I

1.

.

.

2.

, , .

( ).
( (), )
.
(
).
( ).

(volt).
=1,5 V 1,5 J Coulomb
.
18
(Volta 1800). 30

.
,


.
,
(
) .

( ) ,
.


(Lithium-ion). ,

/
.

.

.
m

.

2.1
2.1.1 -

, .

.
r. :
) ,
(, , )
) ( , ,
).
,
,
,
, ,
.

( ).
2.1.2
(:1)
.1
V

E
r
1:

.
V
( R)
.
:

V = E I*r1
V

2:
.r r.
:
E - Ir = IR

I=

E
R +r

(2)

( .R=0)

E
I =
r

(3)

!

.

3: =f(V)
2.1.3

.
.
.

E - Ir = IR
=f(V):
r=

E-V
I

V -V
r= 2 1
I -I
2 1

(4)

E - Ir = IR
.
.
,
.
2.1.4
:

P = I2 R

(5)

(2) :
2

E2R

P = R=

(R + r)2

(6)

R = r.

.
,
. V=E/2.
A (2) V=IR, :
V = I.R =

r
1+
R

(7)

R=r V=E/2.
, ( r)
R, ,
R V=E/2.
2.1.5

Ah,
mAh. (h = 3600 Cb)
.

C Rate /
( / ). 1C
.
500 mAh 1C
500 mA , 2C 1000 mA
.
.
,
. 500mAh
30 . 3C


.
2.1.6
, ,
.

.
( )

(
-).

. ,
.
.

(.)
(2 r) :

I2 R = I(E - Ir) = E.I - I2r

(8)

.


(. ).
2.1.6.1
(Ni-Cd, NiMH),
,
. .
1.2 V. 1.10 V
.

1.16 V . 1.0 V
.

"".
2.1.6.2
(, )

.
,

, .
.

4.

,
.

5.
5.1
1. ( 4) (
) 1-2
( )
V

4:
.

2. 6 ~30 mA (
) .
3. ( 1)
20 sec
. =
4.

r
V
(V)

I
(mA)

E V
I

r
()

r
()

r ri
()

(r ri )2
(2)

5. r r.

r =

n
2
(r - ri )
i=1
n(n -1)

r r

6. = f (V).
r,
.
7.
1 .
.
5.2

.

5:
.

,
.
R (
).
Rt =R+r.
:
V = E IRt
1. R=
2.
3. ( )

V<E/2 V>E/2.
4. Rt (
).
5. :
r= Rt - R

6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

.



.

1. YOUNG H. ( . )
2. SERWAY, PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS (
.. )
3.
, ,
, (M ).
4. http://www.batteryzone.com/
5. http://www.batteryuniversity.com/partone-22.htm
6. http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/BatteryIR.pdf (Energizer Technical Bulletin
Battery internal resistance December 2005)
7. http://www.buchmann.ca/Chap9-page2.asp
8. http://www.mpoweruk.com/performance.htm
9. http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm