Statistics for Veterinary and Animal ScienceStatistics for Veterinary and Animal Science Second Edition Aviva Petrie, Bsc, MSc, Cstat, ILTM Senior Lecturer in Statistics and Head of the Biostatistics Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University of London Senior Lecturer in Statistics, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London Honorary Lecturer in Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London Paul Watson, BSc, PhD, DSc, BVetMed, MRCVS Professor of Reproductive Cryobiology, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London i) Blackwell Publishing(© 2006 Aviva Petrie and Paul Watson Blackwell Publishing editorial offices: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2D0, UK Tel: +44 (0)1865 776868 Blackwell Publishing Professional, 2121 State Aveoue, Ames, fowa S0014-8300, USA ‘Tel: +1 515292 0140 Blackwell Publishing Asia Py Ltd, $50 Swanston Street, Carlton, Vietoria 3053, Australia ‘Tel: 961 (0)2 8359 1011 ‘The sight of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, Al eights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted, im any {form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission ofthe publisher. First published 1999 by Blackwell Science Second edition published 2006 by Blackwell Publishing ISBN-10: 1-4051-2781-3 ISBN-13: 9781-4051-27813 Library of Congress Catsloging-in-Publication Data Petrie, Aviva. Statistics for veterinary and animal science/Aviva Pettie and Paul, ‘Watson, — 2nd ed. em Includes bibliographical references und index ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-2781-3 (pbk. : alk. papet) ISBN-10: 1-4051-2781-3 (pbk. alk. paper) 4. Veterinary medicine-Statisteal methods, 1, Watson, PF 1, Tite. SF760.873P48 2006 636.0890727-de22 2005037648 A catalogue record for this title is available from che British Library Set in 10/12 pt Times by SNP Best-sct Typesetter Ltd, Hong Kong, Printed and bound in the UK by TH International, Padstow, Cornwall ‘The publishers policy isto use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary ehlorine-fee practices. Furthermore, the publisher ‘ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: wwrwblackwellpublishing.com