13(2006.

4)

(papaca)

( )

.
1.

(bhvan) .
.
.

. ,
.

. .

, , ,
.

.
.
.

156 13

. .

.

2.

(Bhikkhu ananda)
.

.1)

[An

Essay

on

Papaca

and

Papaaca-Saa-Sankh] , (papaca)
(papaca-saa-sankh)
.
. , ,
.
(ananda) (Sarachchandra)

.2) (Rhys Davids)
(, Dhammasangai) (sa)
.3)
1) ananda, Bhikkhu, Concept and Reality in Early Buddhist Thought: An Essay on
Papaca and Papaca-Sa-Sankh, Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1971
2) Sarachchandra, E. R., Buddhist Psychology of Perception, Dehiwala: Buddhist Culture
Center, 1990(1st edition 1958)
3) Rhys Davids, C.A.F., A Buddhist Manual of Psychological Ethics, London: PTS,
1974(1st edition 1900)

 (papaca) 157

(Schmidt) .4)
(Kalupahana)
.
.5) (Kariyawasam)
(concept) (conceptualization)
.6) (Johansson) (dynamic
psychology) .7)
(Schmithausen)
(prapaca) .8)
()
.9)
(Hamilton), (Boisvert), (Vetter) 10),
4) Schmidt, K., Void is the World: The Buddhist Doctrine of Cognition, German
Buddhist Writers, Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, The Wheel Publication No.
74-75, 1964, 61-72
5) Kalupahana, D.J., Causality: The Central Philosophy of Buddhism, Honolulu: The
University Press of Hawaii, 1975, 121-5; Kalupahana, D.J., The Principles of
Buddhist Psychology, Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1992(1st Edition 1987), 28-37;
Kalupahana, D.J., Consciousness, Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Vol., Colombo:
Goverment of Sri Lanka, 1979-89, 233-42
6) Kariyawasam, A.G.S., Concept, Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Vol., Colombo:
Goverment of Sri Lanka, 1979-89, 208-18
7) Johansson, R.E.A., The Dynamic Psychology of Early Buddhism, London: Curzon
Press, 1979
8) Schimthausen, L., layavijna: On the Origin and the Early Development of a
Central Concept of Yogcra Philosophy, Tokyo: The International Institute for
Buddhist Studies, 1987, 509
9) , papaca ,

Vol.4(: ,

1991), 17-25
10) Hamilton, S., Identity and Experience: The Constitution of Human Being According
to Early Buddhism, London: Luzac Oriental, 1996; Boisvert, M., The Five

158 13

(vitakka) (vicra) (
) (Cousins) .11)


.12) ,
(vitakka) (vicra)
.13)

.


.

. (papaca)
1.
Aggregates: Understanding Theravda Psychology and Soteriology, Delhi: Sri Satguru
Publications, 1997; Vetter, T., The Khandha Passages in the Vinayapiaka and the
four main Nikyas, Wien: Verlag der sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,
2000
11) , Vikappa, Vitakka, Vicra-,
(: , 1985), 173-186; Cousins, L., Vitakka/Vitarka and Vicra:
Stages of Samdhi in Buddhism and Yoga, Indo-Iranian Journal, Vol.35,
Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992, 137-57
12) , (: , 1999), 338-43
13) , () , 7
(: , 2003), 190-5; , ()
, 6(: , 2003), 189-95

 (papaca) 159

(prapaca, Skt) (papaca, Pli)

. (vitakka),
(sa) .
() () ,
() () .
(prapaca) paca(), pad()
. PED () 14)
paca prapaca .15) PED
(impedimentum) pada() .
PED ,

, .

.16)
14) Rhys Davids, T.W. Stede, W., The Pali Text Societys Pali-English Dictionary,
London: The Pali Text Society, 1986( PED); , , (
: , 1981)
15) SED. 681; Apte, V.S.(1992). 1094; Childers, R.C.(1875). 331-2; Mayrhofer,
M.(1956). 187; ananda Bhikkhu(1971). 4; (1997). 561;
(Jacques May) (2000). 37 paca ,
PED. 412; (1981). 169 pad .
Monier Williams, Sir M., A Sanskrit English Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1988( SED); Apte, V.S., The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary,
Kyoto: Rinsen Book Company, 1992; Childers, R.C., A Dictionary of the Pali
Language, Kyoto: Rinsen Book Company, 1987(1st Edition 1875); Mayrhofer, M.,
Kurzgefates etymologisches Wrterbuch des Altindischen: A Concise Etymological
Sanskrit Dictionary Band : A-TH, Heidelberg: Carl WinterUniversittsverlag,
1956; , (: , 1997);
(Jacques May) , (: , 2000)
16) (1991). 20

160 13

paca()
.17)
(expansion), (proliferation), (manifoldness) .18)

(expansion) .19)
(manifestation), (appearance),
(phenomenon) .
(proliferation)
. ,
.20)
, , .21)

.22)
,
.23)

2.

17) (2000). 37
18) (manifoldness) (Hamilton, S.(1996). 56-8
), (proliferation) (concept)
(ananda, Bhikkhu(1971). 4).
19) Apte, V.S.(1992). 1094; SED. 681
20) (Jacques May) (2000). 428
21) (Jacques May) (2000). 330
22) , , (: , 1979), 142
23) ananda, Bhikkhu(1971). 4

 (papaca) 161

24) 18
12 .25)
.26)
, .27)
.28)
, (nipapaca) .29)
(papaca-sakh) (sa)
.30)
15 31)
. (Sayutta Nikya)
. (asmi),
(ayam aham asmi), (bhavissan),
(na bhavissan), (rp bhavissan),
(arp bhavissan),

24) (Suttanipta) , (Udna)

, (Theragth) , (Thergth) , (Sayutta-Nikya)
.
25) (1991). 19
26) Sn. 530; Th. 519
27) Sn. 8; Dhp. 195; Sn. 916
28) Ud. . 7
29) Dhp. 254; Th. 989; Th. 902; Th. 990
30) Sn. 874
31) (Sayutta Nikya) 4(S. . 52, 20-23; S. . 71, 17-20; S.
. 203, 11-18; S. . 370, 13-15), (Majjhima Nikya) 2(M.
. 65, 10-35; M. . 109, 34-113, 18), (Dgha Nikya) 3(D.
. 8, 5; D. . 277, 27-34; D. . 287, 16-30), (Aguttara Nikya)
6(A. . 161, 2-163, 2; A. . 293, 3-294, 8; A. . 294, 9-295, 11; A. .
431, 2-10; A. . 68, 32-69, 2; A .. 229, 27-331, 27) .

162 13

(sa bhavissan),
(asa bhavissan),
(nevasansa bhavissan)
(papacita).32) (asmi)
8 .33)
(Aguttara Nikya)
. (hoti Tathgato parammara),
(na hoti Tathgato parammara),
(hoti ca na hoti Tathgato parammara),
(neva hoti na na hoti tathgato
parammara) .34) 10(, avykata)
4 .35) (dihigata)
, (tahgata), (sagata),
(maita), (papacita),
(updnagata), (vippatisro).36)
(Majjhima Nikya)
(tah), (dihi), (mna) 37)
(tah), (dihi), (mna)
.38)

32) S. . 203
33) ananda, Bhikkhu(1971). 17
34) A. . 68-9
35) M. . 426-32
36) A. . 68-9
37)

Ps. . 10, 16-8 papaco ti ca

taha-dihi-mnna eta adhivacana

matta-pamattakrabhvena

38) Mp. . 151, 4-5 tahdihimnapabhedassa papacassa gati

pavattna

 (papaca) 163

.39)
10
.

.
1.

(Madhupiika Sutta)
. (Daapni)
(Mahkaccna)
.
.

, ,
(phassa, ) (vedan, ) .
(sajanati), (vitakketi),
(papaceti).
(papacasasakh) , , (rpa, )
.40)

39) ananda, Bhikkhu(1971). 13

40) M. . 111-2 Cakkhucvuso paicca rpe ca uppajjati cakkhuvia, tia
sagati phasso, phassapaccay vedan, ya vedeti, ta sajnti, ya sajnti ta
vitakketi, ya vitakketi ta papaceti, ya papaceti tatonidna purisa
papacasasakh samudcaranti attngatapaccuppannesu cakkhuvieyyesu
rpesu.

164 13

+
(phassa)
(vedan) (sa) (vitakka) (papaca)
(papacasasakh) .41)
(Sakkapaha Sutta)
(Sakka) .

. , , , ,
, , ,

.
(papacasasakh) .
(papacasasakh) (vitakka) (chanda) (piyppiya)
(iss-macchariya) .42)
(vitakka) (papaca)
(papacasasakh)
(papacasasakh) (vitakka)
.
,
.43)
.

41) M. . 112
42) D. . 277
43) ananda, Bhikkhu(1971). 25

 (papaca) 165

(vitakka) (papaca)
(papacasasakh) (vitakka) (papaca)
(papacasasakh) (chanda)
(piyppiya) (iss-macchariya)

.

.
, ,
.

, , .

.

.
. (my) (mine)
. -(not-I)
.

(ego-consciousness) 44)
,
.45)
44) ananda, Bhikkhu(1971). 11-2
45) Kariyawasam, A.G.S.(1979-89). 211

166 13

(rga),
(paigha), (dihi), (vicikicch), (mna),
(bhavarga), (avijj) .
(dadna), (satthdna),
(kalaha), (viggaha), (vivda), (tuvantuva), (pesua),
(musvda) .46)
(chanda), (piyppiya), (issmacchariya)
.
(ppak akusal dhamm) .

2. , , ,

1)
()
. (Sriputta)
(Mah Kohita) (phassyatana)
, . .47)
.48)

46) M. . 109-10
47) A. . 161, 34-162, 3 Yvat vuso channa phassyatanna gati tvat
papacassa gati, yvat papacassa gati, tvat channa phassyatannam gati.
48) S. . 60 Phassasamuday vedansamudayo, phassanirodh vedannirodho,
Phassasamuday sasamudayo, phassanirodh sanirodho, Phassasamuday
sakhrasamudayo, phassanirodh sakhranirodho; S. . 69 Phuho bhikkhave
vedeti, phuho sajnti, phuho ceteti; , (: , 2002),
181

 (papaca) 167

(conscious event).
(via) .49)

(moment of contact) .
,
.50)
,
.51)
.
()
() .
,
.52)
.
.53)
.
(sakhra) .54)
.
(kusala) (akusala)
.

49) Boisvert, M.(1997). 49-50; Hamilton, S.(1996). 50

50) Hamilton, S.(1996). 50
51) (2002). 165
52) Hamilton, S.(1996). 50
53) (2002). 179
54) Boisvert, M.(1997). 107; Bodhi, Bhikkhu, A Comprehensive Manual of
Abhidhamma, Seattle: BPS, 2000, 79

168 13

.

. (
) ()
.55) ,
.
() .
,
.
.
.

2)
(vedan) vid
.56)
. .
.57)
.
.
.
55) S. . 47 tihanti kho pana bhikkhave, tattheva pacindriyni, athettha sutavato
ariyasvakassa avijj pahyati, vijj uppajjati, tassa avijjvirg vijjuppd
asmti'pissa na hoti. Ayamahamasmiti'pissa na hoti, bhavissanti'pissa na hoti, na
bhavissanti'pissa na hoti, sa bhavissanti'pissa na hoti, asa bhavissanti'pissa na
hoti, nevasansai bhavissanti' pissa na hotti.
2, 16b13-c3; (2002). 273 .
56) PED. 648
57) Hamilton, S.(1996). 45

 (papaca) 169

, ,
.58)
.59)
.
60)
.
(akusal dhamm)
(kusal dhamm) ,
.61)
.62)

.
.
.
, ,
. (sevitabha)
(asevitabha). .63)
,
.
,

58) S. . 204; S. . 215; S. . 249

59) S. . 231 Katam ca bhikkhave dve vedan Kyik ca cetasik ca im vuccanati
bhikkhave dve vedan
60) Boisvert, M.(1997). 71-3
61) M. . 475
62) Boisvert, M.(1997). 74
63) D. . 278

170 13

.64) 65)

(sevitabha) (asevitabha)
.
(gehasita)
(nekkhamma) .66)
, ,
,
.67)

. (akusala
vedan) ,
(kusala vedan) .
.

3)
(sa) (sense perception)
.
(conceptualization) .
(category)
.
.68)
64) , 2 (: , 2006), 467-71
65) (2006). 466
66) (2003). 206; Boisvert, M.(1997). 76
67) M. . 217-9; ,
2003), 285-296 .

5 (: ,

 (papaca) 171

(ideation) .69)
(sa-j)
(sa) (j)
. ,
. .
(mental faculty)
. , ,
, ()
.70)

(kusala sa) (akusala sa)
.71)
(constructive imagination) ,
.72)
.73)
. (pa)
.
, (moh) , (sa)
68) Kalupahana. D.J.(1999). 34
69) Vetter, T.(2000). 25; Johansson, R.E.A.(1979). 92
70) Kalupahana. D.J.(1992) 71; Nyanaponika Thera, The Omission of Memory in the
Theravda List of Dhammas: On the Nature of Sa, In the Mirror of Memory,
edited by Janet Gyatso, New York: State University of New York, 1992, 27
71) Boisvert, M.(1997). 79-86
72) Hamilton, S.(1996). 61; Boisvert, M.(1997). 89
73) Premasiri, P.D., Early Buddhist Analysis of Variety of Cognition, Sri Lanka Journal
of Buddhist Studies Vol. 1, Sri Lanka: Buddhist and Pali University of Sri Lanka,
1987, 55

172 13

(dihi) .74)
.
.75)

. ,
.76)
(Girimnanda) 10
,77) 10 78), 6
79), (Mahparinibbna Sutta, )
7 80), (Samgti Sutta, )
5 81) . 5
, 6 , 10
.82)
(contemplation)

74) Sn. 847

75) Sn. 886
76) Hamilton, S.(1996). 60
77) A. . 108-9 Katam dasa? Aniccasa, anattasa, asubhasa, dnavasa,
pahnasa, virgasa, nirodhasa, sabbaloke anabhiratasa, sabbasakhresu
aniccasa, npnasati.
78)

A. . 105 Asubhasa, maraasa, hrepaikklasa, sabbaloke

anabhiratasa, aniccasa, anicce dukkhasa, dukkhe anattasa, pahnasa,
virgasa, nirodhasa.

79) A. . 334 Chayime bhikkhave dhamm vijjbhgiy. Katame cha: Aniccasa,

anicce dukkhasa, dukkhe anattasa, pahnasa, virgasa, nirodhasa.
80) D. . 79
81) D. . 243 Paca vimutatiparipcaniy sa: aniccasa, anicce dukkhasa,
dukkhe anattasa, pahnasa, virgasa.
82) Boisvert, M.(1997). 87

 (papaca) 173

.83)

(clarify) (distort).
.84)
.
(papaca) (pa)
. ,
.
,
, ,
.85)

4)
(vitakka) (vicra)
.
(initial application) , (vicra)
(sustained application) .86)
(reasoning) (reflection) .87)

83) Vetter, T.(2000). 26
84) Williams. P.M., Some Aspects of Language and Construction in the Madhyamaka,
Journal of Indian Philpsophy Vol.8, Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1980,
22
85) Boisvert, M.(1997). 88
86) Bodhi Bhikkhu, A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma: The Abhidhammattha
Sangaha of cariya Anuruddha, Seatle: BPS Pariyatti, 2000, 56-7; Shwe Zan
Aung, Compendium of Philosophy, London: PTS, 1979, 17
87) (1985). 175

174 13

.
.
(vacsakhra, )
.
.
(thought) .

(kmavitakko), (bypdavitakko),
(vihisvitakko)

.88)

(nekkhammavitakka), (abypdavitakka),
( avihisvitakka) .89)

.
,
. (kusala)
(akusala) .
,
, .90)

3.

(abhinanditabba) ,

88) S. . 41; M. . 114

89) M. . 114; D. . 215
90) (1985). 177

 (papaca) 175

(abhivaditabba) , (ajjhosetabba)
.91)
(anuvidito) (nippapaco) ,
(nippapacarato) , (chinnapapaco) ,
(papacavpasama) , (papacanirodha) ,
(papacasakhpahna) .
.92)
, .93)

.
,
.
.

(phassapaatti) .

, (phassapaatti)
, .
(vedanpaatti) , .
(sapaatti) ,
. (vitakkapaatti)
, .
(papacasasakhsamudcaraapaatti) ,
.94)
91) M. . 109-10
92) ananda, Bhikkhu(1971). 38
93) M. . 108
94) M. . 112 So vatvuso cakkhusmi asati rpe asati cakkhuvie asati

176 13

. ,
, (sakhra)
. ,

.95)

(nimitta) (anubyajana) .96)

, , , .97)

. (tabula rasa)
,
(sakhra) .

, (sakhra)
.
, , (sakhra)

phassapaatti papessatti neta hna vijjati. Phassapaattiy asati

vedanpaatti papessatti neta hna vijjati. Vedanpaattiy asati
sapaatti papessatti neta hna vijjati. Sapaattiy asati
vitakkapaatti papessatti neta hna vijjati, vitakkapaattiy asati
papacasasakhsamudcaraapaatti papessatti neta hna vijjati.
95) Hamilton, S.(1996). 18
96) M. . 180; M. . 269; M. . 273; M. . 2; D. . 70
97) amoli, Bhikkhu and Bodhi, Bhikkhu, The Middle Length Discourses of the
Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikya, Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2001,
1219

 (papaca) 177

, .
(abhinanditabba) , (abhivaditabba) ,
(ajjhosetabba) .

.


.

.
,
.


. ,
. (sakhra)

.

. , , ,
.
,
.

178 13

. , , (sakhra)
,
. (abhinanditabba) ,
(abhivaditabba) , (ajjhosetabba)
,
.

(papaca), (prapaca), (proliferation),

(papacasasakh), (phassa), (vedan), (sa),
(vitakka), (conceptualization)

 (papaca) 179

A Study on Papaca in Early Buddhism

Yoon, Hee-Cho

In

this

paper,

proposed

that

in

its

generation

and

disappearance, papaca has circular and ramified structure. Because

of this structure, papaca is able to generate and disappear. This
structure can be shown in Madhupiika Sutta and Sakkapaha Sutta.
In Madhupiika Sutta, "When there is the manifestation of
thinking(vitakka), it is possible to point out the manifestation of
besetment

by

perception

and

notion

[born

of]

mental

proliferation(papacasasakh)", in Sakkapaha Sutta, "thinking

arises from perception and notion [born of] mental proliferation".
Connecting Madhupiika Sutta and Sakkapaha Sutta, we can gain
circular structure in generation of papaca. By vicious circular
structure, papacasasakh is more substantialized and becomes
fundamental of all evil state in private and public.
Substantializing tendency arises from the ideation(sa). sense
perception

is

conceptualized

by

sa

and

conception

is

ratiocinated by thinking(vitakka) and ratiocination is proliferated by

proliferation(papaca). All this process is mediated by language.
After all arises papacasasakh in the end. Papacasasakh act as catalyst to amplify the process. In the basis of the
proliferation lies concept-I. Proposition 'I am(asmi)' is the most

180 13

fundamental papaca.
Ramified structure can cut off the vicious circle. If the structure
is non-ramified, there is no nibbana. Phassa, vedan, sa and
vitakka have two perspective, negative and positive. Therefore in
negative perspective, we get to generate and diffuse the papaca,
but in positive perspective, we can cease to the papaca. To
eliminate the papaca, above all must we protect our sensual
function.