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oabmwlncD o hJ nfh aeU&ufjzpfayonf/ (awmifwef;a'o? jynfrqdo k nfh tac:ta0:rsm;udk 1948 ckEpS f
rwdik rf u D tok;H jyKcJo h nf/) þaeUþ&ufukd jrefrmjynfot l m;vk;H u txl; *kPjf yK Bu&rnft h m;avsmfpmG
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f ikd o f nfh trd wdik ;f jynfukd udv k ekd eD ,fcsJUpepfEiS hf
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aemufq;Hk tqifh tjzpf BudK;yrf;tm;xkwcf BhJ uonfh aeUxl;aeUjrwfBuD; jzpfayonf/
xdak eUxl;aeUjrwfBuD;udk trsKd ;om;tmZmenf acgif;aqmifBuD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;
acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;\ tajrmftjrifBuD;rm;rSK? wdkif;jynftay: trSefwu,fcspfcifjrwfEdk;rSK? wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;
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waoG;wpdww f nf; wdUk Arm[k todtrSwjf yKxm;&m? NAdwo d Q"e&Siw f Ukd u vGwv f yfpmG aoG;pkwEf ikd cf iG hf
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1
 pcrf;onf ajrnD&Sd wdkUArmrsm;ESifhomru? awmifukef;a'orsm;&Sd Armtm;vkH;ESihfvnf; oufqdkifay
&m rnfuJhodkUyif taESmifht,Suf tcsKyftcs,frsm;apumrl awmifukef;a'orsm;&Sd csif;? ucsif?
u&if? &Sr;f paom wdUk Armrsm;ESihf ajrnD&dS wdUk Armtrsm; aoG;pnf;rSKudk tywfwukwf BudK;pm;aqmif
&GufrnfjzpfaBumif; - - - }}
(wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ta&;ESifh 1947 tajccHOya'pmtkyf yxrwGJ pm-57rS)
þonfrSm wdkif;jynfudk trSefwu,fcspfjrwfEdk; rdrdwdkif;jynfudk vGwfvyfaomEdkifiHawmftjzpf
wnfaqmuf&ef qE´jyif;jyNyD; rdrdEdkifiHwGif wdkif;&if;om;rsm;tm;vkH; pnf;vkH; nDnGwf ? aoG;pnf;BurSom
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xdUk aemuf zufqpfawmfveS af &;BuD;udk 1945 ckEpS f rwfv (27)&ufaeUwGif wdik ;f &if;om;tm;vk;H \
aoG;pnf;rSK pnf;vk;H nDnw G rf KS tiftm;jzifh qifEJT wdu k cf ukd f atmifjrifrKS udk &,lEikd cf o hJ nf/ þtcsdet f cgwGif
trsdK;om;tmZmenf acgif;aqmifBuD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk jynfoljynfom;wpf&yfvkH;u trsdK;om;
acgif;aqmifBuD;tjzpf todtrSwf jyKxm;BuNy;D jzpfygonf/ wdik ;f jynfwiG v f nf; jynfov l x l k aoG;pnf;nDnw G rf KS
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ta&;BuD;onfukd Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf tjcm;trsdK;om;acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;onf aumif;rGepf mG od&edS m;vnf
oabmaygufBuNy;D jzpfonft h m;avsmpf mG zufqpfqefUusiaf &; jynfoUl vGwaf jrmuf a&;tzGUJ (zqyv)u-
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&ef (udkvdkeDe,fcsJUu) enf;rsdK;pkHokH;pGJaeBuaBumif;}}
(wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ta&;ESifh 1947 tajccHOya' yxrwGJ? pm-127)
[k aqG;aEG;cJBh uonf/ xdUk aemuf 1946ckEpS f 'DZifbmv (31)&ufaeUwGi-f
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tpnf;ta0;yGBJ uD;wpfcjk zpfaom aeol&ed t f pnf;ta0;BuD;u 1946 ckEpS f Bo*kwv f (19)&ufaeUwGi-f
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oabmESihf nDnw G pf mG xlaxmifaomEdik if H wnfaxmif&ef/ þodUk wnfaxmif&mü yg0ifaom
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wpfNydKifeufwnf; vGwfvyfa&; &&Sda&;udp onfvnf; tjcm;aomta&;BuD;onfh tcsufjzpfonf/
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; acgif;aqmifaom jrefrmjynfvGwfvyfa&;&&Sd&efawmif;qdkonfhtzGJUESifh NAdwdoQ0efBuD;csKyf
acgif;aqmifaomtzGUJ wdUk onf Edik if aH &;udk Edik if aH &;enf;jzpfonfh Nird ;f csr;f pGm wpfzufEiS w hf pfzuf tay;t,ljyKvkyf

2
'Drukd a&pDusifph Ofrsm;t& t"dy g,fjynf0h aom awGUqkaH qG;aEG;jcif;tm;jzifh 1947 ckEpS f Zefe0g&Dv (27)&ufaeU
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tqdkygpmcsKyfwGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;ta&;ESifhpyfvsOf; txl;xnfhoGif;az:jyxm;onfudk
awGU&S&d onf/ 4if;rSm-
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f nf;aumif;? odUk r[kwf þudp twGuf (udp qdo k nfrmS
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jzpfonf/)usif;yaom txl;uGefz&ifhwGifvnf;aumif;? e,fjcm;a'o&Sd vlrsm;\acgif;aqmifrsm;?
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk ar;jref;&rnf}}
(]]atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyf}}tcef; (8) ? e,fjcm;a'orsm; tyd'k f -3)
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trSew f u,fcspfjrwfE;kd Buaom Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf trsdK;om;acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;u wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H
nDnw G rf KS &&SNd yD; cdik rf mwnfwahH &;? awmifwef;a'oESihf jrefrmjynfrwdUk wpfcsdew f nf;wGif vGwv f yfa&;&&Sad &;
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Adv
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wlnDcsufrsm;rSm-
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wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;twGi;f rSm &Sio f efaewJt h wGuaf Bumifh 'Dpw d "f gwfukd oifah wmfwEhJ ikd if aH &;pepfeUJ usrwdUk
jynfot l m;vk;H udk tajccHtcGit hf a&;rsm; tmrcHr,fh Edik if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyHk Oya'wdUk eJU jyKpkysKd ;axmif
&ygvdrfhr,f/ }}
3
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om,m0ajym zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufap&ef 'Drdkua&pD EdkifiHawmfudk rvGJraoG wnfaqmufBu&rnf jzpfayonf/
odUk wnfaqmufBu&mwGiv f nf; ppfreS af om jynfaxmifppk epfjzifh wnfaqmufBu&ygrnf/ tESpcf sKyf qd&k ygvQif
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trsdK;om; 'Dru kd a&pD tzGUJ csKyfu tpD&ifcw H ifjyvdo k nfrmS atmufygwdUk jzpfygonf/
(1) wdik ;f &if;om; pnf;vk;H nDnw G Bf uNy;D aoG;pnf;Buojzifh udv k ekd eD ,fcsUJ pepfEiS hf zufqpfpepfrsm;udk
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a&;qGEJ ikd cf NhJ y;D trdjrefrmEdik if aH wmfukd tcsKyftjcmtmPmydik f vGwv f yfaomEdik if t H jzpf jyefvnf
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oifcef;pm,l wpfrsKd ;om;vk;H jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;? tmCmw uif;pifaom taxGaxGo[Zmw
jzpfrSKudk a&S;&SKa&;? yGifhvif; &dk;om;rSKESifh tjyeftvSef av;pm;vdkufema&;? tp&Sdonfh
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awGUqkHaqG;aEG;jcif;udk jyKvkyfBu&ygrnf/
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BudKqdv k suf &Syd gonf/
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rdrw d Ukd xkwjf yefxm;onfh Oya'rsm;udk vdu k ef musifo h ;Hk jcif;rsm; ponfwUkd udk ajyvnfapEdik Nf yD;
wdkif;jynfwGif ukefaps;ESKef; tqrwef jrifhrm;aejcif;? jynfoljynfom;rsm; wpfaeUwpfjcm;
qif;&JwGif;eufaejcif;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrSKa&;? ynma&;? usef;rma&; ponfh tusyftwnf;
rsm;trSefwu,fawGUBuKHaejcif;rsm;rS vGwfajrmufapEdkifygonf/
xdkUaBumifh rdrdwdkif;jynf trSefwu,f Nidrf;csrf;om,mNyD; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufap&ef ysufjym;aeaom
trsdK;om; jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&; odkUr[kwf wdkif;&if;om;rsm; jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;udk tjrefqkH; rjzpfrae

4
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t"duwm0efusaeygonf/ xdUk tjyif Edik if aH &;&moDOwkEiS hf ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm; om,map&efvnf;
wm0ef&SdaeonfaBumifh-
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aqG;aEG;jcif;udk raES;tjrefusi;f y&ef? Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;eSihf zGUH NzKd ;a&;aumifpo D nfvnf;
jynfov l x l x k w
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(2) trsdK;om;jyefvnfoihjf rwfa7;twGuf aqG;aEG;Bu&mwGif trsdK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGUJ csKyf? 'kw, d
Ou X OD;wifO;D ESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a7;rSL; a':atmifqef;pkBunfwUkd yg0if&rnfjzpfygojzifh
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wnfaqmufEikd rf nfr[kwaf omaMumifY rS ;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDtzJUG csKyf Ou X cGex f eG ;f OD;?
twGif;a&;rSL; pdkif;nGefUvGifESifY tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; jypf'PfuscaH e&jcif;
rS >cif;csufr Sd tjrefqHk; jyefvTwfay;&ef?
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rsm;tygt0if EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;tm;vHk;udk >cif;csufr Sd tjrefqHk; jyefvTwfay;&ef?
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t Sifoljrwfrsm;? 88 rsdK;qufausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifY 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;udk
>cif;csufr Sd tjrefqHk; jyefvTwfay;&ef?
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tzJUG csKyf\ tqifq Y ifaY om pnf; ;kH a&;tzJUG ;kH rsm;tm; oufqikd &f mtmPmydik w f u
Ykd acw [kqNkd y;D
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tzJGUcsKyf tzJGU0ifrsm;tm; oufqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;u w&m;rJYpGm taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;jy
twif;tusyf EIwfxGufapjcif;rsm;udk tjrefqHk; &yfqdkif;ay;&ef?
(8) 1990 jynfYESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa G;aumufyJGwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKiftEdkif& SdcJYNyD;rS
zsufodrf;jcif;cHxm;&aom wdkif;&if;om; EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;udk jyefvnf rSwfyHkwifcGifYay;
vGwfvyfpGm pnf; Hk;vIyf Sm;cGifYay;&ef?
wdkYudk EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifY zHGUNzdK;a&;aumifpDu tjrefqHk;aqmif Gufay;&ef þjynfaxmifpkaeY
aeYx;l aeYjrwf tcgor,BuD;wGif awmif;qdv k ukd o
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