2'

( ) .
:
.1

, .

T2

T1

T1> T2

J
. 2 ,
'' q :
* m * t

- ) ,T(x "
:Fourier law

dT
dx

q 'x' k

k , . W / m K
* .
: :

q x q'x' A
:
T
T
T
q' ' kT k e x
ey
ez
y
z
x
q q '' A

.2

1/3

 2'
:
" ( ).
" ( ,)Buoyancy ,
.
" " ,y:

q' ' h T y 0 T e y

-h . W / m2 K , ,
, .
.3

" .

T2

q2

q1

T1

x
''
2

q q q
''
x

''
1

, : .
" ( ) , " :

q' ' T4

-Stafan Boltzmann constant:

W
m K4
2

5.67 108

( ) : , :

q' ' T4
-emissivity constant 0 1

, " :

-Ts .
2/3

q ' ' T 4 Ts

 2'
:

dE Q W

dt
t
t
:

dE Q

dt
t
dE
dt

- .

Q
q in q gen q out
t
- qin , qout .
- q gen .

3/3