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2402 Know Your Prostate Ifm
2402 Know Your Prostate Ifm
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Contents
About this booklet What is the prostate? What can go wrong? What changes should I look out for? What is an enlarged prostate? What is prostatitis? What is prostate cancer? What should I do next? 2 4 4 6 8 10 11 15 16 20 21 23 24 25
he following symbols appear throughout the booklet to guide T you to sources of further information: Prostate Cancer UK Specialist Nurse helpline Prostate Cancer UK publications If you would like to know more about anything you read in this booklet, you can call our Specialist Nurses on our condential helpline.
What will happen at the GP surgery? What will the test results tell me? Medical terms used in this booklet More information from us Other useful organisations About Prostate Cancer UK
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bladder
urethra
penis
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If you are having problems urinating, it is still a good idea to get things checked out, even if just to put your mind at rest. Symptoms to look out for include: needing to go for a pee more often, especially at night for example if you often need to go again two hours after urinating difculty starting to urinate straining or taking a long time to nish urinating a weak ow when you urinate a feeling that your bladder has not emptied properly needing to rush to the toilet you may occasionally leak before you get there dribbling urine. Less common symptoms include: pain when urinating pain when ejaculating problems getting or keeping an erection* blood in your urine or semen. * Erection problems are not common symptoms of a prostate problem and are more often caused by other health conditions. You might nd it helpful to tick any symptoms that you have and take this booklet with you if you are going to see your GP. Problems urinating are common in older men but this doesnt mean you have to put up with them. There are ways to treat them or manage them yourself. If you have any of the symptoms above, you should think about visiting your GP. Read more about visiting the GP on page 16. You can also talk to a Specialist Nurse by calling our condential helpline.
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An enlarged prostate is the most common cause of urinary problems in men as they get older. Having an enlarged prostate affects men in different ways. Some men are able to cope with their symptoms well and do not need treatment. Having an enlarged prostate does not increase your risk of getting prostate cancer. However, men can have an enlarged prostate and prostate cancer at the same time. If your symptoms are not affecting your day-to-day life and there are no complications, your GP or specialist may advise you to wait and see how your condition develops. How can I help myself? Making some simple changes to your lifestyle, such as avoiding alcohol and caffeine and drinking less in the evening can help relieve mild urinary problems. If these changes dont help, your doctor may also prescribe medicines or recommend surgery. Find out more in our booklet Enlarged prostate: A guide to diagnosis and treatment.
urethra
prostate tissue
narrowed urethra
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What is prostatitis?
Prostatitis can be caused by either an infection or an inammation of the prostate. It is not a form of cancer. Prostatitis can cause a wide variety of symptoms, which differ from man to man and include those described on page 7. In severe cases it can cause fever and sweating and needs treatment in hospital. Prostatitis is a common condition. It can affect men of any age but its most common in younger and middle aged men, typically between 30 and 50. There are different types of prostatitis, which are treated in different ways. Some men take antibiotics or other medicines called alpha-blockers. Read our booklet Prostatitis: A guide to infection and inammation of the prostate for more information.
Normal cells
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Your risk of prostate cancer might be increased if you have close relatives with breast cancer if their breast cancer is linked to faults in the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2. If you have relatives with prostate cancer or breast cancer and are worried about this, speak to your GP. Although the risk is increased, it doesnt necessarily mean you will get prostate cancer. Ethnicity Black men are more likely to get prostate cancer than men of other ethnic backgrounds. In the UK, about 1 in 4 Black men will get prostate cancer at some point in their lives. The reasons for this are not yet clear but might be linked to genes. Lifestyle No one knows how to prevent prostate cancer, but diet and a healthy lifestyle may be important in protecting against the disease. You can read more in our leaet Diet, activity and your risk of prostate cancer.
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Urine test
This involves you giving a urine sample to check for any infection that could be causing you problems urinating. This can also help rule out any problems with your kidneys or diabetes. You might also have a blood test to check that your kidneys are working properly.
I visited my GP after watching a television programme about prostate cancer and thought I could be at risk.
A personal experience
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PSA test
The PSA test is a blood test that measures the total amount of prostate specic antigen (PSA) in your blood. PSA is a protein produced by cells in the prostate. Your PSA level rises as you get older. Prostate problems such as an enlarged prostate and prostatitis, as well as prostate cancer, can cause your PSA level to rise. A PSA test alone cannot tell you whether you have prostate cancer. Your GP will need to look at your PSA level together with other test results, like a digital rectal examination (see below). All men aged over 50 are entitled to have a PSA test as long as they have rst talked through the pros and cons with their GP. For more information, read our booklet: Understanding the PSA test: A guide for men concerned about prostate cancer.
You are more likely to have the following tests at the hospital.
Urine ow test
This test involves urinating into a machine that measures the speed of your urine ow. If you are urinating slowly, it may mean that your prostate is pressing on the urethra. Youll need a full bladder for the test, but your doctor and nurse will tell you how much you need to drink beforehand.
Ultrasound scan
An ultrasound scan can show if your bladder is emptying properly. You might have the scan after the urine ow test, when you have nished urinating. The scan will show whether any urine is left in the bladder. Worried about going to the GP? Some men worry about going to the GP because they do not want to have intimate examinations, or think that the tests could be painful. It is natural to feel embarrassed, but any examinations should be over quickly and the doctor or nurse is used to seeing the human body. If you would prefer to see a male GP, ask for one when you make the appointment. None of these tests should be painful, although some men nd the DRE uncomfortable. Remember, the tests are not being done unnecessarily they will make sure that your doctor or nurse can get the best idea about whether you have a problem that needs treating.
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If you want to see a urologist but your GP has not referred you to one, they should be happy to discuss this with you. Read more in Understanding the PSA test: A guide for men concerned about prostate cancer. It is natural to feel worried or embarrassed about having tests and check-ups. But dont let that stop you going to your GP. Remember, the tests give your GP the best idea about whether you have a problem that needs treating.
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Prostate specic antigen (PSA). A protein that is produced by the prostate gland. It is normal for all men to have a small amount of PSA in their blood. A raised PSA level can be due to a variety of reasons including age, infection, an enlarged prostate and prostate cancer. A test that measures the amount of PSA in the blood. It can be used alongside other tests to help diagnose prostate problems and to monitor prostate cancer growth and the effectiveness of treatment.
Urethra In men, the tube that carries urine from the bladder, and semen from the reproductive system, through the penis and out of the body. Urologist A doctor who specialises in the urinary and reproductive systems. Urologists are also surgeons. We also have a separate Tool Kit fact sheet, A-Z of medical words, which explains more words that you may hear or read when you are nding out about prostate cancer.
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The quotes with the photos are not the words of the people who appear.
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