CNG THC TNH TON CC CU KIN

KT CU THP
I- CT C CHU NN NG TM.

Bit lc nn N, iu kin lin kt hai u trong hai phng, s hiu thp.

Trnh t gii:
Bc 1: Xc nh lox3, loy
l o = l

Hnh
Bc 2: da vo N, lox,loy gi thit gt
Khi N <150T lox,loy 6m
Ly gt = 80 100 ra ra gt
N

Bc 3: Tnh din tch tit din yu cu Fyc = R

gt
Bc 4: Tnh bn knh qun tnh rxyc =

lox

; ryyc =

gt
Bc 5: Tnh kch thc tit din ch I {hoc L}
ryyc
r
; h = xyc
Nu tit din I ta c: b =
0 ,24
0 ,42
Chn trc b, c theo cc iu kin cu to
Bc 6: Kim tra li so cho F Fyc
Bc 7: Tnh Jx, rx, x ra ra x
Tnh Jy, ry, y tra ra y

loy

gt

Bc 8: Kim tra li vi min trong x, y, = F R , Tit din t yu cu.

min
Bc 9: Kim tra n nh ca bn cnh, bn bng theo cc iu kin cu to.
V d :
Chn tit din thanh xin u dn chu lc nn N1, N2 nh hnh v 4-20. Bn mt dy
12mm. Thp c R = 2100kg/cm2. Dng thp gc khng u cnh ghp thnh dng ch T.
Gii :
Trong mt phng dn
llx = 170cm
l2x = 200cm
Ngoi mt phng dn
lly = l2y = 370cm
Gi thit gt = 80
cos = 0,734
57000

Fxyc = 0,734 x 2100 x 0,8 = 46,2cm2 (0,8 l h s iu kin lm vic)

200
= 1,67cm
120
370
rxyc =
= 3,08cm
120

rxyc =

Chn tit din ghp t 2L 160 x 90 x 10 c

F = 2 x 25,3 = 50,6cm2 < Fyc

rx = 4,04 > rxyc

ry = 7,77 > rxyc
Bo m yu cu v mnh
Kim tra li tit din
on c N1 = 57T
370

ly = 7,77 = 47,62 48
370

lx = 4,04 = 91,58 92 chn max = 92

Ta c = 0,652
57000

max = 0,652 x50 x 6 x 0,8 = 2160kg/cm2 < 2100kg/cm2

(Vt < 3% c th cho php)
on c N2 = 53T < N1 = 57 T khng cn phi kim tra

II- CT C CHU NN LCH TM.

iu kin bn

M
N
M
x y y R
Fth
J xth
J yth

n nh tng th
N
R
lt Fng

lt tra bng 4-1 ph thuc vo mnh quy c = R v lch tm tnh i

x

m1 = m; lox,loy
l h s nh hng ca hnh dng tit din; vi tit din I ][, [],][ = 1,3

III- THANH CHU KO DC TRC.

Fyc =

N
R

V d :
Xc nh tit din thanh cnh h v ko chu lc ko N = 80T, chiu di tnh ton lx =
6m, ly = 18m. Tit din nguy him nht c hai l inh d = 19mm. Dng thp CT3, h s iu
kin lm ve v = 1, thp m dy 10mm.
Gii :
Fyc =

80000
= 38cm2
2100

V c l inh nn ly Fyc = 1,1 x 38 = 41,8cm2

[ ] = 400 ; r

yc

600
1800
= 1,5cm; ryyc =
= 4 ,5cm
400
400

Chn 2L 125 x 9 ghp dng ch ] [

C: F = 2 x 22 = 44cm2> Fyc
rx = 3,87 cm > rxyc
ry = 5,48cm > ryyc
Din tch thu hp: Fth = F - Fl = 44-2.1,90.0,8 = 40,96cm2
N

80000

= F = 40,96 = 1953kg/cm2 < 2100kg/cm2

th

IV- DM NH HNH.

1. Chu un phng:

M max
R
- Chn I hoc [ theo bng tra
- Kim tra li tit din
M max
R
Tit din c Mmax =
Wth
Qmax S c
Rc
Ti tit din c Qmax =
J x b
- Tnh Wyc =

Ti dit din M v Q td = 12 + 3 12 R
l, 1 ti ch tip gip gia bn cnh v bn bng
M hb
QS c
; 1 =
1=
W hd
J bb
Ti ch c lc tp trung t cnh trn, ti khng c sn ng cn kim tra.
P

cb = .Z R; Z = bc + 2 c
b
bc l chiu di thc t truyn P ln dm
- Kim tra vng
f
5
qc l 3 f
=

l
384
EJ
l

V d :
Mt dm ph c tit din ch I, nhp tnh ton l 4m, ti trng phn b i tnh ton q =
2000kg/m (do tnh ti v hot ti sn truyn vo). Chn tit din dm.
Gii :
2000 4 2
M=
= 4000kgm = 400000kgcm
8
Wyc =

400000
= 190cm3
2100

Chn I.20a c Wx = 203cm3; Jx = 2030cm4, F = 28,9cm2, Sx = 114cm3

= 0,52cm, trng lng tiu chun bn thn dm: 22,7kg/m kim tra li tit din
Ti trng do sn 2000kg/m
qd = 2025kg/m
ng sut php =

M
W

2025 4 2
= 4050kgm = 405000 kgcm
8
405000
=
= 1995 kg/cm2 < 2100kg/cm2
203

M=

QS x

ng sut tip = J
x
2050 4
= 4100kg
2
4100 114
=
= 443kg/cm2< Rc = 1500kg/cm2
2030.0 ,52

Q=

Kim tra vng

4050

Mc = 1,15 = 3522kgm

f1 =

5
352200 400
1
1

= 0,003 =
<
6
48 2,1 10 2030
333 250

Chn I.20a l t yu cu
2. Chu un xin
l2
8
l2
Mx =qcos
8

My= qsin

Chn: Wx
= 8;Wx =
Wy

Kim tra max =

1
Wx

Tnh vng: fy =

M+

Wx
.M y
Wy
R

Wx
.M y < R
M x +
Wy

5 M xl 2
48 EJ x

2
5 M yl
fx =
48 EJ y

f=

f x2 + f y2 ;

f
f

l
l

V d :
Mt dm thp c tit din dng lm x g trn mi nghing = 300 chu ti trng phn
b u q = 200kg/m, nhp l = 4m. Chn s hiu thp.
Gii :
= 30o
sin = 0,500
cos = 0,866
42
= 200kgm
8
42
Mx= 200 x 0,866 x
= 346kgm
8

My = 200.0,5 x

S b chn
Mx +

Wx
=8
Wy

Wx
My
Wy

34600 + 8 x 20000 = 93cm3

=
R
2100
S b chn [ No18 c Wx = 120cm3; Wy = 16,9cm3
Kim tra li ng sut php

Wx =

max =

1
120

34600 +
.20000 = 1471kg/cm2 < 2100kg/cm2

120
16,9

Kim tra vng: Vi [ No18 c Jx = 1080cm4; Jy = 85,6cm4

5
34600 400 2

fy =
= 0,25cm
48 2,1 10 6 1080
5 200000 400 2

fx=
= 1,85cm
48 2,1 10 6 85,6
f = 0,25 2 +1,85 2 =1,87cm
f 1,87 1
1
=
<
l
400 214 200
Chn [ No18 lm x g t yu cu

V- DM T HP HN.

- Chn tit din dm

hdmin =

5
Rl 1

24 E
f ndh

1
gc + pc
=
n dh
g+p
- Chiu dy bn bng khi khng cn sn gia cng
b

hb
5,5

R
E

b 8mm
- Tit din cnh dm, c = 12 24mm

h d h 3b
2
W

bc =
yc
c h c2
2 12
bc

E
; bc 30 c
R

Thng ly bc = hd

bc 180mm
bc

1
5

1
2

1
hd
10
M

- Kim tra bn v chu un = W R

th
Q max Sc
- Kim tra bn v chu ct =
Rc
J b
Khi c M, Q td = 12 + 312 1,15R
Mh b
QSc
; 1 =
Trong : 1 =
Wh d
J d b
- Khi c lc tp trung t ch khng c sn ng
td = 12 + 2cb cb l + 312 1,15R
- Kim tra vng
f f

l l

VI- LIN KT HN.

1. ng hn i u
a- ng hn vung gc vi trc nn hoc ko:
N

h = F Rn ; Rk
h
Fh = .lh; lh = b - 2
b- ng hn xin gc vi trc chu nn hoc ko:
N sin
h
h
h = l Rn ; Rk
h
h
N cos
Rch ;
h = l
h h
c- ng hn chu M v Q
h =

M
Rnh ; Rkh
W

h
h = l Rc
h

td = h2 + 3 h2 Rkh
2. ng hn gc
a- Chu lc dc
N

lh = 0,7 h R h
h
g
Chiu di ti thiu mt ng hn lhmin 4hh v 40mm; hhmin 5mm
b- Chu M, Q
M

h = W
h
h =

Q
l h 0 ,7 hh

t = h2 + h2 Rgh
V d :
Hai bn thp CT3 tit din 250 x12mm c lin kt bng mi hn i u thng vi
lc ko tnh ton l N = 50T.
Kim tra li ng hn nu bn tay, que hn E.42
Gii :
Ah = .lh = 1,2cm. (25-2x1,2) = 27,12cm2
50000
= 1843,6kg/cm2
27,12

hk =

hk > R = 1800kg/cm2 (vt 2,4% coi nh t yu cu)

V d :
Lin kt hai bn thp v d trn bng ng hn i u xin mt gc 45 o, hn tay,
que hn E.42. Kim tra ng hn vi N = 50T.
Gii :
bn gii hn ca bn thp
25 x 1,2 x 2100 = 63000kg = 63T > 50T
lo
25
2 =
lh = sin
2 - 2 x 1,2 33cm
2
hk =

h =

500.000 x sin 40 0
= 893kg/cm2 < Rkh = 1800kg/cm2
1,2 x33

500.000 x cos 45 0
= 893kg/cm2 < Rch = 1300kg/cm2
1,2 x33

Lin kt hn gc
V d :
Lin kt hai tm thp 150 x 12mm bng hai tm p. Lin kt chu lc ko N = 37T,
dng ng hn gc cnh. Tnh chiu di bn p, dng thp CT3.
Gii :
Din tch ca 2 bn p
2Ab. =

37000
= 17,6cm2
2100

Chiu dy mt bn p

 b. =

17,6
= 0,73cm
2 x12

Chn{ }b. = 8mm

Chiu cao ng hn gc hh = 8mm
Tng chiu di ng hn mi pha ca lin kt
37000

lh = 0,7 x 0,8 x1500 = 44cm

Tng chiu di lhbao gm 4 ng hn (pha trc v pha sau). Do chiu di mt
ng hn l

44
= 11cm; lh= 11+1 = 12cm
4

Chiu di bn p
lb. = 2x12cm + 1cm = 25cm
(1cm l khe h ti a gia hai bn thp)
V d :
Tnh lin kt bn mt v ko nh hnh v
Gii :
Chiu cao ng hn hh = 8mm
Chiu di ng hn sng
0,7 x 42500

lhs = 2 x0,7 x0,8 x1500 = 17,7mm

Cu to lhs = 17,7 + 1 = 18,7 chn 19cm
Chiu di ng hn mp
0,3 x 42500

lhm = 2 x0,7 x0,8 x1500 = 7,6cm

Cu to lhm = 7,6 + 1 = 8,6cm chn 9cm

VII- LIN KT BU LNG.

1. Kh nng chu ct ca 1 bu lng

.d 2 bl
bl

[ N ]c

= nc

Rc

nc - s mt ct ca 1 bu lng
d- ng knh phn khng ren ca bu lng (thn bu lng)
bl
Vi CT3, Rc = 1300kg/cm2
2. Kh nng chu p mt ca 1 bu lng

[ N ] blem = d min l Rembl (d: ng knh thn bu lng)

min l tng chiu dy nh nht ca cc bn thp trt v mt pha

bl
Vi CT3 Rem
= 3400kg/cm2.
3. Chu ko theo phng trc bu lng
2
[ N ] blk = d 0 Rkbl (do: ng knh ch c ren)
4
Vi CT3, Rkbl = 1700kg/cm2
4. S bu lng khi ct v p mt
N
nd =
[ N ] dmin

[N ]

trong 2 tr s [ N ] cb v [ N ] em
l

d
min

bl

V d :
Tnh lin kt thp gc L 125 x 10 vo bn mt dy = 14mm lc ko N = 35T, ng
knh bu lng d = 24mm. Tnh s bu lng v b tr bu lng.
Hnh
Gii :
Kh nng chu ct ca mt bu lng

[ N ]blo

=1500.0,9

3 x14 x 2,4 2
:1 = 6100kg
4

Kh nng chu p mt ca mt bu lng

[ N ]blem = 2,4 .1.3400 = 8160kg
Chn [ N ] bl = [ N ] bl
S bu lng trong lin kt
min

nbl =

35000
= 5,74 chn 6 ci v b tr nh hnh 4-18
6100

MT S BNG TRA THIT K KT CU THP

Khong cch gia cc khe co gin nhit

Khong cch ti a gia cc khe co gin nhit khung thp nh mt tng v cc cng
trnh c quy nh bng .
Bng : Khong cch ti a gia cc khe co gin nhit (m)
Khong cch ti a (m)
Gia cc khe nhit
T khe nhit hoc t u
c im cng trnh
mt nh n trc ca h
Theo dc nh Theo ngang nh
ging ng gn nht
Nh c cch nhit
230
150
90
Cc xng nng
200
120
75
Cu cn l thin
130
50
Ghi ch: Trong phm vi on nhit ca nh v cng trnh c hai h ging ng th
khong cch gia cc ging (tnh t trc) khng c vt qu cc gi tr: i vi nh ly
t 40 n 50m; i vi cu cn l thin ly t 25 n 30m
Bng : H s phn phi ni lc N khi lin kt cc thp gc vi thp bn
Loi thp gc
Hnh dng
k
1-k
u cnh
0,70
0,30

Khng u cnh
Khng u cnh

0,75
0,60

0,25
0,40

Bng : H s iu kin lm vic

S TT
Cc cu kin ca kt cu
1
Dm bng c v cc thanh chu nn trong dn ca cc sn nh ht,
cu lc b, rp chiu bng, khn n, ca hng, kho gi sch v kho
lu tr... khi trng lng ca sn bng hoc ln hn ti trng tm
thi.
2
Ct ca cc nh cng cng v ca thp nc
3
Cc thanh bong chu nn chnh (tr thanh gi) tit din hnh ch T
ghp t hai thp gc ca dn mi (v ko) v dn khi mnh
60
4
Dm bng c tnh khi tnh ton n nh tng th
5
Cc thanh cng, thanh ko, thanh treo, thanh neo c lm t thp
cn
6
Cc cu kin ca kt cu thanh mi v sn
a- Thanh chu nn (tr thanh tit din ng kn) khi tnh ton n nh
b- Thanh chu ko trong kt cu hn
c- Cc thanh chu ko, nn ko v cc bn ghp trong kt cu bu lng
(tr kt cu dng bu lng cng cao) t thp c gii chy nh hn
440MPa (4500kg/cm2) chu ti trng tnh, khi tnh ton v bn.
7
Cc cu kin tng hp: Dm bng c, ct v cc bn ghp bng
thp c gii hn chy nh hn 440MPa chu ti trng tnh dng lin
kt bulng (tr bulng cng cao) khi tnh ton v bn
8
Tit din ca cc cu kin thp cn hoc t hp hn v cc bn ghp
bng thp c gii hn chy nh hn 440MPa nhng ch ni, dng
lin kt bu lng (tr bulng cng cao) chu ti trng tnh, khi tnh
ton v bn.
a- Dm bng c v ct
b- Kt cu thanh ca mi v sn
9
Cc thanh bng chu nn ca kt cu khng gian rng lm bng mt
thp gc, c lin kt trn mt cnh (thp gc khng u cnh l
cnh ln) trc tip vo thanh cnh.
a- Bng cc ng hn hoc bng hai bu lng tr ln t dc theo thp
gc;
- i vi h khng gian c cc nt hai mt tip gip trng nhau
(tr thanh xin trong h bng dng ch K)
b- Bng mt bulng (tr trng hp h bng dng ch phc tp)
cng nh khi lin kt thanh bng vo thanh cnh qua bn m.
c- Bng mt bulng i h bng dng ch thp phc tp
10

Cc thanh chu nn lm bng mt thp gc c lin kt trn mt

cnh (cnh nh vi thp khng u cnh) tr cc trng hp nn
im 9 ca bng.
Ch thch: cc h s < 1 khi tnh ton khng xt cng mt lc

0,90

0,95
0,80

0,95
0,95
0,95
0,95
0,95
0,95
1,10

1,10
1,05

0,90

0,75
0,70
0,75

Bng : mnh gii hn {}

TT

Cu kin

{ } khi
chu nn

{ } khi chu ko do ti trng

ng,
Tnh
Cu trc
trc tip

1
2
3

5
6
7
8
9

10

Thanh cnh, thanh ng v thanh xin

120
gi truyn lc gi ta (ca dn phng,
kt cu khng gian).
Cc thanh bng dn phng (tr thanh 150
ng v thanh xin truyn phn lc gi
ta)
Cc thanh bng ca kt cu khng gian,
dng lin kt hn (tr thanh ng v
xin truyn phn lc gi ta)khi
150
= N(AngR) = 1
0,5 < 1
210-60
180
< 0,5
Cc thanh bng ca kt cu khng gian,
dng lin kt bu lng (tr thanh ng
v xin truyn phn lc gi ta)
180
= N(AngR) = 1
0,5 < 1
220-40
200
< 0,5
Cnh trn ca dn khi lp rp (khng
220
c gia cng)
Ct chnh
120
Ct ph (ct sn tng, ca mi...) v
150
cc thanh bng ca ct rng
Cc thanh ging ca h ging ng cc
150
ct ( di dm cu trc)
Cc thanh ging (tr nhng thanh
200
nu im 8) cc thanh cu to lm
gim chiu di tnh ton cho thanh khc
v cc thanh khng chu lc khc.
Cnh di ca dm v dn cu trc
Bng : H s
mnh
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190

400

250

250

400

350

300

300

300

200

400

400

300

150

H s i vi cc cu kin bng thp c cng tnh ton R, MPa;

(kg/cm2)
200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640
(2050) (2450) (2850) (3250) (3650) (4100) (4500) (4900) (5300) (5700) (6100) (6550)
988 987 985 984 983 982 981 980 979
97
977 977
967 962 959 955 952 949 946 943 941 938 936 934
906 894 883 873 863 854 846 839 832 825 820 814
869 852 836 822 809 796 785 775 764 746 729 712
827 805 785 766 749 721 696 672 650 628 608 588
782 754 724 687 654 623 595 568 542 518 494 470
734 686 641 602 566 532 501 471 442 414 386 359
665 612 565 522 483 447 413 380 349 326 305 287
599 542 493 448 408 369 335 309 286 267 250 235
537 478 427 381 338 306 280 258 239 223 209 197
479 419 366 321 287 260 237 219 203 190 178 167
425 364 313 276 244 223 204 189 175 163 153 145
376 315 272 240 215 195 178 164 153 143 134 126
328 276 239 211 189 171 157 145 134 126 118 111
290 244 212 187 167 152 139 129 120 112 105 099
259 218 189 167 150 136 125 115 107 100 094 089
233 196 170 150 135 123 112 104 097 091 085 081
210 177 154 136 122 111 102 094 088 082 077 073

200
210
220

191
174
160

161
147
135

140
128
118

124
113
104

111
102
094

101
093
086

093
085
077

086
079
073

080
074
068

075
069
064

071
065
060

067
062
057

Ghi ch: Tr s trong bng c tng ln 1000 ln

Bng : vng tng i ca cu kin thp
Cc cu kin ca ktcu
1

2
3

Dm v dn cu trc
- Ch lm vic nh (bao gm cu trc tay pa - lng in v
pa - lng)
- Ch lm vic trung bnh
- Ch lm vic nng v rt nng
Dm sn cng tc ca nh sn xut vi ng ray
- Kh rng
- Kh hp
Dm sn cng tc ca nh sn xut khi khng c ng ray v
dm sn gia cc tng:
- Dm chnh
- Cc dm khc v dm cu thang
- Sn thp
Dm v dn ca mI v ca sn hm mi:
- C treo thit b nng chuyn hoc thit b cng ngh
- Khng thit b treo
- X g
- Sn nh hnh
Cc cu kin ca sn tng:
- X ngang
- Dm ca knh

vng tng i
(i vi nhp L)
1/400
1/500
1/600
1/600
1/400
1/400
1/250
1/150
1/400
1/250
1/200
1/150
1/300
1/200

Ghi ch:
1- i vi cng xn nhp L ly bng hai ln phn vn ra ca cng xn.
2- Khi c lp va trt, vng ca dm sn ch o ti trng tm thi gy ra khng c
ln hn 1/130 chiu di nhp.
___________________________________________________________________________