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Concrete Technology
Concrete Technology
Utility
Basics
Demolition
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Internal and external vibrators, inverters, trowels, wet screeds, rebar cutters
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
What is concrete?
a man-made (artificial) stone a mixture of cement, aggregates and water and often admixtures (retardants, accelerators, plasticizers, etc.) Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water due to a chemical process known as hydration. The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a stone-like material.
Reinforcement Reinforced concrete is concrete in which steel reinforcement bars (rebars") or fibers have been embedded to strengthen a material that would otherwise not stand the tensile strengths.
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Why does concrete need to be vibrated?
Freshly placed, uncompacted concrete is usually full of entrapped air bubbles. Concrete will only achieve a high compressive strength and density with minimum air content through the use of mechanical means, i. e. the introduction of highfrequency (fast, repetitive) vibrations. Only in this way can concrete meet todays requirements in terms of strength and density.
Reference (apr02)
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Why does concrete need to be vibrated?
Reference (apr02)
10
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
What actually happens during concrete vibration?
The high-frequency vibrations generated by the vibrator are transmitted to the components of the fresh concrete. Frictional forces between individual particles are substantially reduced. A flow process is created. Air bubbles, excess water and paste entrapped through capillary action and surface tensions are released and escape to the surface.
Reference (apr02)
11
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Advantages of concrete vibration
Greater density and homogeneity Greater compressive strength Greater durability (e. g. de-icing salt) Better bond with rebar, particularly in densely reinforced sections Better bond between the individually wet on wet placed layers Improved quality exposed (fair-faced) surfaces Makes possible use of drier mixtures, thus requiring less cement
Reference (apr02)
12
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibration: tips and tricks
10 x
Know your effective compaction diameter: For practical purposes and as rule of thumb consider the operating diameter to be approx. 10 times the vibrator head housing diameter.
Reference (apr02)
13
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Maintain correct spacing when compacting large surfaces
correct
wrong
formwork
Reference (apr02)
14
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Correct spacing when vibrating fresh concrete in walls
Internal vibrators with 30 (1.2), 38 (1 ) and 45 mm (1.8) should not be used due to poor or non-existing overlapping of the effective compaction . This will lead to a faulty or uneconomical vibration process.
30
38
45
40 cm
Reference (apr02)
15
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Correct spacing when vibrating fresh concrete in walls
For greater effective compaction and for more convenient, economical compaction (less insertions, less time) preferably use only vibrators with diameters 57 or 65 mm, provided the rebar allows it. The concrete will be compacted faultlessly thanks to the overlapping
57
65
40 cm
Reference (apr02)
16
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Layer depths when vibrating fresh concrete
Practical experience has shown that evenly and horizontally spread layers of
Reference (apr02)
17
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete Technology
Utility
Internal vibrators
Demolition
Reference (apr02)
18
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators
High frequency
IRFU IREN IRSEN IRSEN-FU
38, 45 + 57 mm
Reference (apr02)
19
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators
High, constant compaction performance Practical handling Long-lasting design Nearly maintenance-free Protective hose with extra lengths Low weight Wide product range
Reference (apr02)
20
WNA/TCE - ws
Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators
Compressed air
PIR For occasional concrete applications Excellent compaction performance Needs a compressor to operate Problematic operation during winter season
Modular system
HMS
35, 55 + 75 mm