2: - -

1
) f , [ , ] . f
[ , ] f () f () , f ()

f () x 0 (, ) f (x 0 ) = .
) A .
A;

) f () < f () f () < n < f () .

g(x)
= f (x) n , x [ , ] :

g [ , ] g()g() < 0 , g()= f () < 0

g()= f () > 0 . , Bolzano, x 0 ( , )

=
f (x 0 )=
0 f (x 0 ) = .
, g(x
0)
) A .
A () f , x A
y . To y f x f (x) .

 2
i. f g ;
ii. f
;
iii. f A x 0 A . f
x 0 ;

i. f g : A
x A f (x) = g(x) .

ii. f ,
x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 : f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ) .

iii. f x 0 A . f
x 0 A , lim f (x) = f (x 0 )
x x0

 3
) f
;
) gof f,g A,B ;
gof;
) .

) f ,
x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 : f (x1 ) > f (x 2 ) .
) f,g , ,
f g , gof, gof : A1 ,
A1 gof x f
f (x) g .
A1 =
{x A | f (x) B} . gof A1 ,
f (A) B .

) f,g,h. h(x) f (x) g(x) x 0 lim

=
h(x) lim
=
g(x)
x x0

x x0

lim f (x) = .
x x0

 4
i. f A
x 0 A f (x 0 ) ;
ii. Bolzano
iii. f : A 1-1;

i. f A :
x 0 , f (x 0 ) , f (x) f (x 0 ) x A .
ii. f , [ , ] .
f [ , ] , f ()f () < 0
x 0 (, ) , f (x 0 ) = 0 . ,
f (x) = 0 (, ) .
iii. f : A "1-1", x1 , x 2 A
:
x1 x 2 f (x1 ) f (x 2 ) .

 5
i. .
ii. f x 0 ;

i. f [, ] , f [, ] M
m .

ii. f x 0 )
x 0 ) x 0 ,
f (x 0 ) , x 0 .

 6
f (,)
[,];

f (,),
(,).
f [,],
(,) lim+ f (x)= f () lim f (x)= f () .
x

 7
i. ;
ii. lim f (x) lim f (x) ;
x +

i. : N*
ii. lim f (x) f
x +

(, +) . lim f (x) f
x

(, ) .

 8
i. Bolzano. ;
ii. x x . ;

i. f , [ , ] . f

[, ] ,

f ()f () < 0 , x 0 ( , ) ,

f (x 0 ) = 0 . , f (x) = 0

( , ) .

.Bolzano f x x
.
ii. x x x . x = 0 .

 9
P(x) = x + 1x 1 ++ 1x + 0 x 0 . :

lim P(x) = P(x 0 ) .

x x0

P(x) = x + 1x 1 ++ 1x + 0 x 0 .
:

lim P(x)
= lim ( x + 1x 1 ++ 0 )

x x0

x x0

= lim ( x ) + lim ( 1x 1 ) ++ lim 0

x x0

x x0

x x0

= lim x + 1 lim x 1 ++ lim 0

x x0

x x0

x x0

= x 0 + 1x 0 1 ++ 0 = P(x 0 )
lim P(x) = P(x 0 )
x x0

 10
f (x) =

P(x)
, P(x) , Q(x) x x 0
Q(x)

Q(x 0 ) 0 .
: lim

x x0

P(x) P(x 0 )
.
=
Q(x) Q(x 0 )

P(x)
x x 0 Q(x)

: =
lim f (x) lim
=
x x0

, lim

x x0

lim P(x) P(x )

0
.
=
lim Q(x) Q(x 0 )

x x0
x x0

P(x) P(x 0 )
, Q(x 0 ) 0 .
=
Q(x) Q(x 0 )

10


1
f :

f (x) =
3e 2x +1 5x + 3 .
) f .
) f .
) f (x) = 0 .

) D f = . x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 2x1 < 2x 2 2x1 + 1 < 2x 2 + 1

e 2x1 +1 < e 2x 2 +1 3e 2x1 +1 > 3e 2x 2 +1
x1 < x 2 5x1 > 5x 2 5x1 + 3 > 5x 2 + 3
3e 2x1 +1 5x1 + 3 > 3e 2x 2 +1 5x 2 + 3 f (x1 ) > f (x 2 ) .
f .
) f , ,
:

f () = lim f (x), lim f (x) .

x +

lim f (x)= lim ( 3e 2x +1 5x + 3=

)

x +

x +

3 lim e 2x +1 5 lim x + 3 = + 3 =
x +

x +

( lim e 2x +1 = e lim (e x ) 2 = e(+) = + ).

x +

x +

11

lim f (x)= lim (3e 2x +1 5x + 3)=

3 lim e 2x +1 5 lim x + 3 =0 + + 3 =+
x

+1
e lim (e 2 =
) x e0
= 0 ).
( lim e 2x=
x

f ( ) = (, +) .
) f 0, x 0

f (x 0 ) = 0 . f , x 0
f (x) = 0 .

12

= 2x 2011 + 5x 7, x .
f : f (x)
i.

f .

ii.

f (x) = 0 .

iii. f .

i. f D f = . x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 . :

x1 < x 2 x12011 < x 2 2011 2x12011 < 2x 2 2011

x1 < x 2 5x1 < 5x 2 5x1 7 < 5x 2 7

2x12011 + 5x1 7 < 2x 2 2011 + 5x 2 7 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ).

f .
ii. f .
f (1) = 2 + 5 7 = 0 : f (x) = 0 x =1
iii. : f (1) = 0 f , :

x < 1 , : f (x) < f (1) f (x) < 0

x > 1 , : f (x) > f (1) f (x) > 0

13

 3
f f (x)
= 4 ex 2 + 3 .
i.

ii.

iii. f 1 .

i. : e x 2 0 e x 2 x ln 2
=
Df ln 2, + ) .
ii. x1 , x 2 [ln 2, +) x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 e x1 < e x 2 e x1 2 < e x 2 2 e x1 2 < e x 2 2

4 e x1 2 < 4 e x 2 2 4 e x1 2 + 3 < 4 e x 2 2 + 3
f (x1 ) < f (x 2 )
f [ln 2, +) . f (
) :

f ln 2, + ) = f ( ln 2 ) , lim f (x)
x +

f (ln2) = 4 eln 2 2 + 3= 40 + 3= 3

lim f (x) = lim (4 e x 2 + 3) = +

x +

x +

f ([ ln 2, + )=
)

[3, + )

iii. f 1-1 (ii) .

x ln 2, + ) : f (x)= y

14

y3
x
e 2 =

4
4 ex 2 + 3 = y
y3 0

4
2

x
(y 3) 2

3
y =
x
ln
e 2 =
4 + 2 .

y3
y3

(x 3) 2

+ 2 Df =
1
4

=
f 1 (x) ln

[3, + ) .

15

 4
f =
f (x) 2 ln( x 1 + 1) + 3
i. f .
ii. f 1-1.
iii. f 1 .
iv. f 1 (1 + x) =
2.

i. :

x 1 0

1, + )

x 1 D=
f

x 1 + 1 > 0
ii. x1 , x 2 [1, + ) f (x1 ) = f (x 2 ) . :

f (x=
f (x 2 ) 2 ln( x1 1 + 1) +=
3 2 ln( x 2 1 + 1) + 3
1)
2 ln x=
2 ln x 2 1
1 1
ln x1 1 = ln x 2 1 x1 1= x 2 1 x1 = x 2
f 1-1.
iii. :

f (x) = y y = 2ln( x 1 + 1) + 3

y 3
2

y3
= ln( x 1 + 1)
2

x= (e

y 3
y23
x 1 + 1 e 1 = x 1 , e 2 1 0 ,

y 3
2

1) 2 + 1, y 3.

(x) (e
f 1=

x 3
2

1) 2 + 1, x [3, +)

16

iv. f (1 + x) = 2 (e

(e
(e

x 2
2

x 2
2

1 =
1 e
=2 e

x 2
2

x 2
2

x +13
2

1) + 1 = 2 (e
2

x 2
2

1) 2 = 1

1 =1)

= 0 )

x2
= ln 2 x= 2 ln 2 + 2 .
2

17

 5
x

1
f f (x)= 3x + 2 .
2
i.

ii.

x
2011.

iii.

: 3x2 x + 2 x < 1

i. D f = . x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :
x1

1
1
x1 < x 2 >
2
2

x2

x1 < x 2 3x1 > 3x 2 3x1 + 2 > 3x 2 + 2

x

1
2
1
1
3x1 + 2 > 3x 2 + 2 f (x1 ) > f (x 2 ).
2
2

f .
ii. :

1 x

lim
f (x) lim 3x
=
=
+ 2
x
x
2

1
1
lim 3 lim x + 2 = + ( ) 2 = + , 0 < < 1
x 2
x
2

x

1
lim = + .
x 2

1 x

lim
f (x) lim 3x
=
=
+ 2
x +
x +
2

1
1
lim 3 lim x + 2 =0 + 2 = , 0 < < 1
x + 2
x +
2

18

1
lim = 0
x + 2

f , :

f () =

( lim f (x), lim f (x) ) =

x +

( , + )

2011 f () f , x
2011.
iii. :
x

1
1
3x2 + 2 < 1 3x + 1 < x 3x > 1
2
2
x

1
3x + 2 > 3 f (x) > 3 f (x) > f (0) x < 0
2
( f (0) = 3 ) f .

19

 6
f f (x)= 3x 2011 + 2x 5, x .
i.

f .

ii. f (x) = 0 x = 1 .
iii. f .

i. D f = . x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 x12011 < x 22011 3x12011 < 3x 22011

x1 < x 2 2x1 < 2x 2 2x1 5 < 2x 2 5 .
3x12011 + 2x1 5 < 3x 22011 + 2x 2 5 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ) .
f .
ii. : f (1) = 0 x = 1 f (x) = 0 f
.
iii. f x = 1 ,
Bolzano (,1)
(1, +) .
f x < 1 f (x) < f (1) =
0 ,
x > 1 f (x) > f (1) =
0.

20

 7
lim f (x) , :
x 1

2x 1
= +
x 1 f (x)

i.

lim

ii.

lim

iii.

lim [ f (x)(3x + 4) ] = +

x 1

f (x)
=
4x + 3

x 1

i.

2x 1
= g(x) lim g(x) = + g(x) 0 1.
x 1
f (x)

2x 1
2x 1
= g(x) f (x) =
f (x)
g(x)

: lim f (x) = lim

x 1

ii. :

x 1

2x 1
1
= lim (2x 1)
=0
x

1
g(x)
g(x)

f (x)
= (4x + 3)h(x)
= h(x) , f (x)
4x + 3

lim h(x) =
x 1

lim f (x) = lim [ (4x + 3)h(x) ] = 7( ) =

x 1

x 1

iii. :

f (x)(3x + 4) =
(x) , lim (x) = +
x 1

3x + 4 0 1, f (x) =

k(x)
3x + 4

lim f (x) = lim

k(x) = (+) = + .
x 1
x 1 3x + 4

21

 8
f : [1,5]
A(1,8) B(5,12) .
i.

f .

ii. f

29
3

iii. x 0 (1,5 ) :

f (x 0 ) =

2f (2) + 3f (3) + 4f (4)

9

i. : f (1) = 8 f (5) = 12
( 1 < 5 f (1) < f (5) ).
ii. f [1,5] :

=
f ([1,5]) =
f (1) , f ( 5 )

[8,12]

29
f ([1,5])
3
iii. f x1 , x 2 D f x1 < x 2 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ) .
:

1 < 2 < 5 f (1) < f (2) < f (5) 8 < f (2) < 12 16 < 2f (2) < 24
1 < 3 < 5 f (1) < f (3) < f (5) 8 < f (3) < 12 24 < 3f (3) < 36
1 < 4 < 5 f (1) < f (4) < f (5) 8 < f (4) < 12 32 < 4f (4) < 48
:

72 < 2f (2) + 3f (3) + 4f (4) < 108

8<

2f (2) + 3f (3) + 4f (4)

< 12
9

x 0 (1,5) :

f (x 0 ) =

2f (2) + 3f (3) + 4f (4)

f .
9
22

= ln(3e x + 1) 2 .
f f (x)
i. f .
ii. f .
iii. f 1 .
iv. f (x) < f 1 (ln 5 2) 2 .

i. f , : 3e x + 1 > 0 x R . ,
: D f =
ii. x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 e x1 < e x 2 3e x1 < 3e x 2 3e x1 + 1 < 3e x 2 + 1

n(3e x1 + 1) < n(3e x 2 + 1) n(3e x1 + 1) 2 < n(3e x 2 + 1) 2

f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ).
f , 1 1 .
iii. :

f (x) = y y + 2 = n(3e x + 1) e y + 2 = 3e x + 1
e y+2 1 e y+2 1
1
=
e
,
>0 =
x n (e y + 2 1), y > 2.
3
3
3
x

1
3

=
f 1 (x) ln (e x + 2 1), x ( 2, + )

iv. :

f (x) < f 1 (ln 5 2) 2 ln ( 3e x + 1) 2 < ln

1 ln 5
( e 1) 2
3

ln ( 3e x + 1) < ln

4
4
3e x + 1 < 9e x + 3 < 4
3
3
1
1
e x < x < ln x < ln 9
9
9
23

 10

2x 3 3x 1
f f (x) =
i.

f .

ii. f .
iii. f 1 (x) = 2
iv. f 1 (x) x 1

i. f .
x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 x13 < x 32 2x13 > 2x 23

x1 < x 2 3x1 > 3x 2 3x1 1 > 3x 2 1

2x13 3x1 1 > 2x 23 3x 2 1 f (x1 ) > f (x 2 ).

f .
ii. f 1 1 .

iii. f 1 (x) =
23
2 f f 1 ( x ) =
f (2) x =

iv. f , :

f 1 (x) x + 1 f ( f 1 (x) ) f ( x + 1)
x 2 ( x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x + 1) 3 ( x + 1) 1
2x 3 + 6x 2 + 10x + 6 0 ( Horner)

( x + 1)( 2x 2 + 4x + 6 ) 0 x 1 (

2x 2 + 4x + 6 > 0 = 16 48 = 32 < 0 )

24

 11
f : :

f (f (x)) + f (x) =
3x + 2 x f (1) = 3
i.

f 1 (1) .

ii. f (3)
iii. f 1 (x) = 3

3x + x + x
x f f ( x ) + f (x) 2
( )

iv. lim

i. f 1 1 , . x
f 1 (1) :

f f ( f 1 (1) ) + f ( f 1 =
(1) ) 3f 1 (1) + 2
1
f (1)=
(1)
+ 1 3f 1 (1) + 2 4=
2 3f 1 (1) f =

2
3

ii. x = 1 :

f ( f (1) ) + f (1) = 31 + 2 f (3) + 3 = 5 f (3) = 2

iii. :

f 1 (x) = 3 x = f (3) x = 2 ( ii)

iv. :

3x + x + x
3x + x + x
lim
= lim
=
x f ( f (x) ) + f (x) 2
x
3x
x 1 x 1 1
+
+ =
lim
x
3 x
3 3
x

25

x
=
x

x
x

1
1 x 1
1

lim =
= 0
xlim

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
.
= 0 . lim
x
x x
x

lim

26

 12
f : lim
x 1

f (x) x + (x 1)
=2
x2 1

i. f M(1,1)
ii. lim
x 1

3f (x) 2 1
x2 1

f (x) x + (x 1)
f (x)
= (x 2 1)g(x) + x (x 1).
2
x 1

i. : g(x)
=
:

lim f (x) lim g(x)(x 2 1) + x =

=
(x 1) 1
x 1
x 1
f :
=
=
f (1) lim
f (x) 1
x 1

M(1,1)
ii. lim [3f (x) 2] =1 > 0 , 3f (x) 2 > 0 , x 0
x 1

3 ( x 2 1) g(x) + 3 x 3(x 1) 3
3f (x) 2 1
3f (x) 3
lim =
lim
=
lim
=
x 1
x 1
x 1
x2 1
x2 1
x2 1

=
lim [3g(x) ] + lim
x 1

x 1

x 1

(x 1)(x + 1)

3lim
x 1

(x 1)
=
(x 1)(x + 1)

( x 1) 3 lim u =
3
=
6 + lim
2 x 1 ( x 1) x + 1 2 u 0 u

=6 +

3 3 21
=
4 2 4

27

 13
f
=
f (x) 2 ln
i.

x +1
+ 3.
1 x

f .

ii. f .
iii. f f 1 .
iv. : lim f (x) lim f (x)
x 1

x 1

i. f , :

x +1
2
> 0 1 x 2 > 0 x 2 < 1 x < 1 x < 1 1 < x < 1
1 x
: D f =

( 1,1)

ii. f f 2 f1

f=
2 ln x + 3 f 2 (x) =
1 (x)

( f1of=
2 ) (x)

x +1
, x ( 1,1) , :
1 x

f1 ( f=
2 ln f 2 (x)
=
+ 3 2 ln
2 (x) )

x +1
+3
1 x

iii. x1 , x 2 (1,1) f (x1 ) = f (x 2 ) :

f (x=
f (x 2 ) 2 ln
1)

x1 + 1
x +1
x +1 x +1
+=
3 2 ln 2
+3 1 = 2

1 x1
1 x2
1 x1 1 x 2

x1 x1 x 2 + 1 x 2 = x 2 + 1 x1 x 2 x1 x1 = x 2 .
f .

f (x) = y y = 2 ln

y 3
x +1
x +1
+3
=e 2
1 x
1 x

28

x +=
1 e

y 3
2

xe

y 3
2

(1 + e

y 3
2

= e
)x

y 3
2

1 =
x

1 < x < 1 1 <

e
e

e
e

y 3
2
y 3
2

y 3
2

<1

+1

e
e

y 3
2
y 3
2

y 3
2

1
+1

<1

+1

+1

e
e

y 3
2

y 3
2

> 1

1 < 1 2e

f 1 (x)
=

x 3
2
x 3
2

y 3
2

1
+1

> 0 y , :

,x

f 1 f1 (x)
= e

x 3
2

x 3

= e 2 + 1 . f1 g1 (x)
f 2 (x)
= e x 1
x 3
g 2 (x) =
2
x , :

( g1og 2 ) (x)=

g1 ( g 2 ( x )=
) e

x 3
2

=
1 f1 (x)

f 2 h1 (x)
= e x + 1 h 2 (x) =

x 3
.
2

x R , :

( h1oh 2 ) (x)= h1 ( h 2 (x)=) e

x 3
2

1 f 2 (x)
+=

iv. :

lim f (x) lim(2

ln
=

x 1

x 1

u =

x +1
+ 3)
1 x

x +1
x 1 u + , :
1 x

29

lim f (x) = lim (2 ln u + 3) = +

x 1

=
lim f (x)
x 1

u +

=
lim
f (x)
+

x 1

u =

x +1

+ 3
lim+ 2 ln
x 1
1 x

x +1
x 1+ u 0 ,
1 x

lim f (x) = lim ( 2 ln u + 3) =

x 1

u 0

30

 14
f : * g g(x) = ln
i.

x+2
2x

fog.

ii. h : ( hog ) (x) = x .

iii. h .

i. g , :

Dg =

x+2
> 0 x ( 2, 2 ) . g :
2x

( 2, 2 ) .

: D f = * fog :

x+2
x+2

Dfog= x (2, 2) / n
0 = x (2, 2) /
1=
2x
2x

{x (2, 2) / x 0} = (2, 0) (0, 2) .

ii. (hog)(x) =
x h ( g(x) ) =
x h ln

x+2
x (1)
=
2x

x+2
, :
2x
x2
x2
2e u 2
u ln

e u 2e u xe u x 2 x u
e u + 1 0 ,
e 1
2 x
2 x
u .

u = ln

2e u 2
2e x 2
.
h(x) = x
(1) : h(u) = u
e +1
e +1
iii.

x x .

2
2
2ex 2 e x
2 2e x
2e x 2
x 0 : h(x) x

h(x).
x
x
1

e 1
1
e
1
e
1
ex
h .
31


1
f g :

f (x) 0 x .

A(2, 1) .

1 =1 2 =5 g(x) = 0 .

:
) f .
) g(x) < 0 x (1,5) .

f (3)x 4 + 2x 2 + 1
=
x
g(2)x 3 + 5

) lim

) f f (x) 0 x .
x1 , x 2 f (x1 )f (x 2 ) < 0 .
Bolzano x 0 (x1 , x 2 ) f (x 0 ) = 0
.
f .
) g (1,5) g(x) 0 (1,5) 1 5
g(x) = 0 .
(1,5) . g(2) =1 < 0 . g(x) < 0
x (1,5) .
) : f (2) =1 < 0 . ) f (x) < 0 x .
f (3) < 0 . ) g(2) < 0 .

f (3)
f (3)x 4 + 2x 2 + 1
= lim
x = .
3
x
x g(2)
g(2)x + 5

lim

32

 2
f : (0, +) :

f (x) =2x 4 + 3ln x + 1 .

i.

f .

ii. f .
iii. , f (x) = .
iv. > 0 :

4 +

1 3 1
= ln
2 2

(0, +) . x1 , x 2 (0, +)
i. f D=
f
x1 < x 2 : x1 < x 2 x14 < x 2 4 2x14 < 2x 2 4
x1 < x 2 ln x1 < ln x 2 3ln x1 < 3ln x 2 3ln x1 + 1 < 3ln x 2 + 1
2x14 + 3ln x1 + 1 < 2x 2 4 + 3ln x 2 + 1 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ) .
f (0, +) .
ii. f (0, +) :

f ((0, +)) = ( lim+ f (x), lim f (x)) .

x +

x 0

lim f (x) = lim+ (2x 4 + 3ln x + 1) = 0 + 1 =

x 0+

x 0

lim f (x) = lim (2x 4 + 3ln x + 1) = (+) + (+) + 1 = +

x +

x +

: f ((0, +)) = ( , +) .
iii. f ,
f (x) = , , .

33

iv. :

1 3 1
4 +=
ln 2 4 +
=
1 3(ln1 ln )
2 2

2 4 + 1 =3ln 2 4 + 3ln + 1 =0 f () =0
> 0 f ( ) =0 .
0 f ((0, +)) f (0, +) .

34

 3
f : : 2f 3 (x) 3 = 2x 3f (x) ,
x .
i.

ii.

f , f
f 1 .

iii.

f (x) = 0 .

iv.

f f 1 .

i. 2f 3 (x) 3 = 2x 3f (x) 2f 3 (x) + 3f (x) = 2x + 3 x .

x = x 0 2f 3 (x 0 ) + 3f (x 0 ) =
2x 0 + 3 .
, :

2 f 3 (x) f 3 (x 0 ) + 3 [ f (x) f (x 0 ) ] = 2(x x 0 )

2(x x 0 )
2 [ f (x) f (x 0 ) ] f 2 (x) + f (x)f (x 0 ) + f 2 (x 0 ) + 3 [ f (x) f (x 0 ) ] =
2(x x 0 )
f (x) f (x 0 ) =
2
2 f (x) + f (x)f (x 0 ) + f 2 (x 0 ) + 3
2f 2 (x) + 2f (x)f (x 0 ) + 2f 2 (x 0 ) + 3 0, f (x)
:

=
4f 2 (x 0 ) 42(2f 2 (x=
4f 2 (x 0 ) 16f 2 (x 0=
) 24
0 ) + 3)
12f 2 (x 0 ) 24 =
12 f 2 (x o ) + 2 < 0
: f (x) f (x 0 )
=

2 x x0
2 x x0 .
2f (x) + 2f (x)f (x 0 ) + 2f 2 (x 0 ) + 3
2

2 x x 0 f (x) f (x 0 ) 2 x x 0
lim
2 x x 0=
2 x x 0=
xlim
0 ,
x x0
x0
:

35

lim[f (x) f (x 0 )] =
0 lim f (x) =
f (x 0 ) .

x x0

x x0

ii. x1 , x 2 R f (x1 ) = f (x 2 ) f 3 (x1 ) =f 3 (x 2 ) 2f 3 (x1 ) =2f 3 (x 2 ) .

f (x1 ) =f (x 2 ) 3f (x1 ) =3f (x 2 ) , :

2f 3 (x1 ) + 3f (x1 )= 2f 3 (x 2 ) + 3f (x 2 ) 2x1 + 3= 2x 2 + 3 x1= x 2 .

f 1-1 . f 1
f .
: f (x) = y x = f 1 (y)
: 2f 3 (x) + 3f (x) = 2x + 3 2y3 + 3y = 2f 1 (y) + 3

2x 3 + 3x 3
, x
=
f (x)
2
1

203 + 30 3
3
=

2
2

0x=
f 1 (0) =
iii. f (x) =

iv. f 1 f ,
y=x.

f 1 (x) =
f (x) f 1 (x) =
x

2x 3 + 3x 3
x
=
2

2x 3 + 3x 3 = 2x 2x 3 + x 3 = 0 x = 1
:
) f f 1
.
) A f Cf Cf 1 , ( ),
y = x .

36

 4
f : [ 1, 2] :

z=

2f (1) + f (2)i
3
5
Im(z) = Re(z) .
1 i
2
2
i.

z + i, , .

ii. : 2f (1) + f (2) =

3.
iii. (1, 2)

f ( ) + 1 2 f ( )
+
=
0
2
+1

i. :

2f (1) + f (2)i ] (1 + i) [ 2f (1) f (2) ] + [ 2f ( 1) + f (2) ] i

[=
=
(1 i)(1 + i)

2f (1) f (2) 2f (1) + f (2)

+
i
2
2

ii. Im(z) =

3
2f (1) + f (2) 3

= 2f (1) + f (2) = 3
2
2
2

iii. 2 1 :

f ( ) + 1 2 f ( )
+
= 0 ( + 1) [ f () + 1] + ( 2) [ 2 f () ]= 0
2
+1

f () + + f () + 1 + 2 f () 4 + 2f () = 0 3f () + 3 3 = 0 .
g(x)= 3f (x) + 3x 3 . g [ 1, 2]
.
:

g(1) = 3f (1) + 3(1) 3 = 3 [ f (1) 2]

g(2)
= 3f (2) + 32 =
3 3f (2) +=
3 3 [3 2f (1) ] +=
3
37

12 6f (1) =6 [ f (1) 2]
: g(1)g(2) =18[f (1) 2]2 0 .
:

g(1)g(2) = 0 ( g( 1) = 0 g(2) = 0 ) , f (1) =

2 f (2) = 1 (
(ii)). z=

5 3
+ i .
2 2

g(1)g(2) < 0 Bolzano

(1, 2) ,
g()= 0 3f () + 3 3= 0
( + 1) [ f () + 1] + ( 2) [ 2 f () ]= 0

f ( ) + 1 2 f ( )
+
=
0
2
+1
(1, 2) .

38

 5
f :
A(1, 0) B(2,3) .
i.

f .

ii. f .
iii. f (2e x + 1) =
3.
iv. f (3x + 5) 0 .

i. f 1 < 2 f (1) = 0 < f (2) = 3 , f

.

0 f ( 1-1)
ii. : f (1) =
f . :
x < 1 f (x) < f (1) f (x) < 0

x > 1 f (x) > f (1) f (x) > 0 .

f (x) < 0 x (, 1) f (x) > 0 x (1, +) .

iii. f 1-1 :

f (2e x + 1) =3 f (2e x + 1) = f (2) 2e x + 1 = 2

1
1
2e x =
1 ex = x =
ln x =
ln 2
2
2
iv. f :

f (3x + 5) 0 f (3x + 5) f (1) 3x + 5 1 3x 6 x 2 .

39

2 + 2i, z 2 =
2 2i z = xz1 xz 2 , x , x 0
: z1 =
2

z
:
f (x) =
z1z 2 x 2
i.

lim f (x)

x +

ii.

lim f (x)

iii.

1
lim f
x +
x

x 0

i. : z = x(2 + 2i) x(2 2i) = (2x 2x) + (2x + 2x)i ,

z = (2x 2x) 2 + (2x + 2x) 2=

2

4 2 x + 4x 2 8xx + 4 2 x + 4x 2 + 8xx = 8 2 x + 8x 2
z1z 2 = (2 + 2i)(2 2i) = 4 + 4 = 8
8 2 x + 8x 2 x

=
f (x)
=
+1
8x 2
x
2

x 2
8 2 x + 8x 2
lim
=

+ 1 = 0 + 1 = 1
x +
x +
8x 2
x

lim f (x) = lim

x +

x
=
x

x
1
1
1
1 x 1
0, lim

= 0 ,
lim=

x +
x + x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
=0.
x + x

, lim

x 2 2
ii. lim f (x) = lim
+ 1 = 1 + 1 = 2
x 0
x 0
x

1
x + 1
iii. =
lim f lim =

x +
x x + 1

y 2
lim =
+ 1 2
1
= y 0 y

40

2x +
z =
i.

2i
,x.
x +i

z + i .

ii. lim Re(z) .

x

iii. : lim Im(z)x

x + 2

2x +
i. : z =

2i
2i(x i)
2xi + 2
=
2x + 2
=
2x + 2
=
x +i
x +1
x +1

2
2x

2x + 2 + 2 i
x +1 x +1

ii. lim Re(z) = lim 2x +

x
x

2
= + 0 =
x +1
2

iii. x > 0 , : lim Im(z)

=
x
x + 2

xx
1 2x

x lim
=
lim 2=
x
+
x2 +1
2 x +1

x +

x 1
xx
lim

1 0
= lim
= 0=
x +
1
1 x + x
2

+
1
x 1 + 2

x2
x

x
=
x

x
1
1 x 1

x
x
x
x
x

1
1
lim =
lim

0
x + =
x +
x
x
lim

x +

x
=0.
x

41

27
f [3,3] 3x 2 + 4f 2 (x) =
x [3,3] .
i. f (x) = 0 .
ii. f (3,3) .
iii. f .
iv. f (1) = 6 lim

f (x)

x 0

3 3
2 .

i. f (x) = 0 , :

32 + 4f 2 () = 27 2 = 9 = 3 = 3 .
ii. f , [3,3] , (3,3)
, (3,3) .
iii.

27 :
f (x) < 0 , 3x 2 + 4f 2 (x) =
f (x) =

27 :
f (x) > 0 , 3x 2 + 4f 2 (x) =

=
f (x)

=
iv. f (1)
=
f (x)

27 3x 2
, x [3,3]
2

27 3x 2
, x [3,3]
2

6 > 0 (3) :
27 3x 2
, x [3,3] .
2

3 3
27 3x 2 3 3
f (x)

27 3x 2 3 3
2
2
2

=
lim
lim
=
lim
=
x 0
x 0
x 0
x
x
2x

27 3x 2 27
3x
lim= lim
= 0
x 0
2x( 27 3x 2 + 3 3) x 0 2( 27 3x 2 + 3 3)
42

 9
f : [ 0, + ) :

x 2 + 2x + 9 3 + xf (x) x 8

i.

: lim
x 0

2 x
+ + 3 x > 0 . :
x 3

x 2 + 2x + 9 3
.
2x

ii. : lim x 7
x 0

2
.
x

iii. : lim f (x) .

x 0

iv. f (0) .

x 2 + 2x + 9 3
x 2 + 2x + 9 9
i. lim
=
=
lim
x 0
x 0
2x
2x x 2 + 2x + 9 + 3

lim
x 0

2x

x ( x + 2)
x 2 + 2x + 9 + 3

ii.

1
6

2
1 x 0 , :
x

2
2
2
x 7 = x 7 x 7 x 7 x 7 x 7
x
x
x

lim x 7 = lim x 7= 0
x 0

x 0

lim x 7
x 0

2
=0
x

iii. x > 0 :

x 2 + 2x + 9 3 + xf (x) x 8

2 x
+ +3
x 3

43

x + 2x + 9 3
f (x)
x
2

2 x
+
x 3
x

x 8

x 2 + 2x + 9 3
x 2 + 2x + 9 3 1
lim
2=
lim
=
( i ).
x 0
x 0
x
2x
3
2 x
+
x 3 = lim x 7 2 + 1 = 0 + 1= 1 ( ii )

x 0
x
x 3
3 3

x 8
lim
x 0

lim f (x) =
x 0

1
3

iv. f [ 0, + ) , x = 0 .

f (0) lim
f (x)
=
=
x 0

1
.
3

44

 10
f : : (fof )(x) + 2f (x) =
2x + 1 x
f (2) = 5 .
i.

f (5) .

ii. f .
iii. f 1 (2) .

iv. : f f 1 (2x 2 + 7x) 1 =

2.

i. (fof )(x) + 2f (x) =

2x + 1 x x = 2 :

f (f (2)) + 2f (2) =22 + 1 f (5) + 10 =5 f (5) =5

ii. x1 , x 2 f (x1 ) = f (x 2 ) , :

f (x1 ) =
f (x 2 ) f (f (x1 )) =
f (f (x 2 )) ( f )
f (x1 ) =f (x 2 ) 2f (x1 ) =2f (x 2 )
) f (f (x 2 )) + 2f (x 2 ) 2x1 + =
1 2x 2 + 1 x=
x2
f (f (x1 )) + 2f (x1=
1
f 1 1 , .
iii. x f 1 (2) :

f (f (f 1 (2))) + 2f (f 1=
(2)) 2f 1 (2) + 1 f (2)=
+ 4 2f 1 (2) + 1
1
5 +=
4 1 2f 1 (2) f =
(2) 4 .

iv. :

f (f 1 (2x 2 + 7x) 1) =
2 f 1 (2x 2 + 7x) 1 =
f 1 (2)
f 1 (2x 2 + 7x) =
5 2x 2 + 7x =
f (5) 2x 2 + 7x + 5 =
0
5
x1 = 1 x 2 = .
2
45

 11
f : [ 2,5] , z =

f (2) i
g
2 + f (5)i

g(x)
= 2f (2x + 1) + f (x + 1) .
i.

z + i .

ii.

z f (5) = 2f (2) .

iii.

g .

i. :

=
z

f (2) i
=
2 + f (5)i

f (5)i ]
[f (2) i][ 2 =
4 + f (5)
2

0
ii. z Re(z) =

2f (2) f (5) f (2)f (5) + 2

i
4 + f 2 (5)
4 + f 2 (5)

2f (2) f (5)
=
0 f (5) =
2f (2) .
4 + f 2 (5)

iii. :

2 x 2
2 2x + 1 5
1 2x 4

1 x 2 .
2 x +1 5
1 x 4
1 x 4

D g = [1, 2] .

46

 12
f : f (x) = 2 z xi + 1 x , z
z = 2 2 < Im(z) < 2 . :

f (x)
= 2 x 2 2 Im(z)x + 4 + 1 x

i.

ii. f .
iii. x 0 ( 0,5 ) , f (x 0 ) = 6

i. : z xi =(z xi)(z + xi) = z + zxi xzi + x 2

2

z xi = x 2 + (z z)xi + 4
2

z xi =

x 2 2 Im(z)x + 4.

f (x)
= 2 x 2 2 Im(z)x + 4 + 1 x ( <0, ,

2 < Im(z) < 2 )

ii. f f1 (x) =
x 2 2 Im(z)x + 4

f 2=
(x) 2 x + 1
x , : (f 2 of1 )(x)
= f 2 (f1 (x))
= 2 x 2 2 Im(z)x + 4 =
+ 1 f (x)
iii. : f (0) = 5 f (5)= 2 z 5i + 1 2 z 5i + 1= 7
f [ 0,5] ( ii),
f f (0) = 5 7 ( f (5) 7 ).

x 0 ( 0,5 ) , f (x 0 ) = 6

47

 13
f : f 2 (x) = 2x + 2 x + 1

x , * .

f .

i.

ii. f (0) = 2 f .

2f (x) 3x
, < 2.
x + 32 x + 43x

iii. : lim

2f (x) 3x
,>3
x 32 x + 43x

iv. : lim

i. f 2 (x) = 2x + 2 x + 1 = x + 1

0 x

f f (x) 0 x , f
.
ii. f (0) = 2 f (x) < 0 x

f (x) = x + 1 = x 1

2f (x) 3x
=
x + 32 x + 43x

iii. lim

2 x 2 3x
lim
=
x + 32 x + 43x
x
x

1
3 2 2 1
3
3
= 1 , 0 < < 1, 0 < 1 < 1 0 < 2 < 1
lim
x
x +
4
3
3
3
2

3x 3 + 4
3

2
1
lim
=
=
=
xlim
xlim
0
+ 3
+ 3
x + 3



x

48

2f (x) 3x
=
x 32 x + 43x

iv. lim

2 x 2 3x
=
x 32 x + 43x
lim

x
x
x
1 3
2 2 2
2 2

3
1
2
= , > 1, > 1 0 < < 1
lim
x
x
2
2
2

3
2 x 3 + 4
2

3
1
lim
=
lim
=
0 lim = +

x 2
x 2
x 2

x

49

 14
f : : x 4 + 1 4f (x) x 4 + 2
x .
i. :

1
1
1
3
f (0) f (1) .
4
2
2
4

ii. : lim x 4 f .
x 0
x

1
x 5f + 43x
x
iii. : lim
.
x 0
2x 2 + 3x
iv. [ 0,1] , f () = 0 .

i. x 4 + 1 4f (x) x 4 + 2 x
x = 0 , :

1 4f (0) 2

1
1
f (0)
4
2

x = 1 , :

2 4f (1) 3

1
3
f (1)
2
4

ii. x 0 , x
4

1
:
x

1 1 4
1 1 4
1
1 1
4 1
+ 1 4f + 2 + x x f + x
4 4
x
x x
x 4 2

1 1 4 1
1 1 1
lim + x 4 =
+ x =

x
0
4 4 4
4 2 4

: lim
x 0

1 1
=
x 4

: lim x 4 f
x 0

50

iii. :

3x 1
1
1
x 5f + 43x
x 4f + 4
+ 43
49
x
x
x

4
= lim
= =
lim
2
x 0
x 0
x
2x + 3x
0+3
12
2x + 3
x

3x
3x
u
1 1
= 3lim
= 3lim = 3=
1 3
= ( ii), lim
x 0
x 0 3x
u 0 u
x
x 4

lim x 4 f
x 0

iv. g(x)
= f (x) x
g [ 0,1] . :

g(0)g(1)
= f (0)[ f (1) 1] < 0

1
1
1
3
f (0) f (0) > 0 f (1) f (1) < 1 .
4
2
2
4

Bolzano (0,1)

g()= 0 f () = 0

51

 15
i. lim
x 0

2f (x) 4
= 2, lim f (x) .
x 0
x

ii. g : :

xg(x) + 2 2x x + x, x .
lim g(x) , .
x 0

x 2 f 2 (x) + 2 (2x)
x 0
2 x + x 2 g(x)

iii. : lim

=
i. : h(x)

2f (x) 4
xh(x) + 4
f (x)
=
x
2

, :

xh(x) + 4
=
= 2
lim f (x) lim
x 0
x 0
2
ii. :

xg(x) + 2 2x x + x , x : xg(x) 2x x + x 2

x > 0 , : g(x)

2x x + x 2
2(x 1) x
g(x)

+ 1
x
x
x

lim+ g(x) 20 1 + 1 lim+ g(x) 0.

x 0

x < 0 , : g(x)

x 0

2x x + x 2
2(x 1) x
g(x)

+ 1
x
x
x

lim g(x) 20 1 + 1 lim+ g(x) 0.

x 0+

x 0

lim g(x) = 0
x 0

52

iii. :

2 (2x)
2 2
+
x

f
(x)

x 2 4 + 4
x 2 f 2 (x) + 2 (2x)

=
= = 8.
lim
lim
2
x 0
x 0
2 x + x 2 g(x)
1+ 0

x 2
+ g(x)
x

(2x)
2 (2x)
2 (2x)
u
=
=
lim
li
m
4
4 lim=
4=
lim

4
2
2
x 0
x 0
u 0
x
(2 x)
x 0 (2x)
u
2

x
1 x
lim

=
=
lim

x 0
x
0
x
x x
2

53

 16

4x 1 x .
f : : 3f (x) + 2f 3 (x) =+
i.

f f 1 .

ii. f 1 .
iii. f f 1 ,
y = x .

1
iv. : f 2e x =
f (3 x ) .

i. x1 , x 2 f (x1 ) = f (x 2 ) , :

f (x1 ) =f (x 2 ) f 3 (x1 ) =f 3 (x 2 ) 2f 3 (x1 ) =2f 3 (x 2 )

f (x1 ) =f (x 2 ) 3f (x1 ) =3f (x 2 )
2f 3 (x1 ) + 3f (x1=
) 2f 3 (x 2 ) + 3f (x 2 ) 4x1 + 1= 4x 2 + 1
f 1 1 , .
x f 1 (x) :

=
3f ( f 1 (x) ) + 2 f ( f 1 (x)
) 4f 1 (x) + 1
3

3x +=
2x 3 4f 1 (x) + 1
f 1 (x) =

2x 3 + 3x 1
.
4

ii. x1 , x 2 R x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 x13 < x 23 2x13 < 2x 23

x1 < x 2 3x1 < 3x 2 3x1 1 < 3x 2 1

2x13 + 3x1 1 < 2x 23 + 3x 2 1

2x13 + 3x1 1 2x 23 + 3x 2 1
<

4
4
54

f 1 (x1 ) < f 1 (x 2 ),
f 1 .
iii. :

f 1 (x) =
f (x) f 1 (x) =
x
2x 3 + 3x 1
= x 2x 3 x 1 = 0 x = 1.
4
iv. f 1 1 , :

f (2e x 1 ) = f (3 x) 2e x 1 = 3 x 2e x 1 + x 3 = 0 (1)
(1) x = 1 .

= 2e x 1 + x 3 . x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :
g(x)
x1 < x 2 x1 1 < x 2 1 e x1 1 < e x 2 1 2e x1 1 < 2e x 2 1
x1 < x 2 x1 3 < x 2 3
2e x1 1 + x1 3 < 2e x 2 1 + x 2 3 g(x1 ) < g(x 2 )
g . x = 1 .

55

 17
f
=
z f (x) + 2(x)i ,
: z 2 Re(z) Im(z) + 3x = x 2 + 10 .
2

g(x)
= f (x) 2x .

i.

ii. f f (0) = 10 .

f (x) + x 1 10
x 0
x

iii. lim

i. :

z = x 2 3x + 2 Re(z) Im(z) + 10
2

f 2 (x) + 4 2=
x x 2 3x + 4f (x)x + 10

[f (x) 2x ]=
2

x 2 3x + 10 (1)

g , x1 , x 2 R
: g(x1 )g(x 2 ) < 0

, Bolzano x 0 ( x1 , x 2 )

g(x 0 ) = 0 .
(1)

: g(x 0 ) =0 g 2 (x 0 ) =0 x 0 2 3x 0 + 10 =0 ( = 31 < 0 )

ii. : f=
(0)

(x)
10 > 0 , (i) : f =

x 2 3x + 10 + 2x

iii. :

f (x) + x 10 1
x 2 3x + 10 + 2x + x 10 1
=
lim
x 0
x 0
x
x

lim

= lim
x 0

x 2 3x + 10 10
2x
x 1
+ lim
+ lim
=
x 0
x 0
x
x
x

56

= lim
x 0

x 2 3x
x 2 3x + 10 + 10

0
+ 21 +=

3
+2
2 10

57

 18
f (x)=
i.

x + 1 1 g(x)= 2 x .

f g .

ii. fog.
iii. f f 1 .
iv. fofog.

i. f , : x + 1 0 x 1
: D f =

[ 1, + ) .

g : D g = ()
ii. fog :

Dfog=

{x / 2 x 1=
} {x / x 3=
} ( ,3]

x ( ,3] :

( fog ) (x)=

f ( g(x) )=

2 x + 1 1=

3 x 1

iii. x1 , x 2 [ 1, + ) :

f (x1=
) f (x 2 ) x1 + 1 =
1

x 2 + 1 1 x=
x2 .
1

, f .
f (x)= y y=

x + 1 1 y + 1=

x + 1 , ( y 1 ) x = (y + 1) 2 1

f 1 (x) = ( x + 1) 1 x 1
2

iv. x1 , x 2 [ 1, + ) x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 x1 + 1 < x 2 + 1 x1 + 1 1 < x 2 + 1 1 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ) .

f . x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :
58

x1 < x 2 2 x1 > 2 x 2 g(x1 ) > g(x 2 ) .

g .

Dfofog = Dfo(fog) =

{x (,3] /

3 x 1 1 = (,3] .

x1 , x 2 ( ,3]

x1 < x 2

g .

) (

g(x1 ) > g(x 2 )

f .

f (g(x1 )) > f (g(x 2 ))

f f ( g ( x1 ) ) > f f ( g ( x 2 ) ) .
fofog ( ,3] .

59

 19

2x + x

,
x<0

x x2

f f (x) =
x=
0
,

2
8x + x + 16 3x, x > 0
i.

, .

ii. : lim f (x) .

x +

iii. : lim f (x) .

x

iv. =
f (x) 2 ln(8x + 1)
( 0,1) .

i. f , x 0 = 0

f : x =
0 lim f (x) =
lim+ f (x) =
f (0)
x 0

x 0

x
2 +
2x + x
x = 2 + 1 = 2 +
lim f (x) = lim
= xlim
2

x 0
x 0
0
xx
1 x
1

lim
f (x) lim+
=

x 0

x 0

8x 2 + x + 16
=
3x 4

f (0) =
: =4 2 + = 4 = 2

2x + 2x

,
x<0

x x2

ii. =2 =4 : f (x) =
4,
x = 0 :

2
8x + x + 16 3x, x > 0

60

lim
=
f (x) lim

x +

x +

8x 2 + x + 16
=
3x
lim

x +

8x 2 + x + 16 9x 2
=
8x 2 + x + 16 + 3x

1 16

x 2 1 + + 2
1
x x

= ( + )
lim
=
x +

1 16
8 +3
x 8 + + 2 + 3
x x

iii. :

lim

2x + 2x
= lim
x
x x2

x
=
x

lim
x

x= lim 1 2 + 2 x=

0,

1 x
x
1 x

2+2

x
1
1 x 1

x
x
x
x
x

x
1
1
=0
=
= 0 , : lim
xlim
x

x
x
x

iv. g(x) = f (x) 2 ln(8x + 1), x [ 0,1]

g [ 0,1] ( )
:

g(0)= f (0)= 4 > 0

e
g(1) =
f (1) 2 ln 9 =
2 2 ln 9 =
2 ln < 0
9
Bolzano g(x) =
0 f (x) =
2 ln(8x + 1)
(0,1) .

61

 20

x 2 5x + 6
4(x 3 2x 2 ) , x (, 0) (0, 2)

f f (x) =
g : {0,1}
x + 1

,
x (2, +)
2
2( x 4)
:

xg(x) + 2x
= 5 g(x + 3)= g(x) + f (x) x
x 0
3x

lim

:
i.

lim f (x) .
x 2

ii. lim f (x) .

x 0

iii. lim g(x) .

x 0

iv. lim g(x) .

x 3

i. : lim f (x) = lim

x 2

x 2

lim+ f (x) = lim+

x 2

x 2

x 2 5x + 6
(x 2)(x 3)
1
= lim
=
3
2
2
4(x 2x ) x 2 4x (x 2)
16

x + 1
2(x 2)(x + 2)

: lim+ ( x + 1) = 2 + 1
x 2

lim+ 2(x 2)(x + 2) =

0
x 2

2 + 1 0

1
lim+ f (x) = + .
x 2
2

2 + 1 = 0 =

1
:
2

62

1
x +1
(x 2)
1
2
=
=
=
.
lim+ f (x) lim
lim
+
+
x 2
x 2 2(x 2)(x + 2)
x 2 4(x 2)(x + 2)
16
lim f (x) =
x 1

1
2

( x 2 )( x 3) =
x 2 5x + 6
= lim
3
2
x 0 4 x 2x
(
) x0 4x 2 ( x 2 )

ii. : lim f (x) = lim

x 0

iii. :

=
h(x)

xg(x) + 2x
=
xg(x) 3xh(x) 2x x 0 :
3x
3xh(x) 2x
1
1
= 35lim
2 lim
= 15 2 = 13
x 0
x 0 x
x 0 x
x
x
x

lim g(x) = lim

x 0

iv. : lim g(x)

x 3

x= u + 3

lim g(u + 3) = lim [ g(u) + f (u) ] = 13 + () =

u 0

u 0

63


1
f :

f (x) =
2x 5 z x 3 + 2 z , x , z C*
5

) f .
) f .
) f (x) = 0 ( 0, z ) .

f (x) + 2 z
) lim
= 1 , ,
x 0
3 x
z .
5

) x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 x15 < x 25 2x15 > 2x 25

x1 < x 2 x13 < x 23 z x13 > z x 23

z x13 + 2 z > z x 23 + 2 z .
5

2x15 z x13 + 2 z > 2x 25 z x 23 + 2 z f (x1 ) > f (x 2 ) .

5

f .
) f , ,
:

f () = lim f (x), lim f (x) . :

x +

lim f (x)= lim 2x 5 z x 3 + 2 z =

x +

x +

lim ( 2x 5 ) = 2 ( + ) =

x +

lim f (x)= lim 2x 5 z x 3 + 2 z =

64

lim ( 2x 5 ) = 2 ( ) = +

: f (R) =

( , + )

) f 0, z , :

f=
(0) 2 z > 0

f(z)=
2 z z + 2 z =
z <0

Bolzano f (x) = 0 ( 0, z ) f
( 0, z ) .

f (x) + 2 z
) lim
=
x 0
3 x
5

2x 5 + z x 3 2 z + 2 z
lim
=
x 0
3 x
5

x 3 ( 2x 2 + z )
2x 2 + z
z
= lim
=
= 1
lim
3
3
x 0
x 0
x
1
x

x
z , .

65

= 3ln 2x + e3x + 4x 2 .
f f (x)
f .

i.

ii. : lim f (x) lim f (x) .

x +

x 0

iii. f (x) = e 2
iv. :

+ 1) e3(
3ln 4 3ln(2 2 + 2) 4( 2 =

+1)

e6 8

(0, +) . x1 , x 2 (0, +) x1 < x 2 :

i. f D=
f

x1 < x 2 2x1 < 2x 2 ln2x1 < ln2x 2 3ln2x1 < 3ln2x 2

x1 < x 2 3x1 < 3x 2 e3x1 < e3x 2

x1 < x 2 4x1 < 4x 2 4x1 2 < 4x 2 2.

3ln2x1 + e3x1 + 4x1 2 < 3ln2x 2 + e3x 2 + 4x 2 2 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ).
f (0, +) .
ii.:

lim f (x) = lim(3ln 2x + e3x + 4x 2) = + 1 + 0 2 =

x 0

x 0

lim ln 2x = lim ln u = , lim

=
e3x lim
=
eu 1 .
x 0

u 0

x 0

u 0

lim f (x) = lim (3ln 2x + e3x + 4x 2) = + lim ln 2x = lim ln u = +

x +

x +

x +

u +

lim e3x = lim e u = +

x +

u +

66

3
2

1
2

1
, ( f 1-1)
2

iii. f (x) = e f (x) = f x =

.
iv. :

+ 1) e3(
3ln4 3ln(2 2 + 2) 4( 2 =
3ln4 + e6 + 8=
3ln2( 2 + 1) + e3(

+1)

+1)

e6 8

+ 4( 2 + 1)

3ln2(2) + e3(2 ) + 4(2) =

2 3ln2( 2 + 1) + e3(

+1)

+ 4( 2 + 1) 2

f (2) = f ( 2 + 1) 2 + 1 = 2 = 1 ( ).

67

 3
f : :

1 2
x , x .
2

3x 2xf (x)

4f (x) + 3f (x + 1)= 2x 2 2013 , x .

i. lim f (x) .
x 0

ii. f (1) .
iii. f
g(x)= x 1 x 0 (0,1) .

i. : 3x 2xf (x)

1 2
x , x
2

x > 0, : 3x 2xf (x)

1 2
1
1
x x 2 3x 2xf (x) x 2
2
2
2

1
3 x
1
3 x
x+
f (x) x +
4
2 x
4
2 x
3 x 3
3 x 3
1
1
x+
x+
= xlim
=
+
0
2 x 2
4
2 x 2
4

: lim+
x 0

x < 0 , :

1
3 x
1
3 x
3 x 3
1
x+
f (x) x +
lim x +
=
x 0
4
2 x
4
2 x
4
2 x 2

3 x 3
1
x+
=
2 x 2
4

lim
x 0

lim f (x) =

x 0

3
2

f (x) lim
f (x)
=
=
lim
+

x 0

x 0

3
3
lim f (x) = .
x 0
2
2

68

ii. 4f (x) + 3f (x + 1)= 2x 2 2013 x R x = 0

: 4f (0) + 3f (1) =
2013. f :

f (0) lim
f (x)
=
=
x 0

3
.
2

3
2

2013 f (1) =
673 .
4 + 3f (1) =

iii. x o (0,1) , f (x 0 ) = g(x 0 ) f (x 0 ) g(x 0 ) = 0

h(x) =
f (x) g(x), x [0,1] . :

h(0) = f (0) g(0) =

3
1
1 = > 0
2
2

h(1) =
f (1) g(1) =
673 < 0
673
<0
2

: h(0)h(1) =

h [0,1], ,
Bolzano x 0 (0,1) , f (x 0 ) = g(x 0 ) .

69

 4
f f (x) =
2 z + 2x 3 z , z C
i.

f .

ii. f .
iii. f f 1
y = x , z.
iv. z1 , z 2 ,
7 z1 z 2 2 .

i. :

2x 3 z 0 x
3

3
z.
2

=
Df z , +
2

ii. x1 , x 2 D f x1 < x 2 :

x1 < x 2 2x1 < 2x 2 2x1 3 z < 2x 2 3 z

2x1 3 z < 2x 2 3 z 2 z + 2x1 3 z =

2 z + 2x 2 3 z

f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ) .
f 1-1 .
iii. f x D f :

f (x)= f 1 (x) f (x)= x 2 z + 2x 3 z = x

2x 3 z = 2 z + x 2x 3 z = 4 z + x 2 + 4 z x
2

x 2 + 2 ( 2 z 1) x + 4 z + 3 z =
0
2

: = 0 ( Cf , Cf 1 )
70

4 4 z 4 z + 1 16 z 12 z = 0 z =
2

1
7

0 ( 0, 0 ) =

1
7

iv. z1 , z 2 :

1
z1 z 2 2 7 z1 z 2 2
7

71

 5
f : z = 1 + f (2)i
z + 9i = 3 z + i .
:
i.

z =3

ii.

f 2 (2) = 8

iii. x 0 (0, 2) , : 3x 0 f 2 (x 0 ) + 9 =
8x 0 .

i. :

z + 9i = 3 z + i z + 9i = 9 z + i ( z + 9i )( z 9i )= 9 ( z + i )( z i )
2

z 9zi + 9zi + 81 = 9 z 9zi + 9zi + 9

2

8 z = 72 z = 3
2

ii. : z = 3 1 + f (2)i = 9 1 + f 2 (2) = 9 f 2 (2) = 8

2

= 3xf 2 (x) 8x + 9
iii. g(x)
g [ 0, 2] . g(0)= 8 > 0 g(2) =6f 2 (2) 64 + 9 =7 < 0 .
g(0)g(2) < 0 , Bolzano, x 0 ( 0, 2 )

g(x 0 ) = 0 3x 0 f 2 (x 0 ) + 9 = 8x 0

72

x 1
+ z + 3i ,
x < 1
2
x 1
f f (x) =
1
(x 1)

+ z 1 + 4i , x > 1
x 1
4
lim f (x) :
x 1

i. z .
ii.
.
iii. ( 0,1) 4e+1 = 15 z + 1 .

i. lim f (x) : lim f (x) = lim+ f (x)

x 0

x 1

x 1

x 1

z + 3i
x 2 1 +=

: =
lim f (x) lim
x 1

lim

x 1

x 1

x 1
1
+ z + 3i = + z + 3i
4
(x 1)(x + 1)( x + 1)

(x 1)
u
1 (x 1)
1
= 1
lim+ f (x) = lim+
+ z 1 + 4i = + z 1 + 4i lim+ = lim
u 0 u
x 1
x 1
x 1 4
x 1
x 1
4

1
1
2
2
+ z + 3i = + z 1 + 4i z + 3i = z 1 + 4i
4
4

( z + 3i )( z 3i ) = ( z 1 + 4i )( z 1 4i )
z 3zi + 3zi + 9 = z z 4zi z + 1 + 4i + 4zi 4i + 16
2

zi zi =z z + 8

(z z)i + z + z = 8
73

2y + 2x = 8 x y 4 = 0
z : x y 4 =
0

ii. M(x 0 , y 0 ) . M

0 2 ,
1 : x y 4 =
. :
x .
1 2 = 1 2 = 1 , 2 : y =
0
x y 4 =

y = x

2
(x =

y = 2 )

M(2, 2)

iii. g(x) =4e x +1 15x z 1 .

: g(0) = 4e 1 > 0

z d(0, 1=
) 2 2
15 z 30 2 4e 2 15 z 4e 2 30 2
4e 2 15 z 1 4e 2 30 2 1 g(1) < 0.
Bolzano (0,1) ,

g() = 0 4e+1 = 15 z + 1

74

 7

z 2 2f (4) + 3i .
=
z1 3f (2) + 2i =
i. Re(z1 z2 ) .
ii. Im(z1 z2 )
iii. z1 z2 f (x) = 0
( 2, 4 )

iv. Re(z1 z2 ) > 0 z1 z2 .

i. :

z=
1 z2

3i ] [ 6f (2)f (4) + 6] + [ 9f (2) + 4f (4) ] i

[3f (2) + 2i ][ 2f (4) =

Re(z1 z2 ) 6f (2)f (4) + 6

=
9f (2) + 4f (4)
ii. (i) : Im(z1 z2 ) =
0 f (2)f (4) =
1 ( (i))
iii. z1 z2 : Re(z1 z2 ) =
f [ 2, 4] .

Bolzano f ( 2, 4 )
, .

4
9

0 f (2) =f (4) ( (ii)).

iv. z1 z2 , Im(z1 z2 ) =
6f (2)f (4)=
+6
Re(z=
1 z2 )

8 2
f (4) + 6 > 0
3

75

 8
2
f : R R :
=
x x 2 f (x) + 1 + 2 x

1
2

x (1) A 0,
i.

ii.

=1 =1 f .

iii.

: lim

f (x)
.
x 0 x

i. A Cf , f (0)=

1
= 1
2

2
(1) =1 :
=
x x 2 f (x) + 1 + 2 x 1 x 0 :

f (x) =

2 x + 1 1 + 2 x
:
x2

x 2
1
2 x
lim f (x) = lim
lim
+
=

x 0
x 0
x 0 2
2
x 1 + 1 + 2 x
x

f 0, :

1 1
lim f (x)= f (0) =
= 1
x 0
2 2
ii. (1) = = 1 : =
2 x x 2 f (x) + 1 + 2 x 1 .

x 0 : f (x) =
: f (0) =

2 x + 1 1 + 2 x
.
x2

1
2

2 x + 1 1 + 2 x
, x0

x2

f (x) =

,
x=0
2

76

iii. :

1 x 2
1 1 + 2 x
2 x + 1 1 + 2 x
f (x)
lim
lim

lim
= lim
=
+
=

2
x 0 x
x 0
x 0 x
x 2 x
x x 0 x x

1 + lim
x 0

2 x
x x(1 + 1 + x )
2

=1

1 1
=
2 2

77

 9
f f (x) =

x 3 2 x + 32 x 4
2x

i.

f .

ii.

lim f (x) .

iii.

lim f (x)

iv.

f (x) = .

x +

i. f , 2 x 0 x .
:

f (x) =

x 3 2 x + 32 x 4
1
= x3 + 3 4
x
2
2

x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 : x1 < x 2 x13 < x 23 x13 + 3 < x 23 + 3

1
2

x1

2
1
2
1
1
1
4 < 4 ,
2
2
2

x1 < x 2 >
x

1
.
2
x

1
2
1
1
x + 3 4 < x 23 + 3 4 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 )
2
2

3
1

f .
ii. :
x

1
lim f (x) = lim x 3 + 3 4 = () + 3 4(+) = ,
x
x
2

0 <

1
1
< 1 : lim = + .

x
2
2

78

x
1
2

iii. : lim f (x) = lim x 3 + 3 4 = (+) + 3 40 = + ,

x +
x +

0 <

1
1
< 1 : lim = 0.
x + 2
2

iv. f ( ),

f () =

( lim f (x), lim f (x) ) =

x

x +

(, +) .

f , f (x) =
f , .

: 05/04/2012

79