BuKtTtopuja COKOJIOBCKA

llPHJIOr KOH llPOYlJYBAlLETO IIA .D,YXOBIIA T A KY JITYPA

BO llAJOHJI.JA
D<lJTKClHCKClT<l apXCOJIOmja fO TI03HaBa TCpMHHOT ,M<lKC)J;OHCKH 6pOH3H" ITO)l. KOj ce TIO)l.-
pa36HpaaT npe)l.MCTH MaJIH no gHMCH1HH, 111pa6oTCHH og 6poH1a, co GoraT penepToap Ha
cp opMH, THTIOBH H napHjliHTH. I1MeTO ro go6HJTC cnopeg npOCTOpOT Ha KOj Haj'ICCTO ce HaOfaHH,
MaKap I!ITO, BO npeMCTO KOfa HaCTaHaJTC THe IIpOCTOpH He TIJlCTCTaByBaJTe COCTaRCH )l.CJI Ha
MaKe)l.OHHja . .O:a 611ge HpOHHjaTa noroneMa, Kora onHe perHOHH Ke nne1aT no paMKHTe Ha MaKe-
goHcKaTa gp>Kana, naKBH npegMeTH neKe HCMa ga 6HgaT H1pa6oTynaHH. MaKap IUTO no cnojaTa
cogp>KHHa H CHMoonwrKo 3Harel-be He npcTcTanynaaT cymTeCTBCH eneMCHT no pcnHrHjaTa 11
KYJITOBHTe Kaj MaKegomJ,HTe, cenaK MO:>KC"'fe ga rH cMeTaMe KaKo nojanH Ha gyxonHaTa KYITTypa
no npaHCTOpHjan Ha MaKegoHHja.
1
TIOCJTCP,HHBC geqCHHH Ha IIpOCTOJlOT HaCCJTCH CO najOHCKa nonyJiaiJ,Hja OTKpHeH e
3Ha'IHTCJT CH (ipoj TIJlHMCpOlV1 Og MaKCP,OHCKHTe OJl OH1H, CO UITO ce C01)l.agoa MO>KHOCTH 3a HHBHO
npoyryna!-he Oil. nose!(e acneKTH. Tip11 Toa MO>Keme ga ce ycTaHOBH JJ.CKa 111necHH q1opMH ce ja-
nynaaT HCKJTY'IHBO Ha najOHCKa TepHTOpHja, OC06CHO BO TionapgapjeTo,
2
CO lliTO C HaBCCTCH H
npaseqoT Ha HHBHaTa nojana 11 nmpe!-he. 3apagH nojacHa npeTcTana Ke rH HanegeMe noe-
AHHC'IHO.
- MHHHj <lTypHH GoKail'mlha co Koco 3ace'ICH npaT. BHcomHaTa HM nap11pa og c. 3,5-5,0
CM. <J>opMaTa HM ce janyna KaKO KOTIHja Ha KepaMH' !KHTC 6oKaJIH Og HCTOTO RJlCMC, KBaJIHTCTHH
npmnBO)J,H H1pa6oTynaHI1 Ha KOJTIJ,e. H11nHaTa cpopMa, ncywHocT, ce janyna KaKo peMH-
Ha 6oKaJTHTe og 6poH3CHOTO npeMe, a Koja no)l.H noTeKJTO o.n; Tpoja I.
- TOTI'ICCTH npegMCTI1, egeH BH)l. SBC'IKH, CO Kpy>KHH, Tp11afOJTHI1 11 H1P,OJT>KCHH nep-
cp opaiVIlf, OJ\ 3-4 CM BO liJlC'IHHK.
- TionycRHTKaHI1 KOI1 TJ OTCCTynaaT Ha KpHBH ca6j11 CO pa1JIH'IHH JI,OP,aTHH
eneMCHTH . .O:on>KHHaTa HM 111Hecyna og 12-15 eM. MHCJTCI-hCTO gcKa ce pa6oTI1 3a gcnonH OJ\
KOlhCKH Y11\H He e npucpaTCHO no HayKaTa.
- no opMa Ha cnopeg opMaTa Ha rnanaTa 11 KITYHOT Haj6miCKI1 go
naTKH. 06jaCHCTJ-I ce KaKO CHM60JT Ha KOC OC06CHO fO Il0'B1TYBane.
- Dpe)l.MCTI1 KOH cnopeg opMaTa ce Hapc reHH .,'IaUTH 1a TpenKI1' ' , .. aHnHOBH 'IYliiKH"
HJTH ,aclJI10HORH KYTHjKH" (en. l H 2).
1
J. ll ouzek, Graeco-Maccdonian Bronzes, Praha, 1973; 1sti ot, Macedonian bron:es, Pamatky archeo!ogicke LXV. Praha,
1974; K. Kil ian, Tracht:ubchiir Eiscnzeit ;;1vischen Agiiis und Adria, Prachi sto ri sche Ze itschrift lland 50. Berl in-New York. !975: R.
Vasic, Bmn;e iz Titovog Vclesa 11 nwzcju Benaki, ZA 24. Skopje, 1974.
2
n. M11TpeRCKI1. KapaKiliepuciUU'i/111 cj>O{Uolll 11<1 ,MIIK'00//CKIIITie 6p011Jll 00 11/IOlllfl/1111/lia no OOfl//Harlia 1111
Bapoap, MACED. ACTA ARCHAEOL. 9, C;;onjc, 1988.8311 11 .
114 BI1KTOPH.IA COKOJTOBCKA
Ci1Te 6poH3H ce H3pa60TCHH BO TCXHHKa Ha mynnHBO TIHClhC CO H3BOHpCgHa TCXHH'JKa
YMClllHOCT H H3BC}J,6a. roneMaTa KOHqCHTpaqHja 0]1, HaogH no ]J,OJTHHOT TCK Ha Bapgap
]J,OBege ]1,0 ITOMHCTia 3a ITOCTOClhe Ha TIOKaJTHH Mefy HaBC]J,CHHTC npC]J,MCTH
aqmOHOBHTe 3a HaC CC 0]1, noce6cH HHTCpec, Ha KOH Ke ce 3agp)I(HMe BO HaTaMOlllHOTO
H3naralhe.
Cn. 1 - BonmHo cawre no cj)OpMa CJI . 2 - BOTHBHO cag<Ie BO cjJOpMa
Ha acjmoHosa 'IYWKa, MHJIU:H, resrennja Ha acjmoHosa ' IYWKa. Cyna PeKa. renrennja
He HanJTerynajKH no ITO]J,CTanHaTa TwnoJTorHja J(c cnoMeHeMe geKa acpHoHOBHTe KYTHjKH
ce janynaaT BO ]J,BC OCHOBHH BapHjaHTH. DpBaTa, noynpocTeHa napHjaHTa ja 'II1HaT TOfi'I CCTU
cag'IMlha Ha e]J,Ha HOrapKa co 3apaMHCT pa6 11 gna HacrropegHH H3paCTOI\H ncpntKaJTHO rrpo-
gyrr<JeHH npeKy KOH Ce Kana'ICTO, '!HH paJKH Ce IIpHKa)l(aHH BO BH]J, Ha IITH'Ijl1
rrpoToMn. Onaa napHjaHTa ce cMeTa 3a noCTapa 11 cc }J,aTHpa npn6nn)I(HO OJ\ KpajoT Ha VIII go
oKony cpegUHaTa Ha VII neK rrpcg H.e.
KyTHjKnTe lllTO npHrrafaaT Ha nTopaTa napHjaHTa no }J,HMCH3nn cc Heuno no1oneMH, co
113pa3CHH Ha pafioT, KOH ja CJTC]J,aT c!J o pMaTa Ha KJTYHOBHTC 0]1, ITTH'Iji1Te IIpOTOMI1 Ha
KaiTa'!CTO. 0]1, HaJJ;BOpCUIHaTa CTpaHa yKp aCCHH ce CO CHOfi'II1lha O)l; Bpe)l(aHM JTHHHH 11
co IJ,CHTpaJTHa TO'!Ka. Kaj HCKOH HaMCCTO nepTnKaJTHa HOiapKa anmiqHpaHH ce p;o-
p;aTHH f\CJTOBI1: llpOWHpCHH Kpaql1 11JTH a:IKypHpaHH T0!1'111lha ITp11Ka'ICHH Ha ['JTanHaTa 'laWKa
KaKO 3a OBaa nap11jaHTa e ycTaHOBCHO JJ;CKa e HCllJTO ITOf(OqHC)I(Ha, OJJ;H. JJ;CKa HHBHaTa
H3pa6oTKa 10 HcnoJTHYBa VII neK. BcymHOCT, p;neTe napHjaHTH eni1CTHpaaT egHonpeMeHo 11
KaKO TaKBH CC HaOfaHH Ha IIOBeKe JTOKaJTHTCTI1. Mefy HajcTapHTe, BpC]J,HO e ga CC CITOMHaT
HaO]J,I-ITC 0]1, "t.faynmqa (KHJTKHC), Ka]J,e ce Haj]J,CHH ]J,BCTC napHjaHTH, H TOa H3pa3HTH
npwMepoqH_3 Bo ['CB['CJTHCKO-BanaHf(OBCKHTe HCKpononH (MHJTIJ,H, Cyna PcKa, rJToc, .IJ:egenH)
Hajgemt ce fipojHH np11Mep011,11.
4
JloKaJTHTCTHTC Ha CpC]J,HOTO H 10pHO Donapgapje 10 IT03HanaaT
OBOj IIpC]J,MCT, HO BO HCillTO IlOOrpaHWICH 6poj. ActJHOHOBH <JYlllKH CC Haj}J,CHH BO ,0:0JTHO
3 !3SA 2G (1923- 25) ntv. V.
4
JJ; . Mr!TpeAcKH, op. cit.. 84.
HCTOPHJA HA KYJTTYPATA HA MAKE.UOHHJA
TIPHJIOfKOH TIPOY'IYBA!hETO HA .[(YXOBHATA KYJITYPA BO ITAJOHHJA 115
OpinapH Kaj Bence, f'pagHWTe-KHe)l(je HeganeKy og CseTH HHKone, KpnmeHCKH f'yMelba Kaj
BHHHU,a, Kaj CorroT H OpcmaHH Kaj CKonje.
5
Mcfy HajcrapHTe OTKpHTHja so HamaTa
3CMja Tpe6a ga ce .HcTaKHaT HaogHTe og KyMaHOBcKa Balba 11 KpHBH .O:on, PagaH>a, Kaj lliTHn.
6
rienaroHHCKHTe HeKporronH ro rro3HasaaT osoj Haog, HO KaKo mTo 3accra H3rnega, HCIITTO
rrocrropagwmo.
7
JllgHHTe HCTpa)l(ysalba 11 OTKpHTHja cHrypHo K:e rH HagorronHaT HanmTc 3Haelba
3a pacnpocTpaHCTOCTa Ha aqmoHOBHTC KynljKH H BOOrilliTO Ha MaKCfl:OHCKHTC 6pOH3H Kaj Hac.
\
Cn. 3 - Cpc6peHii qJiiOYJIH (.;() arjli1 <>H<>HH yKpacM, neTMJien, EcpaHf.\11
5
P. TiauJHK. EpoH.JeHu iipeo.we!Tiu oo oKo/luHafiia fla CKoiijP. MACED. ACTA ARCHAEOL. 4, Tip11nen, 1978. T. I.
13; 11CTO. /f.)(leli/!Tiaj .)(1 ap.rt!O/lOli/KlllUe uciiipaJ!fyBafbll 00 Mo1ll011fiCKlllTie 11C1UpaJI(_VI3ll'iK11 llKl{llll ,.lvfllaoocfii 80/81" -
Bttf/1/l{ll. AKTHByc. op. 3. 4, 1986. 12.
6
H. BynHh. Gio.'.teHuK CAI-1, 98, Eeorpan. 1949,271, en. 1: H. 13ellei\HKOB. 5aphtlla, PacKoiiKu 11 iipoy'iWHUR,
Co<jJHll.l948. 91, oop. 60.
7
11. MHKynmh. Tfella1oHuja y caefii11octiiu apxeo110ll1KUX 1/ll/la.Ja, Eeorpal\, 1966, T. V.
PEJIHfl1!1TE !1 PEJIHfi1CKYITE ACTIEKTH HA MATEPHJAJIHATA !1 L(YXOBHATA KYJITYPA
116 BHKTOPI1JA COKOJlOBCKA
Co noqeTOU,HTe Ha VI BeK, og HCAOBOJIHO o6jacHe-
npWIHHH, IlOA BJIHjaHHC Ha H3MCHCTHTC OniliTCCTBCHH
ycJIOBH H HMnyJICH KOH npOH3JIC1yBaaT OA HOBHTC HP,CH,
MaKegoHCKHTe 6poH3H K:e wcqe3HaT og KYIITYPHHOT HH-
BCHTap Ha pa3BHCHOTO )I(CJIC3HO BpCMC BO fiajOHHja.
ITegeceTHHa 10AHHH nogou,Ha acj:>HoHoBaTa KYTHjKa K:e
Hajge CBOC MCCTO KaKO yKpaceH P,OP,aTOK Ha HaKHTOT.
3apagH nogo6ap yswg K:e HasegeMe HCKOIIKY no3HaqajHH
cj:>opMH H THllOBH.
- Acj:>woHoBaTa HajIecTo e npwcyTHa Ha
Manoa3MCKHTe cj:>H6ynH, quj naK e yKpaceH co TPH HJIH neT
gogaTOli,H so BI1)J; Ha CTHJIH3HpaHa acpuoHoBa KYTHjKa.
ITpHMepoli,HTC lliTO noTeKHYBaaT og Mana A311ja, og
ropP,HOH H Ecpec, 11 KOI1 CC CMCTaaT 3a npOTOTHn, HMaaT
caMo PYAHMCHTHpaH npHKa3 Ha a<j1HOHOBa KYTHjKa.
8
TaKBa KaKBa UJTO j a no'3HaBaMe, K:e ce nojaRH H pa3BHC Ha
6aJIKaHCKOTO TJIO, Bp3yBajKH ce, KaKO UJTO MO)I(C ga CC
3aKJIY'II1, 3a cyUJTCCTBCHHOT CJICMCHT Ha najOHCKHOT
npOCTOp - a<j1HOHOT. <l>H6yJIH OP, OBOj BHP, CC HaofaHH 130
gonHo ITosapgapje H Ha XanKHP,HK, so ITenaroHHja,
OxpHACKHOT pe1HOH, oco6eHo Ha Tpe6eHHlliKaTa HeKpo-
noJia.9 I1cKIIY'IHTCJIHO y6as11 npHMepou,H noTeKeysaaT og
CP,HO ll01pe6yBai-bC Ha, KaKO lliTO C peqeHO, ,,JJ,eypHOilCKa
npHHU,e3a", OTKpHeHo Ha JIOKaJTHTCTOT ITeniiien - Ee-
paHU,H HegaJICKY OP, ni1TOJia 10 ( CJI. 3). Osoj THil <j1116y1111
KC P,0)1(11BCC 6apOKHa <j1a3a BO CBOjOT CTHJICKI1 pa3BOj -
a11oHOBI1TC yKpacl1 Ke ce npeTBopaT no SBC3P,CCTH goga-
TOU,H H KaKO TaKBH KC HajgaT ll111pOKa npHMCHa BO
BHaTpelliHOCTa Ha EanKaHoT.
EgHa ynpocTeHa sapHjaHTa Ha Manoa311CKHTC
qm6y1111, HCP,OBOJIHO XpOHOJIOlliKH P,CTepMHHHpaHa, Ha
naKoT cogp)I(H npcTeHeCTH 3age6enysalha KaKo yKpac, co
lliTO CC j aByBa KaKO Haj611HCKa P,O MaJTOa311CKHOT npOTO-
THil. KaKo 3agOJI)I(HTC11CH gogaTOK CT11III1311paHH
a11oHOBH qylliKI1 ce cpeKasaaT Ha H1JIHTe. Haj Map-
KaHTHH 6H 6H11C THC OA T.H. llCJIOllOHCCKH THn, KOI1 HMaaT
TpKaJIC3Ha xopH30HTaJIHa 111asa yKpaceHa co po3eTa, go-
geKa nog Hea, Bp3 H!JiaTa e ann Hu,HpaHa HH3a CTHJII1311-
paHH a<j1HOHOBI1 <JYlliKH. Ha HCT HamH ce yKpaceHI1 1111111-
Cn. 4- Cpe6peHH HrnM 11r1111Te KOI1 11MaaT TonqecTa 11JIH KynacTa r11asa. Monme
CO acpHOHOBH yKpacH, y6aBI1 I1p11MCpOU,11 Ha 1111111 OA I1C110I10HCCKI1 THil CC Hajge-
f1eTHJierr, EepaHL\If Hl1 Ha cnoMHaTI10T JIOKaJII1TCT ITcT1111en- EepaHu,11
11
(en.
4), noToa so 1po6os11Te Ha apxajcKHTe HeKponoJII1 so Tpe6eHI1lliTa, CI1Hgoc Kaj Co11yH 11 MHory
APY1H JIOKaJTI1TCTH Ha XaJIKHP,I1K 11 P,OJIHO Ilosapgapj e.
12
I1cK11Y'II1TCJIHO y6as11 np11Mcpou,11, mja
8
Chr. Blinkemberg. LINDOS,jouilles er recherches 1902-1914, l, Les petits objets, Pl. 8, II I. 116.
9
P. Amandry, Collection Helene Statharos, Strasbourg, 1953, 56, 148/151, Pl. XXV; H. BynHii. Jloau 1po6onu KOO
Tpe6emauma, CnoMeHHh: 76, EeorpaA, 1933, CJJ. 18.
10 11. MHh:Yil'IHn, op. cit., T. XII, 21.
1l Ibid., T. XII , 21.
12
B. Filow, Die Archaische Nekropole von Trebenischte am Ochrida-See. Berlin-Leipzig, 1927, Abb. 29: H.
JeoaH Non ?po6 Koo Tpe6emuuma, fCH.ll, KJ.b. XI, CKonJbe, 1931, CJJ. 20: rpyna a sTapH, SINDOS. Karhalogos tes ekrhesis,
Athena, 1985, 113. 284 H AP
11CTOP11JA HA KYJlTYPATA HA MAKE,[(OHI1JA
fl PI1JIOf KOH nPOY'-IYRAfbETO HA ,[\YXOBHATA KYJTTYPA 80 flAJOHHJA 117
rnana e H3pa6oTeHa 80 BHA Ha KynacTa po3eTa 80 wnwrpaHcKa TCXHHKa, noTCKHYBaaT og
CHHJ\OC H TpeocHHJJITa. u no cc H3rnc)\a lJ.CKa onoj THIT HrnH HeMan )\OJTr BCK Ha TPaCJ-hC, OHn
H1pa6nTynaH CC1MO HCKOflKY OJ], KpajoT Ha VJ Jl,O ITO'ICTOKOT Ha V RCK 11pc)J, H.C.
YwTe THrr HrnH noTCKHY8a og Tpe6eHHIUTa. YKpaceHH cc co KpynHH TOIFICCTH
80 8HJ\ Ha aHoH08H 'IYiliKH. MomHe ce Oll!TCTCHI1, TaKa lliTO cgnaM ce 3a6enc)l(ysa 3a
KaKOB BHJl, Ha )'KpacH CC paOOTI1.l4
,IJ;a ce spaTHMC Ha 6poH3em!Te np11Rp30QH so opMa Ha aHoHosa tymKa. KonKy UITO
HH C HaM ll03HaTO, HHBHaTa BHCTHHCKa HaMCHa, KaKO BOpO'lCM H Ha ):\jl)'fHTC 6pOH3H, HC e CO
CHr)'pHOCT )'CTaHOBCHa. Bo OTC)'CTBO Ha agCKBaTHa HHTepnpeTaqHja CC HapCK)'BaHH BHC)'nQH,
11n11 aM)'JTCTH. MefyToa, rropall,H aKTOT geKa TOa CC BOTHBHH npe):IMCTI1, ITO npa8HnO
HaofaHH KaKO rpOOHH rrpHJT03H, MOpa JW ce CMCTa Ha HH8HaTa C)'ITTHnHa npHpO):Ia H HI1BHOTO
3Ha'!Cfhe ce 6apa 80 norpe6HHOT pHTyan.
AHoHOT, KaKo cpegcT80 3a ycmmafhe, Haofa onpa8AY8afhe KaKo rpo6eH np11nor co
orne):\ Ha Bcpyna l-hCTO lJ. CKa yMpCHHOT C CaMO np118pCMCHO ycnHCH, lJ.O HCr080TO npCMHHYBafbe
so npymoT cneT. na, ynoran Ha herb cups s e pojaTHO Tpe6a ce o6jacHH KaKo cag so Koj np11
ITOrpe6ynal-hCTO C CTaRaHO aHOHOBO CCMC, ITOKpHCHO CO COOJl,RCTHO Kana'IC.
Vl)lCHTHHKynal-hcTo Ha saKBHTe 11 cnwiHH npc):IMCTH co a110HOT noTeKHYBa Char!
Pi c ard, Koj rrpoyIynajK:H ja AHjagcMaTa og Vix, Koja HMa cpogHH eneMCHTH co MaKegoHCKHOT
HaKHT, )'CTaHOBHJT lJ.CKa TOO'IHJ-haTa Ha CKCTpCMHTCTHTC rrpcTCTanysaaT CTHJTH3HpaHa aHOH08a
rnana.
15
KaKo aHanorHja Toj ja noco'Iyna 60)I(HqaTa og ra111 Kaj KHococ Ha ocTpos Kp11T, Koja
Ha rna8aTa HOCI1 ):IHjaJICMa opMHpaHa og TPH aHoHORH 'IYUJKI1 80 peaJJHCTH'ICH np11Ka3. ,IJ;aTI1-
paHa e 80 XIII ncK npeg H.e. BpcKHTC Ha HCTO'IHOMCJ:\HTepaHCKHOT pcmoH, oco6eHo Ha KpHT co
TiajOHI1ja, CC OOBCKCKpaTHO I10T8pll,CHH.
opOH3CHHTC IljlClJ.MCTH 3a KOI1 CTaHYBa 360p 11M a aT )'IUTC ClJ.Ha 3Ha '-Iaj Ha OC06CHOCT.
TIOKpaj KYJJTHOTO 3Ha'ICfhC Ha aqmoHOT, Ha MOUIHC jaCCH HC1'1HH e HCTaKHaT H KyJJTOT KOH COH-
BO JIHKOT Ha OlJ. Kana'-JCTO 11 8pC)I(aHOTO KpyrIC CO f\CHTpaJJHa TO'!Ka, XHCpOfJJ11Cp-
CKHOT 3HaK 1a erHITCTCKHOT Gor Pa, JecTo npHcyTcH Ha najoHCKHTe MOHCTI1 KaKo CH:M6on Ha
COH[\CTO. Co 11CTO 3Ha'JCI-hC CC TOJJKy8a 11 npHCYCTBOTO Ha TaKa, Ha ClJ.HO MCCTO, BO
Cll,Ha H1ROHpC):IHa KOMIT0311f\11ja CC COClJ.HHCTH TpH KYJJTHH CHM60JJI1, KOI1 BCYiliHOCT ro OTCJJHKy-
naaT ITOJ\HCOjCTO 11 HCfORI1TC KapaKTCpHCTHKH.
TipcgMCTI1TC 3a KOI1 CTaHyBa 360p CKOpO OC3 HCKJJY'IOK CC OTKp11CHH KaKO rpOUHH
npHJJ0111. HcMa COMHCHI1C ll,CKa CITCQHjaJJHO ce H1pa6oTynaHI1 3a ITOrpCOHH BaK8aTa KOH-
HC 611 MO)I(CJJa Jla fiH)J,C OCITOpynaHa. McKOil)'BafbaTa Ha HaCCJJOHHCKHTC OCTaTOQH OlJ.
)I(CJJC1HO npeMe ganaaT cn11Ka Ha MOillHC cKpoMHO )I(HBCCfhe. Bo KYJJTYPH11TC cnoc8H: MCTaJJHI1Te
HaOlJ.I1 Ce 11CKJJY'II1TCJJHO pcTKH, a KepaMHKaTa e OJl, MOillHC CKpOMCH KBaJJI1TCT. 3aToa
COJl,p)I(HHaTa Ha rpo60BI1TC 3a'IYlJ.YBa CO CBOCTO 6oraTCTBO 11 6pojHOCT Ha npCJIMCTI1, ll!TO
llOKa)l(yBa lJ.CKa RHHMaHI1C Ha )I(HBI1TC C HaCO'lCHO KOH norpe6HI10T pHTyaJI H K)'JITOT Ha
YMPCHHTC.
On ona, cc ymTc pogoncKo orrmTeCTBO, :lHa'IHTCJJHO ce pa3JJI1KynaaT rrorpeGynafhaTa so
apxajcKMOT rrcpHO)l,, KOI1 ganaaT CJIHKa Ha jacHo gHcpcHqHp aHO onmTeCTBO co H1JIBOCHa Goran
ap11CTOKpaTCKa KJJaca. Co)J,p)I(11HaTa Ha HI1BHI1TC rpo60BI1 llpCTCTanyna BHCTI1HCKO 6oraTCTBO:
UIJJCMORI1, opy)l(je, GpowlCHH 11 cpe6peHI1 3JJaTeH 11 cpc6peH HaKI1T 11 AP 0MCJIHI1 npeg-
MCTH CC KOpHCTCHI1 11 BO TCKOT Ha )l(l1BOTOT, HO 1a TTOrOJICM ll,CJI MO)I(C ga ce Ka)I(C lJ.CKa CC
H3pa60TCHI1 3a )l,a 6HJiaT np11JIO)I(CHH rrp11 norpc6ynal-hCTO. Mefy HI1B BI1)1,HO MCCTO 3a1CMaaT
ITjlC):\MCTHTC CO lljlCTCTana Ha a110HOT. ,IJ;yp11 11 BO T.H. CHpOMaUIHI1 rpofiOflH, Ka)l,e lllTO Op11JIO-
l3 SIN DOS. No. 129: IT. nymtK. 1933, c11. 7.
14
Lj. Popovic. Katalog nala:a i: nckropole kod Trcbeni.r ra. Reograd. 1956. t. VIII, 15. 16.
15
Ch. Picard. Revue archcologiquc, Jan.-Jui n 1955. 49 H 11.
PEJI J1fHI-ITE 11 PEJII1fi1CKHTE ACITEKTH HA MATEP11J AJIHATA H ,1:\YXOIJHATA KYJITYPA
118 ll11KTOPJ1JA COKOflOBCKA
3HTC Ce MOUIHC CKpOMHH, npHCYTHa e no HCKOja qm6yna CO acfJHOHOBH yKpaCH, MaKap 6Hna
H3pa6oTeHa H 6pOH3a.l6
KynToT Ha aqmoHoT noBp3aH co KYJJTOT Ha yMpcmiTc BO ITajoHHja Tpae BO TCKOT Ha
TIOCTapOTO )!(CJIC3HO BpCMC H apxajCKHOT DCpHOA. Kora H TIOA KOH OKOJIHOCTH HerOBOTO 3Ha<JCJhC
3aTIO<JHYBa Aa cna6ee e TCMa 3a HaTaMOIIJHO HCTpa)!(yBaJhe.
Viktorija SOKOLOVSKA
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDIES OF THE SPIRITUAL CULTURE OF PAIONIA
(S umm ary)
Among what are known as the "Macedonian bronzes", discovered in the last few decades in considerable
number, there can be distinguished certain forms which arc found most frequently along the River Vardar and are
therefore called "Paioni an". The most interes ting artifacts have the form of small vessels with lids on which there
are birds' figures standing opposite to each other. They are known as "herb cups" and " poppy cups'' or "poppy
boxes" because of their shape. Regardless of the types and variants according to which they are systemized, they
belong to the period from the end of the 8th to the beginning of the 7th cent11ry B.C.
The poppy cups were made of bronze, using the technique of hollow-casting with amazing teclmical skill.
The large concentrati on of finds along the lower part of the Vardar river suggest the possibility of the existence of
local workshops. l11cy have been found in Causica (Kilkis); in the vicinities of Gevgclija and Valandovo, near
Ve!es, Knczjc (St.Nikole), Vinica, Radanja ncar Stip, in the vicinity of Skopje and ncar Katlanovo Spa. (Pictures
1&2).
At the beginning of the 6th century, under the intluence of new social conditions, the Macedonian bronzes
disappeared from the cultural inventory of the Iron Age in Paionia. Shortly afterwards, the poppy cup was used as
an additional ornament in jewellery. In this form it is found frequently on fibulas from Asi a Minor and on needles
of the Peloponnesian type (Pictures 3&4). Nwnerous finds stemmed from the Necropolis of Trebeniste, from
Pelagonia, the lower part of the Vardar river and Chalcidice.
The mentioned artifacts were found, almost without exception, in graves. The bronze artefacts in the fonn
of a poppy cup were connected with the funeral rituals relating to the belief that deceased persons were only
temporarily asleep, so that the presence of herb cups should probably be explained as vessel in which poppy seed
was placed and covered by a lid during the burial ceremony.
The identification of these and other similar artifacts with the poppy is linked with Ch. Picard, who
studied the diadem of Vix and stated that the balls on the extremities were stylized poppy cups. The presence of the
stylized poppy in the fonn of herb cups in graves from the Iron Age, and as an ornament on the jewellery from the
archaic period indicate their use as cult objects coimected wit h the funeral ritual. The poppy cult in Paionia lasted
throughout the Late Iron Age and the archaic period. When and under what conditions it began to loose its
importance will be the obj ective of further investigation.
16
B. JlaxTos,J. KacTeJIHII, Honu uciiipaJirynmba ua ueKpoiioAawa ,. Tpe6emawlie'" 1953-1954, JlHXHHA I,
OxpHJJ,. 1957, T. II, V: n. Ky1MaH, Tpu 'it'Jbyciiiuu BpiiiyJbKa, Tpe6eHHWTa 1972, OxpHA, 1985. T. XI, v.
HCTOPMJA HA KYJITYPATA HA