Section A. 2. Reflux - continuous evaporation and condensation. 3. Distillation- evaporating, and separating. 4. Diols and 2nd if 2 C attatched.

C2H5Br + NaOH=> C2H4 + NaBr + H2O is elimination. 5. Dipole moment of O2 is aways 0... not greenhouse gas. 6. IR absorption greenhouse gasses.(o-Zone absorbs UV light). 7. Global warming = CO2. Acid rain =SOx, NOx. Ozone depletion = Nox (free radicals) and chlorofluorocarbons CFC (UV light form ation of free radicals). 8. homolytic fission = bond breaking free radicals heterolytic fission = ions 9. HF (Molecular/Small covalent) strongest forces are Hydrogen bonding. (Ionic are the strongest interactions). 10.Bond angles 104.5 for Water. Methane 109o O-H-O 180o always 180o. 11. (Methane => Propane) boiling temp ^ because electrons increase (strength of intermolecular forces). 12. Temperature is the factor of chemical reactions. 13. Green = less poluting waste. Chemical Equilibria = not affected by catalyst. conc, temp, pressure usually do affect equilibria. Temp is not the case ^H=0 temp change no affect. Pressure is not a factor where moles are equal on left and right. 14. 15. 16. Oxidation balance in elemental compounds = 0 non-0 are for ions. 17. Starch for potassium iodate(V) sodium thiosulphate. 18. Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) => 2Fe(l) + Al2O3(s) Iron (III) Oxide is being reduced. 19. Co2 180 degree linear molecule. 20. Chlorine gas through potassium iodide ions, followed by cyclohexane. 2I- + Cl2 => I2 + 2ClHalogens dissolve more easily in non-polar solvent, Iodide oxidises to Iodine, The solutions tur brown. 2 layers are produced. extra SO4-- = Sulphate (VI) (O=8 + -- = 6)