Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha

i hc Quc gia TP.HCM

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA
Khoa: Khoa Hc ng Dng
B mn: Ton ng Dng

Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
Chng 4:
n
n
n
x x a ) (
0
1

=
) (
0
x x X =
n
n
n
X a

=1
Bng php bin i
ta a chui trn v dng
.
CHUI LY THA
Do cc kt qu v chui ly tha ch cn xt cho
trng hp chui c dng
n
n
n
x a

=1
hi t ti
R rng chui
n
n
n
x a

=1
0 =
o
x
Chui ly tha l chui c dng
1.nh ngha
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
- Khong (-R, R) c gi l khong hi t ca
chui ly tha
2. nh ngha bn knh hi t ca chui ly tha.
- S R > 0 sao cho chui ly tha
n
n
n
x a

=1
R x x < :
hi t vi mi
v phn k vi mi
R x x > :
c gi l bn knh hi t ca chui.
n
n
n
x a

=1
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
n
n
n
x a

=1
n
n
n
x a

=1
-Nu chui ly tha
-Nu chui ly tha
phn k x = 0 ta cho R = 0.
hi t x e R ta cho R = + .
2. nh ngha bn knh hi t ca chui ly tha (tt).
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
=
+

n
n
n
a
a
1
lim
n
n
n
x a

=1
3. Cch tm bn knh hi t ca chui ly tha.
Khi bn knh hi t ca chui ly tha
l:

= +
+ < <
+ =
=
0 ,
0 ,
1
, 0

R
a) nh l Abel:
Gi s
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
=

n
n
n
a lim
n
n
n
x a

=1
b. nh l Cauchy:
khi bn knh hi t ca chui ly tha
l:

= +
+ < <
+ =
=
0 ,
0 ,
1
, 0

R
3. Cch tm bn knh hi t ca chui ly tha (tt).
Gi s
Ch : tm min hi t ca chui ly tha
n
n
n
x a

=1
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
n
n
n
x a

=1
Ta da vo hai nh l trn tm bn
knh hi t R.
2. Cch tm bn knh hi t ca chui ly tha (tt).
-Bc 1:
Khong hi t ca chui ly tha ny l:
-R < x < R
Xt s hi t ca chui ti cc u mt
ca khong hi t.
T ta s c c min hi t ca chui ly tha
-Bc 2:
-Bc 3:
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha

=1 n
n
n
x
1
1
1
1

+
= =
+
n
n
a
a
n
a
n
n
n
VD1 Tm min hi t ca chui ly tha
Ta c:
Vy R = 1
4. Mt s v d:
- Khong hi t ca chui l -1 <x <1
-Xt s hi t ca chui ti 2 u mt x = 1
Ti x = 1 ta c chui

=1
1
n
n
phn k
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha

=
+
1
3 .
) 2 (
n
n
n
n
x

=1
3 .
n
n
n
n
X
VD2: Tm min hi t ca chui
t X = (x+2) chui ban u tr thnh
4. Mt s v d - VD 1(tt):
tiu chun Leibnitz.
Ti x = -1 ta c chui

=

1
1
) 1 (
n
n
n
hi t theo
Vy min hi t ca chui l -1 x <1
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
4. Mt s v d - VD2(tt):
1 5 - < < x
Vy R = 3
-Khong hi t ca chui l
3 2) ( 3 - 3 3 - < + < < < x X
3
1
3
1
3 .
1
= =
n
n
n
n
n
n
a
n
a
Ta c:
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha

=

1
1
) 1 (
n
n
n

=1
1
n
n
Ti x = 1 ta c chui
Vy min hi t ca chui l: -5 x <1
Ti x = -5 ta c chui
hi t.
phn k.
4. Mt s v d - VD2(tt):
-Xt s hi t ca chui ti 2 u mt x = -5 v
x = 1:
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha

=1
2
9 .
n
n
n
n
x

=1 n
n
n
X a
n
n
n
a
9 .
1
=
9
1
9
1
=
n
n
n
n
a
VD3: Tm min hi t ca chui
t X = x
2
, chui ban u tr thnh
Ta c:
Vy R = 9
4. Mt s v d (tt):
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
3 x 3 - 3
2
< < < x

=1
1
n
n
-Khong hi t ca chui l
-Xt s hi t ca chui ti 2 u mt x = 3:
phn k.
4. Mt s v d - VD3(tt):
Ti x = 3 ta c chui
Vy min hi t ca chui l: -3 < x < 3
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
( )

=
+

1
1
1
1 2
) 1 (
n
n
n
x
x
n
x
x
X
+

=
1
1

=
+

1
1 2
) 1 (
n
n
n
X
n
1 2
) 1 (
+

=
n
a
n
n
1 1
3 2
1 2 1
=
+
+
=
+
R
n
n
a
a
n
n
VD4: Tm min hi t ca chui
t
Chui ban u tr thnh
Ta c:
4. Mt s v d (tt):
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
0 1
1
1
1 - 1 1 - > <
+

< < < x

x
x
X

=
+

1
1 2
) 1 (
n
n
n
-Khong hi t ca chui l
Vy min hi t ca chui l: 0 x < +
4. Mt s v d - VD4 (tt):
-Xt s hi t ca chui ti u mt x = 0:
Ti x = 0 ta c chui
chun Leibnitz.
hi t theo tiu
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha


=

=
=
'
|
.
|

\
|
1
1
1 n
n
n
n
n
n
x na x a

=

1
1
n
n
n
x na
5. Cc tnh cht ca chui ly tha:
khi chui
cng c bn knh hi t l R.
a) Tng ca chui ly tha l mt hm s lin tc trn
min hi t ca n.

b) Trn khong hi t ta c th ly o hm tng s
hng ca tng chui ly tha, ngha l
khi
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha

} }


=
+

=
+
= =
|
.
|

\
|
1
1
1
0 0
1
1
n
n
n
n
x
n
n
x
n
n
n
x
n
a
dt t a dt t a

=
+
+
1
1
1
n
n
n
x
n
a
c) Trn khong hi t ta c th ly tch phn tng s
hng ca chui ly tha, ngha l:

khi chui cng c bn knh hi
5. Cc tnh cht ca chui ly tha (tt):
t l: R
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
...
1 2
) 1 ( ...
5 3
) (
1 2 5 3
+
+
+ + =
+
n
x x x
x x S
n
n
1 2
) 1 ( ) (
1 2
0
+
=
+

n
x
x S
n
n
n
2
1
1
) (
x
x S
+
=
'
VD1: Hy tnh tng ca chui
trong min hi t ca chng.
c bn knh hi t l R=1
Ta c:
. Vy
5. Cc tnh cht ca chui ly tha (tt):


=

=
= =
0
2
0
2
) ( . ) 1 ( ) ( '
n
n
n
n n
x x x S
cng c bn
knh hi t l R=1
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
... ) 1 ( ...
3 2
) (
1
3 2
+ + + =

n
x x x
x x S
n
n
VD2: Hy tnh tng ca chui
trong min hi t ca chng.
} }
+
=
'
=
x x
dt
t
dt t S S x S
0
2
0
1
1
) ( ) 0 ( ) (
M S(0)= 0 nn S(x) = arctgx
0 arctg arctg = x
5. Cc tnh cht ca chui ly tha VD1 (tt):
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha


=

= =
'
0
1
1
1
) ( ) 1 ( ) (
n
n n
n
n
x x x S
x
x S
+
=
'
1
1
) (
bn knh hi t l R = 1.
Vy cng c
Cho nn
n
x
x S
n
n
n

=
1
1
) 1 ( ) ( c bn knh hi t l R=1
Ta c:
5. Cc tnh cht ca chui ly tha VD2 (tt):
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
... ... 3 2 1 ) (
1 2
+ + + + + =
n
nx x x x S
VD3: Hy tnh tng ca chui
trong min hi t ca chng.
5. Cc tnh cht ca chui ly tha VD2 (tt):
M S(0) = 0 nn S(x) = ln(1+x)
) 1 ln(
1
1
) ( ) 0 ( ) (
0 0
x dt
t
dt t S S x S
x x
+ =
+
=
'
=
} }
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha
( )
'

=
'
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
}
1
1
1
) ( ) (
0
x
dt t S x S
x
( )
2
1
1
) (
x
x S

=
1
1
1
) (
0

=
}
x
t S
x
Vy
1
1
) (

=
n
n
x n x S c bn knh hi t l R=1
Ta c:
5. Cc tnh cht ca chui ly tha VD3 (tt):

}

=
=
1
0
) (
n
n
x
x dt t S
cng c bn knh hi t l R=1
Chng 4: Chui Lu Tha