dch i theo ong tuan hoan trung tam xuong ay thiet
b va theo ong nhiet tr len tren. Qua trnh trao oi
nhiet c thc hien chu yeu trong ong truyen nhiet.
Sau nhieu lan nh vay, hi nc tach khoi dung dch
cang nhieu nong o dung dch cang tang, o nht
dung dch tang. Do o, toc o chuyen ong dung dch
cang cham lai ve sau. Qua trnh ket thuc khi dung dch
a at c nong o theo yeu cau.
Toc o chuyen ong tuan hoan cang tang th he
so cap nhiet ve pha dung dch cang tang, qua trnh
boc hi xay ra cang manh me, nong o chat tan cang
nhanh chong at yeu cau va ngc lai. Tuy nhien se
hao ph nang lng khuay. Do o, ta dung bien phap
khac la tang ng knh ong truyen nhiet.
2. Nguyen ly hoat ong thiet b truyen nhiet va thiet b ngng
tu Baromet:
Hi th ra khoi thiet b co ac se c dan vao
thiet b truyen nhiet un nong cho nguyen lieu at en
nhiet o soi. Sau o c dan vao ong vao pha di
TBNT Baromet, nc se c chay t tren xuong di
theo cac ngan va phun thanh tia. Hi trao oi nhiet vi
nc, ap suat thap do bm chan khong tao ra, se
ngng tu lai, theo ong Baromet chay ra ngoai.
3. Hoat ong cua he thong:
a. Nhap lieu:
Nguyen lieu ng nh bm nhap lieu a vao thiet
b truyen nhiet nhiet o khoang 30 0C c un nong
en nhiet o can soi va a vao noi co ac qua ca
nhap lieu.
Ban au nhap u 2,5 m3 th tien hanh co ac,
nguyen lieu van tiep tuc nhap vao e bu lng hi
th boc len cho en khi u the tch nguyen lieu cho 1
me th cham dt nhap lieu.
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Ngng nhap lieu nhng bm nhap lieu van tiep tuc

bm tuan hoan cho qua trnh gia nhiet cho 2,5 m 3 nguyen
lieu cua me sau.
b. Qua trnh co ac:
Sau khi a nhap lieu u 2,5 m 3, qua trnh co ac se
bat au xay ra di ap suat chan khong do bm chan
khong tao ra.
Hi ot theo ong dan a vao buong ot ap suat
3 at. Hi th ngng tu theo ong dan nc ngng qua bay
hi chay ra ngoai va phan kh khong ngng c xa ra
ngoai theo ca xa kh khong ngng.
Hi th boc len theo ong dan vao thiet b ngng tu
Baromet, ngng tu thanh long chay ra ngoai bon cha,
phan khong ngng qua bo phan tach giot e ch con
kh theo bm chan khong ra ngoai.
Toan bo he thong (thiet b ngng tu Baromet, thiet
b co ac ) lam viec ieu kien chan khong do bm
chan khong tao ra.
Sau thi gian co ac a tnh, dung dch ng c
bm ra ngoai theo ong thao san pham nh bm ly tam,
vao thung cha san pham.
II. Thao tac van hanh:
1. Chuan b:
Kiem tra ieu kien van hanh cua thiet b cung
cap hi ot, bm chan khong, bm nc thiet
b ngng tu, bm thao lieu.
Kiem tra o kn cua he thong.
ong cac van.
Tat bm.
2. Van hanh:
Khi ong bm chan khong cho he thong at
ieu kien chan khong( khi lan au hoat ong).
Nc trong ong Baromet t t dang len. i cho
en khi qua trnh on nh.
Khi ong bm nhap lieu, m van nhap lieu cho
dung dch chay vao thiet b co ac. Khi khoi
lng dung dch at yeu cau th ieu chnh lu
lng nhap lieu cho phu hp.
M t t van hi ot.
Bm nc vao TBNT.
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Theo doi hoat ong cua thiet b va cac dung cu

o nhiet o, ap suat, san sang ngng hoat ong
cua he thong neu co s co xay ra.
Gan en thi iem thao lieu, ta th nong o
mau e chuan b dng hi ot.
Ngng cap hi ot.
Dung bm e thao san pham qua ong thao san
pham en khi het th ong van.
Cham dt mot me co ac.
Ta bat au cac thao tac cho mot me mi.
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CAN BANG VAT CHAT VA NANG LNG

I. D kien ban au:
Dung dch ng ma
Nong o au x = 8 %, nhiet o au cua nguyen
lieu la t = 30oC.
Nong o cuoi xc = 75%.
Nang suat Gc = 1000 kg/me.
Gia nhiet bang hi nc bao hoa ap suat hi ot
la 3 at.
Ap suat thiet b ngng tu: nham giam nhiet
o soi cua dung dch, am bao yeu cau san
pham. Giai oan au nong o dung dch thap ap
suat thiet b ngng tu la P = 0,4 at, khi nong o
dung dch tang ap suat thiet b ngng tu la P =
0,2 at.
II. Can bang vat chat:
1. Suat lng nhap lieu (G):
Theo cong thc 5.16, QT va TBTN T5, tr184:
G*x = Gc*xc
xc
75
= 1000*
G = Gc*
x
= 9375 kg/me
2. Tong lng hi th boc len (W):

W = G Gc = 9375 - 1000 = 8375 kg/me
Trong o: Gc suat lng thao lieu (nang suat), kg
/me.
3. Qua trnh bien oi vat chat trong qua trnh co ac:
Theo quy trnh cong nghe, qua trnh bien oi vat chat
trong noi co ac c chia ra lam 3 giai oan sau:
Giai oan 1: t luc bat au nhap lieu, tien hanh
co ac cho en khi cham dt nhap lieu, lng
nguyen lieu trong noi co ac la 2,5 m 3, giai oan
nay tien hanh co ac ap suat la 0,4 at.
Giai oan 2: t luc ket thuc giai oan 1 cho en khi
mc dung dch trong noi co ac cham mieng tren
cua ong truyen nhiet, giai oan nay tien hanh
co ac ap suat la 0,4 at.
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Giai oan 3: t luc ket thuc giai oan 2 cho en khi

at nong o yeu cau, giai oan nay tien hanh
co ac ap suat la 0,4 at.
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Cac qua trnh bien oi vat chat trong qua trnh co ac

c tom tat nh sau:
The tch nguyen
lieu, m3
Khoi lng nguyen
lieu, kg
Lng hi th boc
hi, kg
Nong o
Khoi lng rieng,
kg/m3
9,086
2,5
1,113
0,724
9375
2787
1444
1000
6588
7986
8375
8%
27%
54%
75%
1114,
1031,8
1254,04 1381,4
8
III. Can bang nang lng:

1. Che o nhiet o:
Ap suat buong ot la ap suat hi bao hoa 3 at.Tra
bang 57, VD va BT T10, trang 443: nhiet o hi ot la
132,9oC.
Goi la ton that nhiet o hi th tren ng
ong dan t buong boc en TBNT, theo QT va TBTN T5,
tr184, chon = 1 oK.
a. Giai oan 1:
Nhiet o hi th trong buong boc tsdm(Po):
Tsdm(Po) - Tc = = 1K Tsdm(Po) = Tc +1 = 75,4 +1 =
76,4 oC
Ap suat hi th trong buong boc: Tra bang 57, VD va
BT T10, trang 443: nhiet o hi th la 76,4oC la 0,42 at.
b. Giai oan 2 va 3:
Nhiet o hi th trong buong boc tsdm(Po):
Tsdm(Po) - Tc = = 1K Tsdm(Po) = Tc +1 = 59,7 +1 =
60,7 oC
Ap suat hi th trong buong boc: Tra bang 57, VD va
BT T10, trang 443: nhiet o hi th la 60,7oC la 0, 21
at.
2. Cac ton that nhiet o:
a. Ton that nhiet o do nong o ( ):
=o.f
Trong o:
o - ton that nhiet o ap suat kh
quyen. Tra t o th.
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f - he so hieu chnh do khac ap suat kh

quyen, c tnh:
f =16,14 *
T2
r
Trang16
b. Ton that nhiet o do ap suat thuy tnh ( ):

Theo VD va BT T10, tr184:
= Tsdd(Po+ p) - Tsdd(Po)
Trong o:
Tsdd(Po) - nhiet o soi dung dch mat thoang.
Tsdd(Po+ p) - nhiet o soi ng vi ap suat o
sau trung bnh cua cot chat long, at la t stb.
Tnh Tsdd(Po):
Theo VD va BT T10, trang 184:
= Tsdd(Po) - Tsdm(Po)
Tsdd(Po) = Tsdm(Po) +
Tnh Tsdd(Po + P ):
Theo cong thc 4.19, VD va BT T10, tr185:
Po + p = Ptb =Po + 0,5*hh*g*Hop
Trong o:
hh = 0,5*dd, dd - khoi lng rieng cua dung
dch nong o ang xet, khong ke
lan bot hi, kg/m3.
g= 9,81 m/s2.
Po = 0,42 at.
Hop -chieu cao lp long soi(theo knh quan
sat ch mc ), m
Vi Hop = [0,26 + 0,0014*( dd dm)]*Ho, m.
Ho - chieu cao ong truyen nhiet, chon H o = 2
m.
dd - khoi lng rieng dung dch theo nong
o, kg/m3.
dm - khoi lng rieng dung moi nhiet o
soi 76,4oC.
Ta co dm = 975 kg/m3.
Tnh lan lt cac nong o khac nhau cua dung
dch ng, ta c cac gia tr P o + P. Sau o, tra bang
57, VD va BT T10, tr443: ta c nhiet o soi trung bnh
cua dung dch (tstb).
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Quan he nhiet o soi va ap suat theo nong o dung

dch:
Nong
o
8%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
o'
'
''
Hop
Po+P
Tsdd(Po)
Tsdd(Po+P)
0.05
0.25
0.38
0.50
1.00
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.50
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
0.04
0.19
0.29
0.38
0.76
1.14
1.34
1.53
1.91
2.29
3.05
3.82
4.58
5.34
4.35
4.62
4.85
5.10
2.97
2.91
3.07
3.25
3.27
3.32
3.01
2.74
2.50
2.29
5.39
5.81
6.13
6.48
4.73
5.06
5.40
5.78
6.18
6.61
7.07
7.56
8.08
8.63
0.68
0.76
0.82
0.88
0.95
1.02
1.09
1.16
1.24
1.32
1.40
1.48
1.57
1.66
0.434
0.437
0.439
0.441
0.237
0.239
0.242
0.245
0.248
0.251
0.255
0.259
0.263
0.267
76.44
76.59
76.69
76.78
61.46
61.84
62.04
62.23
62.61
62.99
63.75
64.52
65.28
66.04
80.79
81.21
81.53
81.88
64.43
64.76
65.10
65.48
65.88
66.31
66.77
67.26
67.78
68.33
3. Can bang nhiet lng:

a. Nhiet lng tieu thu cho co ac ( QD):
Theo cong thc VI.3, So tay tap 2, trang 52:
QD = Q+ Qbh + Qkn + Qtt = 19,41.109 +1,75.109 + 4%.QD
QD = 20,97.109 J
Trong o:
Q - nhiet lng e un nong en nhiet soi, J
Qbh - nhiet lng lam boc hi nc, J.
Qtt - nhiet lng ton that ra moi trng, J.
b. Nhiet lng dung e un nong en nhiet o soi:
Theo So tay tap 2, trang 52:
Q = G*Ctb*(tsoi - t) = 9375*4020,99*(76,44 - 30) =
1,751.109 J
Vi: G = 9375 kg/me.
Ctb - nhiet dung rieng cua dung dch.
Theo So tay tap 1, tr153:
C = 4190 - ( 2514 - 7,542*t )*x, J/kgoK
t = 30oC, x = 8% th
C1 = 4190 - ( 2514 - 7,542* 30 )*0,08 =4006,98
J/kgoK
t = 76,44 oC, x = 8% th
C2 = 4190 - ( 2514 - 7,542*76,44 )*0,08 = 4035,0
J/kgoK
Nen Ctb = (4006,98+ 4035,0 ) / 2 = 4020,99 J/kgoK
Trang18
c. Nhiet lng lam boc hi dung dch (Qbh):

Qbh = W*r = 8375*2318,8.103 = 19,41.109 J
Trong o:
W - lng hi th boc len khi co ac, W = 8375 kg.
r an nhiet hoa hi cua hi th ng vi ap
suat la 0,42 at
Tra bang 57, VD va BT T10, trang 443: r = 2318,8.103
J/kg
Nhiet lng dung e kh nc (Qkn):
Qkn =Qht - Qhtc
Trong o:
Qht, Qhtc lan lt la nhiet hoa tan tch phan cua
dung dch ng nong o au va cuoi cua
qua trnh co ac. Thng Qkn rat be co the
bo qua.
d. Nhiet lng ton that (Qtt): theo QT va TBTN T5, tr186:
chon Qtt = 4%*QD
4. Lng hi ot dung cho co ac (D):
Theo cong thc 4.5a, VD va BT T10, tr182:
QD = D*(1-)* ( i''D C* )
Do khong qua lanh hi ngng tu: i''D C* = r.
Nen
QD
20,97.10 9
D=
=
= 9707,68 kg / me ,
3
(1 ) * r (1 0,05) * 2171.10
Trong o:
QD - tong nhiet tieu thu cho co ac, Q D = 20,97.109
J
- o am cua hi, = 0,05 ( VD va BT T10, trang
182)
r - an nhiet ngng tu cua hi ot ap suat la 3
at.
Tra bang 57, VD va BT T10, trang 443: r = 2171.103
J/kg
5. Lng hi ot tieu ton rieng:
Theo cong thc 4.5a, VD va BT T10, trang 182:
m=
D 9707,68
=
=1,159
W
8375
( kg hi ot / kg hi th ).
Trong o:
D - lng hi ot dung co ac, D = 9707,68
kg/me.
W - lng hi th thoat ra khi co ac, W = 8375
kg/me.
Trang19
TNH TOAN TRUYEN NHIET VA THI GIAN CO

AC
I. Tnh toan truyen nhiet cho thiet b co ac:
1. Nhiet tai rieng pha hi ngng (q1):
Theo cong thc (V.101), so tay tap 2, trang 28:
r
H
*
t
1
0 , 25
1 = 2,04 * A *
q1 = 1 * t1
(1)
Trong o:
r - an nhiet ngng tu cua nc ap suat hi
ot la 3 at.
Tra bang 57, VD va BT tap 10, trang 447: r =
2170.103 J/kg
H - chieu cao ong truyen nhiet, H = 2 m.
A - phu thuoc nhiet o mang nc ngng t m = (tD +
tv1)/2
A tra so tay tap 2, trang 28.
vi tD, tv1: nhiet o hi ot va vach pha hi
ngng.
1 - he so cap nhiet pha hi ngng, W/m 2K.
7. Nhiet tai rieng pha dung dch (q2):
Dung dch nhap lieu sau khi qua thiet b truyen nhiet
a at en nhiet o soi. Qua trnh co ac dien ra
manh liet ieu kien soi va tuan hoan t nhien
trong thiet b, hnh thanh cac bot kh lien tuc thoat ra
khoi dung dch.
Theo cong thc VI.27, so tay tap 2, trang 71:
dd
2 = n *
n
0 , 565

* dd
n
C dd n
*
*
C n dd
0 , 435
W / m2K
( 2)
Trong o:
n -he so cap nhiet cua nc khi co ac theo
nong o dung dch
n = 3. p0,15. q20,7
Cdd - nhiet dung rieng cua dung dch khi co ac
theo nong o ddch
Cn - nhiet dung rieng cua nc khi co ac theo
nong o dung dch
dd - o nht dung dch khi co ac theo nong o
dung dch
n - o nht nc khi co ac theo nong o dung
dch
Trang20
dd - khoi lng rieng dung dch khi co ac theo

nong o dung dch
n - khoi lng rieng nc khi co ac theo nong
o dung dch
dd - o dan ien dung dch khi co ac theo nong
o dung dch
n - o dan ien nc khi co ac theo nong o
dung dch
Trang21
Lap thanh bang so lieu theo nong o cua dung dch:

Nong
o
8%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
dd
dd
975.2
975.2
975.2
975.2
975.2
975.2
975.2
975.2
975.2
975.2
975.2
975.2
975.2
975.2
1031.7
1061.0
1082.9
1105.5
1129.0
1153.3
1178.5
1204.7
1231.7
1259.8
1288.7
1318.7
1349.6
1381.4
0.343
0.687
0.745
1.450
2.156
2.861
3.567
4.785
6.003
7.222
8.440
9.658
10.877
12.095
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
Cdd
Cn
dd
4028.1 4190 0.426

3886.4 4190 0.371
3785.2 4190 0.346
3684.1 4190 0.326
3582.9 4190 0.310
3481.7 4190 0.296
3380.5 4190 0.285
3279.3 4190 0.275
3178.1 4190 0.266
3076.9 4190 0.258
2975.7 4190 0.250
2874.5 4190 0.243
2773.4 4190 0.237
2672.2 4190 0.230
n
0.664
0.664
0.664
0.664
0.664
0.664
0.664
0.664
0.664
0.664
0.664
0.664
0.664
0.664
Ghi chu:
Cac thong so cua dung dch:
Cdd = 4190 ( 2514 7,52*t )*x, J/kg.K
dd: tra bang phuc luc.
dd: tra bang I.86 so tay tap 1 trang 58
dd: theo cong thc ( I.32 ) so tay tap 1 trang
123:
dd = 3,58.10 8 * dd * 3
dd
M dd
, W / mK
Cac thong so cua nc tra bang 39 trang 427

va bang 57 trang 447 so tay tap 2.
8. Nhiet tai rieng pha tng (qv):
Theo BT va VD tap 10:
qv =
tv1 tv2
rv
tv = tv1 -tv2 = rv*qv = 0,836.10-3* qv (3)
Trong o:
rv - tong tr vach.
rv = r1 + / + r2
= ( 0,464 + 3,5/17,5 + 0,172 )*10-3 = 0,836.10-3 W/m2K
Trang22
vi
r1 - nhiet tr mang nc, r1 = 0,464.10-3 m2

o
K / W.
r2 - nhiet tr lp can, r2 = 0,172.10-3 m2 oK /
W.
- be day ong, =( do - dt ) / 2 = ( 57 50 )/ 2
= 3,5 mm
- he so dan nhiet cua ong, = 17,5 m2
o
K / W (vi ong la thep khong g )
tv: chenh lech nhiet o cua tng, tv =
tv1 - tv2, oK
9. He so truyen nhiet K cho qua trnh co ac:
Trong o gia tr K c tnh thong qua he so cap
nhiet:
K =
1
1
+ rv +
1 = q1 / tv1
2 = q2 / tv2
rv = 0,836.10-3 W/m2 oK.
10. Tien trnh tnh cac nhiet tai rieng:
Khi qua trnh co ac dien ra on nh:
q1 = q2 = qv
(4)
tv1 = tD - tv1
(5)
tv =tv1 - tv2
(6)
t2 = tv2 - tsoitb
(7)
Dung phng phap so ta lan lt tnh theo cac bc
sau:
Bc 1: Chon nong o dung dch, t o tra c
cac thong so bang 2
Bc 2: Chon nhiet o tng pha hi ngng: t v1, tnh
c t1 theo (5) vi tD = 132,9oC.
Bc 3: Tnh c q1 theo (1).
Bc 4:Tnh he so cap nhiet pha dung dch, ta tm
2 theo (2)
Bc 5: Tnh tv theo (3). Tnh c tv2 = tv + tv1
Bc 6: Tnh t2 theo (7) vi tsoitb tra bang 2 theo
nong o.
Bc 7: Tnh c q2 theo cong thc: q2 = 2 * t2
Bc 8: So sanh sai so gia q 1 va qtb, vi qtb = (q1
+ q2) / 2. at gia tr o la ss:
Vi:
Trang23
Neu ss ln th quay ve bc 2 va co s hieu

chnh nhiet o t1:
t1(mi] = (1 - ss)* t1, t o tnh lai c tv1 =
tD - t1.
Neu ss nho th ngng.
Phep lap se co ss hoi tu ve 0. Do o vi so lan
lap ln ta se co ket qua q 1, q2 va qv se cung tien ve
hang so o chnh la gia tr can tm.
Trang24
11. Ket qua tnh toan:

La
No
n
ng
T
tn sdd
o
h
1
8%
2
3
1
15%
2
3
1
20%
2
3
1
25%
2
3
1
30%
2
3
1
35%
2
3
1
40%
2
3
1
45%
2
3
50%
Pha dung
dch
q1
tD t1
80.79191.141445 132.9 4.90

80.79191.239258 132.9 4.56
80.79191.239776 132.9 4.64
81.21191.141445 132.9 4.90
81.21191.333509 132.9 3.69
81.21191.334211 132.9 3.79
81.53191.141445 132.9 4.90
81.53191.332032 132.9 3.47
81.53191.332708 132.9 3.57
81.88191.428729 132.9 3.00
81.88191.427676 132.9 2.85
81.88191.527215 132.9 2.79
64.43191.333942 132.9 3.75
64.43191.431685 132.9 3.42
64.43191.430535 132.9 3.25
64.76191.428729 132.9 3.00
64.76191.527208 132.9 2.79
64.76191.526300 132.9 2.67
65.10191.524313 132.9 2.40
65.10191.523339 132.9 2.27
65.10191.522694 132.9 2.19
65.48191.619604 132.9 1.80
65.48191.618932 132.9 1.72
65.48191.618451 132.9 1.66
65.88191.716241 132.9 1.40

2 65.88191.715717 132.9 1.34
Vach
tv1
tv
128.0
0
128.3
4
128.2
6
128.0
0
129.2
1
129.1
1
128.0
0
129.4
3
129.3
3
129.9
0
130.0
5
130.1
1
129.1
5
129.4
8
129.6
5
129.9
0
130.1
1
130.2
3
130.5
0
130.6
3
130.7
1
131.1
0
131.1
8
131.2
4
131.5
0
131.5
6
34.6
5
32.8
2
33.2
5
34.6
5
28.0
1
28.6
0
34.6
5
26.7
8
27.3
4
24.0
2
23.1
4
22.7
5
28.3
8
26.4
9
25.5
3
24.0
2
22.7
5
21.9
9
20.3
3
19.5
1
18.9
7
16.3
9
15.8
3
15.4
3
13.5
8
13.1
4
tv2
Pha hi
ngng
q2
t2
qtb
K ss%
93.35 12.56 36018 38732
7.01
95.52 14.73 40672 39965
1.77
95.01 14.22 39617 39696 8577 2786 762 0.20

93.35 12.14 24987 33216
24.77
101.2
0
19.99 35450 34480
2.82
100.5
1
19.30 34726 34468 9027 1799 666 0.75
93.35
102.6
5
101.9
9
105.8
8
106.9
1
107.3
6
100.7
7
102.9
9
104.1
2
105.8
8
107.3
6
108.2
5
110.1
7
111.1
2
111.7
4
114.7
1
115.3
5
115.8
1
117.9
2
118.4
2
11.82 22722 32084
29.18
21.12 33901 32967
2.83
20.45 33320 33014 9165 1629 641 0.93

24.00 26060 27394
4.87
25.03 26473 27075
2.22
25.48 26633 26924 9753 1045 528 1.08

36.34 28452 31197
8.80
38.56 28768 30226
4.83
39.69 28852 29693 9381 727 431 2.83

41.13 24963 26846
7.01
42.61 24897 26053
4.44
43.49 24816 25558 9866 571 372 2.90

45.07 21857 23085
5.32
46.01 21684 22511
3.68
46.63 21550 2212210368 462 323 2.58

49.23 17898 18751
4.55
49.87 17695 18314
3.38
50.33 17539 1799511115 348 263 2.53

52.04 14907 15574
52.54 14709 15213
4.28
3.32
Trang25
3
1
55%
2
3
1
60%
2
3
1
65%
2
3
1
70%
2
3
1
75%
2
3
65.88191.715325 132.9 1.30

66.31191.713557 132.9 1.10
66.31191.713155 132.9 1.06
66.31191.712845 132.9 1.02
66.77191.711665 132.9 0.90
66.77191.711299 132.9 0.86
66.77191.711013 132.9 0.83
67.26191.8 9868 132.9 0.72
67.26191.8 9588 132.9 0.69
67.26191.8 9363 132.9 0.67
67.78191.8 8608 132.9 0.60
67.78191.8 8350 132.9 0.58
67.78191.8 8141 132.9 0.56
68.33191.8 7508 132.9 0.50
68.33191.8 7277 132.9 0.48
68.33191.8 7089 132.9 0.46
131.6
0
131.8
0
131.8
4
131.8
8
132.0
0
132.0
4
132.0
7
132.1
8
132.2
1
132.2
3
132.3
0
132.3
2
132.3
4
132.4
0
132.4
2
132.4
4
12.8
1
11.3
3
11.0
0
10.7
4
9.75
9.45
9.21
8.25
8.02
7.83
7.20
6.98
6.81
6.28
6.08
5.93
118.7
9
120.4
7
120.8
5
121.1
4
122.2
5
122.5
9
122.8
6
123.9
3
124.1
9
124.4
0
125.1
0
125.3
4
125.5
4
126.1
2
126.3
4
126.5
1
52.91 14553 1493911829 275 219 2.58

54.16 12530 13044
3.94
54.54 12355 12755
3.14
54.83 12215 1253012549 223 185 2.51

55.48 10734 11199
4.16
55.82 10562 10931
3.37
56.09 10424 1071813212 186 159 2.75

56.67 9150 9509
3.78
56.94 9008 9298
3.12
57.15 8892 9127 13949 156 136 2.58

57.33 7948 8278
3.99
57.57 7813 8081
3.32
57.76 7701 7921 14617 133 119 2.77

57.79 6919 7214
4.08
58.00 6794 7036
3.43
58.18 6691 6890 15308 115 104 2.89
Trang26
II. Tnh cach nhiet cho thiet b:

1. Chieu day lp cach nhiet buong ot:
Theo cong thc sau (V.137), trang 41, so tay tap 2:
d11, 2 .1,35tt12,3
= 2,8.
= 2,8.
q11,5
12161, 2.0,13721,35.1291,3
= 64 mm
4221,5
trong o:
d2 ng knh ngoai buong ot, d2 = 1216 mm
- he so cach nhiet cua vat lieu cach nhiet,
chon vat lieu cach nhiet la amiang : = 0,1372
W/ m0K
tt2 nhiet o mat ngoai cua buong ot, t t2 =
1290C
q1 nhiet o ton that tren 1 m2 be mat
theo bang V.7 : q1 = 422 W/ m2
2. Chieu day lp cach nhiet buong boc:
Theo cong thc sau (V.137), trang 41, so tay tap 2:
= 2,8.
= 2,8.
d11, 2 .1,35tt12,3
q11,5
20281, 2.0,13721,35.82,51,3
= 58 mm
4501, 5
trong o:
d2 ng knh ngoai buong boc, d2 = 2028 mm
- he so cach nhiet cua vat lieu cach nhiet,
chon vat lieu cach nhiet la amiang : = 0,1372
W/ m0K
tt2 nhiet o mat ngoai cua buong ot, t t2 =
82,50C
q1 nhiet o ton that tren 1 m2 be mat
theo bang V.7 : q1 = 450 W/ m2
3. Chieu day lp cach nhiet cua nap va ay:
Chon chieu day lp cach nhiet cua nap bang chieu
day lp cach nhiet cua buong boc, chon chieu day
lp cach nhiet cua ay bang chieu day lp cach
nhiet cua buong ot.
Trang27
III. Thi gian co ac:

1. Thi gian co ac dung dch ng:
Theo QT va TBTN tap 5:
=
dQ
K * F * (T t )
,s
Qd
Trong o:
Q lngnhiet do qua trnh un nong
nguyen lieu trc khi nhap vao noi co
ac, J
Q - tong nhiet cung cap cho co ac, J
t - nhiet o soi trung bnh cua dung dch, t
= tstb
T- nhiet o hi ot, T = 132,9oC
F - dien tch be mat truyen nhiet, F = 39,74
m2
K - he so truyen nhiet, K thay oi theo
nong o
8. Tnh toan tai cac nong o khac nhau va lap thanh bang so
lieu:
Nong
W, kg Q*10 - 9, J T-t, oK
o
8%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
0
4375
5625
6375
6875
7232
7500
7708
7875
8011
8125
8221
8304
8375
2.88
10.04
12.91
14.62
16.09
16.92
17.54
18.02
18.39
18.70
18.95
19.16
19.34
19.49
F, m2 K,W/m2 oK 1/(KF(T-t)).106, 1/W
52.11 50.89
51.69 50.89
51.37 50.89
51.02 50.89
68.47 50.89
68.14 50.89
67.80 50.89
67.42 50.89
67.02 50.89
66.59 47.50
66.13 42.48
65.64 38.36
65.12 34.76
64.57 31.71
762
666
641
528
431
372
323
263
219
185
159
136
119
104
0.4946
0.5712
0.5964
0.7299
0.6653
0.7757
0.8975
1.1063
1.3359
1.7085
2.2400
2.9126
3.7128
4.6870
Thi gian,
s
0
3817
1671
1136
1028
597
517
478
463
467
499
542
587
632
Trang28
Trong o:
Tnh W:
Wi = Gd Gd *
xd
xi
, kg
Wi - lng hi th boc hi tai nong o i.

xi - nong o dung dch.
Tnh Q:
Tai x=8% la Q do nguyen lieu mang vao:
Q = G*Ctb*tsoi = 9375*4014,74*76,44 = 2,88.109
J
Trong o: Q - nhiet lng dung e co ac
dung dch
Tai cac nong o khac Qc = W*(i''W - Cn*
t)*1000
i''W - enthanpi hi th ap suat hi th P tb
= Po + P, at.
Tra bang 57, VD va BT tap 10, tr447
Cn - nhiet dung rieng cua nc, Cn = 4190
J/kgK
tstb - nhiet o soi dung dch trung bnh
Tnh thi gian co ac: khi dung dch chuyen
t nong o nay (xi) sang nong o khac (xi+1)
mat mot thi gian c tnh theo cong thc:
i = (
kqi + kqi + 1
) * (Qi + 1 Qi )
2
vi:
kqi =
1
K i * Fi * (T t ) i
Trang29
9. Tong ket thi gian:

Thi gian dung e tiep tuc un nong nguyen lieu
en nhiet o soi T= 76,440C , theo cong thc 3.3 ,
Qua trnh va thiet b truyen nhiet, trang90 :
=
Gd .Ctb
T t
2579,52.4030,96 132,9 63
. ln D d =
ln
= 442 giay
K .F
tc t d
762.50,89
76,44 63
Trong o :
G - khoi lng dung dch ng , G =
2579,52 kg
Ctb - nhiet dung rieng cua dung dch.
Theo so tay tap 1, tr153:
C = 4190 - ( 2514 - 7,542*t )*x, J/kgoK
t = 30oC, x = 8% th
C1 = 4190 - ( 2514 - 7,542* 63 )*0,08 =4026,89
J/kgoK
t = 76,44 oC, x = 8% th
C2 = 4190 - ( 2514 - 7,542*76,44 )*0,08 = 4035,0
J/kgoK
Nen:
Ctb = (4026,89+ 4035,0 ) / 2 = 4030,96
o
J/kg K
tc - nhiet o cuoi qua trnh un nong , t c =
tsoitb = 76,44oC .
t - nhiet o nhap lieu sau khi qua thiet b
gia nhiet
t =63oC
K - he so truyen nhiet, K = 762 W/m2K
F - dien tch be mat truyen nhiet , F =
50,89 m2 .
Thi gian e co ac 9,086 m3 dung dch ng
xuong con 2,5 m3 la:
1 = 6570 giay = 2,066 gi.
Thi gian e co ac 2,5 m3 dung dch ng en
nong o 75% la:
2 = 5864 giay = 1,388 gi.
Thi gian nhap lieu 10 phut.
Thi gian thao san pham 10 phut.
Tong thi gian co ac cho 1 me la:
= 442+6570+ 5864 + 600 + 600 = 14076 giay =
3,91 gi.
Trang30
TNH THIET B CO AC
I. Tnh buong ot:
1. The tch dung dch au trong thiet b:
Gau = Vau* Vau = Gau / = 9375/ 1031,81 =
9,086 m3
Trong o:
Gau - khoi lng dung dch nhap lieu, G au = 9375
kg.
- khoi lng rieng dung dch nhap lieu, =
1031,81 kg/m3
2. The tch dung dch cuoi:
Gcuoi = Vcuoi* c Vcuoi = Gcuoi / c = 1000 / 1381,41 =
0,724 m3
Trong o:
Gcuoi - khoi lng dung dch cuoi, Gcuoi = 1000 kg.
c - khoi lng rieng dung dch cuoi, c = 1381,41
kg/m3
3. Tnh chon ng knh buong ot - so ong:
Goi:
Vt: the tch dung dch phan tren buong ot.
Vo: the tch dung dch trong ong truyen nhiet
va ong tuan hoan.
V: the tch dung dch ay thiet b.
Chon the tch dung dch trong noi co ac la 2,5 m 3,
nh vay:
Vau = Vt + Vo + V = 2,5 m3
Theo Qua trnh va thiet b truyen nhiet, trang182:
chieu cao dung dch trong ong truyen nhiet phai am
bao sao cho o ay cua chat long sau co ac la ln
hn 0,3*Hd
Chon:
V = 0,36 m3 ; Vo = 0,64 m3 ; Vt = 1,5 m3
Chon ong co kch thc d57/ 50 mm
Chon ng knh buong ot 1200 mm
Chon bc ong s =*d0 = 74,1mm (1,377)
Hd = 2 m
So ong truyen nhiet can thiet la:
n = Vo / ( ( * dt2 /4)* H )
n = 0,64 / ((*0,052/4)*2) = 162,97
Chon 163 ong.
Trang31
Bo tr ong nh tam giac tao thanh hnh luc giac

eu co ong tuan hoan gia. Theo cong thc V140,
trang 66, tap 5:
Dd = s*( b 1 ) + 4*do
Trong o:
do ng knh ngoai ong truyen nhiet, m
b = ( Dd 4*do )/s + 1 = (1200 - 4*57) / 74,1 + 1 = 14,11
Chon b = 13
Tong so ong trong thiet b la: n = 3*(b 2-1)/4 + 1 =
3*(132-1)/4 + 1 = 169 ong
ng knh ong tuan hoan: chon theo kinh nghiem d th
t 1/4 en 1/8 lan ng knh vo buong ot ( theo GT QT
va TBTN, tap 5, tr180). Chon theo day chuan: d th = 273
mm.
So ong tren ng cheo ong tuan hoan:
dth = s*( m-1 )
Trong o:
dth ng knh ong tuan hoan, mm
m' = (dth -4*do)/s +1 = (273-4*57)/ 74,1 +1 = 1,6 ong
Chon m = 5
Tong so ong tuan hoan b chiem cho:
n = 3*(m2-1)/4 + 1 = 3*(52-1)/4 + 1 = 19 ong
So ong truyen nhiet: 169 - 19 = 150 ong
Nham muc ch tang dien tch be mat truyen nhiet
them 12 ong trong 6 vien phan. Nh vay so ong truyen
nhiet la 162 ong.
The tch dung dch cha trong buong ot la:
Vo = Vong truyen nhiet + Vong tuan hoan
= Hd*162**dt2/4 + Hd**dth2/4
= 2*162**0,052/4 + 2**0,2732/4
= 0,753 m3
Ta thay chieu cao cua mc dung dch trong ong
truyen nhiet cuoi
cung:
H = ( 0,724-0,36)/ ( 162**0,052/4 +*0,2732/4)
= 0,9665 m > 0,3*Hd =0,6 m
Be mat truyen nhiet:
F = 162**dt*Hd
= 162**0,05*2
= 50,89 m2
Tnh kch thc ay non cua buong ot:
Trang32
Chieu cao ay non phu thuoc vao the tch ay,

ng knh ca thao lieu va ng knh buong ot .
Ta co:
Vd =
hgo . .Dd2
4
h non .
( Dd2 + d 2 + Dd .d )
3.4
0,36 = hg . 1,131 + hnon. 0,39

H = 778 mm
Trong o:
V = 0,36 m3: the tch ay.
Dd - ng knh buong ot, Dd = 1200 mm.
d - ng knh lo thao san pham, d = 40 mm.
hg chieu cao g, mm . Chon hg = 50 mm
hnon - chieu cao phan non, mm .
Nh vay:
So ong truyen nhiet la 162 ong co kch thc
d57/50.
Mot ong tuan hoan gia co ng knh d th =
273mm.
ng knh buong ot Dd =1200 mm.
Chieu cao buong ot Hd = 2 m.
Chieu cao mc dung dch cha trong ong cuoi co
ac la 0,9665 m.
Dien tch be mat truyen nhiet la F = 50,89 m 2.
The tch dung dch ay: 0,36 m3.
The tch dung dch trong buong ot: 0,753 m 3.
The tch dung dch trong buong boc: 1,387 m3.
II. Tnh buong boc:
1. ng knh buong boc:
a. Lu lng hi th trong buong boc:
Ta thay lng hi th trong giai oan au la ln nhat
nen lu lng hi th trong buong boc c tnh:
Vhoi =
Wi
4375
=
= 4,96 m 3 / s
i * i 0,2462 * 3517
Trong o:
Wi lng hi th boc hi trong thi gian i, Wi =
4375 kg
i khoi lng rieng cua hi th ap suat
buong boc P = 0,42 at, tra bang 57, VD va BT
tap 10, trang 447: i =0,2462 kg/m3
b. Van toc hi:
Trang33
Van toc hi th trong buong boc:

Whoi =
Vhoi
4,96
6,32
=
= 2
2
2
* Db * Db
Db
4
4
trong o:
Db ng knh buong boc, m
c. Van toc lang:
Theo cong thc 5.14, Qua trnh va thiet b truyen
nhiet, trang 182:
Wo =
4 * g * ( ' ' ' ) * d

=
3 * * ' '
4 * 9,81 * (927 0,2462 ) * 0,0003 3,56

= 0, 6
3 * 1,166 * Db1, 2 * 0,2462
Db
Trong o:
' - khoi lng rieng cua giot long, tra bang 57,
VD va BT tap 10, trang 427:' = 927 kg/m3
'' - khoi lng rieng cua hi tra bang 57, V du va
bai tap - tap 10, trang 447: '' = 0,2462 kg/m3
d - ng knh giot long, t dieu kien ta chon d
=0,0003 m.
g = 9,81 m/s2.
- he so tr lc, tnh theo Re:
W
*d *
Re =hoi
"
Vi - o nht ong lc hoc cua hi th

ap suat 0,42 at, tra theo Hnh I.35 trang
117 so tay tap 1: = 0,012.10-3Nm/s2
Neu 0,2 < Re < 500 th = 18,5 / Re0,6 =
1,166*Db1,2
Theo QT va TBTN tap 5: whoi < 70% - 80% wo.
Chon:
6,32
3,56
Whoi < 70% Wo D 2 < 0,7 * D 0,6

b
b
Db > 1,94 m.
Chon Db = 2 m ( theo day chuan ).
Kiem tra lai Re:
Re =
31,12
= 7,78 ( thoa 0,2 < Re < 500 )
22
Vay ng knh buong boc Db = 2000 mm.

2. Chieu cao buong boc:
Theo so tay tap 2, trang 72:
Utt = f*Utt (1 at ), m3/m3.h
Trang34
Utt = 1600*1,3 = 2080 m3/m3.h

Trong o:
f - he so hieu chnh do khac biet ap suat kh
quyen.
Tra so tay tap 2,VI.3 trang 72 ta co f = 1,3.
Utt(1 at ) - cng o boc hi the tch ap suat
kh quyen, at.
Ta chon cng o boc hi: U tt(1 at ) = 1600 m3/m3.h
(theo V du va bai tap - tap 10 ).
Cng o boc hi rieng ( wF ):
wF = Utt*h =2080*0,2462 = 544,096 kg/m3.h
The tch buong boc:
Vb = W / wF = 4375 / 544,096 = 8,04 m3
Chieu cao buong boc:
Hb =
4 * Vb
4 * 8,04
=
= 2,56 m
2
* D bb * 2 2
e an toan ta chon H b = 2,8 m (theo ieu kien cho qua

trnh soi sui bot).
3. Chieu cao phan chat long trong buong boc:
The tch dung dch cao nhat khi noi co ac cha 2,5
3
m:
( Db2 + Dd2 + D * D ) + H 2 *
* Db2 + H go * * Dd2
3* 4
4
4
1,387 = 0,25 *
(2 2 + 1,2 2 + 2 * 1,2) + H 2 *
* 2 2 + 0,05 * * 1,2 2
3* 4
4
4
Vt = H 1 *
H2 = 0,26 m = 260 mm
Trong o:
Dd - ng knh buong ot, Dd = 1,2 m
Db - ng knh buong boc, Db= 2 m
H2 chieu cao cot chat long tren phan hnh
non (khong g).
Hg - chieu cao g cua phan non. Chon H g = 0,05
m = 50 mm
H1 - chieu cao cot chat long trong hnh non.
Chon H1 = 0,25 m
Nh vay chieu cao trong buong ot la:
H1 + H2 + Hg = 0,25 + 0,26 +0,05 = 0,56 m.
4. The tch khong gian hi:
Ta co:
Vhi = Vtru + Vnap = (2,8-0,56)..22/4 + 1,205 = 8,24 m3
( thoa)
trong o:
Trang35
Vhi : the tch khong gian hi can thiet trong buong

boc.
Vtru : the tch khong gian hi trong phan tru.
Vnap : the tch khong gian hi cua nap.
III. Tnh ng ong va cac ca cua thiet b co ac:
1. ng ong dan hi th:
d hoi =
4 * Vhoi
=
*w
4 * 4,69
= 0,386 m = 386 mm
* 40
Trong o:
Vhoi - lu lng hi th trong ong, m3/s
w - toc o hi th trong ong, w = 40 m/s (theo so
tay tap 2, trang 74)
2. ng ong nhap lieu:
d nl =
4 * 4,17.10 3
= 0,052 m = 52 mm
*2
4 * Vnl
=
*w
Trong o:
Vnl - lu lng dung dch nhap lieu trong ong:
Vnl =
Gd
2579,6
=
= 4,17.10 3
* 600 *1031,86
m3 / s
G - khoi lng dung dch nhap lieu 2,5 m 3, G

=2579,6 kg/me.
nl- thi gian nhap lieu, nl = 10 phut = 600 s
ddnl - khoi lng rieng dung dch nhap lieu, ddnl =
1031,86 kg/m3.
w - toc o dung dch trong ong, w = 2 m/s (chon
theo so tay tap 2, tr74)
3. ng ong thao lieu:
d tl =
4 * Vtl
=
*w
4 * 1,2.10 3
= 0,039 m = 39 mm
*1
Trong o:
Vtl - lu lng dung dch thao lieu trong ong:
Vnl =
Gc
1000
=
= 1,2.10 3
tl * c 600 *1381,4
m3 / s
Gc - khoi lng dung dch thao lieu, G c = 1000

kg/me.
tl - thi gian thao lieu, tl = 10 phut = 600 s.
c - khoi lng rieng dung dch thao lieu, c =
1381,4 kg/m3.
w - toc o dung dch thao lieu trong ong, w = 1
m/s (chon theo so tay tap 2, tr74)
4. ng ong vao hi ot:
Trang36
4 * Vd
=
*w
d hd =
4 * 0,466
= 0,172 m = 172 mm
* 20
Trong o:
Vd - lu lng hi ot trong ong:
Vd =
D
9707,68
=
= 0,483m 3 / s
a .D 12434 * 1,618
D - lng hi ot cung cap cho qua trnh co ac, D

= 9707,68 kg/me.
a - thi gian cua qua trnh, a = 12434 s / me.
D - khoi lng rieng hi ot, D = 1,618 kg/m3.
w - toc o hi ot trong ong, w = 20 m/s (chon theo
ST tap 2, tr74)
5. ng ong xa nc ngng:
4 * Vx
=
*w
dx =
4 * 8,09.10 4
= 0,022 m = 22 mm
*2
Trong o:
Vx - lu lng nc ngng trong ong:
Vx =
*
a
9707,68
= 8,38.10 4 m 3 / s
12434 * 932
D - lng hi ngng cung cap cho ca qua trnh, D =

9707,68 kg/me.
a - thi gian cua qua trnh, a = 12434 s / me.
n - khoi lng rieng nc ngng, n = 932 kg/m3.
w - toc o nc ngng trong ong, w = 2 m/s (chon :
ST tap 2, tr74)
Tong ket ve ng ong (t o chon cac ca cua
thiet b ): da tren bang 9.1, trang 76, Cac QT va TB
trong CN Hoa Chat va Thc Pham.
ng knh
Chon
Loai ong
tnh
ng
toan(mm) knh (mm)
Hi th
Hi ot
Nc
ngng
Nhap
lieu
Thao
lieu
ng
ng
knh
Be
knh trong
danh
day(mm)
(in)
ngha (in)
16
393.70
6
8
211.56
4
386
172
400
120
22
30
3/4
22.45
52
56
54.79
39
40
1 1/2
42.72
Trang37
Trang38
TNH C KH CHO CAC CHI TIET THIET B

I. Tnh cho buong ot:
1. S lc ve cau tao:
Buong ot co ng knh trong D d=1200mm, chieu
cao Hd=2000mm
Than co 4 lo: 1 lo thao nc ngng, 1 lo xa kh
khong ngng va 2 lo dan hi ot.
Vat lieu la thep khong g ma hieu X18H10T.
Than chu ap suat trong la ap suat d 2 at = 0,2
N/mm2
2. Tnh toan:
a. Tnh be day toi thieu ( S' ):
Ap suat tnh toan la Pt = 0,2 N/mm2. Do o, thiet
b chu ap suat tuyet oi la 3 at. Tra bang 57, so
tay tap 2, trang 443 ta co nhiet o hi ot la
132,9oC nhiet o tnh toan la 132,9 oC.
Tra o th h1-2, [13], trang 22: ta co ng suat cho
phep tieu chuan cua vat lieu la [ ]* = 118
N/mm2.
Chon he so hieu chnh =1, ta c ng suat cho
phep cua vat lieu la:
[ ] = [ ]*. = 118 N/mm2.
Xet:
[]. 118.0,95
=
=560,5 > 25
Pt
0,2
Theo CT 5-3, [13],tr 130:

S' =
Dt .Pt
1200.0,2
=
=1,07 mm
2.[ ]. 2.118.0,95
Trong o:
-he so ben moi han, = 0,95
Dt - ng knh ben trong than thiet b, D t =
1200 mm
Pt ap suat ben trong thiet b, P t =0,2
N/mm2
b. Be day than (S):
Chon he so bo sung be day: C = C a + Cb + Cc + Co
= 3,93 mm.
Xem vat lieu nh ben c hoc: Cb = 0, Cc = 0.
Chon he so an mon hoa hoc la C a = 1.
Trang39
Chon he so Co thoa ieu kien bang 5.1, [13],tr 128

la Co = 2,93 mm.
Be day than: S = S' + C = 4 mm.
Trang40
c. Kiem tra be day buong ot:

Theo CT 5-10, [13], trang 131:
S Ca
4 1
=
= 0,0025 < 0,1
Dt
1200
(thoa)
Ap suat tnh toan cho phep trong buong boc:

[ P] =
=
2.[ ]. .( S Ca )
Dt + ( S Ca )
2.118.0,95.(4 1)
= 0,559 N / mm 2 > Pt = 0,2 N / mm 2
1200 + (4 1)
Vay be day buong ot la 4 mm.

3. Tnh ben cho cac lo:
ng knh knh cho phep khong can tang cng:
d max = 3,7.3 Dt .( S C a ).(1 )
= 3,7.3 1200.(8 1).(1 0,126) = 72 mm
trong o:
Dt ng knh trong cua buong ot, Dt = 1200 mm
S be day buong ot, S = 8 mm
- he so ben cua lo:
=
P.Dt
0,2.1200
=
= 0,126
( 2,3.[ ] P ).( S C a ) ( 2,3.118 0,2).(8 1)
Nh vay ta can tang cng cho 2 lo cua hi ot vao.

Chon be day khau tang cng bang be day than.
ng knh ngoai Dtc= 180 mm.
II. Tnh cho buong boc:
1. S lc cau tao:
Buong boc co ng knh trong la 2000 mm, chieu
cao 2800 mm.
Than co 1 lo nhap lieu. Cuoi buong boc la
phan hnh non co g lien ket buong boc va
buong ot.
Vat lieu la thep khong g X18H10T.
2. Tnh toan:
Buong boc lam viec ieu kien chan khong
nen chu ap lc t ben ngoai.
Ap suat chan khong tuyet oi ben trong thap
nhat la 0,21 at. Nh vay thiet b chu ap suat
ngoai la Pn = 1+ (1-0,21)=1,79 at.
Theo CT 5-14, [13], trang 133:
Pn . l '
S =1,18 . Dt .
E. D
t
'
0, 4
0, 4
0,179.2800
=1,18 .2000.
5
1,85.10 .2000
=10,61mm
Trang41
Trong o:
Dt ng knh ben trong than thiet b, D t = 2000
mm.
Pn ap suat tnh toan ben ngoai tac ong vao
than.
H1 chieu cao cot chat long tren buong boc.
H2 chieu cao cot chat long phan non gia
buong boc va buong ot.
E modul an hoi cua vat lieu nhiet o tnh
toan, E =1,85.105 N/mm2
l' chieu dai tnh toan cua than, la chieu dai
gia hai bt.
b. Be day than (S):
Chon he so bo sung be day: C = C a + Cb + Cc + Co
= 3,39 mm.
Xem vat lieu nh ben c hoc: Cb = 0, Cc = 0.
Chon he so an mon hoa hoc la C a = 1.
Chon he so Co = 2,39 mm.
Be day buong boc: S = S' + C = 14 mm.
c. Kiem tra be day buong boc:
Theo CT 5-15 va 5-16, [13],tr 131:
l'
2800
=
=1,4
Dt
2000
3
2.( S Ca )
1,85.105 2(14 1)
0,3. .
=
0
,
3
.
.
= 0,422
t
Dt
195
2000
Et
1,5.
2.( S C a )
2.(14 1)
= 1,5.
= 0,171
Dt
2000
Dt
=
2( S C a )
2000
= 8,77
2.(14 1)
V:
1,5.
2( S Ca )
l'
= 0,171
= 1,4
Dt
Dt
Dt
= 8,77
2( S Ca )
l'
E 2( S Ca )
= 1,4 0,3.
.
= 0,422
Dt
c
Dt
nen thoa man ieu kien ben than.

Ap suat tnh toan cho phep trong thiet b:
Trang42
2.[ n ] .( S C a )
[ Pn ] =
2
2
l ' .Dt ct

Dt .1 + 1,02.
.
( S C a ) 3 E t
2.307.(14 1)
=
2
2800 2.2000 195

2000.(1 + 1,02.
.

(14 1) 3 1,85.10 5
= 0,439 N / mm 2 > Pn = 0,179 N / mm 2
[n]- ng suat nen cho phep cua vat lieu,

[n]=2,6*118 = 307 N/mm2
ct - ng suat chay cua vat lieu: ct =1,65*118 =195
N/mm2
d. Kiem tra o on nh cua than khi chu tac dung cua
lc nen chieu truc:
Tnh:
.( Dt + 2 S ) 2
.Pn
4
.(2000 + 2.14) 2
=
.(0,179 + 1114,8.9,81.0,56.10 6 ) = 597454 N
4
Pct =
Dt
2000
=
= 80 < 250
2( S Ca ) 2(14 1)
kc =0,085
Tra kc [13], tr140: kc 0,098

K c = 875
ct
195
k = 875
.0,085 = 0,078
t c
E
1,85105
Kiem tra on nh:

S Ca = 13 >
Pct
597454
=
= 3,575
t
.K c .E
.0,078.1,85.105
Nen ta tnh ng suat nen:

n =
Pct
.( Dt + S )( S Ca )
597454
.(2000 + 14)(14 1)
= 7,26 N / mm 2
ng suat nen cho phep:
[ n ] = K c .E t
S Ca
14 1
= 0,078.1,85.10 5.
= 93,795 N / mm 2
Dt
2000
Khi than chu tac dung ong thi ap lc ngoai va

lc nen chieu truc:
n
P
7,26
0,179
+ n =
+
= 0,485 < 1 (thoa )
[ n ] [ Pn ] 93,795 0,439
Vay be day buong boc la 14 mm.

Trang43
d max = 3,7.3 Dt .( S Ca ).(1 )

= 3,7.3 2000.(14 1).(1 0,1) =105 mm
trong o:
Dt ng knh trong cua buong boc, Dt = 2000 mm
S be day buong boc, S = 14 mm
- he so ben cua lo:
=
P.Dt
0,179.2000
=
= 0,1
(2,3.[ ] P).( S C a ) (2,3.118 0,179).(14 1)
Nh vay ta can tang cng cho 3 lo : 1 lo ca ngi

va 2 lo knh quan sat.
Ca ngi:
Chon be day khau tang cng bang 20mm.
Knh quan sat:
Chon be day khau tang cng bang 20mm.
III. Tnh cho ay thiet b:
1. S lc cau tao:
Chon ay non tieu chuan Dt = 1200mm.
Co khoan 2 lo: lo th mau va lo ong ch mc.
Vat lieu lam ay la thep khong g X18H10T.
ay non co g: Ht = 778 mm, Hg = 50 mm.
2. Tnh toan:
ay co ap suat tuyet oi ben trong la: P o = 0,21
N/mm2.
ay chu ap suat ngoai Pn = 0,179 N/mm2
Chon s bo be day ay la 8 mm.
Lc tnh toan P nen ay:
P = (/4).Dn2.Pn =(/4). (1200 + 16)2. 0,179 = 207879 N.
Trong o:
Dn ng knh ngoai, mm
Pn ap suat tac dung len ay thiet b, P n = 0,142
N/mm2.
Lc nen chieu truc cho phep:
[P]
=.Kc.Et.(S
Ca)2.cos2
=.0,098.1,85.105.(81)2.cos237,5o
[P] = 1756617 N.
vi:
E module an hoi cua vat lieu lam ay, E =
1,85.105 N/mm2
Trang44
Kc he so phu thuoc
D' =
0,9.Dt + 0,1.d 0,9.1200 + 0,1.40

=
= 1366 mm
cos
cos 37,5o
D'
1366
=
= 98,6 kc 0,098
2( S Ca ) 2(8 1)
K c = 875
V:
1,5.
ct
195
k = 875
.0,098 = 0,0903
t c
E
1,85.105
2.( S C a )
l'
=
0
,
151
<
= 0,606 <
D'
D'
D'
= 9,88
2.( S C a )
E t 2( S Ca )
l'
0,3. .
=
0
,
295
<
= 0,606
c D'
D'
Nen:
2
[ Pn ] = 0,649.E . D' . S C' a . S C' a = 0,372 N / mm 2

l' D
D
t
Tnh kiem tra o on nh cua ay:

P
Pn
207879
0,179
+
=
+
= 0,599 <1
[ P ] [ Pn] 1756617 0,372
Vay be day ay la 8 mm.

Ta thay cac lo tren ay thoa cac ieu kien:
d < 200mm
d<0,6.Dt
Nen khong can tang cng cho lo.
IV. Tnh nap thiet b:
1. S lc cau tao:
Chon nap elip theo tieu chuan.
Chon nap co g, chieu cao g h = 40 mm.
ng knh trong 2000 mm, ng knh lo 400 mm.
Vat lieu la thep khong g X18H10T.
Nap chu ap suat ngoai nh buong boc: 0,179
N/mm2.
2. Tnh toan be day nap:
oi vi elip tieu chuan: ht / Dt = 0,25
Th ht = 500 mm, Rt = Dt = 2000 mm.
Chon s bo be day nap bang be day than buong
boc: 10 mm.
Xet t so:
Rt 2000
=
= 200
S
10
Trang45
0,15.E t
0,15.1,85.10 5
=
=193,38
x.c
0,7.205
Rt
0,15.E
= 200 >
= 193,38
S
x. c
Trong o:
Et module an hoi cua vat lieu, E = 1,85.10 5
N/mm2
c - ng suat chay cua vat lieu nhiet o lam
viec ttb = 800C
c = 1,65*124 = 205 N/mm2
x= 0,7 (thep khong g ).
Theo 6-6, [13],tr166: ap suat ngoai cho phep
[ Pn ] = 0,09.E t S Ca
K .Rt
10 1
= 0,09.1,85.105
0,956.2000
= 0,369 N / mm 2 > P n = 0,142 N / mm 2
Trong o:
Et module an hoi cua vat lieu, E = 1,85.10 5
N/mm2
K- he so phu thuoc ht/Dt va Rt/S, tra bang trang
167 .
Vay be day nap la 10 mm.
d max = 0,95.Dt (1 ) = 0,95.2000.(1 0,07) =1767 mm
trong o:
Dt ng knh trong cua nap, Dt = 2000 mm
S be day nap, S = 10 mm
- he so ben cua lo:
P Dt Dt
0,179 2000 2000
.
=
.
+ 1 =
.
1 = 0,07
.
4.118 10 1 2.550
4.[ ] S C a 2.H
Nh vay ta khong can tang cng cho lo thoat hi

th.
Trang46
V. Tnh mat bch:

Ta dung mat bch e noi than thiet b vi nhau,
cung nh vi ay va nap thiet b. Chon mat bch bang
thep, bch ri ( kieu bch :1 ).
1. Mat bch noi buong ot va buong boc:
Buong ot va buong boc noi vi nhau theo ng
knh buong ot 1200mm
Chon bch ri e noi.
Chon d phong ap suat trong than la 0,3 N/mm 2 e
bch kn than.
Tra bang XIII.27, so tay tap 2, trang 417: ta c cac
kch thc cua bch:
ng knh vanh ngoai bch D = 1340 mm.
ng knh cho en tam bulong Db = 1290 mm.
ng knh en vanh ngoai em D1 = 1260 mm.
ng knh en vanh trong em Do = 1213 mm.
Bulong: ng knh db = M 20, So lng Z = 32 cai
Be day bch: h = 25 mm.
2. Mat bch noi buong ot va ay:
Buong ot va ay noi vi nhau theo ng knh
buong ot la 1200 mm.
Chon bch ri e noi.
Chon ap suat trong than la 0,3 N/mm 2 e bch kn
than.
Tra bang XIII.28, so tay tap 2, trang 421: ta c cac
kch thc cua bch:
Bulong: ng knh db = M 20, So lng Z = 32 cai
3. Mat bch noi buong boc va nap:
Buong boc va nap vi nhau theo ng knh buong
boc la 2000 mm.
Chon bch ri e noi.
Ap suat trong than la 0,042 N/mm 2. Chon ap suat la
0,1 N/mm2
Tra bang XIII.27, so tay tap 2, trang 417: ta c kch
thc cua bch:
Trang47

Bulong: ng knh db = M20, So lng Z = 44 cai
Trang48
VI. Tnh v ong:

V ong phai gi chat cac ong truyen nhiet.
Gi nguyen dang v ong trc va sau khi nong.
Ben vi tac dung ng suat do ap suat 0,3 N/mm 2
va nhiet o hi ot la TD = 132,90 C.
Chon v ong loai phang tron.
Chon vat lieu la thep khong g X18H10T, gii
han ben uon la:
[u ] = 2,6*118 =307 N/mm2.
1. Tnh cho v ong tren buong ot:
Vi v ong thep, theo (619), [13], trang 212, chieu
day tnh toan toi thieu ngoai:
h1' = K .Dt
Po
[ u ]
= 0,36.1200.
0,0475
= 5,37 mm
307
Trong o:
K = 0,36 (chon).
Dt ng knh v, Dt = 1200 mm.
Po = 0,42. 9,81.10-2 +1153,3.9,81.0,56.10-6 = 0,0475
N/mm2.
Vi:1153,3 kg/ m3 - khoi lng rieng ln nhat cua
dung dch co the at c.
Chieu day v ong pha gia:
h ' = K .Dt
Po
0,0475
= 0,6.1200.
= 15,1 mm
o .[ u ]
0,3558.307
Trong o
K=(0,45 0,6), chon K = 0,6
o - he so lam yeu v ong
o =
Dt d 1200 773
=
= 0,3558
Dt
1200
d tong ng knh cac lo:

d =dth +n*dt-ong = 273+10*50 = 773mm
Chon s bo h = 25 mm. ( bang be day bch)
Kiem tra ben v ong:
ng suat uon cua v la
u =
Po
3,6.(1 0,7.
dn h ' 2
)( )
l l
0,0475
57
25
3,6(1 0,7
)(
)2
o
74,1. cos 30 74,1. cos 30 o
= 0,23 < [ u ] = 307 N / mm 2
Trong o:
l =74,1.cos 300, mm cac ong bo tr theo nh tam
giac eu.
Trang49
dn ng knh ngoai ong, dn = 57 mm.

Vay v ong pha tren day 25 mm.
2. Tnh cho v ong di buong ot:
Vi v ong thep,theo 619,[13],tr 212, chieu day tnh
toan toi thieu ngoai:
h1' = K .Dt
Po
[ u ]
= 0,36.1200.
0,0759
= 6,79mm
307
Trong o:
K = 0,36 (chon).
Dt ng knh v, Dt = 1400 mm.
Po = 0,42. 9,81.10-2 + 1381,4.9,81.2,56.10-6 = 0,0759
N/mm2.
Vi:
1381,4 kg/m3 khoi lng rieng ln nhat cua dung
dch (d phong).
2,56 m chieu cao dung dch en v.
Chieu day v ong pha gia:
h ' = K .Dt
Po
0,0759
= 0,5.1200.
= 18,98mm
o .[ u ]
0,3558.307
Trong o
- he so lam yeu g ong
=
Dt d 1200 773
=
= 0,3558
Dt
1200
d tong ng knh cac lo.

Chon s bo h = 25 mm. ( bang be day bch)
Kiem tra ben v ong:
ng suat uon cua v la
u =
P
dn h '
3,6(1 0,7 )( ) 2
l
l
0,0759
57
25
3,6(1 0,7
)(
)2
o
74,1. cos 30
74,1. cos 30 o
= 0,367 N / mm 2 < 307 N / mm 2
Trong o:
l = 74,1.cos 30o, mm cac ong bo tr theo nh tam
giac eu.
dn ng knh ngoai ong, dn = 57 mm.
Vay v ong pha di day 25 mm.
Trang50
VII. Tnh tai treo chan :

1. S lc cau tao tai treo chan :
Lam bang thep CT3 .
Chon so tai la 2, co 2 gan tren 1 tai
2. The tch cac bo phan thiet b:
a. The tch thep lam ong truyen nhiet (V vlo):
Vvlo =
.H
n( d n2 dt2 ) + ( Dth2 , n Dth2 , t )

4
.2
=
162(0,057 2 0,052 ) + (0,2832 0,2732 )
4
= 0,201 m3
Trong o:
dn, dt - ng knh ngoai va trong cua cac ong
truyen nhiet.
Dtht, Dtht - ng knh ngoai va trong cua ong tuan
hoan.
H - chieu cao cac ong truyen nhiet.
b. The tch thep lam buong ot (Vvlb):
Vvlbd =
.H
4
( Dd2,n Dd2,t ) =
.2
4
(1,216 2 1,2 2 ) = 0,0607 m 3
Trong o:
H chieu cao buong ot (bang chieu cao ong
truyen nhiet )
D,n, D,t - ng knh ngoai va trong cua buong
ot.
c. The tch thep lam ay non (Vvl):
The tch ben trong ay:
Vt = 0,36 m3
The tch ben ngoai:
Vdn = hgo .
.Dd2,n
.hnon
( Dd2,n + d 2 + Dd2,n .d )
4
3.4
.1,216 2 .0,778
= 0,05
+
(1,216 2 + 0,046 2 + 1,216.0,046)
4
3. 4
3
= 0,3711 m
Vvl = Vn Vt = 0,3711 0,36 = 0,0111 m3.

Trong o:
Dd,n - ng knh ben ngoai cua phan ay ln
( co ng knh trong bang vi buong ot ).
d - ng knh ngoai lo thao san pham.
hnon chieu cao phan non cua ay.
hg - chieu cao g.
d. The tch thep lam buong boc (Vvlbb):
Trang51
The tch ben trong buong boc khong co nap:

Vb ,t = htru .
.Db2,t
.hnon
( Db2,t + Dd2,t + Db ,t .Dd ,t ) + hgo .
.Dd2,t
4
3.4
4
2
2
.2
.0,25 2
.1,2
= 2,24.
+
(2 +1,2 2 + 2.1,2) + 0,05.
4
3.4
4
3
= 7,6068 m
The tch ben ngoai:

Vb ,n = htru .
.Db2,n
.hnon
.Dd2,n
+
( D + D + Db ,n .Dd ,n ) + hgo .
4
3.4
4
2
.2,028
.0,25
.1,216 2
= 2,24
+
(2,028 2 +1,216 2 + 2,028.1,216) + 0,05
4
3.4
4
3
= 7,8174 m
2
b ,n
2
d ,n
The tch thep can:

Vvlbb = Vb,n Vb,t = 7,8174 7,6068 = 0,2106 m3.
Trong o:
Db,n, Db,t - ng knh ben ngoai va ben trong cua
buong boc.
Dd,n, Dd,t: ng knh ben ngoai va ben trong cua
buong ot.
htru chieu cao phan tru cua buong boc.
hnon chieu cao phan hnh non.
hg chieu cao g gia buong boc va buong
ot.
The tch thep lam nap elip (Vvln):
Nap elip tieu chuan co:
Dt = 2000 mm.
S = 10 mm.
h = 40 mm.
Tra bang XIII.11, so tay tap 2,tr 384:
Khoi lng thep can la 367,64 kg
e. The tch thep lam v ong va bch:
The tch thep lam v ong bao gom ca 2 bch:
Tong dien tch cac lo:
162 * *
0,057 2
0,02 2
+ 32 * *
= 0,4234 m 2
4
4
0,283
Dien tch ong tuan hoan trung tam: .
4
Dien tch v:
.1,34 2
4
= 0,0629 m 2
= 1,4103 m 2
Dien tch con lai: 1,4103 0,4234 0,0629=0,924 m2.

The tch v: Vvlv = 0,924.( 0,025 + 0,025 ) = 0,0462 m3.
The tch thep bch con lai:
Trang52
Vb = 0,025 * 2 *
(1,34 2 1,216 2 ) + 0,032 * 2 *
( 2,140 2 2,028 2 )
= 0,03591 m 3
3. Khoi lng cac bo phan thiet b:

Chon vat lieu la thep khong g, = 7982,5 kg /m3
Khoi lng ong: Go = Vvlo. = 0,201. 7982,5 =
1604,48 kg
Khoi lng buong ot: Gbd = Vvlbd. = 0,0607. 7982,5
= 484,54 kg
Khoi lng buong boc: G bb = Vvlbb.= 0,2106.7982,5 =
1681,27 kg
Khoi lng nap: Gn = 367,64 kg
Khoi lng ay: G = Vvl. = 0,0111. 7982,5 = 88,6 kg
Khoi lng v ong: G v = Vvlv. = 0,044945 *7982,5 =
358,77 kg
Khoi lng cua bch: Gb= Vb. = 0,03591*7850 =282
kg
4. Tong khoi lng:
Khoi lng thiet b:
GTB = Go + Gbd + Gbb + Gn + G + Gv + Gb = 4867,3 kg.
Khoi lng dung dch nang nhat co the co trong noi
co ac:
Gdd = 2,5* 1153,3 = 2883,25kg.
Tong khoi lng: G = GTB + Gdd = 4867,3 +2883,25=7750
kg.
Tai trong cho 1 tai ( P ):
P = G.9,81 = 7750. 9,81 = 76033 N =7,6033.104 N.
Chon chan tai treo:
D phong chon tai trong la 12.104 N
Chon vat lieu la thep CT3.
Chon thiet b gom 2 tai treo.
Tai trong moi tai treo: 6.104 N.
Tra bang XIII.36, so tay tap 2, trang 438 ta co cac kch
thc tai treo, chan :
Khoi
G.10-4 F.104 q.10-6
Ten goi
L B B1 H S L a d
lng
N
m2 N/m2
tai treo, kg
10
4 1
46
6
Tai treo
451
1,33 230 200 205 350 12
25 34
13,2
0
10
Tai treo 2 6
451 1,33 230 200 205 350 12
25 34
13,2
0
Trang53
Trang54
THIET B TRUYEN NHIET

I. S lc ve che o hoat ong va lam viec cua thiet b truyen
nhiet:
Thiet b truyen nhiet trong he thong co ac dung
e un nong nguyen lieu at nhiet soi trc khi vao
noi co ac. Hoat ong theo 2 qua trnh:
un nong on nh: un nong nguyen lieu cung
cap lien tuc cho noi co ac trong giai oan nhap
lieu.
un nong khong on nh: un nong 2,5 m3 nguyen
lieu cung cap cho me tiep theo, giai oan ngng
nhap lieu nguyen lieu se c un nong tuan
hoan be 2,5 m3 cho en khi ket thuc me.
S dung hi th cua noi co ac co nhiet o T ht
=82,50C.
II. Tnh he so truyen nhiet:
1). Nhiet tai rieng pha hi ngng (q1):
Theo cong thc (V.101), so tay tap 2, trang 28:
r
H
*
t
1
1 = 2,04 * A *
0 , 25
q1 = 1 * t1
(1)
Trong o:
r - an nhiet ngng tu cua hi th ap suat 0,41
at.
Tra bang 57, VD va BT tap 10, trang 447: r =
2230.103 J/kg
H - chieu cao ong truyen nhiet, chon H = 2 m.
A - phu thuoc nhiet o mang nc ngng t m = (tD +
tv1)/2
A tra so tay tap 2, trang 28.
vi tht, tv1: nhiet o hi th va vach pha hi
ngng.
1 - he so cap nhiet pha hi ngng, W/m 2K.
2. Nhiet tai rieng pha tng (qv):
Theo BT va VD tap 10:
qv =
tv1 tv2
rv
tv = tv1 -tv2 = rv*qv = 0,75.10-3* qv (2)
Trong o:
rv - tong tr vach.
rv = r1 + / + r2
Trang55
= ( 0,464 + 2/17,5 + 0,172 )*10-3 = 0,75.10-3 W/m2K

vi
r1 - nhiet tr mang nc, r1 = 0,464.10-3 m2
o
K / W.
r2 - nhiet tr lp can, r2 = 0,172.10-3 m2 oK /
W.
- be day ong, =( do - dt ) / 2 = ( 27 25 )/ 2
= 2 mm
- he so dan nhiet cua ong, = 17,5 m2
o
K / W (vi ong la thep khong g )
tv: chenh lech nhiet o cua tng, tv =
tv1 - tv2, oK
12. Nhiet tai rieng pha dung dch (q2):
He so cap nhiet 2 pha dung dch c tnh theo cong
thc (VI.25), so tay tap 2, trang 69:
2 = 2,72..P 0, 4 .q20, 7 , W / m 2 .0 K (3)
Trong o:
- he so thc nghiem, dung dch ng = 0,57
P ap suat trong ong, at
4. Tien trnh tnh cac nhiet tai rieng:
Khi qua trnh co ac dien ra on nh:
q1 = q2 = qv
(4)
tv1 = tD - tv1
(5)
tv =tv1 - tv2
(6)
t2 = tv2 - tsoitb
(7)
Dung phng phap so ta lan lt tnh theo cac bc
sau:
Bc 1: Chon nong o dung dch, t o tra c
cac thong so bang 2
Bc 2: Chon nhiet o tng pha hi ngng: t v1, tnh
c t1 theo (5) vi tht = 82,5oC.
Bc 3: Tnh c q1 theo (1).
Bc 4:Tnh he so cap nhiet pha dung dch, ta tm
2 theo (3)
Bc 5: Tnh tv theo (2). Tnh c tv2 = tv + tv1
Bc 6: Tnh t2 theo (7) vi tsoitb =76,440C.
Bc 7: Tnh c q2 theo cong thc: q2 = 2 * t2
Bc 8: So sanh sai so gia q 1 va qtb, vi qtb = (q1
+ q2) / 2. at gia tr o la ss:
Trang56
Neu ss ln th quay ve bc 2 va co s hieu

chnh nhiet o t1:
t1(mi] = (1 - ss)* t1, t o tnh lai c tv1 =
tD - t1.
Neu ss nho th ngng.
Phep lap se co ss hoi tu ve 0. Do o vi so lan
lap ln ta se co ket qua q 1, q2 va qv se cung tien ve
hang so o chnh la gia tr can tm.
Trang57
7. Ket qua: sau khi a thc hien phep lap, ta c ket qua
cua hai lan lap cuoi cung la:
a. He so truyen nhiet cho qua trnh un nong on nh:
Lan
tnh
1
2
3
Pha dung dch

q1 Tht t1 tv1
170.16 6104 82.5 0.3 82.15

170.17 5948 82.5 0.34 82.16
170.17 5815 82.5 0.33 82.17
tv
4.58
4.46
4.36
Pha hi ngng
tv2
tstb
t2 q2
77.6
77.7
77.8
76.44
76.44
76.44
1.13
1.26
1.37
784
857
917
qtb
3444
3403
3366
K ss%
17440 692 428 3.4%

17592 680 423 3%
17725 669 419 2.7%
b. He so truyen nhiet cho qua trnh un nong khong on

nh:
Lan
tnh
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
163.08
163.09
163.09
163.09
163.09
163.10
163.10
163.10
163.10
163.10
Pha dung dch

q1
Tht t1 tv1
5598
5393
5235
5104
4991
4890
4799
4716
4639
4568
68.3
68.3
68.3
68.3
68.3
68.3
68.3
68.3
68.3
68.3
0.3
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.26
0.25
68.00
68.02
68.03
68.04
68.05
68.05
68.06
68.07
68.07
68.08
tv
4.20
4.04
3.93
3.83
3.74
3.67
3.60
3.54
3.48
3.43
Pha hi ngng
tv2
tstb t2
q2
63.8
64.0
64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.5
64.5
64.6
64.7
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
0.80
0.97
1.10
1.21
1.30
1.39
1.46
1.53
1.59
1.65
523
617
685
739
784
822
855
885
911
934
qtb
3060
3005
2960
2922
2888
2856
2827
2800
2775
2751
16962
17175
17346
17493
17625
17745
17857
17962
18060
18154
652
635
622
611
601
593
585
578
571
565
K ss%
412
405
400
395
391
388
384
381
379
376
4.9%
3.9%
3.3%
3%
2.7%
2.5%
2.3%
2.2%
2%
1.9%
I. Tnh toan qua trnh un nong on nh:

1. Cac ai lng lien quan:
Tong lng hi th dung un nong W1= 6588 kg
Trong khoang thi gian 1= 6570 giay
Khoi lng dung dch can un nong la G1= 6588 kg
Nong o dung dch la 8%
Nhiet o vao cua dung dch t1= 300C
Nhiet o cuoi cua dung dch t1=76,440C
Nhiet o hi th tht=82,50C
10. Lng nhiet can thiet e un nong en nhiet o soi:
Q1 =W1.(t1 - t1)=(6588/6570)*4020,99*(76,44 30)=0,187.106
W
Trong o:
G1 = 6588 kg.
Ctb - nhiet dung rieng cua dung dch:
C = 4190 - ( 2514 - 7,542*t )*x, J/kgoK
Trang58
t = 30oC, x = 8% th
C1 = 4190 - ( 2514 - 7,542* 30 )*0,08 =4006,98 J/kgoK
t = 76,44 oC, x = 8% th
C2 = 4190 - ( 2514 - 7,542*76,44 )*0,08 = 4035,0 J/kgoK
Nen Ctb = (4006,98+ 4035,0 ) / 2 = 4020,99 J/kgoK
3. Lng nhiet hi th cung cap cho qua trnh un nong (Q2 ):
Q1 = W1*r =6588*2325.103 =15,371 .109 J
Trong o:
W1- Tong lng hi th dung un nong, W1= 6588
kg
r - an nhiet ngng tu cua hi ot ap suat la
0,41j at.
Tra bang 57, VD va BT T10, trang 443: r = 2325.103 J/kg
4. Tnh toan:
Qua trnh un trao oi nhiet ngc chieu.
t log =
(81 30) (81 76,44)

= 19,23
(81 30)
ln
(81 76,44)
Q1 =K.F.tlog F = Q1/( K. tlog)=0,187.106/(419.19,23)=

23,2 m2
So ong truyen nhiet can thiet la:
n = F/(*dt*H)= 23,2/(.0,025.2)=147,6
Chon 149 ong.
Bo tr ong nh tam giac tao thanh hnh luc giac
eu
Theo cong thc V140, trang 66, tap 5:
Dd = s*( b 1 ) + 4*do
Trang59
Trong o:
do ng knh ngoai ong truyen nhiet, chon d o =
25m
s bc ong, s = .do= 1,3.25=32,5
Dd- ng knh thiet b, chon
b = ( Dd 4*do )/s + 1 = (500 - 4*25) / 32,5 + 1 = 13,3
Chon b = 13
Tong so ong trong thiet b la: 169 ong
Dien tch be mat truyen nhiet la:
F = n**dt*H = 169**0,025*2 = 26,55 m2 (thoa)
Nh vay:
ng knh thiet b truyen nhiet la 500 mm.
Chieu cao 2000 mm.
So ong truyen nhiet 169 ong c 25x2
I. Tnh toan qua trnh un nong khong on nh:
1. Cac ai lng lien quan:
Tong lng hi th dung un nong W2= 1787 kg
Trong khoang thi gian 2= 5864 giay
Khoi lng dung dch can un nong la G2= 2579 kg
Nong o dung dch la 8%
Nhiet o vao cua dung dch t1= 300C
Nhiet o cuoi cua dung dch t1= 630C
Nhiet o hi th tht= 66,040C
11. Lng nhiet can thiet e un nong en nhiet o soi:
Q2 = G2 .Ctb .( t1 - t1 )
= 2579*4016,94*( 63 30 ) =0,342.109 J
Trong o:
G1 = 2579 kg.
Ctb - nhiet dung rieng cua dung dch:
C = 4190 - ( 2514 - 7,542*t )*x, J/kgoK
t = 30oC, x = 8% th
C1 = 4190 - ( 2514 - 7,542* 30 )*0,08 =4006,98
J/kgoK
t = 76,44 oC, x = 8% th
C2 = 4190 - ( 2514 - 7,542*76,44 )*0,08 =
4026,89 J/kgoK
Nen Ctb = (4006,98+ 4026,89 ) / 2 = 4016,94 J/kgoK
Trang60
3. Lng nhiet hi th cung cap cho qua trnh un nong (Q2 ):

Q2 = W1*r =1787*2362.103 =4,22.109 J
Trong o:
W1- Tong lng hi th dung un nong, W1= 1787
kg
r - an nhiet ngng tu cua hi ot ap suat la
0,21 at.
Tra bang 57, VD va BT T10, trang 443: r = 2362.103 J/kg
4. Thi gian can thiet e un nong:
Theo cong thc (3.44), GT QT va TB TN tap 5, trang 98:
G2
=
K .F
a.
1
exp
a.C a
2579
=
37
5000.
1
exp
50
=
1, 275 h
Trong o:
a lu lng bm tuan hoan, kg/h. Chon a= 5000 kg/
h
K- he so truyen nhiet.
Ca- nong o dung dch ban au, %
G2- khoi lng dung dch can un nong, kg.
Trang61
THIET B NGNG TU BAROMET

I. Che o lam viec:
1. Lng nc lanh vao thiet b ( Gn ):
Theo CT (4.39), VD va BT tap 10, trang188:
Gn =
W '.
i ''
C n .t1"
2632.10 3
4190 * 70,4
=
1
,
221
.
=
9
C n (t1"
t1' )
4190.( 70, 4
30)
Trong o:
W- lng hi th ngng tu ln nhat trong khoang
giai oan au,
= 3584 giay
W' =
4375
= 1,221 kg / s
3584
i enthanpi hi th ra khoi TBNT, tra bang 57, VD

va BT tap 10, trang 443 0,4 at: i = 2632.103
J/kg.
Cn nhiet dung rieng nc, Cn = 4190 J /KgK
t1 nhiet o hi th vao TBNT . Chon t 1 = 30oC.
t1 nhiet o hi th ra khoi TBNT .Theo VD va BT
tap 10, chon chenh lech 50 K.
t1 = tc 5 = 75,4 5 = 70,4oC
nhiet o ngng tu tc = 75,4oC 0,4 at
2. Lng khong kh do bm hut ra khoi TBNT (Gkk):
Theo CT 4.40, VD va BT tap 10,trang 188:
Gkk = 0,000025.( Gn + W) + 0,01 .W
= 0,000025.(9,685 +1,221 ) + 0,01.1,221 = 0,0125 (
kg/s)
Trong o:
Gn lng nc vao TBNT, Gn = 9,685 kg/s .
W lng hi th ngng tu, W = 1,221 kg/s.
3. The tch khong kh can hut (Vkk):
Theo CT VI.49, so tay tap 2, trang 84:
Vkk =
288.Gkk .(273 + t kk ) 288.0,0125.(273 + 70,4)

=
= 0,1532 m 3 / s
P Ph
39240 31166
Trong o:
Gkk lng khong kh can hut, Gkk = 0,0125 kg/s.
tkk = t1 = 70,4oC (theo so tay tap 2)
Ph ap suat hi nc bao hoa tkk = 70,4oC
Ph = 0,3177 bar = 31166 N/m2
P ap suat trong TBNT, P = 0,4 at = 39240 N/m2
II. Cac kch thc chu yeu cua thiet b ngng tu:
1. ng knh trong thiet b (Dtr):
Trang62
Theo VI.52, so tay tap 2, trang 84:

Dtr =1,383
W'
1,221
=1,383
= 0,563 m
h . h
0,2456.30
Chon ng knh trong cua TBNT la 600 mm

Trong o:
h toc o hi trong TBNT, chon h = 30 m/s (theo
so tay tap 2, trang 185 ).
h khoi lng rieng hi, tra bang 57, VD va BT
tap 10, trang 443: 0,4 at c h = 0,2456 kg/m3
2. Kch thc tam ngan:
Thng co dang vien phan e lam viec tot .
a. Chieu rong tam ngan (b):
b = Dtr / 2 + 50 = 600/2 +50 = 350 mm.
b. Be day tam ngan ():
Theo so tay tap 2, trang 85: chon = 4 mm .
c. ng knh lo ( d ):
Theo so tay tap 2:
chon nc song (ao,ho) e ngng tu hi th th
d=5mm
d. Chieu cao g tam ngan:
Theo so tay tap 2, chon chieu cao g la: 40 mm .
Chon toc o tia nc la 0,62 m/s.
Trang63
3. Chieu cao bo phan ngng tu va cac kch thc c ban khac:

Tra bang VI.8, so tay tap 2, trang 88:
Theo tieu chuan hoa quy cach TBNT ta co cac kch
thc:
Ky hieu cac kch thc
Ky
Kch thc,
hieu
mm
ng knh trong cua thiet b
Dtr
600
Chieu day cua thanh thiet b
S
5
Khoang cach t ngan tren cung
a
1300
en nap thiet b
P
1200
Khoang cach t ngan cuoi cung
b
350
en ay thiet b
K1
725
Be rong cua tam ngan
H
4550
KC gia tam cua TB ngng tu va
T
1400
TB thu hoi
D1
400
Chieu cao cua he thong thiet b
h
1400
Chieu rong cua he thong thiet
b
a1
260
ng knh cua thiet b thu hoi
a2
300
Chieu cao cua thiet b thu hoi
a3
360
Khoang cach gia cac ngan:
a4
400
a5
430
ng knh cac ca ra va vao:

-Hi vao
-Nc vao
-Hon hp kh va hi ra
-Noi vi ong Baromet
-Hon hp kh va hi vao thiet b
thu hoi
-Hon hp kh va hi ra khoi thiet
b thu hoi
-Noi t thiet b thu hoi en ong
Baromet
-Ong thong kh
d1
d2
d3
d4
d5
d6
d7
d8
350
125
100
150
100
70
50
4. Kch thc ong Baromet:

a. ng knh trong ong (d):
Theo bang tren th d = 150 mm
Trang64
b. Chieu cao ong ( H ):

H = h1 + h2 + 0,5, m (1)
Trong o:
h1 chieu cao cot nc tnh do o chan khong .
h2 chieu cao e khac phuc tr lc khi nc
chay trong ong.
c. Tnh h1:
h1 = 10,33.( P/ 760) = 10,33 .(613/ 760) = 8,332 m.
vi :
P ap suat chan khong trong thiet b,
P = 760 0,2.735 = 613 mmHg
d. Tnh h2:
h2 =
2
2.g
(1 + .
H
0,617 2
H
+ ) =
(1 0,017.
+1,5)
d
2.9,81
0,15
Trong o
d - ng knh ong Baromet, d = 150 mm.
H - chieu cao tong cong ong Baromet , m.
g = 9,81 m/s2 .
= 1 + 2 = 1 + 0, 5 = 1,5
1 - he so tr lc khi vao ong, 1 = 1
2 - he so tr lc khi ra khoi ong, 2 = 0,5
toc o nc chay trong ong,
0,004(Gn + W ' ) 0,004(9,685 + 1,221)

=
= 0,617 m / s
.d 2
.0,15 2
Vi:
Gn lng nc vao TBNT, Gn = 9,685 kg/s
- he so tr lc do ma sat khi chay trong ong, =
f(Re).
Re =
..d 985,65.0,617.0,15
=
= 1,79.105 > 105
3
0,5094.10
Chon o nham ong thep la =0,2 mm .

= 0,0032 +
0,221
0,221
= 0,0032 +
= 0,017
0 , 227
Re
(1,79.10 5 ) 0, 227
e. Chieu cao can thiet:

T phng trnh (1) th:
H = 8,332 +
0,617 2
H
(1 0,017.
+1,5) + 0,5
2.9,81
0,15
Trang65
Giai phng trnh bac nhat 1 an so H ta c: H = 8,86

m.
Chon H = 9 m.
Trang66
TNH VA CHON BM
I. Bm chan khong:
1. Tnh cho giai oan 1:
Cong suat bm chan khong (Nck):
Theo sach May va thiet b san xuat hoa chat.:
N ck
P 2 mm1
1
m
=
.
.
P
V
(
)
kk
kk
nck 10 3 m 1
P1
N ck =
1
107910 1,125
1
1,25
, 25
.
.
8073
,
63
.
0
,
1532
.
(
)
1 = 5,6 KW
3
0,75.10 1,25 1
8073,63
Trong o:
nck he so hieu chnh, chon nck = 0,75.
m he so a bien, chon m = 1,25 .
Vkk the tch khong kh can hut, Vkk = 0,1532 m3 /s .
Pkk = P1 la ap suat khong kh au hut:
P1 = Pkk = Pc Ph = 0,4 0,3177 = 0,0823 at = 8073,63
N/m2.
Pc ap suat ngng tu, Pc = 0,4 at .
Ph - ap suat rieng phan cua hi nc nhiet
o khong kh la 70,4oC Ph = 0,3177 at.
P2 ap suat au ay .
Chon P2 ln hn ap suat kh quyen, P2 = 1,1 at
=107910 N/m2
2. Tnh cho giai oan 2:
Cong suat bm chan khong (Nck):
Theo sach May va thiet b san xuat hoa chat.:
N ck =
P 2 mm1
1
m
.
.
P
V
(
)
kk
kk
nck 10 3 m 1
P1
N ck =
1
107910 1,125
1
1,25
, 25
.
.
4512
,
6
.
0
,
1532
.
(
)
1 = 4,09 KW
3
0,75.10 1,25 1
4512,6
Trong o:
nck he so hieu chnh, chon nck = 0,75.
m he so a bien, chon m = 1,25 .
Vkk the tch khong kh can hut, Vkk = 0,1532 m3 /s .
Pkk = P1 la ap suat khong kh au hut:
P1 = Pkk = Pc Ph = 0,2 0,154 = 0,046 at = 4512,6
N/m2.
Pc ap suat ngng tu, Pc = 0,2 at .
Ph - ap suat rieng phan cua hi nc nhiet
o khong kh la 54,7oC Ph = 0,154 at.
P2 ap suat au ay .
Trang67
Chon P2 ln hn ap suat kh quyen, P2 = 1,1 at

=107910 N/m2
3. Chon bm chan khong:
Dung bm chan khong roto khong can dau boi trn,
co the hut khong kh, hi nc, kh lan bui. Chon bm
chan khong vong nc PMK co cong suat yeu cau
tren truc bm la 6,84 KW . Cac thong so khac nh sau :
Kieu PMK 2.
Nang suat o chan khong : 0,6 m3 / s.
So vong quay : n = 1450 v/ph.
Cong suat ong c ien : 10 KW.
Lu lng nc : 0,02 m3/h.
Khoi lng : 109 kg.
Kch thc ( dai x rong x cao) : 705 x 416 x 390 (mm).
II. Bm nc vao thiet b ngng tu:
Cong suat bm (Nb1):
Theo So tay tap 1:
N b1 =
Q.H ..g
0,0097.5,355.997.9,81
=
= 0,68 KW
1000.
1000.0,75
Trong o:
Q lu lng bm, m3/s.
H cot ap bm, m.
- khoi lng rieng chat long, = 997 kg/m3.
g = 9,81 m/s2.
- hieu suat
bm, chon = 0,75 .
1. Lu lng cua bm ( Q ):
Q = Gn / = 9,685 / 997 = 0,0097 m3/s.
Vi:
Gn lng nc vao TBNT, Gn = 9,685 kg/s .
- khoi lng rieng cua nc vao TBNT nhiet
o au 25oC,
= 997 kg /m3.
2. Cot ap bm ( H ):
Theo phng trnh Bernoulli, CT 2.1, V du va bai tap tap 10:
H=
P2 P1
(0,2 1).9,81.10 4
+12 + 0,379 = 5,355 m
+ Ho+ H =
g
997.9,81
Trong o:
Ho chieu cao hnh hoc e nang nc len .
P1, P2 ap suat au hut, au ay .
P1 = 1 at, P2 = Pc = 0,2 at .
Trang68
H cot ap khac phuc tr lc tren ng ong
hut va ay .
- khoi lng rieng nc, = 997 kg/m3.
g = 9,81 m/s2.
a. Tnh Ho:
Ho = P + a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 = 11,9 m .
Chon Ho = 13 m.
Trong o: P, a0, a1, a2, a3, a4: kch thc hnh hoc cua
TBNT.
b. Tnh H:
H = hhut + hay =0,24 + 0,139 = 0,379 m.
Trong o
hhut, hay - tr lc tren ng ong hut va
ay .
Tnh hhut:
hhut =
12
2. g
( .
l1
0,79 2
3
+ ) =
(0,023.
+ 7) = 0,24m
d
2.9,81
0,125
Trong o: w1 van toc nc trong ong hut,

4.Q
4.0,0097
w1 = d 2 = .0,125 2 = 0,79 m/s .

d- ng knh ong hut, d= 0,125 m.
g = 9,81 m/s2.
l1 chieu dai ong hut, chon l1 = 3m .
- tong he so tr lc au hut, chon au hut
co van va li loc th = 7
- khoi lng rieng nc, = 997 kg/m3.
- o nht cua nc nhiet o vao 25 oC, =
0,438.10-3 Ns/m2
- he so tr lc do ma sat khi chay trong ong, =
f(Re).
Re =
997.0,79.0,125
.1.d
= 22,5.10 4 > 10 4
=
0,438.10 3
Chon o nham ong thep la = 0,2 mm .

Regh = 6 . (d / )8/7 = 6.(125 / 0,2 )8/7 = 9406.
Ren = 220.(d / )9/8 = 220.(125 / 0,2 )9/8 = 307459.
Do Regh <Re < Ren nen theo CT VI.46, so tay tap 2:
= 0,1 .(1,46 . / d + 100 / Re )0,25
= 0,1 .( 1,46 . 0,2 /125 + 100 / 22,5.104 )0,25 = 0,023
Tnh hay:
hday =
w22
l2
0,79 2
14
( . + ) =
(0,023.
+1,8) = 0,139m
2.g
d
2.9,81
0,125
Trong o:
Trang69
Chon ong co cac kch thc ac trng

giong ong hut th d= 0,125 m ; = 0,2
mm .
l2- chieu dai ong ay, l2 = 14 m
- tong he so tr lc au ay .
Chon au ay co 2 khuyu 90o th =1,8.
2 van toc nc trong ong ay, 2 = 1
- he so ma sat tren ng ong. Do cac
yeu to khong oi nen = 0,023 .
3. Chon bm:
Chon bm ly tam 1 cap truc ngang . Chon bm nc
ma so LT 12 20. Cac thong so cua bm :
Cong suat ien la 2,2 KW
Lu lng nc : 10 14 m3/h.
Chieu cao cot ap : 20-17 m.
So vong quay : 2900 v/ph
ng knh lo mieng hut : 52 mm
ng knh lo mieng ay : 32 mm.
III. Bm nhap lieu:
Cong suat bm (Nb2):
Theo So tay tap 1:
Nb2 =
Q.H ..g
4,17.10 3.5,58.1031,7.9,81
=
= 0,3 KW
1000.
1000 . 0,75
Trong o:
Q lu lng bm, m3/s.
H cot ap bm, m.
- khoi lng rieng dung dch, = 1031,7 kg/m3.
g = 9,81 m/s2.
- hieu suat
bm, chon = 0,75 .
1. Lu lng bm (Q):
Nhap lieu 2,5 m3 dung dch ng trong 10 phut nen:
Q=
2,5
= 4,17.10 3 m 3 / s
10.60
Trong o:
V the tch dung dch nhap lieu, m3
- thi gian nhap lieu cho 2,5 m3
2. Cot ap bm ( H ):
H=
P2 P1
+ Ho+ H =
g
0 + 4 + 1,58 = 5,58 m
Trang70
Trong o:
Ho chieu cao hnh hoc e hut dung dch ra .
P1 = 1 at, P2 = 1 at (do ban au a tao chan khong).
hut va ay .
a. Tnh Ho:
Chon Ho = 4 m (chieu cao nhap lieu ).
b. Tnh H:
H = hhut + hay =1,1 + 0,48 = 1,58 m.
Trong o hhut, hay - tr lc tren ng ong hut va
ay .
Tnh hhut:
hhut =
w1 2
l1
1,69 2
1
(. + ) =
(0,027.
+ 7) =1,1 m
2. g
d
2.9,81
0,056
Trong o:
1 van toc nc trong ong hut,
1 =
4.Q
d2
4.4,17.10 3
= .0,056 2 =1,69 m / s
g = 9,81 m/s2.
l1 chieu dai ong hut, chon l1 = 1m .
- tong he so tr lc au hut, chon
au hut co van va li loc th = 7
- khoi lng rieng cua dung dch ng
=1031,7 kg/m3
- o nht cua dung dch ng, =
0,343.10-3 Ns/m2
- he so tr lc do ma sat khi chay trong
ong, = f(Re).
Re =
.1.d 1031,7.1,69.0,056
= 284665 > 10 4
=
0,343.10 3
Ong thep chon o nham la = 0,2 mm .

Regh = 6 . (d / )8/7 = 6.(56 / 0,2 )8/7 = 3757.
Ren = 220.( d / )9/8 = 220.(43 / 0,2 ) 9/8 =
137776.
Do Re > Ren nen theo so tay tap 2:
= 0,11 . ( /d)0,25= 0,027 .
Tnh hay:
hday =
w2 2
l2
1,69 2
5
( .
+ ) =
(0,027.
+ 0,9) = 0,48 m
2. g
d
2.9,81
0,056
Trong o:
Trang71

giong ong hut th
d = 0,056 m ; = 0,2 mm .
l2 - chieu dai ong ay, l2 = 5 m
- tong he so tr lc au ay, chon
au ay co 1 khuyu 90o th = 0,9 .
yeu to khong oi nen = 0,027
3. Chon bm:
Vi cong suat bm la 0,3 kW ta chon bm nhap lieu
dung dch ng co cac ac iem sau : chon bm co
ma hieu LT 24 5 vi cac thong so :
Lu lng Q = 24 m3/s
So vong quay 1450 v/ph
Cong suat ong c : 1,5 KW
ng knh mieng hut : 50 mm
ng knh mieng ay : 40 mm .
IV. Bm thao san pham:
Cong suat bm (Nb3):
Theo So tay tap 1:
N b3 =
Q.H b ..g 1,21.10 3.12,74.1381,4.9,81

=
= 0,279 KW
1000.
1000.0,75
Trong o:
Q lu lng bm, m3/s.
H cot ap bm, m.
- khoi lng rieng dung dch, = 1381,4 kg/m3
g = 9,81 m/s2.
- hieu suat bm, chon = 0,75
1. Lu lng bm (Q):
Thao lieu 1000 kg dung dch ng trong 10 phut nen:
Q=
1000
=1,21.10 3 m 3 / s
10.60.1381,4
Trong o:
=1381,4 kg/m3 khoi lng rieng cua dung dch
ng nhiet o thao lieu la 68,33oC.
2. Cot ap bm ( H ):
H=
P2 P1
+ Ho+ H =
g
(10-2,1) + 4 + 0,44 = 12,74 m

Trang72
Trong o:
Ho chieu cao hnh hoc e hut dung dch ra .
P1 = 0,21 at, P2 = 1 at (do ban au a tao chan
khong).
hut va ay .
a. Tnh Ho:
Chon Ho = 4 m (chieu cao nhap lieu ).
b. Tnh H:
H = hhut + hay =0,26 + 0,18 = 0,44 m.
Trong o hhut, hay - tr lc tren ng ong hut va
ay .
Tnh hhut:
hhut =
w1 2
l1
0,96 2
2
(. + ) =
(0,029.
+ 4,9) = 0,3 m
2. g
d
2.9,81
0,040
Trong o:
1 van toc nc trong ong hut,
1 =
4.Q
d2
4.1,21.10 3
= .0,040 2 = 0,96 m / s
g = 9,81 m/s2.
l1 chieu dai ong hut, chon l1 = 2 m .
- tong he so tr lc au hut, chon
au hut co van th = 4,9
- khoi lng rieng cua dung dch ng
=1381,4 kg/m3
- o nht cua dung dch ng, =
0,343.10-3 Ns/m2
- he so tr lc do ma sat khi chay trong
ong, = f(Re).
Re =
.1.d 1381,4,7.0,96.0,04
= 154652 > 10 4
=
0,343.10 3
Ong thep chon o nham la = 0,2 mm .

Regh = 6 . (d / )8/7 = 6.(56 / 0,2 )8/7 = 3757.
Ren = 220.( d / )9/8 = 220.(43 / 0,2 ) 9/8 =
137776.
Do Re > Ren nen theo so tay tap 2:
= 0,11 . ( /d)0,25= 0,029 .
Tnh hay:
hday =
w2 2
l2
0,9612
3
( .
+ ) =
(0,0,029.
+1,8) = 0,18 m
2. g
d
2.9,81
0,04
Trong o:
Trang73

giong ong hut th
d = 0,04 m ; = 0,2 mm .
l2 - chieu dai ong ay, l2 = 3 m
- tong he so tr lc au ay, chon
au ay co 2 khuyu 90o th = 1,8 .
yeu to khong oi nen = 0,029
3. Chon bm:
Vi cong suat bm la 0,279 kW ta chon bm thao san
pham co cac ac iem sau : chon bm loc xoay co
ma hieu BK-1,25/25 vi cac thong so :
Lu lng Q = 4,5 m3/h
Cong suat ong c : 2,5 KW
ng knh mieng hut : 40 mm.
ng knh mieng ay : 40 mm.
Trang74
TNH TOAN GIA THANH THIET B CHNH

Sau khi tnh toan chi tiet cac bo phan cua thiet b co
ac cung nh cac thiet b phu ong vai tro bo tr cho
thiet b hoat ong , ong thi vi viec tham khao gia ca
cua cac bo phan . Trong o chu yeu da vao bang bao
gia do cac thay a ra , thiet b co gia thanh nh sau :
Ten thanh phan
Vat lieu
Tong the thiet b
Thep
khong
r
:X18T10H
Cac ong dan:

-Nhap lieu 56
-Thao lieu 40
-Hi th 400
-Nc lam ngng tu
125
-en bm chan
khong 70
-Xa kh+xa nc
ngng 20
Tong cong
Thiet b phu
-Bm:
+ Nhap lieu
+ Nc ngng tu
+ Bm chan khong
+ Thao san pham
Tong cong
-Thiet b ngng tu
-Thiet b gia nhiet
- em
- Knh quan sat
Thep
Thep
Thep
Thep
Thep
Thep
LT 24 5
LT 12 20
PMK 2
BK-1,25/25
n gia
Thanh tien
50.000,/kg
243.365.000
6
5
8
10
15
15
m
m
m
m
m
m
30000 /m
20000 /m
100000 /m
60000 /m
40000 /m
15000 /m
180.000
100.000
800.000
600.000
600.000
225.000
2.505.000
1,5
2,2
10
2,5
kW
kW
kW
kW
0,127
0,2
m3
m3
10 trieu
/cai
3 trieu
/cai
20 trieu
/cai
10 trieu
/cai
10 trieu
3 trieu
20 trieu
10 trieu
43 trieu
14,954 trieu
23,55 trieu
5,76
2
m2
cai
-Vat lieu cach nhiet

- Van
thep
1,5
20
m3
cai
-Thiet b o:
2
2
26,4
cai
cai
kg
-Tai treo
Amiang
Thuy tinh
So
n
lng v
4867,3 kg
Ap ke
Nhiet ke
Thep CT3
117,75trieu
/m3
100.000 /m2 576.000
250.000 /
500.000
cai
3 trieu /m3 4.500.000
30.000 /
600.000
cai
150.000
300.000
/cai
300.000
150.000
264.000
/cai
10.000,/kg
Trang75
Tong cong
334,714 trieu
Lu y : n gia vat t ch co tnh tham khao, va khong bao

gom chi ph gia cong lap at.
Trang76
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[1]
So tay qua trnh va thiet b cong nghe hoa chat (tap

1) PTs Tran Xoa, PGs.PTs Nguyen Trong Khuong , PTs
Pham Xuan Toan NXB Khoa hoc Ky thuat Ha Noi ,
1999.
[2] So tay qua trnh va thiet b cong nghe hoa chat (tap
2) PTs Tran Xoa, PGs.PTs Nguyen Trong Khuong , PTs
Pham Xuan Toan NXB Khoa hoc Ky thuat Ha Noi ,
1999.
[3] Qua trnh va thiet b truyen nhiet Pham Van
Bon( chu bien) , Nguyen nh Tho- Trng ai hoc Ky
thuat TP.HCM 1991
[4] V du va bai tap Pham Van Bon ,Vu Ba Minh, Hoang
Minh Nam - Trng ai hoc Ky thuat TP. HCM 1991
[5] Bai tap C lu chat Nguyen Th Phng , Le Song Giang
ai hoc Bach Khoa TP. HCM
[6] Ve ky thuat c kh (tap 2) Tran Hu Que (chu
bien) , ang Van C , Nguyen Van Tuan NXB Giao
duc - 1998.
[7] Cac qua trnh va thiet b cong nghe hoa hoc(tap 1 ,
quyen 2) NXB ai hoc Quoc Gia TP. HCM
[8] Ky nghe san xuat ng ma Nguyen Ngo(chu
bien) , Le Bach Tuyet, Phan Van Hiep , Pham Vnh Vien
, Manh Hung NXB Khoa hoc ky thuat 1984.
[9] May va thiet b san xuat hoa chat.
[10] Thiet ke va tnh toan cac chi tiet thiet b hoa chat
Ho Le Vien.
[11] Bm , quat , may nen - Nguyen Van May (ai Hoc Bach
Khoa Ha Noi ) NXB Khoa hoc ky thuat .
Trang77
MUC LUC
TONG QUAN VE CO AC MA NG
I. Gii thieu chung
.......................trang 1
II. Nguyen lieu va san pham

1. ac iem nguyen lieu
2. ac iem san pham
......................trang 2
......................trang 2
......................trang 2
3. Bien oi nguyen lieu va san pham .......................trang 2

4. Yeu cau chat lng san pham va gia tr sinh hoa...trang 2
III. Co ac va qua trnh co ac
.......................trang 3
1. nh ngha co ac
......................trang 3
2. Cac phng phap co ac
.......................trang 3
3. Ban chat cua s co ac
......................trang 3
4. ng dung cua s co ac
.......................trang 3
5. anh gia kha nang phat trien cua s co ac ..................
trang 3
IV. Cac thiet b co ac nhiet
........................trang 4
1. Phan loai va ng dung
.......................trang 4
2. He thong co ac chan khong gian oan .............................
trang 5
3. Cac thiet b va chi tiet
.......................trang 5
4. Yeu cau thiet b va van e nang lng
.............trang 5
QUY TRNH CONG NGHE

I. S o hoat ong he thong co ac 1 noi gian oan ............
trang 7
1. Nguyen ly hoat ong thiet b co ac
.............trang 7
2. Nguyen ly hoat ong thiet b ngng tu Baromet
. .trang 7
3. Hoat ong cua he thong
.............trang 7
II. Thao tac van hanh
.............trang 8
1. Chuan b
......................trang 8
2. Van hanh
....................trang 8
CAN BANG VAT CHAT VA NANG LNG

I. D kien ban au
.....................trang 9
Trang78
II. Can bang vat chat

................trang 9
1. Suat lng nhap lieu
................trang 9
2. Tong lng hi th
................trang 9
3. Qua trnh bien oi vat chat trong qua trnh co ac............
trang 9
III. Can bang nang lng
..............trang 10
1. Che o nhiet o
..............trang 11
2. Cac ton that nhiet o
..............trang 11
3. Can bang nhiet lng
..............trang 12
4. Lng hi ot dung cho co ac
..............trang 13
5. Lng hi ot tieu ton rieng
..............trang 13
TNH TOAN TRUYEN NHIET VA THI GIAN CO AC
I. Tnh toan truyen nhiet cho thiet b co ac ..............trang 14

1. Nhiet tai rieng pha hi ngng
..............trang 14
2. Nhiet tai rieng pha dung dch
..............trang 14
3. Nhiet tai rieng pha tng
..............trang 15
4. He so truyen nhiet K cho qua trnh co ac:.........................
trang 16
5. Tien trnh tnh cac nhiet tai rieng
..............trang 16
6. Ket qua tnh toan
..............trang 17
II. Tnh cach nhiet cho thiet b
..............trang 18
1. Chieu day lp cach nhiet buong ot
..............trang 18
2. Chieu day lp cach nhiet buong boc
.....................trang 18
III. Thi gian co ac:
..............trang 19
1. Thi gian co ac dung dch ng
..............trang 19
2. Tnh toan tai cac nong o khac nhau
..............trang 19
3. Tong ket thi gian
..............trang 21
TNH THIET B CO AC
I. Tnh buong ot
1. The tch dung dch au trong thiet b
2. The tch dung dch cuoi trong thiet b
3. Tnh chon ng knh buong ot - so ong
II. Tnh buong boc
1. ng knh buong boc
2. Chieu cao buong boc
..............trang
..............trang
..............trang
..............trang
..............trang
..............trang
..............trang
22
22
22
22
24
24
25
Trang79
3. Chieu cao phan chat long trong buong boc ..............trang 26

4. The tch khong gian hi
..............trang 26
III. Tnh ng ong va cac ca cua thiet b co ac..............
trang 26
1. ng ong dan hi th:
..............trang 26
2. ng ong nhap lieu
..............trang 26
3. ng ong thao san pham:
..............trang 27
4. ng ong vao hi ot
..............trang 27
5. ng ong xa nc ngng
..............trang 28
TNH C KH CHO CAC CHI TIET THIET B

I. Tnh be day buong ot
1. S lc ve cau tao
2. Tnh toan
3. Tnh ben cho cac lo
II. Tnh be day buong boc
1. S lc ve cau tao
2. Tnh toan
III. Tnh be day ay
1. S lc ve cau tao
2. Tnh toan
IV. Tnh be day nap
1. S lc ve cau tao
2. Tnh toan
V. Tnh be day mat bch
1. Mat bch noi buong ot va buong boc
2. Mat bch noi buong ot va ay
3. Mat bch noi buong boc va nap
VI. Tnh be day v ong
1. Tnh cho v ong tren buong ot
2. Tnh cho v ong di buong ot
VII. Tnh tai treo, chan .
1. S lc cau tao tai treo chan
2. The tch cac bo phan thiet b
..............trang 29
..............trang 29
..............trang 29
..............trang 30
..............trang 30
..............trang 30
..............trang 30
..............trang 33
..............trang 33
..............trang 33
..............trang 33
..............trang 34
...............trang34
..............trang 34
..............trang 34
..............trang 35
..............trang 36
..............trang 36
..............trang 36
..............trang 36
..............trang 37
..............trang 37
..............trang 38
..............trang 39
..............trang 39
..............trang 39
Trang80
3. Khoi lng cac bo phan thiet b

4. Tong khoi lng
..............trang 41
..............trang 41
THIET B TRUYEN NHIET

I. S lc ve che o hoat ong va lam viec cua TBTN...........
trang 42
II. Tnh he so truyen nhiet
..............trang 42
1. Nhiet tai rieng pha hi ngng
..............trang 42
2. Nhiet tai rieng pha tng
..............trang 42
3. Nhiet tai rieng pha dung dch
..............trang 43
4. Tien trnh tnh cac nhiet tai rieng
..............trang 43
5. Ket qua
..............trang 44
III. Tnh toan qua trnh un nong on nh
..............trang 44
1. Cac ai lng lien quan
..............trang 44
2. Lng nhiet can thiet e un nong en nhiet o soi........
trang 44
3. Lng nhiet hi th cung cap cho qua trnh un nong............
trang 45
4. Tnh toan
..............trang 45
IV. Tnh toan qua trnh un nong khong on nh.........................
trang 46
1. Cac ai lng lien quan
..............trang 46
2. Lng nhiet can thiet e un nong en nhiet o soi........
trang 46
3. Lng nhiet hi th cung cap cho qua trnh un nong............
trang 46
4. Thi gian can thiet e un nong
..............trang 47
THIET B NGNG TU BAROMET

I. Che o lam viec
1. Lng nc lanh vao thiet b
2. Lng khong kh do bm hut ra khoi TBNT
3. The tch khong kh can hut
II. Cac kch thc chu yeu trong TBNT
1. ng knh trong thiet b
2. Kch thc tam ngan
..............trang
..............trang
..............trang
..............trang
..............trang
..............trang
..............trang
48
48
48
48
49
49
49
Trang81
3. Chieu cao bo phan ngng tu va cac kch thc c ban ........

trang 50
4. Kch thc ong Baromet
..............trang 50
TNH VA CHON BM
I. Tnh chon bm chan khong
II. Tnh chon bm nc vao TBNT
III. Tnh chon bm nhap lieu
IV. Tnh chon bm thao san pham
..............trang
..............trang
..............trang
..............trang
TNH GIA THANH THIET B

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
MUC LUC
..............trang 60
52
52
54
55
..............trang 61
..............trang 62
Trang82

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TONG QUAN VE CO AC MA NG

I. Gii thieu chung:

Mot vai so lieu ve san lng ng tren the gii (n v

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

II. Nguyen lieu va san pham cua qua trnh co ac ma ng:

ong lien tuc, do chenh lech khoi lng rieng cac

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

5. anh gia kha nang phat trien cua s co ac:

Co ac ap suat thng (thiet b h): co nhiet

3. Cac thiet b va chi tiet trong co ac:

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

Yeu cau thiet b va van e nang lng:

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

QUY TRNH CONG NGHE

Ngng nhap lieu nhng bm nhap lieu van tiep tuc

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

Theo doi hoat ong cua thiet b va cac dung cu

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

CAN BANG VAT CHAT VA NANG LNG

2. Tong lng hi th boc len (W):

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

Giai oan 3: t luc ket thuc giai oan 2 cho en khi

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

Cac qua trnh bien oi vat chat trong qua trnh co ac

III. Can bang nang lng:

f - he so hieu chnh do khac ap suat kh

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

b. Ton that nhiet o do ap suat thuy tnh ( ):

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

Quan he nhiet o soi va ap suat theo nong o dung

3. Can bang nhiet lng:

c. Nhiet lng lam boc hi dung dch (Qbh):

TNH TOAN TRUYEN NHIET VA THI GIAN CO

dd - khoi lng rieng dung dch khi co ac theo

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

Lap thanh bang so lieu theo nong o cua dung dch:

4028.1 4190 0.426

Cac thong so cua nc tra bang 39 trang 427

tv = tv1 -tv2 = rv*qv = 0,836.10-3* qv (3)

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

r1 - nhiet tr mang nc, r1 = 0,464.10-3 m2

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

Neu ss ln th quay ve bc 2 va co s hieu

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

11. Ket qua tnh toan:

80.79191.141445 132.9 4.90

65.88191.716241 132.9 1.40

SVTH:Tran Thanh Tuan

93.35 12.56 36018 38732

95.52 14.73 40672 39965

95.01 14.22 39617 39696 8577 2786 762 0.20

11.82 22722 32084

21.12 33901 32967

20.45 33320 33014 9165 1629 641 0.93

25.03 26473 27075

25.48 26633 26924 9753 1045 528 1.08

38.56 28768 30226

39.69 28852 29693 9381 727 431 2.83

42.61 24897 26053

43.49 24816 25558 9866 571 372 2.90

46.01 21684 22511

46.63 21550 2212210368 462 323 2.58

49.87 17695 18314

tv = tv1 -tv2 = rvqv = 0,836.10-3 qv (3)