:

:
.
:
.
0
-1

.
:
- .
-
) ) .ISO 772
- .

-2

QUANTITY
CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF THE CONDUIT, FOR
THE OPERATING CONDITIONS
CONCENTRATION OF THE TRACER

(2)
(SI)

L2

4/10

ML-3 3

10/3

7/17

8/2

m2
Kg/m3

(1)

DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT

(4

CRITICAL FLOW FUNCTION

(4

REAL GAS CRITICAL FLOW COEFFICIENT

(4

Cr

8/3

m/S

LT- 1

4/16

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY AT CONSTANT

PRESSURE

J/Kg.K

L2T-2-1

cp

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY AT CONSTANT VOLUME

J/Kg.K

L2 T-2-1

cv

VELOCITY OF SOUND

DIAMETER,DEPENDING ON THE OPERATING

.CONDITION
OF THE CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION OF THE CONDUIT
OF THE MEASURING CONDUIT UPSTEAM OF AN ORIFICE PLATE OR NOZZLE
OF THE INLET CYLINDER OF A CLASSICAL VEN- TURI TUBE HYDRAULIC DIAMETER

4/31
4/31
7/16
-

QUANTITY

HYDRAULIC DIAMETER -

(1)

Dh

4/9
7/16
7/17

7/16

ORIFICE DIAMETER OR THROAT OF

PRIMARYELEMENT, FOR THE OPERATING
CONDITIONS OR DIAMETER OF THE HEAD OF A
PITOT TUBE

VELOCITY OF APPROACH FACTOR

(4

RELATIVE UNCERTAINTY

(4

ABSOLUTE UNCERTAINTY

(4

S-1

T-1

m /S2

LT-2

EQUIVALENT UNIFORM ROUGHNESS

4/19

LENGTH

4/15

Kg/moL

4/33

POPULATION MEAN

(5

5/9

MACH NUMBER

(4

Ma

4/16

Population size

(5

5/9

FREQUENCY
ACCELERATION DUT TO GRAVITY

(2)
(SI)

MOLAR MASS OF FLUID

7/17

QUANTITY

(1)

(Dilution ralier (rate

(4

10/4

Sample size

(4

5/5/1

ABSOLUTE STATIC PRSSURE OF THE FLUID

Pa

ML-1T-2

4/11/1

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE

Pa

ML-1T-2

4/20

MASS FLOW-RATE

Kg/S

MT-1

(qm.(q

4/1/1

VOLUME FLOW-RAT

m3/S

L3T-1

(qv.(Q

4/1/2

(J/(moL.K

ML2T-2-1

4/33

RADIUS

TEST RESULT

(4

5/2

ARITHMETICAL MEAN DEVIATION OF THE

ROUGHNESS ) PROFILE )

Ra

( )

4/18

HYDRAULIC RADIUS

Rh

4/9

REYNODE NUMBER

4/15

REFERRED TO D -

(4

ReD

D -

REFERRED TO d -

Red

d -

MOLAR GAS CONSTANT

(2)
(SI)

QUANTITY

(1)

STROUNHAL NUMBER

(4

Sr

4/17

EXPERIMENTAL STANDARD DEVIATION

(5

5/9

STANDARD ERROR OF ESTIMATE

(5

sR

5/22

FLUID ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE

STUNDENTST DISTRIBUTION

(4

5/25

UNCERTAINTY

(4

5/26

m/s

LT-1

4/7

RANDOM UNCERTAINTY

(4

Ur

5/26/1

SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY

(4

Us

5/26/2

UPPER AND LOWER LIMITS OF A

NONSYMMETRICAL UNCERTAINTY

(4

(2)

FRICTION VELOCITY

m/s

LT -1

4/21

LOCAL VELOCITY OF THE FLUID

m/s

LT-1

4/17

(4

4/8

MEAN AXIAL FLUID VELOCITY

(2)
(SI)

NON-DIMENSIONAL{ RELATIVE } VELOCITY

U+ .U

QUANTITY
COMPENENT OF THE LOCAL VELOCITY PARALLEL
TO THE PIPE AXIS

(2)
(SI)

(1)

m/s

LT-1

vx

WEIGHT OF MEASUREMENT

(4

wi

5/11

ACOUSTIC RATIO

(4

7/15

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE RATIO

(4

7/13

( AVERAGE VALUE ( OF AVARIABLE X

(4

5/1

ARITHMETIC WEIGHTED MEAN WEIGHTED

AVERAGE

(4

INDEX OF ASYMMETRY

(4

(4

COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR

(4

4/33

FLOW COEFFICIENT

(4

7/18

KINETIC ENERGY COEFFICIENT

(4

4/10

DIAMETER RATIO

(4

7/4

DISTANCE FROM AMEASUREMENT POINT TO THE

WALL
NON-DIMENSIONAL DISTANCE FORM A
MEASUREMENT POINT TO THE WALL

5/11/1
5/1

QUANTITY

(2)
(SI)

(1)

RATIO OF THE SPECIFIC HEAT CAPCITIES

(4

4/31

EXPANSIBILITY { EXPANSION } FACTOR

(4

7/19

FLUID TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES CELSIUS

ANGLE BETWEEN THE LOCAL VELOCIT VECTOR

AND THE CONDUIT AXIS

rad

SENSITIVITY { INFLUENCE } COEFFICIENT

(4

ISENTROPIC EXPONENT

(4

UNIVERSAL HEAD LOSS COEFFICIENT

(4

4/6

5/2

4/32

4/2

DYNAMIC VISCOSIT OF THE FLUID

Pa.s

ML-1T-1

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY OF THE FLUID

m2/s

L2T-1

4/15

(4

5/7

Kg/m3

ML-3

4/32

(4

7/14

Pa

4/21

NUMBER OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM

DENSITY OF THE FLUID
PRESSURE RATIO
WALL SHEAR STRESS

(or )

)(1

)(2
)(SI

QUANTITY

rad

LNCLUDED ANGLE OF THE DIVERGENT

rad
-

ANGLE BETWEEN THE LOCAL VELOCITY

VECTOR AND THE AXIS OF THE METERING DEVICE

-1
-2 = , M = , L = , T = . =T
-3 ) (
-4 ) (
-5 0

-3

MEANING

UPSTREAM

DOWNSTREAM

EFFECTIVE

max

MAXIMUM

min

MINIMUM

NOMINAL

RESIDUAL

RANDOM

AT CONSTANT ENTROPY

SYSTEMATIC

TRANSITION

 -4

4.1
.
Mass
4.2 Flow-Rate
.
Flow-Rate

4.3 Flow-Rate

Volum

qm

.

4.4
.

Mean Flow-Rate

4.5
.
Velocity Distribution

4.6

.
Fully Developed Velocity Distribution

4.7

.
Regular Velocity Distribution

4.8
.

Flow Profile

4.9
.

Swrling Flow

4.10

) ( .
Swirl Angle

4.11

Mean Axial Flind Velocity , U

:
) (
.

 4.12

) (
.
*

Non-Dimensional [ Relative ] Velocity , V

4.13
.
.
Hydraulic Diameter, Dh

:
- 1
0
-2 , Rh
) Dh = 4 Rh ) 0

4.14

Energy

Kinetic

Coefficient,

A :
dA .
A .

= d vA
U

1
A

1 1.2.
4.15
.
Static Pressure

4.16

) Absolute Static Pressure Of The

)P

Fluid, P

4.17

Pressure

Gauge

4.18

4.19

Element

Dynamic Pressure
Dynamic Pressure Of A Fluid


( ) V2 1
.
2

4.20

Mean Dynamic Pressure In Cross-

Section

1
2

U2

4.21
.

Total Pressure

:
.
4.22

.
Stagnation Pressure

:

.

) ( 1

4.23

Reynolds Number,

Re

Re

= Re

:
U .
.
.
:

.

4.24

.
Mach Number, Ma

= Ma

U
C

Strouhal Number, Sr
4.25
" " v .

:
= Sr

4.26 ) (
:Arithmetical Mean Deviation Of The ( Roughness ) Profile,: Ra
.
:EQUIVALENT UNIFORM ROUGHNESS, k
4.27

.

4.28

universal head loss

: coefficient,

:
P=

U21

l
Dh

2
: *Friction velocity, u
4.29
t o :

to

= *U

4.30

.
Steady Flow

:

0

4.31

Pulsating Flow Of Mean Constant Flow- Rate

.
:
.
- ) (

4.32

.
Unsteady Flow

:
0

4.33

.
Laminar flow

:
" "
" .

4.34

.
Flow

Turbulent

 )(
.0

4.35
.
.Re
Fully Rough Turbulent Flow

4.36
.

Transition Flow

:
,
2000 12000 , 700
.

4.37
.
Coanda Effect

4.38
.
Doppler Effect

4.39

Ratio of the specific heat

,capacities

/ :
=

4.40

Cp
Cv

) ( Isentropic exponent, k

.
(k

p
=

S ) (.
)
(.
:

4.41
) (
:
Compresssibility Factor,Z

PM = Z
RT

R = 0 8.4143
-5


.
.
) (ISO 3534
)( Bt BM / tC.C / tso / oiml
:`Average value: x
) ( :
5.1
n n X X :
1
xi
= n i = 1
:Sensitivity [ influence ] coefficient. x
:
5.2
R : X .
=X

R
X

R x
= ` X
R
x

:
5.3
.

Frequency Distribution

:
5.4
.

Population

5.5

Sample


.
5.6 :
.

:Sample size, n

:
5.7
, .
.
True Value

:Number of degrees of freedom,y

:
5.8
.
:
) ( n-1
.

: Deviation:
5.9
.
:
.

5.10

standar

Experimental

: deviation , s
) ( n
:
S)) 2

= Xi - X

i=1

n-1

:
xi )(I
X n
:
- 1 N
,m :

N
( Xi - m )2
i=1
=N

-2 : n S
.

5.11

: ( Experimental standard deviation of the mean. S ( x

X m
:
)S (x
= ( S(x
n

5.12 :
) 22 /5 (.

5.13

Residual standard deviation. SR

Experimental

: Variance, S2

.

( x
n

i =1

n 1

5.14

Residual Variance,

:S2k
.
: Weight of measurement wi
5.15 :
.

5.16

Arithmetic Weghted Mean,

:X W
X W ) (
:

w x
i

i =1
n

= xw

i =1

5.17

Colibration:

5.18

Calibration Hierarchy :

) (: Traceability :
5.19
) (
.

5.20

) (:

: Normal distribution ; Laplace-Gauss distribution

) ( x .
1 x m
exp

2
2
1

= fx

:
m .
.

: Method of least squares

5.21 :

,
.
: Regression
5.22 :
,

,
.

 5.23 :
: measurement
.

) of

error

Absolute

:
- 1 0
- 2
.
- 3 ) (
) (.

5.24 :
.
utlier

5.25 )( :

.
Errors

Spurious

5.26 :
) (
Random error

:
.

: Systematic error
5.27 :
) (
.
:
-1 .
- 2 .

: Elemental error
5.28 :

.

5.29

Standard Error Of

Estimate , SR

 . ) ( n ) ( K
:

(ySi-i)2
R

n-k

n
== i
1

:
- 1 ) ( i
y k , .
-2 .

: Confidence limits
5.30 :

.
: Confidence level
5.31 :

0 95

: Student,s tdistribution
5.32 :

) ( .
) (t
:
x m
s
n

=t

:
m .
: U) 95) : Ur) 95 = t95 S) 95
t 95

: ( ) Uncertainty, u
5.33 :
0
:
-1 p 0

 - 2
0
0

: ( ) ,Random uncertainty, ur
5.34 :

.
:
p " 0

5.35

) Systemtic Uncertainty, Us

(:
.
:
p " 0

: Accuracy
5.36 :
)( .
.
.
:
0

5.37 :
.

Measurandd

:
0

 ) (

) (2

) (

 -6

:
6.1
.

Flowmeter

:

.

:
6.2

.
Meter Tube

:
:
) (

:
6.3

) .( 15/2 , 11/1/1 , 7/2
Primary Device

:
6.4

) .0 ( 11/1/2
Secondary Device

:
6.5
0
Ootput Signal

6.6

Calibration Factor Of The

Primary Device

 :
6.7
) ( 9 /6

.
Maximum Flow- Rate

:
.

6.8

Rate

Flow-

Minimum

:
) . (6/9
:
6.9
.
Flow- Rate Range

6.10 :
.
.
Transitional Flow- Rate

6.11 :


.
Nominal Flow- Rate

:
.

6.12 :
.

Full- Scale Flow- Rate

6.13 ) : ( :
( Pressure loss ( caused by a primary device
.
6.14 :

.
Working Conditions

6.15

Working Temperature

6.16

Working Pressure:

.
6.17 :
0

Installation Conditions

:
:

.

6.18 :


.
Straight Iength

6.19 :

.
Irregularity

( Flow Conditioner ( Straightener

6.20 :
.
6.21 :
.
Swirl Reducer

6.22 :
.
Flow Stabilizer

6.23 :
:
.
Constant- Level Head Tank

6.24 ) ( :

Wall ( pressure ) tapping

 ) (
.

6.25 ) ( :

.
Drain Holes

6.26 :

.
Vent Holes

-7
:
7.1


) .( 11 /7 10 /7 9 /7
Differential Pressure Device

) ( :
7.2
( Primary device ( of a differential pressure device

.
:
7.3
.

7.4

Orifice ; Throat

) B ( :

Diameter ratio ( of a primary device used in a given con duit ) B

7.5

Pressure Tappins ;Pressure Taps

7.6
Tappings

.

Corner Pressure

7.7 :

Flange Pressure Tappings


25.4 .
7.8 :

D ) D (
)( .
Vena contracta pressure tappings

7.9

D , D

D, and D/2 pressure tappings

, D, D 0,5
.

7.10

) (ring

Piezometer

:

.
:
.

7.11 :


.
Carrier Ring

7.12 :
.
Annular Chamber

7.13 :
.

Orifice Plate

7.14 :
) .( 3
Thin Orifice Plate

7.15 :
- .

Concentric Orifice Plate

7.16

Square-

Edged Orifice Plate

-
.
:
,

.

7.17

Conical

entrance orifice plate

7.18

Quarter- ciricle plate

) (3

 7.19 :
) 4 (.

Eccentric orifice plate

:
.

7.20

Segmental orifice plate :

) 4 (.

7.21

Nozzle

7.22

ISA 1932 nozzle

ISA 1932 :

) ( ) (
) 5 (.

7.23

Long- raduis

nozzle

) 5 (.

7.24

: Venturi Tube:

. ) (. - .

7.25

Classical Venturi

Tube

) .( 6

7.26

Nozzle

) .( 7

Venturi

7.27

tube

) (

Truncated venturi

 ) (4 )(

15A

) (5 )(

 ) (6 )(

) (7

7.28

Differential

: Pressure p

.

: Differential pressure ratio, x

7.29 :

.
7.30 :

Pressure

Ratio

) (

.
: Acoustic ratio, x
7.31 :
) K (.
7.32

E:

Velocity of approach factor ,

:E
:
D2

4 -1/2
= E =4 ( 1-
)
(D -d4)1/2

7.33 :
: coefficient , C
,
:

Discharge

qm(1-4)1/2
= C )1/2
d2(2PE
1

7.34

Flow Coefficient :

:
= CE

7.35

) Expansibility ( expansion ) factor

qm (1-4)1/2
= )1/2
d2C(2P
1

E):

 -8
Critical Flow Measurement
)
(.
:
.
) ( ) (
.

8.1

)
(.
Flow

8.2
C

Critical

Critical Flow

*Function

) ( ) ( ISOTROPIC
. .

8.3

Real Gas Critical Flow

Coefficient Cr

. :
Z

*Cr=C

8.4
) (
.
Pressure

Ratio

8.5
.

Nozzles

8.6

) (

( Nozzles
.

Critical

Sonic

Sonic ( Critical Venturi

 8.7
) (
) ( 8 .
Toroidal Throat Venturi Nozzle

8.8

Venturi

Throat

Cylindrical

)
) (I ) .( 9

) (8

 ) (9

-9 -
Velocity-Area Methods

.
: ,Y
Index Of Asymmetry, Y
9.1
) (
. :
n
)Ui-U)2

1/2
i=1
1
=Y
n -1

U i : ) .(i
).(i
: n .

9.2
Velocity

Points Of Mean Axial Fluid

 .
: Peripheral flow-rate

9.3

.
: Current-meter

9.4

.

9.5

Propeller- type current-

: meter
.
).( 10
: Self- compensating propeller

9.6

.
( Spin Test ( Of A Current-Meter
) (
9.7

.

9.8

Probe

Yaw-

.
:
.

9.9

.
Pitot- Tube

: Pitot- static tube

9.10

) .( 11
:
) (
) (.

 9.11 : Total pressure pitot tube

.
:
.

: Static Pressure Tapping

9.12

.
: Total pressure tapping
9.13
.
9.14
: ( tube


.

Differential pressure ( of a pitot

9.15
) (
.
Stationary Array

 ) (10

) (11

-10

) (.
10.1
.
Dilution Methods

10.2

) ( Constant- Rate Injection Methods

10.3

Method

Intagration

.

.
10.4

.
Transit Time Method

: ( Concentration of the tracer ( c

10.5
.
10.6 ) (
.
N

),

rate

ratio

Dilution

( Injection Cross-Section ( Station

10.7
.
( Sampling Cross-Section ( Station
10.8

.
10.9
.
Measuring Section

10.10

.
Mixing Length

10.11
: Cloud
) ( .
.

Time Of Passage Of The Tracer

: Counting rate

10.12
.

 -11
: Electromagnetic flow-meter
11.1

.
.
11.2 ) (
: ( Primary device ( of an electromagnetic flow- meter
:
. .
.
11.3
: ( Secondary device ( of an electromagnatic flow- meter

.
.
11.4
: Meter tube of electromagnetic flowmeter

.
: Meter electrodes
11.5
) (.
: Magnetic Field
11.6

.
: Electrode Signal
11.7

) - - (.

11.8

: Flow singnal


.
: In- phase voltage
11.9
.
: Quadrature voltage
11.10

.
:
.

: Common mode voltage

11.11
.
:
Referecnce
11.12 singnal

.

-12

: Weighing method
12.1

.
.
:
Static
12.2 weighing

.

 12.3

.
Dynamic Weighing

:
0

: Volumetric method
12.4

.
: Static Gauging
12.5

.
: Dynamic gauging
12.6

.
: Diverter
12.7 ) (
) (
.
:
.

12.8

) (

) Calibrated measuring ( volumetric

: tank

.
: Buoyancy cerrection
12.9

.
: Piston prover
12.10

) 12 12 ) (.
:
Bell
prover
12.11
) (

 ) (
) .( 13

 ) (

) : (12
: Liquid displacement system
12.12

) .( 14
: Soap- film burette
12.13
.

) .( 15

12.14

: Ring balance



) .( 16
-13

.
13.1 ) (
; Fluidic flowmeter ; nutating flowmeter

) ( ) .(17
13.2 : Vortex flowmeter
.
13.3 ) ( : Vortex- shedding meter

.

) .( 18
: Vortex precession meter
13.4

.
) ( ) .( 19

 ) : (13

 ) : (14

 ) : (15

 ) : (16

 ) : (17 ,
)(

 ) : (18 ) (
: Wake oscillator
13.5


).( 20
: Bluff body
13.6


.
-14
Varible- Area Methods
) ( )
(
) (

) .( 21
14.1 : Constant- head meter
.
: Voriable- head meter
14.2

.
: Cone-and float meter
14.3


) .( 22
14.4 : Orifice and plug meter

) .( 23
14.5 : Cone- and disc meter

.

) : (19 ) (

 ) : (20

) : (21 ) (

 ) : (22

 ) : (23 ) (

 ) : (24 ) (
: gate- type meter
14.6

) .( 24

14.7

Spring- loaded variable- head

: meter


) .( 25

: Annular space
14.8
.
: Float ; sinker
14.9

.
-15

) ( .
: Uitrasonic flowmeter
15.1


.
.
15.2
: Primary device of an ultrasonic flow meter
:
. . 15.3 : Ultrasonic transducer
0
:
.

: Clamp-on meter
15.4
.
: Diagonal beam
15.5

.

15.6

single- path diagonal- beam :

meter

) .( 26

15.7

Multi- Path Diagonal- Beam

Meter

) ( ) .( 28 27

15.8

: Time- of- flight ultrasonic meter ; transit time meter

.
: Bean- deflection meter
15.9

.
:
Phaseshift
meter
15.10
.
: ussian integration method

15.11

.

 ) : (25 ) ( ) (

) : (26 ) (

 ) : (27 ) (

) : (28

15.12

: Leading edge

) (1 .
) (2

.

:
Sing
around
) ( method
15.13


.
: Acoustic matching layer
15.14
.
-16
16.1
) ( 0

) ) (29
) , ( 0
16.2
,

, )0 (30
)
(0
16.3

0
16.4
)
( 00 0
16.5


00 0


) (

) (

) : (29

) (

) : (30

-17 )(

) ( ,
) ( 0
17.1
17.2
0
17.3
0
17.4
0

 17.5
) (
17.6
)( 0
17.7

17.8 )(PVG
, ) ( 0
17.9
,
0
17.10
17.11 )(
) ( ) (
" 0
)( 0
)(
)0 (31
17.12
0
17.13
17.14

0
0
17.15
)( 0
0

 17.16
0
17.17
0
17.18
17.19
0
0
17.20

,
0
17.21

0
:
7 16 0

17.22

)0 (32
17.23
0
17.24

0 0

 ) : (31

) : (32
-18
profile......................................................................................................................................................................................

(swirling (vortex...........................................................................................................................................................................
stagnat Ion.............................................................................................................................................................................................
steady Flow.........................................................................................................................................................................
) (unsteady Flow................................................................................................................................
)(laminar Flow.................................................................................................................................................
turbulent Flow..........................................................................................................................................................
transition Flow...............................................................................................................................................................
) (isontropic Exponent....................................................................................................

compressibity Factor.................................................................................................................................................
uncertainties.......................................................................................................................................................................................
population..........................................................................................................................................................................( )
traceability............................................................................................................................................................................................
least.................................................................................................................................................................................................................
straightener....................................................................................................................................................................................
swirl Reducer....................................................................................................................................................................
drain Holes...................................................................................................................................................( )
vent Holen...............................................................................................................................................................
nozzle.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
truncated........................................................................................................................................................
expansibility...........................................................................................................................................................................................
throat......................................................................................................................................................................................................
propeller...............................................................................................................................................................................................
compensating Propeller.........................................................................................................................................
spin..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
yow Probe...........................................................................................................................................................................
stationary Arrary.................................................................................................................................................................
orifice............................................................................................................................................................................................................
gate..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
annular Space........................................................................................................................................................................
float Sinker.......................................................................................................................................................................
uitrasonic.................................................................................................................................................................................
transducer....................................................................................................................................................................................
clamp.........................................................................................................................................................................................( )
diagonal Beam................................................................................................................................................................

beam-Deflection.........................................................................................................................................................
phase-Shift..............................................................................................................................................................................
leading Edge.......................................................................................................................................................................
sing................................................................................................................................................................................................................
acoustic matching layer..................................................................................................................................
cross-Correlation..........................................................................................................................................................................
ensor..............................................................................................................................................................................( )

-19
(ISO 4006/1991(E/F
.Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits- Vocabulary and symbols

MEASUREMENT OF FLUID FLOW IN

CLOSED CONDUITS VOCABULARY AND SYMBOLS