Relationships in Nature

BIO108

Symbiosis
Living together A partnership Two different species Both partners benefit mutual benefit

Animal Kingdom
Nile crocodile & crocodile bird Hermit crab & sea anemone Buffalo & oxpecker Shark & remora fish

Crocodile & Bird

Nile crocodile
Usually eats animals Allows bird to walk around its mouth

Crocodile bird
Cleans parasites in crocs teeth Removes and eats scraps of food Eats harmful leeches and parasites

Hermit Crab & Sea Anemone

Hermit crab
protects the crab

Sea anemone
Gets leftover food

http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm

Buffalo & Oxpecker

Buffalo
Lets the bird eat

Oxpecker
Eats ticks and other parasites off skin Warns buffalo of danger

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/enemies/partners.html

Shark and Remora Fish

Shark
Lets the fish eat

Remora Fish
Eats parasites Gets the sharks leftovers

Lichen
Slow growing plants Partnership: fungi & algae Neither could live alone

Relationships
Phoresis Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism

Phoresis
Loose association One organism is smaller than other Larger organism used for transport Dung beetles and cow dung

Commensalism
eating together at the same table Only one member benefits
sharing space, defense, shelter, food

Neither will die if relationship is ended Shrimp & sea cucumber

http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm

Mutualism
Both organisms derive mutual benefit Intimate and obligatory Neither can survive without the other Example host and parasite

Tickbirds and rhinos Clownfish & sea anemone

Parasitism
Not symbiotic Causes harm to host