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Exercices Dosageacido Basique
Exercices Dosageacido Basique
99 1
: " ! #(1
pH > log k e : *) + , -(
: .-/ 0* HA/ A #2 pk A 3 4!5! HA 6 , pH 8! 94 +:" 4-(
( aq )
( aq )
[A ]
pkA = pH + log
[HA]q
( aq )
[A ]
+ log
pH = pk A
[HA]q
[A ]
pkA = pH + log
[HA]q
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
. . pH = 8 c = 10 8 mol / l : 24)= - 6 , pH - (
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
. . pK A = 14 :9 H 3O + / H 2 O #2 3 4!@ (
( aq )
( aq )
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
.G CD 3 4!@ EF +*) + - (
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
. pH > pk A IK, 6/*)+ #2 93 I - (
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
99 2
. c B Q2 ! )) k A S43 4!@ c A Q2 HA 6 , G4F
. 4 4!@ G 8* .*T , "4( 1
. QV WD- (*2
WD-4) I* K4!4
- 94 +: , (3
**********************************************************
HA+ HO A + H 2 O (1
aq
K=
aq
[A ] :4 4!@
[HA].[HO ]
aq
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
n( HA) = n( HO ) : - WD-4) I*(2
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
c A v A = c B v B e (3
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
99 3
1
. c A Q2)= - 6 !c B Q2 ( BH + / B) #2*) + v B [\ , 2\IF
..*T4 9D
4)4
4#2 3 944!@ ^)! 4 4!@ G 8* .*T , "4 -1
.WD-4 CF 2! QVWD- (*2
WD-4) I* K4!4
- 94 +: , (3
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
B + H 3O BH + H 2 O (1
aq
aq
aq
[BH ] = [BH ] =
k=
[B].[H O ] [B].[H O ] k
+
kA
(H3O+ / H2O)
=1
( BH + / BH )
kA
( H 3O + / H 2O )
kA
( BH + / BH )
:`
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
n( B ) = n( H 3 O + ) :
9I WD-4 (2
. pH :. b#T c4! WD-4 CF 24
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
: 9 " 4- QV 9D WD-4 +:* (3
c Av
= cBv
Ae
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
99 4
e c A Q2)= - 6 S A ,
, v A = 20ml \ F . g, .*T4 6
#)K
. c B = 10 2 mol / l Q2)) K !,
. )) ,
, VBE = 14,8ml [\Dh) I*WD-4 0* . F
. 25C : 9
#
. : .M .*T4 , "4(1
2 ,(2
***************************************************
: : .M .*T4 , (1
H 3O + HO 2 H 2 O
aq
aq
aq
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
c v =c v
c B .v BE 10 2.14,8
=
= 0,74 10 2 mol / l
A A
B B e :WD- +:*( 2
vA
20
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
cA =
99 5
F` 2 8! 94 +: 8* 4 !
` - e ^4! FC :*T4 j-" ^ 4
.3 4!5! 4) I* )#4 j-
CH 3CHClCOOH (
CH 3COOH (
aq
HF
aq
aq
C 6 H 5 COOH (
aq
***************************************************
CH 3COOH + H 2O
CH 3COO + H 3O + (
( aq )
(l )
( aq )
( aq )
kA
[CH 3COOH ]
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
C 6 H 5 COOH + H 2 O
C 6 H 5 COO + H 3O + (
( aq )
(l )
( aq )
kA =
( aq )
[C H COO ][. H O ]
[C 6 H 5COOH ]
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
CH 3CHClCOOH + H 2 O
CH 3CHClCOO + H 3 O +
(
( aq )
(l )
( aq )
kA =
( aq )
[CH 3CHClCOOH ]
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
HF + H 2 O
F + H 3O +
(
( aq )
(l )
kA =
[F ][. H O ]
( aq )
( aq )
[HF ]
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
99 6
HCOOH =,T 6 C 6 H 5 COOH =2IG 6 94 0* !m! C B A ., @:@ 0* . F
3,4
C 2 H 5 COOH
4,9
3,75
PH
nD
pk A
(
.cM pk A EF .G 9jKI S,)C GF EF + 6
.cM pk A EF G EF :
3,4
3,1
2,1
HCOOH
nD
C 6 H 5 COOH
C 2 H 5 COOH
3,75
4,2
4,9
pk A
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
99 7
. g, j2# NH 3 F,` .*T4
r3F [@ .5 + 6! S r3F v B = 20ml K\ I* SI, VF F,` c B 24)) 4
. .5 F ) 0 c A = 5.10 3 mol / l 24)= - 6 , \)
. v A E = 12ml [\ Dh) I* WD-4[ F
. QV\ Fu ,: ) j^ 8* -1
. .*T , "4 2
. c B 24" -3
****************************************************
."I, , ry 9xIc, , M, - .,+ #), - 4, PH K# -1
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
: .*T ,(2
+
+
NH 3 + H 3O
NH 4 + H 2 O
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
c .v
5.10 3.12
c B = A AE =
= 3.10 3 mol / l = 3m.mol / l c A v AE = c B .v B : WD-4 +:* :
,(3
vB
20
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
100 8
2
QV
, . 0* 4 . c = 10 mol / l 24{ TF K T4|, .,
, STF V [\ 0* W 4
:94 \) 9D oj4I) F 50 1
, W-[ + g, pH :{ CF .
5
4
3
2
1
-[ +
11,3
10,6
7,0
5,6
pH
12
: 9D 4 j- F`! ) m! , . 3 [ )+
NaOH )) CH 3 NH 2
, .5, NH 4 Cl F,` NaCl
. NH 3 F,`
.3 .) I* g, )V .*T4 , "4( 1
. . 9D # 0* =!# :, (2
****************************************************
2
), , NaCl + H 2 O > Na + + Cl (1
( aq )
( aq )
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
1 93 ,
NH 4 Cl + H 2 O > NH 4 + Cl
( aq )
( aq )
cV x f
xf
xf
j)G
xf
KI
10
5 - pH = 12 [H O ] =
10
14
= 10
12
n( HO
: 9F` \) :
, [HO ] =
V
xf
V
=c
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
pkA( NH + / NH ) = 9,2
4
PKA(CH3NH + / CH NH ) = 10,7
3
.F,`
, +*) +
, .5 SI, + *) C EF G pkA SF! [F
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
100 9
2
( aq )
(l )
( aq )
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
. HCOOH HO H 3O + HCOO : 9) #4 F`(2
(aq )
[H O ] = 10
[HO ] = 1010
+
pH
14
2 , 65
aq
:)C4) # :
,
HCOO + H 3O +
HCOOH + H 2 O
( aq )
(aq )
( aq )
( aq )
(l )
( aq )
cV
D!
)C4
j)G
cV -xf
D!
xf
xf
xf
KI
:I)
[HCOO ] = 2,24.10
mol / l
:I)
[H O ] = [HCOO ] = xV
+
[HCOOH ] =
cV x f
=c
xf
V
V
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
HCOO . H 3O +
(2,24.10 3 ) 2
kA =
=
= 1,8.10 4 I)(3
2
[HCOOH ]
2,78.10
pk A = log k A = 3,74
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
pH = 6,5 : QV 9D(4
[HCOO ] = 10
[HCOOH ]
pH pKA
][
[HCOO ] pH = pK
pH pK A = log
. HCOO K I
[HCOOH ]
[HCOO ] = 10
[HCOOH ]
6 , 5 3 , 74
+ log
[HCOO ] : I)
[HCOOH ]
575
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
100 10
. 9D !V 5 9F" , C 6 H 5 ONa ^ ID
. 9D SF! .*T , "4( 1
[C H O ] GI("
pK
= 10
A ( C 6 H 5 OH / C 6 H 5 O )
[C 6 H 5OH ]
. ke = 10 14 :
***********************************************************************************
C 6 H 5 ONa + H 2 O C 6 H 5 O + Na + (1 :
(s)
(l )
( aq )
( aq )
+
C H O . H 3O
kA = 6 5
:9 C 6 H 5 OH / C 6 H 5 O #2 3 4!@ [ F
[C 6 H 5 OH ]
][
pK
( C 6 H 5 OH / C 6 H 5 O
= 10 pH = 11,3 g,
[C 6 H 5OH ]
[C6 H 5 OH ]
pH = pK A + log
+ log
[C H O ] > pk
[C 6 H 5OH ]
[C H O ] :
[C 6 H 5OH ]
pH > PK A :
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
[C H O ] = 10
[C6 H 5OH ]
pH pk A
pH pK A
[C H O ]
= log
pH = pK A
[C 6 H 5OH ]
[C H O ] = 10
[C6 H 5OH ]
11,310
[C H O ] (
+ log
[C6 H 5 OH ]
= 101,3 = 19,95 20
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
C6 H 5O + H 2O
C 6 H 5 OH + HO (
: 25C )I* .*T4 V ! FC 4 4!@
k A = 10 pk A = 10 10 pK
= 10
A
14
:I) ke = 10 14 : I)
10
= 10 4 :
10
10
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
K=
100 11
4!5! 2 ( H 2 PO4 / HPO4 ) TD I# )9jI@ /TDI# ): #2 ) 8!h )
. 7,4 ) pH -. 37C #) I* pk A = 6,82
. )9D
[H PO ]
[HPO ]
4
2
: GI( " 1
[HPO ] = 10
[H PO ]
2
pH pk A
pH = pK A + log
[HPO ]
[H PO ]
2
[H PO ] = 1 = 0 , 263
[HPO ] 10
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
[H PO ] = 0,263 [HPO ] = 0,263 0,275 = 0,0723mol / l (2
2
4
2
0 , 58
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2
C 3 H 6 O3 + HPO4
C 3 H 5 O3 + H 2 PO4 ( 3
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
:=4 6 2 : I) (4
[C3 H 6 O3 ] = 0,085mol = 0,085mol / l
1
.*T4) C )# :
,
2
C 3 H 6 O3 + HPO4
C 3 H 5 O3 + H 2 PO4
0,085
0,275
0
0
)C4
j)G
0,085-x
0,275-x
4
0,275 0,085
0,085
0,085
0,085
KI
9T
M ( NaOH ) = 40 g / mol
HCl
c A .V
+ H 2O H 3O
D!
0
D!
c A .V -xf =0
xf
cA =
[HCl ] =
[H O ] = c
+
+ Cl
0
xf
c A .V x f
= cA
H 3O + =
xf
xf
V
)C4
j)G
xf
4
= 0 : .*T4 KF )I*
xf
Ve =
(s)
( aq )
(l )
( aq )
: I) )C4) # :
,
NaOH + H 2 O Na + + HO
(s)
( aq )
(l )
.*T4 ,
( aq )
c2 .v 2
D!
)C4
0
c2 .v 2 -xf =0
D!
xf
xf
xf
j)G
4
c2 =
xf
c 2 .v 2 x f
[NaOH ] =
v2
[HO ] = c
v2
[HO ] = xv
10
pH : +:* 4![ H O ] =
c
14
= c2
v2
= 0 : 9 .*T4 I!
: )C4) # : ,
[HO ][. H O ] = 10
xf
14
10 14
pH = log H 3 O = log
= 14 + log c 2 = 14 + log 0,025 12,4
c2
I)(1-4
+
[OH ] = 2,5.10
mol / l
[H O ] = 4.10
+
12
mol / l