Mathmtcs 3

3
Application of DifferentiationVdG J
ddG dG
Chapter Three
VdG J
][3-1
][3-2
][3-3
] [3-4
] [3-5
] [3-6
] [3-7
] [3-8
] [3-9 .
-
http://www.yahosein.com/vb
89
Applications of DifferentiationsVdG J
VdG J
:

] [3-1
)(Higher- Order Dedrivatives
) Y = f (x )(First Derivative
) y = dy = f (x
dx

2
) (Second Derivative ) y = d y = f (x
dx 2
x

) :(Third Derivative
d3 y
)y = 3 = f (x
dx

)(Higher Derivatives n :
n
) y(n) = d y = f (n) (x n .
dx n
90
-
:
),...,f (n) (x
f '(x), f ''(x), f '''(x), f (4 ) (x)....,
)y', y'', y''', y(4 ) ,...., y(n
dy d2 y d3 y d 4 y
dn y
, 2 , 3 , 4 ,..., n
dx dx dx dx
dx
:
:
d y d dy
=
dx 2 dx dx
d3 y d d2 y
=
,.....
dx 3 dx dx 2
s=f(t ) : s t
d2 s
) ds = f (t
=
f
)(t
dt
dt 2
) (Acceleration .
3
d s = f (t ) ,t
dt 3

)(Deceleration ) (.

.
.
-
91
-1-
d4 y
y= cos 2x
dx 4
dy
= 2sin 2x
dx
d2 y
= (2)2 cos 2x
2
dx
d3 y
= 23 sin 2x
3
dx
d4 y
= 24 cos 2x
4
dx
-2-
d2 y dy
y2+x2=1 y 2 + + 1 = 0 :
dx dx
x
dy
: 2
2y + 2x = 0
dx
dy
+x=0
dx

d2 y dy dy
y 2 + . +1 = 0
dx dx dx
92
d2 y dy 2
y 2 +( ) +1 = 0
dx
dx
-
(
1 )
3-
d2 y
: 2 .1
dx
b)e)y = 2 x , x 2
2+ x
a) y = 2 x ,x 2
c) 2xy 4y + 5 = 0, y 0, x 2
: f (1) .2
a) f (x) =y4= 622xx ,x 32
b) f (x) = x sin x
c) f (x) =
3
,x 2
2x
(2n+1)
d2 y x (2n+1)
n Z, y = tan x .3
x
, n Z, y = tan 2x = 2y (1+ y2 ) ,
2
dx
2
d2 y
+ y = 2 cos x y=x sin x .4
dx 2
93
-
] [3-2 Related Rates

)(

)y = g(t), x = f (t
x,y t
dy
dx
:
)= f (t), = g(t
dt
dt
y,x
t
x2+y2-4y+6x=0 x,y :
d 2 2
d
)(x + y 4y + 6x) = (0
dt
dt
: y dy
dt
dx
dy
dy
dx
+ 2y 4 + 6
=0
dt
dt
dt
dt
2x
dx
x
dt
(1 ) (
.
(2 .
(3 )( .t
(4 .
:
94
-
-1-
2m
0.4m3/h .t
t )v(t
)( ) dv = 0.4 (
dt
dh
dt
2m
= V = Ah , A
V=(2)(2)h V= 4h
dv = 4 dh
dt
dh
dt
dt
0.4 = 4
dh
= 0.1 m / h
dt
-2 -
. 96cm2
2cm/s .8cm
= x
= y
dx = 2cm/s
dt
-
95
dy
?=
dt

A = xy
96=96
)xy...(1
)= xy...(1
) 96 = xy...(1
y = 8 x = 12
d
d
)(96) = (xy
dt
dt
dy
dx
+ y.
dt
dt
dy
)0 = 12 + 8(2
dt
0 = x.
dy 16 4
=
=
cm/ ssec
dt 12
3
-3 -
8cm
6cm3/s
.1cm
= x dx x=1
dt
= -
V=(8+2x )3-83
8cm
dv
dxdx
2
-0
= )(2
)= 3(8 + 2x)(2
dt
dtdt
:
dx
6 = 3(8 + (2)(1))2 .2
dt
dx
s
= 0.01cm/ sec
dt
= 0.01cm/s
96
-
-4 -
10m
2m/s 8m
:
(1 .
(2 .
x
x 2 + y2 = 100
x = 8, y = 6
)1
= x = 8, y
:
dx
= 2 ,
= x
dt
=. y
= ) (
:
10m
d 2 2
d
dx
dy
(x + y ) = (100) 2x + 2y = 0
dt
dt
dt
dt
:
dy
dy 8
=0
=
m/ s
dt
dt 3
)(2)(8)(2)+ (2)(6
-
97
8 d1 dy 11 dy4
y yy y ddd(d sin
) d dyddyy y
sin
sin
sin
sin
sin
sin
sin
=== =
( ===) =
cos
) () (=== =
cos
10
1010
1010dt dt
dtdt dt dt
dtdt
10 dt
10 dt 3
10
10 10
10 dt10
)2
x
4
x8 d1x dy 11 dy
= cos) () (
== =
10dt10
10 dt3
10
1010 dt
10
dy 8
=
x=8
dt
3
:
8 d
1 8
) () ( =
10 dt
10 3
d 1
s
= rad / sec
dt 63
-5 -
24cm
16cm 5cm3/s 1cm3/s
. 12cm
16

) = r= (h
)v(t
r
tan
r
8
1
=
r = h
h 24
3
= tan
1
v = r 2 h
3
1 1
1
h3
= v = h h t
3 3
27
98
-
24
dv 1 2 dh
= h
)....(1
dt 9
dt
= - .
dv
= 5 1 = 4 cm3/s
dt
) (1
dh
1
(12)2
dt
9
=4
dh 1
s
=
cm/ sec
dr 4
-6 -
M y2=4x
) (7,0 0.2unit/s M
.x=4
) M(x,y ) N(7,0 MN S
S = (x 7)2 + (y 0)2 S = x 2 14x + 49 + y2
y2=4x
S = x 2 10x + 49
8 10 dx
.
10 dt
= 0.2
ds
2x 10
dx
=
.
dt 2 x 2 10x + 49 dt
dx
= 1unit / sec
dt
-
99
)2
3-
.1
2m/s
.
4
.2 7.2m 1.8m
30m/min .
.3 M y=x2 M
) (0, 2 .M
3
.4 60
0.2 /
12 .
.5 x 2 + y2 + 4x 8y = 108 x
y . t
.6
0.3cm/s 0.5cm/s
4cm . 3cm
100
-
] [3-3
Rolleo s and Mean Value Theorems

) :(
][3-1
f ] [a,b:
f(1 c ] c [a,b
) f (c) f (x] x [a ,b
f (2 c ] c [a,b
) f(c)f(x] x[a ,b
)(3-1
f ] [a,b :
f c ) c (a,b ) f (c
f (c) = 0
-
101
c a,b
) (
:
f c ) c (a,b f (c) = 0
:
-1-
f : [1,1] R, f (x) = x

f x = 1 x = -1
x = 0
f x = 0
) f (0 .
f (c) = 0
+1
-1
3-2
f . c c ) (critical numaer
f (c) = 0 c ) ) ( c, f (c
:
f :[1,1] R f (x) = x
) f (0
f )) (0, f (0 .
102
-
Rolles Theorem
: ) (
.
) (3-2
: f
(1 ][a,b
(2 )(a,b
f(b)=f(a) (3
c ) (a,b f (c) = 0 :
-2 -
c:
], x [0,4
a)f(x) =(2-x)2
]b)f(x)=9x+3x2-x3 , x [-1,1
], x [-1,2
), x [-4,-1
x2+1
=)c)f(x
-1
]a)f(x) =(2-x)2 , x [0,4
: ] [0,4 .
: ) (0,4 .
f(0)=(2-0)2=4
:
)f(4)=(2-4)2=4 f(0)=f(4
.
-
103
)f (x) = 2(2 x
)f (c) = 2(2 c
f (c) = 0 2(2 c) = 0
c = 2
]b)f(x)=9x+3x2-x3 , x [-1,1
: ] [-1,1 .
: ) (-1,1 .
f(-1)=-9+3+1=-5
:
)f(1)=9+3-1=11 f (1) f (1
. c
2
x2 x+1
[1,
+1
x x [1,
]2] 2
)c) f (x
)f (x
=
=
1 x x [4,
[4,
1
]) ]
11
= ][-4,2
lim (x 2 +1) = 2 = L 1
x1
lim (1) = 1 = L 2
x1
+
L 1 L 2 ][-4,2

104
-
)(3-3
f ] [a,b ) (a,b
c ) (a,b f ( c ) = f ( b) f ( a ) :
b a
)f (b) f (a) = f (c)(b a
, = )f (c
y
))B (b,f(b
)f '(c
))A (a,f(a
x
A,B
)y f (b) f (a
=
x
b a
= c f = )f (c
) f ( b) f ( a
b a
= )f (c
-
105

)f (a) = f (b
:

= 0 = 0 f (c) = 0 :
-3 -
c :
a)a)f f( (xx) )==xx2 26x
6x++4....on..
4....on..
] ][ 1,7
, x [ 1,7
2
b) fb)( xf )(=x ) =25 25
x2 ...on..
x
] ]
[ 4,0
[ 4,0
, x...on..
2
6x
+ 4....on..
] ][ 1,7
)a)a
f (fx()x=) =x 2x 6x
+ 4....on..
, x [ 1,7
: .
: .

)f (x) f=(x
= 2x
62x 6f
)(c) f=(c
2c = 2c = 62c 6
)f (b)f f(a
(a) f (7) f (1) 11 11
)f (b
=
=
=0
a ab
7 +1
8
b
=
]0 = 2c 6 c = 3 [1, 7
106
-
2
x
= 25
)b) f (b
x )f =( x )25
x 2 ...on..
[ 4,0[ 4,0
] ]
,x ...on..
)( :
2
R
a [ 4,0 ] f (a) = 25 aa
lim f (x) = lim 25 x 2 = 25 a 2

xa
xa
lim f (x) = f (a)Q
f lim f (x) = f (a)Q a
xa
xa
a f ][-4 , 0
) (:
x [(-4
)4,0, ]0
:

c
25 c 2
= ) f (c
x
25 x 2
= )f ( x
f (b) f (a) f (0) f (4) 5 3 1

=
=
=
b a
0+4
4
2
=
1
c
=
2
25 c 2
25 c 2 = 2c
2
2
2
25 c = 4c c
= cc
=
m 55
= 55
] c = 5 [ 4,0
]
c = 5 [ 4,0
-
107
-4 -
f : [ 0,b] R : f ( x ) = x 3 4x 2
2
f
3
= c . b
2 4 16
f ( x ) = 3x 2 8x f ( c ) = 3c 2 8c f =
= 4
3 3 3
f (b) f (a) f (b) f (0) b3 4b2 0
=
=
= b2 4b
b a
b
b 0
=
2
2 2
2 2
b
4b4b
4
4b4b
b
b
= =2
b
2)2()b==020
4 4b
=2b42
b+2 +4 4=4b=0+0
4
(=b(0b
) b= b=0 =22b = 2

)(Approximation Using Mean Value Theorem
-5 -
26
]f (x) = x,x [25,26
f ][25 , 26
f ) (25 , 26
1
)f (x
=( f
x )1
)f ( x
2 x
2 x
1
f ( c ) =1
f (c) = 2 c
2 c
108
-
) f ( 26 ) f ( 25
26 5
1
)= f (c
=
1
26 25
2 c
) c ( 25, 26
) 36 (5
< 25
c ) c ( 25, 26
25 < c < 36
5 < c < 6 10 < 2 c < 12

1
1
<
< 0.1
12 2 c
1
< 0.1
< 0.083
2 c
0.083 < 26 5 < 0.1
5.083 < 26 < 5.1
5.1,5.083
5.083 + 5.1
= 5.0915 5.09
2
26
f ] [a,b ) (a,b b a = h
b = a + h h 0, h R :
)f (a + h) f (a
h
= )f (c
) f (a + h) = f (a)+ hf (c
b a h
a c x=a
:
) f ( a + h) f ( a ) + hf ( a
) hf (a .
-
109
-6 -
f ( x ) = x 3 + 3x 2 + 4x + 5 )f (1.001
f (1) = 1 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 13
f ( x ) = 3x 2 + 6x + 4
f (1) = 3 + 6 + 4 = 13
b =1.001
a=1
h= b-a =0.001
-7 -
) f ( a + h) ; f ( a ) + hf ( a
f (1.001)==f f(1(1) + (0.001

)0.001)) f (1
)
f(1.001
)= 13 + ( 0.001) (13
= 13.013
9.98cm
.
V )( x
b = 9.98
a = 10
h = b a = 0.02
v ( xx) = L 3
)v(x
] =x
L [ 9.98,10
v ( x ) =v L( x3 ) = L 3
2
3 2 v (10 ) = 3 (10 ) = 300
(vvx
]x))=[9.98,10
=L3x
(
x
L [ 9.98,10
L [ 9.98,10
]] 3
( v
10 ) = 102 =] 1000
= ) v ( x
10 )v= (10
3 (10
vL 3x
( =3xv
( x[)29.98,10
) =)23 (=10300
)2 = 300
2) 994 = 998cm3
2
v((9.98
1000
0.02
300
(10
) ((10
3 =) 3x
3 v+
v
x
=
3
= 300
)
(
)
)
v (10 ) v=(10 ) = 10
1000= 1000
3
3
3
3
1000
) =) 10
v ( 9.98vv)((10
1000
994
998cm
9.98
+1000
+ ( 0.02
= 998cm
(=0.02
) ( 300) (300
) =994
v ( 9.98 ) 1000 + ( 0.02 ) ( 300 ) 994 = 998cm3
110
-
-8 -
f (x) = 3 x 2 x 8 8.06
.
f : [ 8, 8.06 ] R , f ( x ) = 3 x 2 :
2
33 x
1
= 0.333
3
33 8
b =8.06
a= 8= 23
= )f ( x
h= b-a =0.06
= )f '(a) = f '(8
hf (8) (0.06)(0.333) = 0.01998

-9 -
: 10cm 0.3cm
.
- =
v(x) = x 3 (10)3
v ( x ) = 3x 2 - 0
b =10,6
a= 10
v ( a ) = v (10 ) = ( 3) (10 ) = 300
hv (10
a ) ( 0.6 ) ( 300 ) = 180cm3
h= b-a = 0.6
-
111
10

:
3
4
a) 5 ( 0.98 ) + ( 0.98 ) + 3
b) 3 7.8
d) 3 0.12
(0.98 )3 + (0.98 )4 + 3
c) 17 + 4 17
3
5
f (x) = x + x 4 + 3
)a
3 23
f (x) = x + 4x 3
5
3
5
f (a) = f (1) = 1 + 14 + 3 = 5
3 3
3 3 3 2 2
= )f f(a( a
4( 4)3()1()1) ==4.6
= = (1()1x)53 5++(4x
4.6
)) =f f(1()1f=)(x
5 5 5
2
ff((a
)a ++hh
)a ) + hfhf( a(a
) f f( (a)+
)
b =.98
a= 1
h= b-a = -0.02
112
(0.02).
)ff((0.98
0.98 ) ==f f(1(1)+
) + ( 0.02
)) . f (f1)(1
f ( 0.98
) 1 ) = +5 + ( 0.02) .( 4.6
)f ( x
2 x) = +5 0.092 = 4.908
f ( 0.98
1
5f ( 0.98
( c ) =)3 + (0.98 )4 + 3 4.908
2 c
-
b) 3 7.8
f (x) = 3 x :
1
3 3 x2
b =7.8
a= 8=23
= )f ( x
h= b-a = -0.2
f (a) = f (8) = 3 8 = 2
1
= 0.083
12
= )f (a ) = f (8
3 8
3
) f ( a + h) f ( a ) + hf ( a
1
( 8 ) += ( f0.2
( 8 ) ) f2( 8()0.2
2) (0.083
( 8 ) )+f(0.2
)( 0.2 ) ( 0.083
f (fx()7.8 ) =f (f7.8
= x= 2
= 22 0.0166
1.9834= 1.9834
0.0166
1
3
f3 (7.8
c ) = 1.9814
7.8 :1.9814 :
2 c
)c
17 + 4 17
1
4
1
2
f ( x) = x + x
1 12 1 34
f ( x) = x + x
2
4
b =17
a= 16
1
4 4
1
4 2
f (16) = (2 ) + (2 ) = 4 + 2 = 6
b-a = 17-16=1
:
3
1
1
1
1
= 22 + 23 = 0.5 + 0.25
2
2
2
4
) (
) (
3
4
1
+ 24
4
) (
1
2
1
f (16 ) = 24
2
) (
-
113
f (16) = (0.5)(0.5)2 + (0.25)(0.5)3 = (0.5)(0.25)+ (0.25)(0.125)
= 0.125 + 0.031 = 0.156

f (fa(+a h+)h) f (fa()a+)h+f h (f a ()a )
f (f17(17
(f16
) ) f (f16(16
) +)1+f 1(1)
) )
f(16
(16)
f (f17(17
) ) 6 +6(+1)(1(0.156
) )
) (0.156
4 6.156
1717
+ 4+17
17 6.156
d) 3 0.12
f (x) = x
1
3
1 23
f ( x) = x
3
f (0.125) f (x) = (0.5)
f (0.125)
1
3 3
= 0.5
2
1
1 1
1 2 4
3
f ( x ) = ( 0.5 ) 3 = = ( 2) = = 1.333
3
3 2
3
3
f ( a + b) f ( a ) + h. f ( a )
ff ( aa ++hbb) f (ff0.12
aa) ) + ( 0.005 ) .(1.333)
( aa) ++) h.h.ff ((0.125
ff ( 0.12
++( 0.005
(0.125
) ..(1.333
0.12) f ff( 0.12
0.125
0.005
1.333)
0.006665
) )0.5
ff ( 0.12
0.006665
0.12) f0.5
0.5
0.006665
(0.12
) 0.493335
3
ff ( 0.12
0.493335
0.12) 0.493335
0.12 0.44935
0.493335
33 0.12
0.12 0.44935
0.44935
0.493335
0.493335
b =0.120
a= 0.125
h= b-a = -0.005
-
114
(3
) jQ
.1 c :
3,
3
]
[ a) f ( x ) = x 9x ,x
a) 63 + 3 63
1
3
4
2
,
2
)b
1.04
+
3
1.04
,
x
(
)
(
)
b) f ( x ) = 2x +
2 3
x
a) 63 + 63
1
)c) f ( x ) = ( x 3) ,x [b
0, (31.04
] )3 3+ 3 (1.04 )4 c) 3 9
:
a) 63
.2 + 63
a) 63 + 3 63
1
1
3
4
3
)c
)d
3 63
4
)a
63
+
)b
) 3(1.04 ) + 3 (1.04
) b) (1.04 ) + 3 (1.04
9
101
3
4
b) (1.04
11
) 1 ) + 3 (1.04
1
)c
d) 3
c) 3
)e
9
101
19
2
c) 3
.3 6cm 0.1cm11
19
)d
)e
)d
101
.
1
2
101
)d
.4 84 cm3 1
.
)e
101
1
)e
.5 2 2.98cm 1
2
)e
2
.
.6 :
3
44
44
4
=4
41
)a
f
x
x
)a
f
x
=
x
1
(
)
(
(
)
(
[ 1,
[,31,
)a
f
x
)a
=
f
x
x
1
=
,
x
1,
3
(
)
(
(
)
)
(
)
[
)a) f (a
x ) f=( (xx)
= 1( )x , [11,
) ,3[1)]1,
],)[,1,
] ]]33] 3
33
3 33
3x
=3
b)h
x
=
x[x,
b)h
x
x,[x,
(
)
(
)
[]1,1
[ 1,1
b)h
x
b)h
=
x
x,
=
x
1,1
1,1
(
)
(
)
[
]]1,1
]] ]
b)h ( b)h
= ) x ) =( x
x,
x [ 1,1
xx,
22
=xx)=)2=x
x223x,
[3x,
[ 1,
[41,
c)g
==c)g
44
))c)g
[[2x1,
]1,
[ 1,
c)g((xxc)g
x()2 x(
=
x)(3x,
3x,
1,
3x,
( xc)g
]3x,
] ]]44] 4
) (
] [
xcos
=2
2x
2cos
cos
0,
x)(2x
cos
+[2[+0,
2cos
)=)=++cos
[0,[2
)d
)xx))d
cos
fcos
cos
2x
x,
2
0,
]] ]
)d) ff ((d
)f==d
xf()fx(=2x
2x
2cos
cos
+2x
2+
x,cos
0,
x,
2
)(d
[x,0,]]x,[x,2
]22
.7
22
c.
3
)a) f ( x ) = x3333 xa
1, [x21,
]3x]2 x + 1, [ 1, 3
f (xxxxx+
=
1,
22 3
3+
)a) ff (xxa
+)21,
1,
1,
3
)) ==f a
x[x1,
+
1,
3
)a
=x(xxf)(=xxx)
3
x ]+
[ 1, [ 1,
]] 3
22
2
b)h ( x ) = x22 4x
5,x2)[ 1,
] 5 ] 4x + 5, [ 1, 5
b)h++(5,
=+x5,
b)h( xxb)h
4x
b)h
xx) 2+
= 5,
x4x
1,
4x55+[]1,
5, [51,
(xx )(=4x
[1,
) == xb)h
]] 5
4
]4( x2)4]= 4 , [ 1, 2
c)g ( x ) = 44 c)g
, [ 1,
c)g( xx)c)g
1,
c)g
== (c)g
= 22,][ 1,, [21,
]] 2
xx+) (2=x,,[) 1,
xx ++ 22 x + 2x + 2 x + 2
2
2
,[2,
]7
d)B ( x ) = 3333 ( x +d)B
13 )222(,3x[ 0,
2
2 3 ]( x
2 +
=
1
)
)
d)B ( xxd)B
d)B
+ ,1][)0, ,2
( x( )xx(=++x1)1)=( x,,[+0,(0,1x2
)2
) ==d)B
] [0,]2, []0, 2
-
115
] [3-4 .
The First Derivative Test For Increasing And Decreasing For a Function
f
:
f ] [ a,b ) ( a,b
sin
Increa
Icrea
Icrea
singgsin
on (ga,b
1)a
f
)(x
>
0,
x
a,b
(
)
a) f (x) > 0, x ( a,b) f
)) on ( a,b

sin
decrea
g
decrea
singg
Decrea
sin
)b
2on((a,b
))a,b
b)ff((xx))<<0,0,x
x((a,b
))a,b
ff
on
.
-1 -
. y = f ( x ) = x 2 y = 2x
y = f ( xy) ==x02 xy= =0 2x
y = 2x
y = 0 x = 0
----- --0 +++++++
Q f ( x ) > 0, x > 0
f }
{xx=: 0x > 0
Q f ( x ) < 0, x < 0
f }
{xx=: 0x < 0
116
-
-2 -
)(
b) f ( x ) = 3 x 2
2
3
f x = 9x + 3x
x
y = 2x
)a
a) f x = 9x + 3x 2y=x03 x f= 0x = 9 + 6x 3x 2
)(
)(
0 = 9 + 6x 3x 2
0 = 3 x 2 2xy=32x
()
0 = x 3 xy+1
= 0 x x= =0 3, x = 1
x = 3, x = 1 :
) f ( x
- -- - - - - -1 + + + + + + + 3 - - - - - - -
x }<, {1
f }3:> }x}: ,x{>x :3x
{x : x{<x :1
( 1, 3( 1,
f : )) 3
33 x
)f ( x
= ) b) f ( x ) = 3 x 2 f ( x

, x = 0 x = 0
) f ( x
f
f
- - - - - - - (0)+ + + + + + +
}{ x : x > 0
}{ x : x < 0
-
117
] [3-5
) y = f ( x ) ( a, c f f =( x0) > 0
) ( c, d f ( x ) < 0
). (d,b
f = 0 x=a , x=b , x=c , x=d
)) p ( c, f ( c ) f ( c
) (Local Maximam )) q ( d, f ( d ) f ( d
)(Local Minimam
)f (x
++++++
++++++ ----- --
(3-3) jJ
f ] [ a,b x=C
) ( a,b :
)1) f ( c ) < 0; x ( c,b

) f ( c ) > 0; x ( a, c
f (c) = 0
) f ( c
)2) f ( c ) > 0; x ( c,b
) f ( c ) < 0; x ( a, c
f (c) = 0
) f ( c
118
-
f
f :
* f (x) = 0 x = x1
= ) f (x x = x1 ) f ( x x < x1
0
x > x1
)) ( x1 , f ( x1
) f ( x x < x1 x > x1
)) ( x1 , f ( x1
) f ( x x1

* .Td HdG GhdG Y H S

-
119
-3 -
f :
2
)a) f ( x ) = 1 + ( x 2
)b) f ( x ) = 1 ( x 2
c) f ( x ) = x 3 9x 2 + 24x
) a) f ( x ) = 1+ ( x 2
) f ( x) = 2 ( x 2
when
f ( x) = 0 2 ( x 2) = 0 x = 2
f (2) = 1+ (2 2)2 = 1
)f '(x
----- --2 ++++++
f }{ x : x > 2
f }{ x : x < 2
)) ( 2,1) = (( 2 ) , f ( 2 .
) b) f ( x ) = 1 ( x 2
) f ( x ) = 2 ( x 2
when
) b) f ( x ) = 1 ( x 2
f
2
x =x2 2
= ( xf) =x0
(2
) (
fwhen
(2) = 1 (2 2) = 1
)f '(x
f ( x+) =+ 0+
= + +x
+2 - - - - - -
120
-
}on { x : x < 2
}on { x : x > 2
f
f
= ) ( 2,1
)) (( 2 ), f ( 2
c) f ( x ) = x 3 9x 2 + 24x
f ( x ) = 3x 2 18x + 24
when
f ( x) = 0
3 x 2 6x + 8 = 0
3( x 4 ) ( x 2 ) = 0
x=2
f (2) = 20
)+ + + + + + f '(x
x=4
f (4) = 16 ,
++++++ ----- -
f
on { x : x < 2} and
}, { x : x > 4
f )(2 ,4
) on ( 2, 4
) (( 2) f ( 2)) = ( 2, 20
) (( 4 ) f ( 4 )) = ( 4,16
-
121
] [3-6
y
)(A
)(B
]3-4] jJ
f ) (a,b f
f f .
) (Concave up) (a,b

)(a,b
) ( Concave down) (a, b
) (a,b ) ( A ) ( B
(3-4) ge
f ] [a,b ) (a,b )(a,b
:
)f ( x ) > 0, (a,b
)f ( x ) > 0, x (a,b
) (a,b :
) f ( x ) < 0, x (a,b )x (a,b
f ( x ) < 0, x
122
-
-1 -
a) f ( x ) = x 2
b) f ( x ) = x 3
a) f (x) = x 2
a) f ( x ) =2x
2x
f ( x ) = 2
f R
f ( x ) > 0, x R
3
b) f (x) = x
f (x) = 3x 2
f (x) = 6x
f (x) = 0 6x = 0
x = 0
f (0) = 0
)f (x
f }{x:x>0
----- --0 ++++++
f }{x:x<0
) (b } {x:x< 0 } {x:x>0.
0) = (0, (0,
))f (0
0) = (0,
(0, .
))(0, f0)(0
=
(0, f
))(0
)(Point of Inflection
-
123
]3-5] jJ
) ( )
( .
-2 -
f (x) = 2x 3 3x 2 12x + 1 :
f (x) = 2x 3 3x 2 12x + 1
f (x) = 6x 2 6x 12
f (x) = 12x 6
1
2
)f (x
124
= 12x 6 = 0 x
1
11
f( )=
2
2
1
----- --2 ++++++
1
)f (x
2
1
) f (x
2
1
2
f (x) = 0
)f (x
=x
) ( 1 , 11 .
2 2
-
-3 -
:
a) f (x) = 4x 3 x 4
1
b) f (x) = x + , x 0
x
4
)c) h(x
)4(x=+4-(x+2
2)4
d) f (x) = 3 2x x 2
e) f (x) = x 4 + 3x 2 3
a) f (x) = 4x 3 x 4
)(
f ( x ) = 24x 12x
f x = 12x 2 4x3
2
f (x) = 0
0 = 12x 2 x
)f (x
x = 0or, x = 2
f (0)=0 , f(2) = 16
)(0,0
), (2, 16
- - - - - - -0 + + + + + + 2 - - - - - - -
f } { x:x >2 } { x:x <0
(0,0) ,(2,16) :
f (0,2) :
-
125
b) f x = x + 1 , x 0
x
)(
1
x2
f (x) = 1
2
x3
) f (0
)f (x
)(
= f x
----- --0 ++++++
f x < 0 : }{ x:x<0
f x > 0 : }{ x:x >0
0 .
c) h(x) = 4 (x + 2)3
h(x) = 4(x + 2)4

3
)(
h x = 12 x + 2
h(x) = 0
2
0 = 12 x + 2 x = 2
)h''(x
- - - - - - - -2- - - - - - - -
h } { x:x<-2 }{ x:x >-2
x= -2
126
-
f (2) = 4
)(2, 4
d) f (x) = 3 2x x 2
)(
)(
f x = 2 2x f x = 2 < 0
f (x) = 2 < 0
f R .
)(
e) f x = x 4 + 3x 2 3
)(
)(
f x = 4x3 + 6x f x = 12x 2 + 6 > 0 x R
) f(x .R
] [3-7
f f (x) = 0

. :
) (1 f (c) = 0 f (c) < 0 f . x=c
) (2 f (c) = 0 f (c) > 0 f .x=c
) (3 f (c) = 0 ) f (c .
-
127
-1 -
:
c) f (x) = x 3 3x 2 9x
a) f x = 6x 3x 2 1
)(
4
,x 0
x2
d) f (x) = 4 (x +1)4
b) f (x) = x
a) f x = 6x 3x 2 1
)(
)(
f x = 6 6x
f (x) = 0
0 = 6 6x x = 1
f x = 6 f 1 = 6 < 0
)(
)(
f (1) = 0 : . f (1) < 0 x=1

f 1 = 6 3 1 = 2 =:
)(
x0
b) f x = x 4
x2
8
f x = 1+ 3 ,
x
f (x) = 0
)(
)(
8
8
xx3 3=+8x
8 = 0= 2
x = 2
=
1
3
3
x
x
8
f (x) = 1+ 3
x
24
f (x) = 4
x
24
f 2 = < 0,
16
-
0 = 1+
128
) (
) )( (
f f 2 x=-2
f 2 = 0 :
2= 0< 0
:
= f 2 = 2 1 = 3
) (
) (
)(
f ( x ) = 3x
c) f x = x3 3x 2 9x
6x 9
f (x) = 0
()
0 = 3 x 2 2x 3 0 = 3 x 3 x +1
x=-1 x=3
)(
f x = 6x 6
x = 3 f (3) = 18 6 = 12 > 0
f (3) = 27 27 27 = 27 , x=3
) (
) (
f 1 = 6 6 = 12 < 0 f
=1x== 5-1
f(-1)=5
d) f (x) = 4 (x + 1)4
3
)(
f x = 4 x +1
3
f (x) = 0
0 = 4 x +1 x = 1
2
f x=-1
)f (x
----- -
)(
) (
f x = 12 x +1
f 1 = 0
+ + + + + + -1
-
129
{x:x<-1} f
{x:x>-1}

f (1) = 4 (1+ 1)2 = 4

f ( x ) = x2 +
a
, x 0
x
-2 -
a
f
x
=
2x
(
)
f x 2 x = 1 a
.
2a
f ( x ) = 2 3 = 0
a
a
f ( x ) = 2x f2 ( x ) = 2x (12 ) a
2a
axa
2
x
f
x
=
2x
(
)
2
+
2a
0
f
(x)
=
2
+
,x 0
3
ff ((xx))==x2x+x2a
x2
2
x
2a
f ( x ) = 2 xf
=a 0= 1
=0
3 ( x) = 2
3 2a
a
2a
2
1
(
)
1
(
)
x( x) )===x22
+ 2a
, x3 ==f000( x ) =2 2 a 3 = 0
ff ((1)
) ==x0 + (1)
2 + 2a = 0(x1
)3 2f +( x2a
1
x
2
+
2a
=
0
a2 += 2a
1 = 0 a = 1
a
f (ax )==1
2x 2
a1
a x
a = 1
f ( x ) = x 2 + f ( x ) = x 2 +
x2 + a a
ax
f
x
=
x
(
)
2
f ( x ) = x + a1f ( x ) = 0 a2xx x 2 = 0
x f ( x ) = 2x
f ( x ) = 2x
+
2
a
xa223 f ( x ) = 2x
3x a
f ( x ) = 2x 22x 1a= a x = 2x 2a
xf +
f ( x) = 0
( x )22==00 2x 2 =a0
2x
x
xfa3 (ax ) = 0 2x
=0
2
x
=
f ( x ) = 0 2x a12 = 0
x
x a2 x 3 = a
2x 3 = 1
a
xx3 3=
=3 =
2x
a
a222x 3 = a2a x23 =
3
3
2x = a xf =( x ) = 2 +
2
a
1
a
a
2
3
3
x=
x= 3
2
2
2= 3 a2
a
x
x= 3
2
0
2a
222af2= 6( x>) =
2 f ( x ) = 22 +2a
2=+6 >2022a
(x)2
,
x
f (x)
R= 6= >6 0> 0, x
RR
= 2 f
f f(x)
(x)2
f (x)2
f(x)
, x
f=
(x)
(1)
2= 2=2 a3
=
0f (x)
a
1
1
1
2a
x3
x3
x3
f
x
=
2
+
( ) a
f ( x ) = 2(+1)2
22 2
2a
2
=6>0
2= 6 > 0
=6>0
=6>0
1
x= 3

2
f
-
130
3
2
-3 -
b,a y = x + ax + bx
x = 1 x = 2 .
y = x 3 + ax 2 + bx
dy
dy
= 3x 2 +2ax
2a + b
]=0
dx
dx
dy
x = 1
= 0dy ] = 0
]
dy
2
dx dx
]=0
3 ( 1) + 2a ( 1) + b = 0 3 2a + b = 0..
dx
x = 1 x = 1
x2= 1
2
1
0...........
=3 ( 10
) +32a
)(1) dy (1
)+) +2ab(=10
+ b3=02a+3b=2a
+ b = 0...........
1
(
)( 2
1
3 ( 1) + 2a ( 1) + b = 0 3 2a + b = 0...........
( )] = 0
dx
dy
dy
x = 2
=0 ]=0
]
dy
2
dx dx
= 3 ( 2) + 2a ( 2) + b = 0 12 + 4a + b
=0
]
x = 2 x =dx2
2x = 2
2
+ 32a( 2( )2)++ 2a
)b =( 20
0...........
= 3 ( 2)0
)( 2) ( 2
+ b12
= +0 4a
+
12b+=4a
+ b = 0...........
2
) (1 ) (2 )2
3 ( 2) + 2a ( 2) + b = 0 12 + 4a + b = 0...........
( :
)f (x
++++++
f > x : x
2
< x : x
26
2 1 13
,
2 84
1
----- --2
1
> x : x
< x : x
2
3
a a== 3,b,b==6
6
22
3
y y==x 3x 3 3x 2x 26x6x
22
dy
2 2
dy==3x3x
3x3x6 6
dxdx
22 2
dy
y
ddy
2 ==6x6x
a3
f (dx
xdx)dx= 2x 2 3
x
22 2
y
d
dydy
2a
22 ==0 06x6x
3 3==0 0
fdxdx
=0
(2x ) = 2
3
)1
(
11
x2x=+=2a = 0
22
a = 1
1 26 a 13
f
(
= )) f (2x
= = x82 +
x 4
a
x2
f ( x ) = 2x
a
131
f ( x) = 0
2x
=0

x 2 -
-4 -

f ( x ) = ax 3 + bx 2 + c :
} {x : x < 1 }{x : x > 1

. c,b, a
( y + 9x = 28 ):
:
} { x : x < 1 } { x : x > 1
)( x = 1
)( 3,1
f ( x ) = 3ax 2 + 2bx
f ( x ) = 6ax + 2b
f (1) = 0 6a +2b = 0
2
) (1
0f
02a
+
b ==0...........
( 1) + b =3a
== )+(1b3
0
b
)3a (1
dy
y + 9x = 28 = 99
dx
) f ( 3 f x = 3
f ( 3) = 27a + 6b
- 9=27a+6b
f (12)) =+ b
0
3 =129a+ +4a2b
) ( 2() 2
2a
= 0-
+ b =0...........
) ( 3,1 + bx 2 + c
132
( y = f ( x ) = ax
-
)( 3
)1 = 27a + 9b + c ...(3
) (1 )( 2
0 b=- 3(-1)= 3
(a1)==1-1
- 3 = 9a + 2 ( 3a ) f
) ( 3 :
1 = 27 + 27 + c c = 1
-5 -
f ( x ) = ax 3 + 3x 2 + c 8
x = 1 . a, c
:
x = 1
f (1) = 0
f ( x ) = 3ax 2 + 6x
f (x) = 6ax + 6 f (1) = 0

0 = 6a + 6 a =1
f ( x ) = x 3 + 3x 2 + c
= f f(x( )x
) =-3x3x2 2++6x6x
f ( x) = 0
)f (x
)( 3
3x 2 + 6x = 0
3x ( x 2) = 0 x = 0 , x = 2
- - - - - - -0
+ + + + + +2- - - - - - -
f x = 2
) ( 2, 8 :
f ( x ) = x 3 + 3x 2 + c
18
) +=+c012=4+ c = 4
= 8
88f +=(12
-
133
(3
) jQ
4
.1 f ( x) = ax 6x + b a {4,8} ,b R a :
( f ( f ( f .
3
.2 ) (2,6 ) f ( x) = a ( x b a,b
.
4
.3 g ( x) = 112x, f ( x) = ax + bx + cx g,f
f ) (1 -11 . a,b,c
3
.4 6
.
x3 + c
.5 f ( x) = ax + bx + cx
) (-1,5 . a,b,c
2
.6
x0
f x1>1<1
x1
a
x
f ( x) = 3x c
f
f ( x) = x 2
f .
.7
134
+ bx 2 9x
f ( x) = ax f (1) = 5 , f (3) = 0 . a,b
-
] [3-8
Graphing Function
:
(1 :
) (Polynomial R
) f (x) = g(x }R = {x R : h(x) 0
)h(x
(2
) f : A B (i

x
xA(X
A(X
f )()1
)) =AA0 f (x) = f (x
) f : A B (ii
x
xA(X
A(X
f )()1
)) =AA0 f (x) = f (x
(3
x=0 ) y ( .
y=0 ) x (
(4 :
) (i ) y = g(x h(x)= 0 x
)h(x
x=a )(Vertical Asymptote
) (ii ) x = n(y m(y ) = 0 y y= b
)m(y
)(Horizontal Asymptote
(5 ) f (x) , f (x
.
(6 .
-
135
-1 -
f(x)=x5 :
) (1 = R
) (0,0) (2 .
) (3 :
5
x R, (fx
()1R
) ) = 0 f ( x ) = ( x
= x 5
)= f ( x
) (4 : .
f ( x ) = 5x 4
)(5
f ((x1) = 00f
) (1x)== 00 ( 0,0
)f (x
f
++++++
++++++ 0
}{ x : x < 0} { x : x > 0
) ( 0,0 .
)f (x
----- --0 ++++++
}{ x : x > 0
}{ x : x < 0
f ( x ) = 20x 3
f ( x ) = 0 x = 0
f
f
) ( 0,0
136
-
-2
-32
-1 2
-1 32
1
1
0
0
x
y
y
)(1 ,1
x
)(0 ,0
-2 -
)(-1 ,-1
y = x 3 3x 2 + 4
(1 = R
)x = 0 y = 04 (0, 40
(2
(3
x R(x) R f (x) = (x)3 3(x)2 + 4
)= x 3 + 3x 2 + 4 f (x
)f (x) f (x) , f (x) f (x
(4 .
(5
)f (x
f (x)== x 3 3x 2 + 4 f (x) = 3x 2 6x
)f f(x
(x)== 0 3x 2 6x = 0 x = 0 , x = 2
)f (0
)f (0)== 4 (0, 4
)f (x
)( 3
+ + + + + +0 - - - - - - - 2 + + + + + +
)f (2
)f (2)== 0 (2, 0
-
137
f }{x : x < 0} , {x : x > 2

f )(0 , 2
) (0, 0 (2 , 0) .
f (x) = 6x 6
f (x) = 0 6x 6 = 0 x = 1
)f (1) = 2 (1, 2
)f (x
----- --1 ++++++
f }{x : x > 1
f }{x : x < 1
) (1, 2 .
(6
-1
0
3
4
1
2
2
0
0
4
x
y
y
)(0,4
138
)(2,0
)(-1,0
-
- 3-
3x 1
x+1
= )f (x
(1 x + 1 = 0 x = 1 :
}R {1
(2 1 ) (-1
.
(3 :
1 1
if x = 0 y = 1
((0,1),
=x
),0
3 3
3x 1
1
1 1
(= 0 x(0,1),
if y = 0
)= x = ,0
x+1
3
3 3
(4
when x + 1 = 0 x=-1
3x 1
= letff (x) = y
x+1
yx + y = 3x 1 yx 3x = 1 y
1 y
y3
when y 3 = 0 y = 3
= x(y 3) = 1 y x
(5
)(x + 1)(3) (3x 1)(1

(x + 1)2
+1
3x + 3 3x
42
=
=
2
)(x + 1
(x + 1)2
)f (x
= y
x R {1} f (x) > 0

} {x : x > 1} , {x : x < 1 .
-8
1
4
3
x
=
)= 42(x +1
)f (x
= y
)f (x
y'' == -8
= )4(x + 1) (1
3
(x + 1)3
2
-
139
) + 1)3 (1
)f (x
''y
= 4(x
+ + + + + +-1 - - - - - -
}{x:x<-1
}{x:x>-1
y=3
x=-1
) (-1 .
-4 -
:
x2
f (x) = 2
x +1
y
(1 =R
(2 :
X
x=0 y=0.
) (00 .
(3 :
y=1
140
1
3
1
3
x R, x R
(x)2
x2
= )f (x
=
)= f (x
(x)2 + 1 x 2 + 1
-
(4 :

x2 + 1 0
x 2 2x 2
x2
2
2
+ y2 +
= yx 2= x 2
=+ y =2 x 2 = y =y yx
yx
yx
)let= yy=f (x
x +x1 + 1
+1
x 2 (y 1) = y x 2 = y
y1
let y 1 = 0 y = 1

(5
2x
)(x 2 +1)(2x) x 2 (2x
=
= )f (x
(x 2 +1)2
(x 2 +1)2
2x
)= 0 x = 0 f (0) = 0 (0, 0
f (x) = 0 2
(x +1)2
----- --0++++++
)f (x
)( 3
) f(x }{x : x > 0

) f(x }0{x : x < 0
)(x 2 +1)2 (2) 2x(2)(x 2 +1)(2x

) (00
= )f (x
2
4
)(x +1
2
2x + 2 8x 2 2 6x 2
1
=
=
=
0
x
=
3
(x 2 +1)3
(x 2 +1)33
3
1
1
- - - - - - - 3+ + + + + + 3 - - - - - - )f (x
1
) f (x 1
> }, {x : x
}
3
3
1 1
(
,
) f (x )
3 3
{x : x <
1
1
1 1
1 1
) = ( , ), (
) ,
3 4
3 4
3 4
(f
f (
-
141
(3
) jQ
:
1) f (x) = 10 3x x 2
2) f (x) = x 2 + 4x + 3
3) f (x) = (1 x)3 +1
4) f (x) = 6x x 3
5) f (x) =
6) f (x) =
1
x
x 1-1
x +1
7) f (x) = (x + 2)(x 1)2
x 2 1
8) f (x) = 2
x +1
9) f (x) = 2x 2 x 4
10) f (x) =
6
x2 + 3
-
142
] [3-9 .

... .
:
.1 ) ( .
.
.2
.3 .
.
-1 -
= x
= x2
f(x) = x+x2
f (x) = 1+ 2x, f (x) = 2 > 0

1
2
1
2
. 1
2
f (x) = 0 x =
1
f ( ) = 2 > 0
2
x=
-
143
-2 -
12cm
.
x
-x
12 - 2x
12
x cm
12 2x ;12 2x; x :
= :
12 - 2x
) ( ) () () ( (
v = v12
= 12
v = 2x
1212
2x 2x
12
2x
12
2x
x x2x x
( )(
)
V = f ( x ) = 144x 48x + 4x
dv
dv
= f ( x ) = 144 96x +12x
= 0 0=12(12-8x+x )12(6-x)(2-x)=0
when
dx
dx
2
V = f x = x 144 48x + 4x 4
3
x = 2 , ; x = 6
)f (x
)( 3
+ + + + + +2 - - - - - - - 6 + + + + + +
6

2 v = f (2) = 2(12 4)2 = 128cm3
144
-
-3 -
12cm
3 3
4
) 2x , h :(
:
2
x 2 + h12 = 144 :
x + h2 24h+144 = 144
12
h
x 2 = 24h h2
x
x = 24h h2
) : (
h -12
12
1
)A = (b)(h
2
1
A = (2x)(h) = hx
2
A = f h = h 24h h2
)(
0 h 24 : h
) A = f (h) = h2 (24h h2
)(
A = f h = 24h3 h4
dA
72h2 4h3
= )= f (h
dh
2 24h3 h4
f (h) = 0 72h2 4h3 = 0
4h2 18 h = 0 h = 18cm
-
145
)(
f h
+ + + + + + 18- - - - - - -
h = 18
=h = 18cm
= 2x
( )182
x = 24h h2 x = 24 18
)(18) (6
x = 18 24 18 = 18
3 = 6 3cm
= b = 2x= 12 3cm
:
A1 = r 2
2
2
)A11c= (12
cm2 2 rA1==1Ar 2 2m
12
4412==2144
21 =cm
A
1
1
18 = 108
)A2 = bh A2 = 6 3(8
180 3cm2
2
A2 108 3 3 3
=
=
A1 144
4
-4 -
24cm
18cm .
- x,y cm :
146
-
b
18 - x
18
x
r
42
: bns , bcr :
.
ns ba
y 18 x
=
=
cr bp
24
18
4
24
18 x y = 18 x
3
18
A = xy
: =
4
A = x (18 x).x
3
:
:
= y
4 44
f fx f x= xA= =A A18x
x2 x 2x 2
18x
18x
3 33
)) )
( ( ( ) )( () (
4
18 2x
3
)(
= f x
f (x) = 0 x = 9
-
147
4
8
2 =
3
3
) (
)(
= f x
8
f 9 = < 0
3
x= 9 cm .
)(
4
4
y = f18
(x) =x 0 ; xy==9 18 9 = 12 cm
3
3
-5 -
60cm
.
: = r cm = x cm
: + = 60 cm
60
60 == 4x
4x++2r
2r
1
)r = (30 2x
: +
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
x
+
30
2x
A = x 2 + 30A=A
2x
x=2 +
30
2x
) )
1
900 120x + 4x 2
( (
)(
A = f x = x2 +
1
120 + 8x
)(
f x = 2x +
1
)0 = 2x + 120 + 8x f2 =(x
x=060 + 4x
0=
xx + 4x 60 60 = xx + 4x
148
-
6060
x(
)+ 4
==
6060
= x =x
cm
x(
)+ 4
cm
+ 4+ 4
11
120
120
r =r = (30
) )
(30
+ 4+ 4
3030
cm
== r
cm
+ 4+ 4
-6 -
)(0,4
) . .(
x = z2 r
y2 x 2 = 3
) p(x,y y2 x 2 = 3 .
x2 = y2 _ 3
)... (1
s = (x 0)2 + (y 4)2
) s = x 2 + y2 8y +16...(2) ... (2
1 2 :
s = f (y) = 2y2 8y +13

4y 8
2 2y2 8y +13
= )f (y
f (y) = 0 4y 8 = 0 y = 2
Q x 2 = y2 3
x 2 = 4 3 = 1 x = 1
)
(1, 2), (1, 2
+ + + + + +-2 - - - - - - -2 + + + + + +
)f ((y
)3
-
149
(3
) jQ
6
.1 75 .
.2
.3
.4
2cm
2cm
3cm
.4
.4
.8
.5 .16 cm2
.6 .3 cm
.7 ) (6,8 .
.8 f ( x) = 12 x .
2
.9 8cm
. 12cm
.10 4 3 cm
.
.11 (125 ) cm3

.
.12
108 cm2
.
150
-

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Mathmtcs 3

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3

)(Higher- Order Dedrivatives

)y', y'', y''', y(4 ) ,...., y(n

] [3-2 Related Rates

Rolleo s and Mean Value Theorems

]a)f(x) =(2-x)2 , x [0,4

)f (b) f (a) = f (c)(b a

lim f (x) = lim 25 x 2 = 25 a 2

f (b) f (a) f (0) f (4) 5 3 1

]f (x) = x,x [25,26

5 < c < 6 10 < 2 c < 12

0.083 < 26 5 < 0.1

5.083 < 26 < 5.1

f (1.001)==f f(1(1) + (0.001

hf (8) (0.06)(0.333) = 0.01998

v ( a ) = v (10 ) = ( 3) (10 ) = 300

f (fa(+a h+)h) f (fa()a+)h+f h (f a ()a )

f (0.125) f (x) = (0.5)

)1) f ( c ) < 0; x ( c,b

* .Td HdG GhdG Y H S

----- --2 ++++++

) (Concave up) (a,b

----- --0 ++++++

f } { x:x >2 } { x:x <0

----- --0 ++++++

h(x) = 4(x + 2)4

h } { x:x<-2 }{ x:x >-2

f x = 4x3 + 6x f x = 12x 2 + 6 > 0 x R

f (1) = 0 : . f (1) < 0 x=1

f (1) = 4 (1+ 1)2 = 4

} {x : x < 1 }{x : x > 1

f (x) = 6ax + 6 f (1) = 0

f ( x) = ax f (1) = 5 , f (3) = 0 . a,b

----- --0 ++++++

f }{x : x < 0} , {x : x > 2

----- --1 ++++++

)(x + 1)(3) (3x 1)(1

x R {1} f (x) > 0

) f(x }{x : x > 0

)(x 2 +1)2 (2) 2x(2)(x 2 +1)(2x

f (x) = 1+ 2x, f (x) = 2 > 0

f (h) = 0 72h2 4h3 = 0

s = f (y) = 2y2 8y +13

.11 (125 ) cm3

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