Ushtrime t zgjidhura

Limitet dhe zbatimi i limiteve

Ass.Halil Snope
LIMITT
-T gjinden limitet e mposhtme:
) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
)
) ( )
)
2 2
2 2
2 2
3 3
2 2
5
2 2
5 5
1 lim 3 5 2 lim 3 2 5 2 2 4
2 lim 1 1 lim 3 1 3 1 16
1 2 1 3
3 lim lim
2 2 2 4
3
4 lim 0 0 lim
5
3 10 5 2 10
5 lim lim l
5 5
x x
x x
x x
x
x x
x x
x x
x
x
x
pasi emruesi tenton n dhe numruesi iti nuk ekziston
x
x x x x x
x x

+ +
+ +
+ +

+ +
+

+


( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
)
( ) ( )
( )
5
5 5
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
5 2 5
im
5
2 5
lim lim 2 7
5
2 3 2
6 2 3 6
6 lim lim lim
2 2 2
3 2
lim lim 3 5
2
3 2 3
6 3 2 6
7 lim lim lim
2 3 2 2 2
x
x x
x x x
x x
x x x
x x x
x
x x
x
x
x x x
x x x x x
x x x
x x
x
x
x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x x x

+
+

+
+ +


+
+

+
+

+ + + + + +
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
)
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2
1 1 1
1 1
2
2
4 4 4
( 2)
2 3
3 5
lim lim 5
1 2 1 1
1 5 1
4 5 5 5
8 lim lim lim
1 1 1 1 1
5 1
5 6
lim lim 3
1 1 1 2
2
2 2 2
9 lim lim lim
4 4
2
4 2
x x
x x x
x x
x x x
x
x x
x
x x x
x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x
x
x x x
x
x x x
x x
x
x x

+ +
+


+ + +
+
+ +

+ +
+
+

+ +

+


+
+
( )
( )
)
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 4
2
2
9 9 9
9 9
4 1 1
lim lim
4
2 4 2
3
3 3 3
10 lim lim lim
9 9
3
9 3
9 1 1
lim lim
6
3 9 3
x x
x x x
x x
x
x x x
x
x x x
x x
x
x x
x
x x x

+ +

+


+
+

+ +
)
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
)
( )
( )
( )
2
2
3 3 3
3 3 3
2
2
5 5 5
5
1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
11 lim lim lim
3 3
1 2
3 1 2
1 4 3 1 1
lim lim lim
4
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2
2 1 3
2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3
12 lim lim lim
5 5
2 1 3
5 2 1 3
2
lim
x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x
x x x
x x
x
x x
x x
x x x x x
x
x x x
x x
x
x x
x

+
+ + + +


+ +
+ +
+

+ + + + + +

+


+
+

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
) ( )
5 5
5
0
2 5
1 9 2
lim lim
2 1 3
5 2 1 3 5 2 1 3
2 1
lim
6 3
13 lim 2sin cos 2sin 0 cos 0 2 0 1 1
x x
x
x
x
x
x x x x
x x

+
+ +

+ + +
o o
) 14
T c!tohet limiti i djtht dhe i mjt
3 3
lim ( ) lim ( )
x x
f x dhe f x
+

2
2 " 3
( )
3 " 3
x x pr x
nse f x
x pr x
<

'

2
3
3
lim ( ) 2 3 3 15
lim ( ) 3 3 0
x
x
f x
f x

) 15
T c!tohet limiti i djtht dhe i mjt
1 1
lim ( ) lim ( )
x x
f x dhe f x
+

nse
2
1
" 1
( ) 1
2 " 1
nse x
f x x
x x nse x

<

'

( ) ( )
1
2
1
1 1
lim ( )
1 1 2
lim ( ) 1 2 1 1 2 1
x
x
f x
f x

+
-T c!tohen limitet !#$
x
)
) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
)
)
2 3 4 4 4
2 2
2
2 2 2
2 2
2
2
3
1
1 lim " lim 0
2 lim 1 3 lim 3 3lim
3 lim 1 2 5 lim 5 2 10 lim 2
2 3
1
2 3 1
4 lim lim lim
5 1 2 2 5 1 2
2
1 3
5 lim
n
n
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x
x
x x x x x
x x x x x x
x
x x x x x
x x x
x
x x
x

+
+ +
_
+

+
,

+ + _
+ +

,

)
)
3
3 3
3 3
3
2 3
2 2
2
2
2
2 2
3
3
3 2
1
3
3 3
lim lim
6 2 2 2 6 2 2
2
1
2
2 1 2 2
6 lim lim lim lim 0
2 7 3 3 2 7 3
3
1 5
1
5
7 lim lim
1 2 1 2
1
x x
x x x x
x x
x
x x
x x x
x
x x
x
x x x
x x x x
x
x x
x
x x x x
x x
x
x x



_

,

+ _
+

,
_
+

+
,

+ _
+

,
_
+

+
,

_


,
2
3
1
lim 1lim 0
x x
x
x x

)
)
2
2 2 2
3
3 3 3
2
6 2
3
3 6 2 3 3
8 lim lim lim lim
9 2 9 2 2
2
1
2
1 2 2
9 lim lim lim 2lim
1 1
1
x x x x
x x x x
x
x x x x x
x
x x
x
x
x
x x x
x
x x
x
x


_
+

+
,

_

,
_

,

+ _
+

,
-T c!tohen limitet e mposhtme d#!e sh%$&t'#$ ($'imin:
0
sin
lim 1
x
x
x

)
)
)
)
0 0 0
0 0 0
2 2
0 0 0 0 0
0
sin5 5 sin5 sin5
1 lim lim 5 lim 5 1 5
5 5
sin sin 1 1
2 lim lim lim 1 1
cos cos 1
cos cos sin cos sin
3 lim lim lim lim limcos 1 cos 0 1 1 1
cos
sin
s
4 lim
x x x
x x x
x x x x x
x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x x
x
x
x ctgx x x
x
x

o
0 0 0 0 0
in5 sin5 5 8 sin5 8 5 1 5 5
lim lim lim lim 1 lim 1 1
sin8
sin8 sin8 5 8 5 sin8 8 8 8
8
x x x x x
x x x x x x x
x
x x x x x x x
x

-)n dhn %#n!sionet

2
6* 2 sin5
%(*)+ ( )
8

x x
dhe g x
x x
t c!tohet limiti i %#n!sione,e
%(*)-g(*) dhe %(*)g(*) !#$ * non n 0.
( )
( )
( )
2
0 0 0 0
0 0
0
0
6 2
6 2 6 2 1
lim ( ) lim lim lim
8 8 8 4
sin5
lim ( ) lim 5
1 19
lim ( ) ( ) 5
4 4
1 5
lim ( ) ( ) 5
4 4

+ +

x x x x
x x
x
x
x x
x x x
f x
x x
x
g x
x
f x g x
f x g x
-T c!tohen limitet e mposhtme d#!e sh%$&t'#$ ($'imin:
e
x
x
x

,
_

+

1
1 lim
)
3
3
3
3
1
1 lim
3
1 lim 1 e
x x
x
x
x
x

1
1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
,
_

+

)
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1 lim
2
1 lim 2
e
e
x x
x
x
x
x

1
1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
,
_

)
( )
( )
5
1 5
lim
1
5
5
1
5
1
1 lim
5
1 lim 3 e e
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

1
1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
,
_

+
+
+

+


)
2 1
2
lim
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1 lim
1
2
1 lim
1
2 1
lim
1
1
lim 4 e e
x x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

1
1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
,
_

+
,
_

+

,
_

!azhdueshmria
) 1
/ sht i ,'hd#eshm %#n!sioni n pi!n e dhn:
)
)
)
)
)
)
3
( ) 2 50 1
2
( ) 0 1
1
2 4
( ) 0 2
3 2
2 1
( ) 0 2
3 6
2
( ) 0 4
4
1" 0
( ) " 0
1" 0
+
+

+

+ <

'

a f x x x x
x
b f x x
x
x
c f x x
x
x
d f x x
x
x
e f x x
x
x x
h f x x
x x
1gjidhje:
)
1
lim ( ) 7 (1)

x
a f x f
p$ sht i ,'hd#eshm n pi!n *+1
)
1 1
2 3
lim ( ) lim (1)
1 2

+

+
x x
x
b f x f
x
i ,'hd#eshm n *+1
)
2 2
2 4
lim ( ) lim 0 (2)
3 2

x x
x
c f x f
x
i ,'hd#eshm n *+2
)
2 2 2
2 2
2 1 5
lim ( ) lim lim
3 6 0
2 1 5
lim ( ) lim
3 6 0

+ +

+

+

x x x
x x
x
d f x
x
x
f x
x
2$
2 2
2 1
lim ( ) lim
3 6

+

x x
x
f x
x
n#! e!'iston0 p$ndj %#n!sioni n#! sht i ,'hd#eshm n
*+2
)
( ) ( )
( )
( )
4 4 4
2 2
1 1
lim ( ) lim lim
4
2
4 2

+

+
+
x x x
x x
e f x
x
x x
edhe pse
4
lim ( )
x
f x
eg'iston %#n!sioni ! nd$p$e$je n *+4 p$ sh!! se n#! sht i
de%in#$ n t pi!.3$espe!ti,isht %(4) n#! eg'iston.
) ( )
( )
0 0
0 0
lim ( ) lim 1 1
lim ( ) lim 1 1

+ +


+

x x
x x
h f x x
f x x
p$
0
lim ( )
x
f x
n#! eg'iston sepse
0 0
lim ( ) lim ( )
+


x x
f x f x
p$ndj %#n!sioni n#! ht i ,'hd#eshm n *+0
) 2
4 cilt pi! sht i ,'hd#eshm nd$s n cilt pi! ! n$p$e$je %#n!sioni:
)
( ) ( )
)
)
)
2
3 2
( )
3 6
( )
2 3" 1
( )
6 1" 1
1" 1
( )
2 " 1

'
>

+ <

'

x
a f x
x x
x
b f x
x x
x x
c f x
x x
x x
d f x
x x
1gjidhje:
)
3 6
lim ( ) lim ( )
x x
a f x dhe f x
n#! eg'istojn (%#n!sioni s n#! sht i de%in#$ n to pi!)
p$ndj %(*) sht i ,'hd#eshm n 5do pi! p$,e5 n *+-3 dhe *+6 n t cilt !
nd$p$e$je.
( ) ( )
3 3
11 11
lim ( ) " lim ( )
0 9 0 9
+ +




x x
f x f x
njsoj:
6 6
lim ( ) " lim ( )
+


x x
f x f x
) b
edhe pse
( )
0 0
lim ( ) lim 1
1

x x
x
f x
x x
%#n!sioni p$psep$p ! nd$p$e$je n *+0 p$
sh!! se n#! sht i de%in#$ n t pi!( %(0) n#! eg'iston)
gjithsht# edhe n pi!n *+1 ! nd$p$e$je p$ sh!! se edhe n t pi! do t !emi.
1 1 1
1 1
lim ( ) " lim ( ) lim ( )
0 0
+ +


x x x
f x f x f x n#! eg'iston.
) c
2*-3 dhe 6*-1 jn polinome0p$ndj to jn t ,'hd#eshme p$ 5do * p$,e5
ndosht n *+1.
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
lim ( ) lim 6 1 5" lim ( ) lim 2 3 5
+ +

+
x x x x
f x x f x x
psi 6
1
(1) 5 lim ( ) (1)

x
f f x f
%#n!sioni sht i ,'hd#eshm edhe n
pi!n 1.
) d
4jsoj si n $stin p$p$! dis!#t(ile sht ,etm pi! *+1.
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
lim ( ) lim 1 2" lim ( ) lim 2 1
+ +

+
x x x x
f x x f x x
psi 6 limiti n pi!n *+1 n#! eg'iston0 %#n!sioni n#! sht i ,'hd#eshm
n t pi!.
Asimptotat
-T gjinden simptott e %#n!sione,e t mposhtme:
)
)
)
)
2
2
2
2
2
3 1
( )
2
2
( )
1
2
( )
3 5
( )
5 6
x
a f x
x
x
b f x
x
x
c f x
x
x x
d f x
x x

+
+

+
1gjidhje:
)
2 2
3 1 7
lim ( ) lim
2 0
x x
x
a f x
x
+ + +



+
d$ejt'
2 x
sht simptot ,e$ti!le.
( )
[ ]
2
1
3
( ) 3 1
lim lim lim 0
2 2
1
3 1 3 1
lim ( ) lim 0 lim 3
2 2
x x x
x x x
x
f x x x
a
x x x
x
x
x x
b f x ax x
x x


_

,

+ _
+

,
1

1
+ +
]
0 3 y ax b x + +
$$espe!ti,isht d$ejt' &+3 sht simptot(ho$i'ontle)
)
1 1
lim ( ) lim ( )
x x
b f x f x



d$ejt't *+1 dhe *+ 1 jn simptot ,e$ti!le.
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
( ) 2
lim lim 0
1
2 2
lim 0 lim 1
1 1
x x
x x
f x x
a
x
x x
x x
b x
x x


+

1 + +

1

]

d$ejt' &+1 sht simptot ho$i'ontle.
)
0
lim ( ) 0
x
c f x x

sht simptot ,e$t!le.
3
( ) 2
lim lim 0
x x
f x x
a
x x

+

[ ]
2
2
lim ( ) 0 lim 0
x x
x
b f x x
x

+

p$ d$ejt' &+0 sht simptot ho$i'ontle.
)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2
3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5
( )
2 3 2 2 3 5 6 2 3 6
x x x x x x x x
d f x
x x x x x x x x x x
+ + + +

+ +
psi 6
2 3
lim ( ) lim ( )
x x
f x dhe f x
+


d$ejt't *+2 dhe *+3 jn simptot
,e$ti!le.
[ ]
( )
lim 0" lim ( ) 0 1
x x
f x
a b f x x
x

&+1 sht simptot ho$i'ontle.