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gr

(, )
.
()
Df

()
f(Df) = { yR/y=f(x) xDf }

x f
f x
y : f(x)

Venn

y = f(x) ( f)
y x

.. s t P K

( !)
, ,
.. ():
: f(x) = 5x2 y = 5x2 h(x) = 5x2 h = 5t2 ..
(. f(f)R) (. fR)
f : f

f(x) x f ( )
f f , f :
R x f(x)
f(x) =

3-x
x x +1

f = (- 1,0) (0,3]

( : 3-x 0 x0 x+1 >0)

( x) 40, :
= xy = x(20 - x)
( 2x+2y=40, y=20-x)
: (x) = x(20 - x) D = (0, 20) ( x >0 y >0 . 20-x >0)

y
x

(cf)
f G = {(x, y)/xf y = f(x)}
(x, f(x))
. ( !) (cf): y = f(x)

f(x) = 2x2 , x[- 3/2, 3/2]

x
Y=f(x)=x2

-3/2
9/2

.
.

-1
2

.
.

-1/2
1/2

.
.

0
0

.
.

1/2
1/2

.
.

1
2

.
.

3/2
9/2

(c): x2 + y2 = 1,
x2 + y2 = 1

y = 1 - x2

c
(. x[-1,1] y)

y = - 1 - x2
c ,
:

y = 1 - x 2 , x[-1, 1]

y = - 1 - x 2 , x[-1, 1]

( ) c

(0,f(0)) (xo,0) xo f(x) = 0

c

(. ) xx
x f(x) > 0 (. f(x) < 0)
f

c ,c
f

f g

y = f(x)
. f(x) = g(x)

y = g(x)

c

(. ) cg
x f(x) > g(x) (. f(x) < g(x))
f

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f(x) = x2- 1 g(x) = x + 1 , xR

y = f(x)
y = f(x)

y = g(x)
y = g(x)

x=0

y=-1

cf yy (0, - 1)

y =0

x2 1 = 0 x = - 1 x = 1

cf xx (- 1, 0) (1, 0)

x=0

y=1

cg yy (0, 1)

y =0

x+1=0 x=-1

y = x2 - 1

Y=x+1

x2 x 2 = 0

y=x+1

cg xx (- 1, 0)

x = -1

x=2

y=0

y=3

cf, cg (- 1, 0) (2, 3)

f(x) > g(x) x2 - 1> x + 1 (x + 1)(x - 2) > 0

x<-1 x>2
cf cg x(-,- 1) (2,+)
cg x(-1,2)

f,g (. f = g) Af = Ag = A xA: f(x) = g(x)
f,g :
f,g : (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x) Af+g = Af Ag

f,g : (f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x) Af-g = Af Ag

f,g : (fg)(x) = f(x)g(x) Afg = Af Ag

f,g : (f/g)(x) =

f(x)
g(x)

Af/g = Af Ag {xAg: g(x) = 0}

f g, ( ) g f (fog)
fog = {xAg : g(x)Af} xAfog : (fog)(x) = f(g(x))

f (. ) Af x1,x2: x1 < x2 f(x1) < f(x2)

.

f (.) Af x1,x2: x1 < x2 f(x1) > f(x2)

f f ,
f Af f Af

f f

, : > f() > f() ,

f f , : > f() < f()

f c

x(Af) xo(Af) : f(x)f(xo) (. f(x) f(xo))

f () xo ( x=xo) (. ) y0 = f(x0),
xAf : f(x) f(xo) (. f(x) f(xo))
f () xo ( x = xo) (. ) y0 = f(x0)

f f ( f)

f(x) = x - 1 , Af = [1,+)

x1,x2[1,+) :
x1 < x2 x1 - 1< x2 - 1
x1 - 1 < x2 - 1
f(x1) < f(x2)
f

x[1,+) : x 1 f(x) f(1) ( f ) f 1 0 (= f(1))

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f(x)=x+
Af = R f(Af) = R ( f )

x1,x2R: x1 < x2

< 0

x1 + > x2 + f(x1) > f(x2) f

= 0

0x1 + = 0x2 + f(x1) = f(x2) f (f(x) = )

> 0

x1 + < x2 + f(x1) < f(x2) f

,0) ( 0) (0,)

x
, xx (: 0 < 180)
= 0 // xx = 0 =
(. )
= 0 . f(x) = x, cf y = x (0,0)
(xo,y)
y
x = xo, (. xx)
x=xo
a ,
yo
y=yo
y = yo ( )
0, xx.

cf (): y = x + ( -

:
Ax + By + = 0 ( 0 0)

1,2 1, 2 :
1 // 2 1= 2

1 2 12 = - 1

x=xo

y=x+

y=x

yo

y=yo

xo

y=0

x=0
y

xo

() f(x)=x2+x+ (0) , x
R

], [, +), x = y = f()=2
2
2
2

< 0: f (-, ], [, +), x = y = f()=2

2
2
2
f : y = x2 + x + :

: x = : (, f())
2
2
2

> 0: f (-, -

=2-4

x2
+
0

+
0

-
+
-

>0

x1,2 =

-
2

=0

=x1=x2=

<0

____

-
2

(x-x1)(x-x2)

(x-)2

x1
0

____

P = x1x2 =

x + y = S xy = P
x,y ( ) : 2 S + P = 0
S = x1 + x2 = -

f(x) = x2 - 6x + 8, = 1 > 0 x

min
f(3)
= -1

y=f(x)
+

-6
==3
2
2.1

x=3

f
: x = 3
(3, - 1)

y=x2

cf

(3, -1)

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y = x

> 0

y =| x |

y = x

y =

> 0

y = x

y = x

> 0

y =

<0

y = -|x|

<0

<0

y=

-x

y =- -x

y=

y = |x|

y=- x

y = - |x|
x =

y = ex

y = x

y = x

y = x
x =-

y = ln x

: f x x l (: lim f(x) = l ) :
x xo

f(x) l ( l) x x ( x)

lim [f(x) + g(x)] = lim f(x) + lim g(x)

lim [f(x)] = lim f(x)

lim [f(x)g(x)] = lim f(x) lim g(x)

lim

x xo

x xo

x xo

x xo

x xo

x xo

x xo

x xo

lim f (x) = [ lim f(x)]

x xo

lim

x xo

x xo

f xo Af lim f(x) = f(xo )

f f xo

x xo

x xo

lim f(x)
f(x) x xo
=
g(x) lim g(x)
x xo

f(x) = lim f(x)

x xo

( cf (xo,f(xo)))

(, , , , )
,
( )

,
(cf) f
. : y = f(x)...

f : Af = [-3/2,+)
(cf) : y=f(x)

f : f(Af) = [-2,+)
cf yy (0,1)

cf xx (-1,0),(1,0)&(5,0)
. f(x)=0 : -1, 1, 5

x1, x2 [- 3/2,0]:
x1, x2 [0,3]:
x1, x2 [3,+ ):

x1 < x2 f(x1) < f(x2) . f ( ) [- 3/2,0]

x1 < x2 f(x1) > f(x2) . f ( ) [0,3]
x1 < x2 f(x1) < f(x2) . f ( ) [3, +)

f(- 3/2) (= - 1) f x - 3/2

. f - 3/2 - 1
f(0)

(= 1) f x 0
. f 0 1

f(3)

(= - 2) f x 3
. f 3 - 2

cf (3, - 2)
. f 3 - 2
x 6, y 3
. lim f( x) = 3
x 6

x y
. lim f(x) = +
x

x
. f Af

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1 lim (2x 2 - 1 + 3 7x + 6 ) = 18 - 1 + 3 27 = 17 + 3 = 20
x 3

3x 4 - 5x 0
=
=0
2
x 0 x - 5
-5

2 lim

7
2(x + 1)(x - )
2x 2 - 5x - 7
2
3 lim
= lim
x -1
x -1 ( x + 1)( x - 1)
x2 - 1
2x - 7 - 2 - 7 9
= lim
=
=
x -1 x - 1
-1 -1 2

x3 - 1
(x - 1)(x 2 + x + 1)
4 lim 3
= lim
2
x 1 x + 5x - 6
x 1 (x - 1)(x + x + 6)

( .)

( Horner .)

x2 + x + 1 3
=
2
1x +x+6
8

= lim
x

5 lim

x 0

6 lim

t 2

x- x
x ( x - 1)
x -1 0 -1
= lim
= lim
=
= -1
x

0
x

0
x+ x
x ( x + 1)
x +1 0 +1

t2 - 4
3t - 2 - 2

= lim

t 2

(t - 2)(t + 2)( 3t - 2 + 2)
( 3t - 2 - 2)( 3t - 2 + 2)

= lim

3x2 1 , x 1

{ : x (-,1] }

,x>1

{ : x (1,+) }

t 2

(t - 2)(t + 2)( 3t - 2 + 2) 4( 4 + 2) 16
=
=
3(t - 2)
3
3

7f(x)=
x+1

x( -,1): lim f(x) = lim(3x 2 - 1) = 2

x 1

x 1

: lim f ( x ) = 2
x 1

x(1,+): lim f(x) = lim(x + 1) = 2

x 1

x 1

f ( -,1)
f (1,+)
lim f(x) = 2 = f(1), f 1
x 1

: f
( )

10
2x 3 , x < 0

8f(x) =
x2 + 1

, x0

x( -,0): lim f(x) = lim (2x - 3) = -3

x 0

x 0

: lim f(x)
x 0

x(0,+): lim f(x) = lim (x + 1) = 1

x 0

x 0

: f 0

f ( -,0) (0,+)
f R / {0}
x2 - 4
, x2
x -2
9f(x)=
5
, x=2
x2 - 4
lim f(x) = lim
= lim (x + 2) = 4 f(2) f 2
x 2
x 2 x - 2
x 2
f R / {2}

f xo Af :
f(xo + h) - f(xo )
lim
h 0
h
f(xo), f xo
f ( f) xo ( x = xo)

f (: f) f ,
f , : f Af ,
f f

f (: f) f
() - f

:
f(xo) cf (xo,f(xo))

:
f(xo) y(= f(x)) x, x = xo
. y x , x = xo

f:

( f ) ()
:

f(x)
c
x
xp

f(x)
0
1
pxp-1
1
2 x
x
-x

x
x
x
x

ex
lnx

1
= 1 + 2 x
2 x
ex
1
x

www.sonom.gr

11

[cf(x)] = cf(x)
[f(x)+g(x)] = f(x)+g(x)
[f(x)g(x)] = f(x)g(x)+f(x)g(x)
[

f(x)g(x) - f(x)g(x)
f(x)
] =
g(x)
g 2 ( x)

1
f(x)
] = - 2
f(x)
f ( x)

[f(g(x))] = f(g(x)) g(x)

10
f(x) = x (,0)

f(x) = x , Af = R
xR: f(x) = x
(): y = x + , = f() = = - 1 (): y = - x +
(,0), : 0 = - + , : =
(): y = - x +

11 .
= 3 cm

E() =

2 3
, >0
4

> 0: () =

3
2

, = 3 cm, : ( 3 ) =

3
cm2/cm
2

:
3 cm, 1cm 1.5 cm2

12 : x(t) = t3 - 12t, x (cm)

t (sec) .
1 sec

x(t) = t3 - 12t , t 0
t 0: x(t) = 3t2 - 12
x(t) = 6t
( ) t = 1
: x(1) = - 9 cm/sec
( ) t = 1
: x(1) = 6 cm/sec/sec

12

13 f(x)=

ln x
x

(ln x)x - lnx (x)

f(x)=
x2
1
x - lnx
=x 2
x
1 - lnx
=
x2
(1 - lnx)n 2 - (1 - lnx)(x 2 )
(x 2 ) 2
1
- x 2 - (1 - lnx)2x
= x
x4
x(2 ln x - 3)
=
x4
2 ln x - 3
=
x3

f(x)=

15 f(x)=x2ex
f(x)=(x2)ex+x2(ex)
=2xex+x2ex
=x(x+2)ex
f(x)=(2xex)+(x2ex)
=(2x)ex+2x(ex)+(x2)ex+x2(ex)
=2ex+2xex+2xex+x2ex
=(x2+4x+2)ex

16 f(x)=(x2-x)3
f(x)=3(x2-x)2(x2-x)
=3(x2-x)2(2x-1)

17 f(x)=35x
14 f(x)=3lnx-x3
f(x)=(3lnx)-(x3)
=3(lnx)-3x2
3
= - 3x 2
x
3 - 3x 3
=
x
3
f(x)= ( ) - (3x 2 )
x
1
= 3( )- 3(x 2 )
x
3
= - 2 - 6x
x
3 + 6x 3
=x2

f(x)=325x(5x)
=325x5x(5x)
=1525x5x

18 f(x)= x 4 - x 2
f(x)= (x) 4 - x 2 + x( 4 - x 2 )
1
= 4 - x2 + x
( 4 - x 2 )
2
2 4-x
2x 2
= 4 - x2 2 4 - x2
4 - 2x 2
=
4 - x2

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13

cf

Ac

yo

cf . yo = f(xo)

cf

A ()

()

f(xo)

19 f xo,
f (xo,yo)

() : y = x +
: y = f(xo)x +
yo = f(xo)xo +
f(xo) = f(xo)xo +
= f(xo) - f(x)xo

(): y = f(xo)x + f(xo) - f(xo)xo (): y - f(xo) = f(xo)(x - xo)

20 R () : y = x + 1
f(x) = x2 + x + 2
f = R
xR: f(x) = 2x + 1
(xo,yo) , () cf (xo,yo) :
yo = xo2 + xo + 2
yo = xo + 1

= 2xo + 1

yo = xo2 + xo + 2
xo2 + xo + 2 = (2xo + 1)xo + 1
= 2xo + 1

yo = xo2 + xo + 2
xo2 = 1
= 2xo + 1
xo = - 1
xo = 1
yo = 2
yo = 4
=-1
=3

() cf = - 1 (- 1,2) = 3 (1,4)

14

f xo, :

f(x) > 0 , f

f(x) < 0 , f
: 1

f x

+ ,
f () xo ( x = xo) ( ) f(xo)
o

f x

+ ,
f () xo ( x = xo) ( ) f(xo)
o

: 2

f(x ) = 0 f(x ) > 0, f

f(x ) = 0 f(x ) < 0, f
o

xo f(xo)

xo f(xo)

21 f(x) = x3 - 12x , xR

f(x) = x3 - 12x ,

f =R

x
f(x)

-2
+

2
-

xR: f(x) = 3x 12 = 3(x - 4)

f(x)

..

16

..

-16

f: (-,- 2] [2,+)
[- 2,2]
x= - 2 f(- 2) = 16
x = 2 f(2) = - 16

:
xR: f(x) = 6x
f(- 2) = 0 f(- 2)= - 12 < 0, f - 2 f(- 2) = 16
f(2) = 0 f(2) = 12 > 0, f 2 f(2)= - 16

+
+

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15

1. 50m .
t sec .
;

2.
: 0.47/lt 1000 lt
0.45/lt 3000 lt
0.42/lt .
x x

3. 2800 lt . 6000 lt,

200 lt/min. :
i.
ii. min

4. 3
.
= 1 + t t ( t 0) sec.
: i.
ii.
iii.
t

5. :
x2 + x + 1

i. f(x) = x

1-x
x - x -2

iv. d(x) =

vii. R(w) =

6. f(x) = x

w 2 - 3w + 2
w +w

ii. y =

1- x

v. g(s) =

viii. s(x) =

1
2- s
1
x- x -6

iii. s(t) =

vi. U =

ix. R =

3t -1
t t +2

3v
v -v
7

2 + 1
2 - 1

+ 1, xR f(x + 1) = f(x) + 1

7. f(x) =

x 2 + 5 + c, cR,
(2, 7)

16

8. f(x) = x

+ x, xR

9. :
f(x) = x - 5 g(x) =2 + 3 - x

10.
:
i. f(x) = 2 -

x -1

ii. s(t) =

| t - 2 | -1
t2 - t

iii. y =

x +8
x +2

iv. s =

x 2 - 2x + 2
x6 + 1

11. x f
xx, :
i. f(x) = x3 x2 + x - 1

ii. f(x) =

(x - 1)(x 2 - 5x + 4)
x 2 - 6x + 8

12. x f
g, :
i. f(x) = x g(x) =

1
x2

ii. f(x) =

x +2
x +1
g(x) =
x
x -2

13. :
i. f(x) = x3 3x + 1 g(x) = x + 1

14. f(x) =

ii. f(x) = |x| + 1 g(x) = 2x2

x + 1 g(x) = x - 1 , fg

f
;
g

15. :
x 4 - 2x 3 + 5x - 10
x2
x 3 - 2x 2

i. lim

iv. lim

x1

3x + 1 - x + 3
3 - x2 - x + 1

x3 + 1
5
x -1 x + 1

iii. lim

x - x2
x + x2

vi. lim

ii. lim

v. lim

x 0

x 3

3(x 2 - 2) - x
x- 3

2x

x x - x
4

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17

16. ( ) :
x2 - 1
, x-1
x +1

3x2 - 1 , x < 1

i. f(x) =

1
5

ii. f(x) =

4
5x

, x=-1

x 2 - 25
, x(-, 5]
x -5
iii. f(x) =

, x=1
, x>1

ex
0

, x0

iv. f(x) =

0
2

3 + x , x(5, +)

x - x , x > 0

17. :
i. f(x) =

x2 - 1 , x < 2
0
, x=2
3
x x, x > 2

2x2 - 1 , x < 0
x+2 , 0 x < 1
2x + 1 , x 1

ii. f(x) =

x2 7 , x < 3
2
, x=3
2x 4 , x > 3

iii. f(x) =

18. , , (R) :
x 2 + 5x + 6
, x-2
x +2
i. f(x) =

2x3 + (2 + 4)x , x < 1

ii. f(x) =

, x =-2

19. f R f(3) =

, x=1
2
4x + 2x - 1 , x > 1

3 , :

(f(x) - 3 ) 3
2
x 3 ( f (x) - 3)
lim

20. :
i. f(x) = lnx

1-x
iv. g(x) = x
e

ii. g(t) = t t 2 - 2

v. h() =

iii. y = e x

2-2
e 2

vi. t(x) =

+1

ex + 1
ex -1

vii. f(x) = [g(x)]h(x), g, h R g(x) > 0, xR

21. A f(x) = (x + ) , : f(x) + f(x) = 0

2

22. f(x) = x , : f(x) + 4f(x) = 2

2

18

23. f

xR: f(x2) = x5 , : f(4) = 20

24. f

x(0, +): f(x2) + f(x3) = 5lnx + 4 ,

f(1)

25. f, g R , f
xR: g(2x - 3) = 6x f(x 2)

i. f
ii. f(0)=0
iii. g(1)

26. , t (sec), 0 t 5

s(t) = t3 (9/2)t2 + 15t + 4 (m). ;

9 m/sec; t=0.5sec;

27. x : (x) = x /3 + 2x + 20
2

: (x) = 52x x2 .
P(x)
i. 18 ii. 30

28. r = 4 t

cm, t sec.
V
( : =4r2 V=4/3r3)

29. 10 cm /sec,
2

r = 85 cm

30. (x,y) y = x

x.
to 6cm 2 cm/s.
to

31.

5 cm2/min.
to
36cm2

32. 2m

1lt/sec.

33. 40cm,
1.5cm/min. ;

34. 20 C V ( ) 1.33gr

www.sonom.gr
O2 : V =

19

1
,
P

( ) 2
i. V ,
2atm 3atm;
ii. V = 2atm;

35. (c

f)

f(x) = x6 5x

xx 45

36. c

f(x) =

ln x

x

37. f(x) = x lnx

2

xx

38. c

f(x) = 20 - x 2

(): 2x y + 3 = 0

39. f(x) = x

g(x) = ln x .
xx cf , cg

40. y= - x

cf f(x) = x3 6x2 + 8x

41.

, y = 3x cf
f(x) = x + x + (1,3)
3

42.

, y = 3x cf
f(x) = x + x + 2 2
2

43. f , g xR: g(x) = f(x

y = 3x + 2 cf 1.
cg (1, g(1))

44.
cf f(x) =

( 0) (xo,
)
xo
x

45. :
i. f(x) = x3 - x, x [-2,5)

ii. f(x) = x 4 - x 2

+ x 1).

20

46. :
i. f(x) = 3x4 - 16x3 + 24x2

ii. f(x) =

x2
x+4

x4
v. f(x) = ln
+ x2
4

iv. f(x) = (x - 2x)e

iii. f(x) =

1 1
+
x x3

x2
vi. f(x) = (x - x)lnx +x
2
2

47. ,
f(x) = 2x3 + x2 + 6x + 5

48. i.
: f(x) = (x - 1)ex + 1
ii. : xex + 1 = ex

49. i. ,

ii. : ex 1 + ln(x + 1) = 0

50.

x (0, ] : 2ln(x) 2x 1
2

51. i.
: f(x) = ex x + 2
ii. cf

52. i.
ln x
x
ii. x(0, +): ex xe
f(x) =

53. f(x) = x

+ x +

54. cm,

55. c

f(x) = x ,

9
, 0) cf
2

56. x + y = 1, x, y
ex + ey ;

www.sonom.gr

21

57. ()
.

58.
cm

.

;

cm

xcm

59. 30cm

30cm

.

,

60.
,
.
A 400m,
(x y)

61. x mgr

xm

ym

(x)=x2 -

x3
, 0 < x < 3.
4

,
x

2

62. : 1000 + 100 /h,
Km/h, .
2000 Km ;

63. 30
400. , :
( 30) ,
5 .
;

22

64. , = 2.5 Km
.

.


Km
1000 Km
1500

3 Km

x Km

10 m

, ,
!

65. , 30Km
15Km/h.
, 20Km
15Km/h.
i. s(t)
t .
ii. ;

Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)

20Km

15 Km/h

N
W

E
S
15 Km/h

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907)

30Km

www.sonom.gr

23

...

1


-


xi

fi%

=i=20

io

2
= 10%
20
4
= 20%
20
7
= 35%
20
3
= 15%
20

2
360o
20
4
360o
20
7
360 o
20
3
360o
20
4
360 o
20

4
= 20%
20

= 36o

= 72o
= 126 o
= 54o
= 72 o
360o

100%

-
f%

()

40
30
20

8
6
4

10

10%

20%

20%

35%
15%

x ()

24
2


-


xi ()

fi%

io

5 x < 10

8%

29o

10 x < 15

10

20%

72o

15 x < 20

24

48%

173o

20 x < 25

16%

58o

25 x < 30

8%

29o

=i=50

100%

360o

-
f%

()
25

40

20

30

15

20

10

10

10

15

20

10 x < 15
5 x < 10

8%

20%

8%
25 x < 30 16%
20 x < 25

48%
15 x < 20

25

30

x ()

3

www.sonom.gr

xi (min)

ii

25

16

10

20

15

30

=i=15

xi=ixi=102

. ( ) x : x =

x x
=

i i

25

102
6.8min
15

. x :

o = 5 min

.
. 8 ( )
. x :
= 5 min

4

x (cm)

xi

ixi

125 x < 135

130

15

1950

135 x < 145

140

20

2800

145 x < 155

150

15

2250

155 x < 165

160

25

4000

165 x < 175

170

15

2550

=i=90

xi=ixi=13550

( )
. x : x =

x x
=

i i

13550
150.5cm
90

26

5


O ( ) 10 54 Kg,
o 12 48 Kg.
.

:

= 54
10

:
= 48
12

(. ) + (. )
10 + 12
10 54 + 12 48 1116
=
=
50.73Kg
22
22

6


5 650 3 750.
, 1000
750;


x , :
5 650 + 3 750 + x 1000
= 750 5500+1000x=6000+750 250x=500 x=2
5+3+x
2 .

7



.
,
.


x=

xi (min)

15

30

45

15

40

20

15

22

ixi

ixi=

8




,

.

.


x =

x (Km/h)

www.sonom.gr

xi

9




6 .

.


x =

50 x < 70

70 x < 90

35

90 x < 110

40

110 x < 130

15

130 x < 150

27

xi

fi%

29

10

ixi

ixi=

ixi

30
31

30

32

20

33

20

ixi=

10


xi, xi+1
50, Fi =30% Fi+1 =42%.

 xi+1 : i+1 =

28

11



.

()

. .

. .

. . .

xi

fi%

Ni

F i%

ixi

(xi- x )2

i(xi- x )2

0x<5

2.5

10000

16.7

10000

16.7

25000

90.25

902500

5 x < 10

7.5

30000

50

40000

66.7

225000

20.25

607500

10 x < 15

12.5

15000

25

55000

91.7

187500

0.25

3750

15 x < 20

17.5

5000

87500

30.25

i
=60000

x=

i xi

725000

60000

8.3

60000

100

ixi
=725000

100
12

i ( xi - x) 2

1665000
60000

151250
i(xi- x )2
=1665000

= 27.75 5.3

f%

()

50

30000
25000
20000

25

15000

16.7

10000

8.3

5000

Mo

10

15

20

x ()

: = 8

F%

()

100
91.7

60000
50000

66.7

40000

50

30000
20000

16,7

10000

: = 8

10

15

20

x ()

12



, :

xi

10
11

3
4

13
14

4
1

15
16
17

2
2
1

18

x =

s=

www.sonom.gr

29

(xi- x )2

ixi

i(xi- x )2

i(xi- x )2 =

ixi =

13



x

xi

5x<7
7x<9

25
8

9 x < 11
11 x < 13

11
4

13 x < 15

x =

fi%

Ni

Fi%

ixi

i(xi- x )2

s=

-f -F :
f%

(xi- x )2

x
F%

30

14


80
.
:

10

1
2

22
23

15

xi

10

22

23

15

=80

F i%

ixi

(xi- x )2

i(xi- x )2

= 12.5%

10

12.5%

40

= 27.5%

32

40%

22

22

= 28.75%

55

68.75%

46

= 18.75%

70

87.5%

45

15

= 7.5%

76

95%

24

24

= 3.75%

79

98.75%

15

27

= 1,25%

80

100%

16

16

fi%

10
80
22
80
23
80
15
80
6
80
3
80
1
80

100%

158

. :
. :
. :

= 2
40 + 41 2 + 2
=
=
=2
2
2
i xi 158
x=
=
2

80

144

www.sonom.gr

31

R = 6-0 = 6

. :

( x - x)
i

s =

. :
. :

144
= 1.8
80

s = 1.8 1.34

s=

f%

25

20

12.5

10

x ( )

f%

25

20

12.5

10

x ( )

32
15



( Km/h)

.

0 x < 10
10 x < 20

3
7

20 x < 30
30 x < 40

30
50

40 x < 50
50 x < 60

20
10

xi

[0, 10)

[10, 20)

15

[20, 30)

25

30

[30, 40)

35

50

[40, 50)

45

20

[50, 60)

55

10

fi%

3
120
7
120
30
120
50
120
20
120
10
120

=120

(xi- x )2

i(xi- x )2

15

841

2523

8.3%

105

361

2527

33.3%

750

81

2430

1750

50

91.7%

900

121

2420

100%

550

441

4410

Ni

Fi%

= 2.5%

2.5%

= 5.8%

10

= 25%

40

= 41.7%

90

= 16.7%

110

= 8.3%

120

75%

100%

ixi

4070

14360

. :

= 34

(. )

. :

= 34

. :

x=

i i

(. )
=

4070
34
120

. :
. :
. :

R = 60-0 = 60
2

s =
s=

( x - x)
i

14360
119.7
120

s = 119.7 11

www.sonom.gr

33

-
f%
(
)
41.7

()
60
50
40

25

30
20
10

10

20

30 Mo 40

50

60

x ()

-
F%
100

N
120
110
100
90
80
70

50

60
50
40
30
20
10

10

20

30

40

50

60

x ()

34
16



(: 22.58 - 20/01/06)
,

, , .

2
90

15%

17




50
,

:
i. ;
ii. 15;
iii. ;
iv. ;

F i%

www.sonom.gr

35

18


1800
150 . .
:
i. 1800 ;
ii. 1950 ;
iii. 1500 1950 ;
iv. 1500 ;

 , :

x -3s

x -2s

x -s

x +s

x + 2s

x + 3s

68
95
100
2.35

13.5

34

34

13.5

2.35

(%) ()

: i. 50%
ii. 13.5+2.5=16%
iii. 13.5+68=81.5%
iv. 2.5%

1800 = x
1950 = x + s
1500 = x - 2s 1950 = x + s
1500 = x - 2s

36

19


,
, 50%
12 , 16% 10 .
.
i. .
ii. .
iii. 4000,
14 16 ;
iv. , ,
5 . (C.V.).
(4 2001)


i. ,
x = 12 ( 50% 12 )
50 - 16 = 34% 10 12 ,
68/2=34% ( x - s, x )
: x - s = 10 s = x - 10 = 12 - 10 = 2

ii. c.v. =

s 2
=
= 0.1666... 0.167 = 16.7% > 10%
x 12

iii. : (14, 16) = ( x + s, x + 2s)

(x + s, x + 2s)
95 - 68
= 13.5%

2
13.5
14 16 :
4000 = 540
100
iv. : x + 5 = 17 ,
( ) : 2 ,
2
11.8%
17
c.v. () 4.9 ()

20


t1, t2, , t 0, : t1 = t2 = = t.


21


: s2 =

(x - x )
i

i=1

fi .

www.sonom.gr

37

22


,
Y = + .
Y =

X-X
;
sX

23


c.v. 30%.
1 c.v. 20%.
;

24


5 , :
32, 35, 51, 38 44%
i. ,
.
ii. 2 ,
.

38

25




10% 500gr
20% B 400gr
30% 300gr
40% 200gr

(. C.V. 10%)

paul gauguin (1848-1903)

the midday nap (1894)

www.sonom.gr

39

, (i)
( ) ()

( ),
i

.
,
( ).
()

,

:
(
)

N(A)
z : P(A) =
=

N()

:
={1, 2, , } ..
{i} (i) ( i), :
0 (i) 1
(1) + (2) + + () = 1
= {1, 2, , } :
() = (1) + (2) + + () : () = 0
( i , )

, ,
: () = lim fA

: f =

40

Venn

() = 1 - ()

( )
( )

() = 1 - ()

( )
( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( ) = () + () - ( )

( )

[( )]=1 - ( ) =(
)

( ) ( =
)
(. de morgan)

[( )]=1 - ( ) =(
)

(
) ( =
)
(. de morgan)

( - ) = () - ( )

- ( = )
( )

( - ) = () - ( )

- ( =
)
( )

( - ) ( - ) ( = ( ) (A B))

[(-)
(-)] = (
)- (
)
= ()+()-2(
)

www.sonom.gr

41

: () ()

()
=

: ( ) = () + ()

: = ( ) ( )

= ( ) ( ) (
)

=
= A

()=

()=

( : = = )

42

1 , :
i. P( ) = P(A) - P(A B)
ii. P( )=P(A) + P(B) - 2P(A B)=P(A B) - P(A B)

i. :
:
= ( ) ( )
: P(A) = P[(A B) (A B)]
= P(A B) + P(A B)
P(A B) = P(A) - P(A B)
ii. : ( ) (A B)
P[(A B) (A B)] = P(A B) + P(A B) A B
= P(A) - P(A B) + P(B) - P(A B)
= P(A) + P(B) - 2P(A B)
= P(A B) - P(A B)
2
4
P(B) = , :
5
5
3
iii.
iv. ( )
5

2 : P(A) =
i. ( )

2
5

ii. ( )

1
5

2
5
1
() + () - ( )
5
( ) (), : ( )
( )

i.

1
5
1
() + () - ( )
5
( ) 1,
( )

ii.

iii. ( )

1
: ( ) 0
5

3
5
3
() - ( )
5
1
( ) ,
5
( )

iv.

www.sonom.gr

43

3 50 5
()
(). 3 , 2 1
. 50 ;

100

: , , ,
3
P( ) = P( 1 ) =
4
1
P( ) = P(2) =
4
3
1
: 100 = 75 : 100 = 25
4
4

4 :
72% ()
12% (1)
8% (2)
15% (1)
2% (2)
:
i. ()
ii.
iii. ()
iv.
v.

i. () = (12)
= P(M1) + P(M2)
: 1 2 =
= 12% + 8% = 20%
ii. P(M) = 1 - P(M) = 20%
iii. P(E) = (1 2)
= P(E1) + P(E2)
= 15% + 2% = 17%

: 1 2 =

iv. : ( ) = ( ) =
: ( )=
: ( ) = 1 - [( )]
= 1 - P(A) = 28%
v. ( ) = () + () - ( ) = 20% + 17% - 28% = 9%

44

5 , 20% , 40%
15% .
.

( ) = 1 - [( )]
= 1 - ( )
= 1 - [P(M) + P() - P(M )]
= 1 - (0.2 + 0.4 - 0.15)
= 0.55 . 55%

6 = { 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }
( 1) = (0) = (1) = (2) = 2(3) = 2(4) = 2(5)
: A = { 1, 3, x2 - x- 3 }, B = { 2, x + 1, 2x2 + x - 2, - 2x + 1 } (xR)
i.
ii. x = { - 1, 3 }
5
7
3
iii. x = 1 : () = , () = , ( ) =
11
11
11
( ) ( )

i. ( 1) + (0) + (1) + (2) + (3) + (4) + (5) = 1 11(5) = 1 (5) =

: ( 1) = (0) = (1) = (2) =

1
11

2
1
(3) = (4) = (5) =
11
11

ii. - 1 x2 x 3 = - 1 . x2 x - 2 = 0 x = -1 x = 2
x = -1: A = { 1, 3, - 1 } B = { 2, 0, - 1, 3 } = { - 1, 3 }
x = 2: A = { 1, 3, - 1 } B= { 2, 3, 8, -3 } = { 3 }
: x = - 1
2 1 2 5
+ + =
11 11 11 11
2 2 2 1 7
P() = (2) + (0) + (- 1) + (3) = + + + =
11 11 11 11 11
2 1 3
( ) = (- 1) + (3) = + =
11 11 11
2
( - ) = () - ( ) =
11
( ) = () + () - ( )
= () + 1 - () - ( - )
5
7 2 7
= +1- - =
11
11 11 11

iii. () = (1) + (3) + (- 1) =

www.sonom.gr

45

1. , :

42() + 92() - 4() - 12() + 5 = 0, ,

2. : () + () = 1,
2

3. , , :
i. ( ) = () - ()

ii. ( ) = 0

4. , : () = ( )
() = ( ) , , () = ()

5. , : ( - ) + ( - ) 1

6. ,

() = ( ) () = ( ) ,

7. , () = 0.15 () = 0.65,
: 0.2 () 0.35

8. 20 50
1 2. 1 1/3,
2 1/4,

9. ,

2 ()
5 ()
. ,
;

10. 960.
1000, 800.
, ;

46

11. 30 , 15 , 10 4
. ,
: i.
ii.

12. 1/3,
1/5,
8/15. 100
;

13. x ,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 x 3

14. 90%
80%. ,
i.
ii.

15. , :

P(A) + P(B) 2 P(A B)

f(x) = [ x - P(A B) ] [ x - P(A B) ]3, xR
i. : P(A B) P(A B).
ii. , , : f(P(A)) = f(P(B)).
3

2005 2006