File 11856

HOCHOAHOC.
COM [Chuyn trang hc ha hc ]

Bin son GV : L Quc Huy - 1 -
Chuyn : PHUONG GG PHP SUY LUN NHANH DA
VO P N
V d 1:(D b H -09) a mt hn hp kh N
2
v H
2
c t l 1: 3 vo thp tng hp, sau phn ng thy th
tch kh i ra gim 1/10 so vi ban u. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca hn hp kh sau phn ng.
A. 20%, 60%, 20% B. 22.22%, 66.67%, 11.11% C. 30%, 60%, 10% D. 33.33%, 50%, 16.67%
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php thng thng
N
2
+ 3H
2
2NH
3
Ban u: 1 3
Phn ng: a 3a 2a
Cn bng: 1-a 3-3a 2a
Th tch kh gim : 2a
Theo : 2a/4=1/10 a=0.2 %N
2
% 22 . 22 % 100 *
2 * 2 . 0 4
2 . 0 1
chn B
*Phn tch + Trong phn ng c hiu sut nh hn 100%, nu t l cc cht tham gia phn ng bng ng h
s cn bng phng trnh th sau phn ng phn cht d cng c t l ng bng h s cn bng trong phn
ng. C th trng hp ny l 1:3. Do A v B c kh nng l p n ng
+ Trong phn ng tng hp amoniac, th tch kh gim sau phn ng ng bng th tch kh NH
3
sinh ra, do , trong trng hp ny, %NH
3
= 10% hn hp u hay l 1/9 = 11.11% hn hp sau.Do B l
p n ng.
V d 2: t chy hon ton mt axit X thu c 0,6mol CO
2
v 0,5 mol H
2
O.Cng thc cu to ca X:
A. (COOH)
2
B. HOOC-(CH
2
)
2
-COOH C. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH D. HOOC-(CH
2
)
3
-COOH
Phn tch: Da vo p n ta thy tt cc cc axit l no hai chc cng thc TQ l: C
2
H
2n-2
O
4
c 2lk pi ging
ankin(ankadien) nn
2 2
CO H O axit pu
n n 0,6 0,5 0,1 n ;
S nguyn t Cac bon =
2
CO
axit
n
0,5
C 5
n 0,1
=>p n D
V d 3:(H-07) Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm
4,48 lit CO
2
(ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n
khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn gi ca X l.
a. isopropyl axetat

b. etyl axetat c. metyl propionat d. etyl propionat

Phn tch: Nhn thy khi lng mui > khi lng este => gc ru trong este nh hn Na :23 nn gc
ancol l CH
3
- (15) < 23 => p n C ng
V d 4: Mt este hu c n chc c thnh phn khi lng m
C
:m
O
= 9:8. Cho este trn tc dng vi mt
lng dd NaOH va thu c mt mui c khi lng bng 41/37 khi lng este. CTCT este l
A. HCOOCH=CH
2
. B. HCOOCCH. C. HCOOC
2
H
5
. D. CH
3
COOCH
3
Phn tch: Khng cn gii nhn thy khi lng mui > khi lng este => gc ru trong este nh hn Na
:23 nn gc ancol l CH
3
- (15) < 23 => p n D ng
V d 5: (C - 07) t chy hon ton mt ru (ancol) X thu c CO
2
v H
2
O c t l s mol tng ng l
3 : 4. Th tch kh oxi cn dng t chy X bng 1,5 ln th tch kh CO
2
thu c ( cng iu kin). Cng
thc phn t ca X l: A. C
3
H
8
O
2
. B. C
3
H
8
O
3
. C. C
3
H
4
O. D. C
3
H
8
O.
Phn tch: Nhn thy
2
2
O
CO
n
T 1,5
n
ancol no,n chc, mch h (C
n
H
2n+2
O ) => p n D. Suy lun nh
vy rt nhanh khng cn tnh ton, dnh thi gian gii quyt cc bi ton khc.
V d 6:(H-09) Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c 500
ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Na. B. Ca. C. Ba. D. K.
Phn tch: Da vo p n ta thy KL l ha tr II hoc ha tr I ,ta ln lt xt hai trng hp:
Nu l KL ha tr II: MO + H
2
O => M(OH)
2 ;
M + H
2
O => M(OH)
2
+ H
2
0,01 0,01 mol 0,01 0,01 0,01mol
6oteo uth Io||x PDf 6d|tcr
- |ree |or ooo-commercol ose.
Jo remove ths ootce, vst:
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HOCHOAHOC.COM [Chuyn trang hc ha hc ]
2,9 = 0.01(M+16) + M*0,01 =>M =137 =>Ba
V d 7 : (H-10) Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s mol X gp hai ln s mol
Y) v este Z c to ra t X v Y. Cho mt lng M tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH, to
ra 16,4 gam mui v 8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc ca X v Y l
A. HCOOH v CH
3
OH B. CH
3
COOH v CH
3
OH C. HCOOH v C
3
H
7
OH D. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
OH
Phn tch: : Gi s mol: RCOOH a ; ROH a ; RCOOR b
Theo gi thit: n
RCOONa
= a + b = 0,2 mol. M
RCOONa
= 82 R = 15. (CH
3
). X l CH
3
COOH
Loi p n: A v C. (a + b) < n
ROH
= a + b < a + b 0,1 < n
ROH
< 0,2
40,25 < M
ancol
< 80,5. Loi p n B => p n D
BI TP RN LUYN
Cu 1a: 0,1 mol axit A tc dng va vi 0,2 mol NaHCO
3
. t chy 0,1 mol A th khi lng H
2
O vt
qu 3,6 gam. CTCT thu gn ca axit l:
A. CH
3
CH
2
COOH B. HOOC C C COOH
C. HOOC CH = CH COOH D. HOOC CH
2
CH
2
COOH
Cu 1b: (D b H - 09) t chy 1.6 gam mt este E n chc c 3.52 gam CO
2
v 1.152 gam H
2
O. Nu
cho 10 gam E tc dng vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 1M , c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 16 gam cht
rn khan . Vy cng thc ca axit to nn este trn c th l :
A. CH
2
=CH-COOH B. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOH
C. HOOC(CH
2
)
3
CH
2
OH D. HOOC-CH
2
-CH(OH)-CH
3

Cu 2a: Cht hu c A cha cc nhm chc c nguyn t H linh ng. A b oxi ho bi CuO un nng to
anehit. Ly 13,5 gam A phn ng va vi NaOH c 16,8 gam mui khan. CTCT ca A l:
A. HO CH
2
CH
2
COOH B. CH
3
CH(OH) COOH
C. CH
2
(OH) CH(OH) COOH D. HO CH
2
CH(COOH)
2
Cu 2b:(C -10) Cho 16,4 gam hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip nhau phn ng hon
ton vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v KOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y, thu c 31,1
gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc ca 2 axit trong X l
A. C
3
H
6
O
2

v C
4
H
8
O
2
. B. C
2
H
4
O
2

v C
3
H
6
O
2
. C. C
2
H
4
O
2

v C
3
H
4
O
2
. D. C
3
H
4
O
2

v C
4
H
6
O
2
Cu 3: Thu phn 0,2 mol este X cn 0,6 mol NaOH thu c 0,4 mol CHO
2
Na; 0,2 mol C
2
H
3
O
2
Na v 18,4g
ancol Y. CTPT ca X l: A. C
6
H
12
O
6
B. C
7
H
10
O
6
C. C
8
H
10
O
6
D. C
8
H
14
O
6

Cu 4 : t chy hon ton 10,3 g mt cht hu c X c dX/H
2
= 51,5 bng oxi ,thu c 8,1 gam H
2
O v
10,08 lt (kc) hn hp N
2
v CO
2
. ung nng X vi kim c etanol to thnh .Cu to ca X l:
A. H
2
N-CH
2
-COOC
2
H
5
B. H
2
N-C
6
H
5
-COOC
2
H
5

C. HCOONH
3
CH
2
CH
3
D. C
2
H
5
OOCOC
2
H
5
Cu 5(H 07): Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt
dung dch Br
2
0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Br
2
gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng thm
6,7 gam. Cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon l
A. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
8
. B. C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
8
. C. C
2
H
2
v C
3
H
8
. D. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
6
.
Cu 6(H A-10): Hn hp kh X gm imetylamin v hai hirocacbon ng ng lin tip. t chy hon
ton 100 ml hn hp X bng mt lng oxi va , thu c 550 ml hn hp Y gm kh v hi nc. Nu cho
Y i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c (d) th cn li 250 ml kh (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin).
Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l
A. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
B. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
C. CH
4
v C
2
H
6
D. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6

Cu 7:(H - 07) Thu phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glixerol (glixerin) v hai loi axit
bo. Hai loi axit bo l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. C
15
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH. B. C
17
H
33
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH.
C. C
17
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
33
COOH. D. C
17
H
33
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH.
Cu 8: (H -10) Hn hp M gm anhit X (no, n chc, mch h) v hircacbon Y, c tng s mol l 0,2
(s mol ca X nh hn ca Y). t chy hon ton M, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 7,2g H
2
O.
Hircacbon Y l A. CH
4
B. C
2
H
2
C. C
3
H
6
D. C
2
H
4

Cu 9: Cng thc n gin nht ca mt axit hu c X l (CHO)
n
. C 1 mol X tc dng ht vi NaHCO
3
thu
c 2 mol CO
2
. X c ng phn hnh hc. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. axit lactic B. axit fumaric C. axit oleic D. axit aipic
6oteo uth the oemo versoo o|
Io||x Prc PDf 6d|tcr

Cu 10:(H-10) Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc dng ht
vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c ,56 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A. natri v magie. B. liti v beri. C. kali v canxi. D. kali v bari.
Cu 11: Hai cht X v Y c cng cng thc phn t C
2
H
4
O
2
. Cht X phn ng c vi kim loi Na v
thamgia phn ng trng bc. Cht Y phn ng c vi kim loi Na v ho tan c CaCO
3
. Cng thc ca
X, Y ln lt l:
A. HOCH
2
CHO, CH
3
COOH. B. HCOOCH
3
, CH
3
COOH.
C. CH
3
COOH, HOCH
2
CHO. D. HCOOCH
3
, HOCH
2
CHO.
Cu 12: Hn hp X gm 2 ancol no c cng s nguyn t C ,
2
X
d 36, 4
H
.t chy hon ton 9,1g X thu
c 0,375 mol CO
2
.Mt khc 9,1g X phn ng va vi 225 ml dd HCl 1M. Hai ancol no sau y l
khng phi ca hh X:
A. C
3
H
7
OH v C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
B. C
3
H
7
OH v C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
C. C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
v C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
D. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
v C
3
H
6
(OH)
2

Cu 13 : t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO
2
. Mt khc, trung ha a mol Y
cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l
A. HOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH. B. C
2
H
5
-COOH. C. CH
3
-COOH. D. HOOC-COOH.
Cu 14: Khi t 0,1 mol mt cht X (dn xut ca benzen), khi lng CO
2
thu c nh hn 35,2 gam. Bit
rng, 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. C
2
H
5
C
6
H
4
OH. B. HOCH
2
C
6
H
4
COOH. C. HOC
6
H
4
CH
2
OH. D. C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
.
Cu 15: a) Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH un nng v vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
. Th tch ca 3,7 gam hi cht X bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh O
2
(cng iu kin v nhit v p
sut). Khi t chy hon ton 1 gam X th th tch kh CO
2
thu c vt qu 0,7 lt ( ktc). Cng thc
cu to ca X l a. HCOOC
2
H
5
. b. HOOC-CHO. c. CH
3
COOCH
3
. d. O=CH-CH
2
-CH
2
OH.
Cu 16 Cht X cha C, H, O c khi lng phn t bng 74. X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung
dch AgNO
3
/ NH
3
. Khi t chy 7,4g X thy th tch CO
2
thu c vt qu 4,7 lt ( iu kin tiu chun).
Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X:
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
B. HCOOCH
3
C. HCOOC
2
H
5
D. HCOOH

Cu 17:(H-09) un nng hn hp hai ancol n chc, mch h vi H
2
SO
4
c, thu c hn hp gm cc
ete. Ly 7,2 gam mt trong cc ete em t chy hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) v
7,2 gam H
2
O. Hai ancol l
A. C
2
H
5
OH v CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v CH
3
OH.
C. CH3OH v C3H7OH. D. CH3OH v CH2=CH-CH2-OH.
Cu 18: t chy hon ton 4,02 g hn hp mt ankanol v mt ankanal c cng s nguyn t cc bon thu
c 7,92 g CO
2
. Hai cht trong X l:
A. CH
3
OH v HCHO B. C
2
H
5
OH v CH
3
CHO C. C
3
H
7
OH v C
2
H
5
CHO D. C
2
H
5
OH v C
2
H
5
CHO
Cu 19 : Hn hp X gm 2 andehit no c s mol bng nhau.Cho 2,04 g X ha hi th thu c 986 ml
136,5
0
C v 1,5 atm. Cng thc ca adehit l:
A. HCHO v (CHO)
2
B. CH
3
CHO v (CHO)
2
C. HCHO v CH
3
CHO D. HCHO v C
2
H
3
CHO
Cu 20: X l hp cht cha C,H,O .Bit X c phn ng trng bc v phn ng vi NaOH.t chy hon ton
a mol X thu c 3a mol gm CO
2
v H
2
O. X l:
A. HCOOH B. HCOOCH
3
C. HOC-COOH D. HOC-CH
2
- COOH
Cu 21: Cng thc n gin nht ca mt axit hu c X l (CHO)
n
. Khi t chy 1 mol X ta thu c di 6
mol CO
2
. X c ng phn hnh hc. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH B. CH
2
=CH(COOH)
2

C. CH
3
CH=CH-COOH D. CH
2
=CH-COOH
Cu 22: Hn hp X gm hai axit hu c no (mi axit cha khng qu 2 nhm -COOH) c khi lng 16g
tng ng vi 0,175 mol. t chy hon ton hn hp X ri cho sn phm chy qua nc vi trong d thu
c 47,5 g kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho hn hp X tc dng va vi dung dch Na
2
CO
3
thu c 22,6 g
mui. Cng thc cu to ca cc axit trong hn hp X l:
A. HCOOH v (COOH)
2
B. CH
3
COOH v (COOH)
2

C. C
2
H
5
COOH v HOOC-CH
2
-COOH D. CH
3
COOH v HOOC-CH
2
-COOH
Jo r emove ths ootce, vst:

Cu 23 : Hn hp X gm 1 axit hu c no n chc mch h v 1 axit hu c no a chc mch h hn km
nhau 1 nguyn t C trong phn t. Ly 14,64 gam X cho bay hi hon ton thu c 4,48 lt hi ktc. Mt
khc t chy hon ton 14,64 gam hn hp X ri cho sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo bnh ng dung
dch Ca(OH)
2
d th thu c 46 gam kt ta.Vy CTCT ca hai axit l:
A. CH
3
COOH v HOOC -CH
2
-COOH B. HCOOH v HOOC -COOH
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v HOOC -C
2
H
4
- COOH D. C
2
H
5
COOH v HOOC -COOH
Cu 25: Cng thc n gin nht ca X l (C
3
H
3
O)
n
. Cho 5,5 gam X tc dng ht vi dd NaOH thu c 7,7
gam mui Y c s nguyn t C bng ca X. Khi lng mol phn t ca Y hn ca X l 44 gam. CTPT ng
ca X l: A. C
6
H
5
COOH B. C
6
H
6
(OH)
2
C. C
9
H
9
(OH)
3
D. C
6
H
4
(OH)
2

Cu 26: Ly 12,2 gam hp cht A (ng ng ca phenol) phn ng vi dd Br
2
thu c 35,9 gam hp cht B
cha 3 nguyn t Br
2
. CTPT ca A l:
A. C
6
H
5
OH B. C
7
H
7
OH C. C
8
H
9
OH D. C
9
H
11
OH
Cu 27: ancol A tc dng vi Na d c th tch H
2
bng th tch hi ancol A dng. Mt khc t chy ht 1
th tch ancol A thu c cha n 3 th tch CO
2
(cc th tch o cng iu kin). Vy A l:
A. ancol etylic B. etilen glycol C. propaniol D. ancol metylic
Cu 28a: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X mch thng (M
x
< 100) tc dng va vi 0,3 mol H
2
(Ni,t
0
) thu c hp
cht hu c Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi Na d to thnh 0,1 mol H
2
. CTCT ca X l:
A. OHC CH
2
CHO B. OHC CH
2
CH
2
CHO
C. OHC CH = CHCHO D. OHC C C CHO
Cu 28 b: Mt th tch hi anehit mch h X cng hp ti a c hai th tch hidro(cc kh o cng iu
kin).Sn phm sinh ra tc dng vi Na d sinh ra th tch bng th tch hi anhit X dng ban u (cc
kh o cng k).X l:
A. CH
3
CHO B. OHC CH
2
CH
2
CHO
Cu 29: Mt cht hu c X (C
x
H
y
O
z
) c t khi so vi metan l 4,25. Bit 0,2 mol X tc dng va vi 0,3
mol Ag
2
O/NH
3
(0,6 mol AgNHO
3
/NH
3
) thu c 43,2 gam Ag. CTCT ca X l:
A. HC C CH
2
CHO B. H
3
C C C CHO
C. H
2
C = C = CH- CHO D. HCOO CH
2
C CH
Cu 30: trung ho 0,58 gam mt axit cacboxlic X cn dng 100 ml dd KOH 0,1M. Bit M
X
< 150. CTCT
thu gn ca axit X l:
A. C
2
H
5
COOH B. C
2
H
2
(COOH)
2
C. CH
2
(COOH)
2
D. CH
3
COOH
Cu 31: un 1 triglixerit X vi dung dch KOH n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,92g glixeron v
m g hn hp Y gm mui ca axit oleic v 3,18g mui ca axit linoleic. CTCT ca X l:
A. C
17
H
33
COOC
3
H
5
(OOCC
17
H
31
)
2
B. (C
17
H
33
COO)
2
C
3
H
5
OOCC
17
H
31

C. C
17
H
35
COOC
3
H
5
(OOCC
15
H
31
)
2
D. (C
17
H
33
COO)
2
C
3
H
5
OOCC
15
H
31
Cu 32: un 0,1 mol X vi lng va dung dch NaOH, thu c 14,8g mui ca axit hu c Y v 0,2
mol ancol n chc c khi lng 9,2 gam. X c CTCT l:
A. (COOCH
3
)
2
B. CH
2
(COOC
2
H
5
)
2
C. (COOC
2
H
5
)
2
D. CH
2
(COOCH
3
)
2

Cu 33: Este n chc X c d x/o
2
= 2,75. Khi un nng X vi dung dch NaOH to ra mui c khi lng
ln hn lng este phn ng. CTCT thu gn ca este ny l:
A. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
C. HCOOC
3
H
7
D. CH
3
COOCH
3

Cu 34: (K) l hp cht hu c c CTPT l: C
5
H
11
NO
2
. un (K) vi dd NaOH thu c hp cht c CTPT l
C
2
H
4
O
2
NNa v hp cht hu c (L). Cho hi (L) qua CuO/t
o
thu c mt cht hu c (M) c kh nng tham
gia phn ng trng bc. CTCT ca (K) l
A. CH
2
=CH-COONH
3
-C
2
H
5
.

B. NH
2
-CH
2-
COO-CH
2-
CH
2
-CH
3
.

C. NH
2
-CH
2
-COO-CH(CH
3
)
2
.

D. H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-COO-C
2
H
5
.
Cu 35: Trung ho 1 mol -amino axit X cn 1 mol HCl to ra mui Y c hm lng clo l 28,286% v khi
lng. CTCT ca X l
A. H
2
N-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH. B. H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH.
C. CH
3
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH. D. H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH.
Cu 36: Cho 8,9 g mt hp cht hu c X c CTPT C
3
H
7
O
2
N phn ng vi 100 ml dd NaOH 1,5M. Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dd thu c 11,7 g cht rn. CTCT thu gn ca X l

A. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
COOH. B. H
2
NCH
2
COOCH
3
. C. CH
2
=CHCOONH
4
. D. HCOOH
3
NCH=CH
2
.
Cu 37:(H-07) t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lt kh CO
2
, 0,56 lt kh N
2
(cc
kh o ktc) v 3,15 g H
2
O. Khi X tc dng vi dd NaOH thu c sn phm c mui H
2
N-CH
2
COONa.
CTCT thu gn ca X l
A. H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-C
3
H
7
. B. H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-C
2
H
5
. C. H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH. D. H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-CH
3
Cu 38: Mt hp cht hu c A c cng thc C
3
H
9
O
2
N. Cho A phn ng vi dd NaOH, un nh, thu c
mui B v kh C lm xanh qu m. Nung B vi NaOH rn thu c mt hidrocacbon n gin nht. Xc nh
CTCT ca A.
A. CH
3
COONH
3
CH
3
. B. CH
3
CH
2
COONH
4
. C. HCOONH
3
CH
2
CH
3
. D. HCOONH
2
(CH
3
)
2
.
Cu 39: Cho 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c m
1
gam mui Y. Cng 1 mol amino
axit X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c m
2
gam mui Z. Bit m
2
- m
1
= 7,5. Cng thc phn t ca
X l A. C
5
H
9
O
4
N. B. C
4
H
10
O
2
N
2
. C. C
5
H
11
O
2
N. D. C
4
H
8
O
4
N
2
.
Cu 40: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc.
Bit phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y
tng ng l
A. HOCH
2
CHO v HOCH
2
CH
2
CHO. B. HOCH
2
CH
2
CHO v HOCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CHO.
C. HOCH(CH
3
)CHO v HOOCCH
2
CHO. D. HCOOCH
3
v HCOOCH
2
CH
3
Cu 41: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u khng tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng
bc. Bit phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y
tng ng l
A. HOCH
2
CHO v HOCH
2
CH
2
CHO. B. HOCH
2
CH
2
CHO v HOCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CHO.
C. HOCH(CH
3
)CHO v HOOCCH
2
CHO. D. HCOOCH
3
v HCOOCH
2
CH
3
Cu 42: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch KOH
0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp X trn,
sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d) th khi lng bnh tng 6,82
gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l
a. HCOOH v HCOOC
2
H
5
. b. HCOOH v HCOOC
3
H
7
.
c. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. d. CH
3
COOH v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
Cu 43: Cho hn hp M gm 2 cht hu c no, n chc cha cc nguyn t C, H, O tc dng va vi
20ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c 1 mui v mt ru. un nng lng ru thu c trn vi H
2
SO
4

c 170
0
C to ra 369,6ml olefin kh 27,3
0
C v 1atm. Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp M trn ri cho
sn phm qua bnh ng CaO d th khi lng bnh tng 7,75 gam. Hy chn cu tr li ng?
a. HCOOH v HCOOC
2
H
5
. b. HCOOH v HCOOC
3
H
7
.
c. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. d. CH
3
COOH v CH
3
COOC
3
H
7
.
Phn tch: i vi 2 cu 42,43 trc y nu gii theo kiu t lun ,v phn ng to ra 1 mui v mt ancol
th cc em phi xt 3 trng hp
1 este v 1 ancol c gc hidrocacbon ging gc ancol trong este ROH v R
''
COOR
1ancol v 1 axit ROH v R
''
COOH
1este v 1 axit c gc hidrocacbon ging gc axit trong este. RCOOH v RCOOR
'

Nhng da vo p n cc em thy ngay l hh X bao gm : 1este v 1 axit c gc hidrocacbon ( R- )
ging gc axit trong este. RCOOH v RCOOR
'

Cu 44a:(C -07) Hp cht X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht, va tc dng c vi
axit va tc dng c vi kim trong iu kin thch hp. Trong phn t X, thnh phn phn trm khi lng
ca cc nguyn t C, H, N ln lt bng 40,449%; 7,865% v 15,73%; cn li l oxi. Khi cho 4,45 gam X
phn ng hon ton vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH (un nng) thu c 4,85 gam mui khan. Cng
thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
2
=CHCOONH
4
. B. H
2
NCOO-CH
2
CH
3
. C. H
2
NCH
2
COO-CH
3
. D. H
2
NC
2
H
4
COOH.
Cu 44b: Hp cht X c thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc nguyn t C, H ln lt bng 40% ; 6,66%
cn li l oxi. Khi cho 0,9 gam X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH (un nng) thu
c 9,8 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HOCOOCH
2
CH
3
. B. CH
3
COOCH
2
OH C. HO-CH
2
COO-CH
3
. D. HO-CH
2
COOC
2
H
3
.

Cu 45: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lt kh CO
2
, 0,56 lt kh N
2
(cc kh o
ktc) v 3,15 gam H
2
O. Khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn phm c mui H
2
N-CH
2
-COONa.
Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-C
3
H
7
. B. H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-C
2
H
5
. C. H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-CH
3
. D. H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH.
Cu 46: (H A07) Khi tch nc t mt cht X c cng thc phn t C
4
H
10
O to thnh ba anken l ng
phn ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. (CH
3
)
3
COH. B. CH
3
OCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
.
C. CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
CH
3
. D. CH
3
CH(CH
3
)CH
2
OH.
Cu 47: (C B 07) Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to nh sau: HOCH
2
-CH
2
OH (X); HOCH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
OH
(Y); HOCH
2
-CHOH-CH
2
OH (Z); CH
3
-CH
2
-O-CH
2
-CH
3
(R); CH
3
-CHOH-CH
2
OH (T). Nhng cht tc
dng c vi Cu(OH)
2
to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam l
A. X, Y, Z, T. B. X, Z, T. C. X, Y, R, T. D. Z, R, T.
Cu 48: (C 08) Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):
Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat.
Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l:
A. CH
3
COOH, CH
3
OH. B. C
2
H
4
, CH
3
COOH. C. C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH. D. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH.
Cu 49: (C 08) Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l
xeton Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
3
-CHOH-CH
3
. B. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH. C. CH
3
-CH
2
-CHOH-CH
3
.D. CH
3
-CO-CH
3
.
Cu 50: (H A 09) Cho hn hp X gm hai ancol a chc, mch h, thuc cng dy ng ng. t chy
hon ton hn hp X, thu c CO
2
v H
2
O c t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Hai ancol l
A. C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
v C
4
H
7
(OH)
3
. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
4
H
9
OH.
C. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
v C
4
H
8
(OH)
2
. D. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
v C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
.
Cu 51: (H A 09) t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h cn va 17,92 lt kh O
2
(
ktc). Mt khc, nu cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH)
2
th to thnh dung dch c mu
xanh lam. Gi tr ca m v tn gi ca X tng ng l
A. 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol. B. 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol.
C. 4,9 v propan-1,3-iol. D. 4,9 v glixerol.
Cu 52 (D b 09) : Ru X, anehit Y, axit cacboxylic Z c cng s nguyn t H trong phn t, thuc cc dy ng
ng no n chc mch h. t hon ton hn hp 3 cht ny (c s mol bng nhau) thu c t l mol
CO
2
:H
2
O=11:12 . Vy cng thc phn t ca X, Y, Z l:
A. CH
4
O, C
2
H
4
O, C
2
H
4
O
2
B. C
2
H
6
O, C
3
H
6
O, C
3
H
6
O
2

C. C
3
H
8
O, C
4
H
8
O, C
4
H
8
O
2
D. C
4
H
10
O, C
5
H
10
O, C
5
H
10
O
2
Cu 53: Cho s chuyn ha:
C
3
H
6

2
dung dich Br
X
NaOH
Y
0
, CuO t
Z
2
, O xt
T
0
3
, , CH OH t xt
E (Este a chc).
Tn gi ca Y l
A. propan-1,3-iol. B. propan-1,2-iol. C. propan-2-ol. D. glixerol.
Cu 54: Tch nc hn hp gm ancol etylic v ancol Y ch to ra 2 anken. t chy cng s mol mi ancol
th lng nc sinh ra t ancol ny bng 5/3 ln lng nc sinh ra t ancol kia. Ancol Y l
A. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH(OH)-CH
3
. B. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH.
C. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH. D. CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
3
.
Cu 55: Kh nng phn ng th nguyn t clo bng nhm -OH ca cc cht c xp theo chiu tng dn t
tri sang phi l:
A. anlyl clorua, phenyl clorua, propyl clorua. B. phenyl clorua, anlyl clorua, propyl clorua.
C. anlyl clorua, propyl clorua, phenyl clorua. D. phenyl clorua, propyl clorua, anlyl clorua.
Cu 56: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO
3
(hoc Ag
2
O) trong dung dch NH
3,
un nng
thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc
cu to thu gn ca X l (cho Na = 23, Ag = 108)
A. HCHO. B. OHC-CHO. C. CH
3
CHO. D. CH
3
CH(OH)CHO
Cu 57: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO2 v c mol H
2
O (bit b = a + c).
Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. Anehit X l:
A. CH
2
= CHCHO B. OHC CH
2
CH
2
CHO

C. OHC CH = CHCHO D. CH
3
CH
2
-CH
2
CHO
Cu 58a:un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H
2
(xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ch
thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng
t Y thu c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H
2
c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l
anehit l:
A. CH
3
CH
2
CHO B. OHC CH
2
CH
2
CHO
Cu 58b:un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H
2
(xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ch
thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng
t Y thu c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H
2
c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l
anehit l:
A. CH
3
CH
2
CHO B. OHC CH
2
CH
2
CHO
C. CH
2
= CHCHO D. OHC CH =CH CHO
Cu 59: Cho s phn ng:

NH
3 X Y Z
Bit Z c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y v Z ln lt l:
A. C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO. B. CH
3
OH, HCOOH.
C. C
2
H
5
OH, HCHO. D. CH
3
OH, HCHO.
Cu 60: Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O v c cc tnh cht: X, Z u
phn ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H
2
nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm chc; cht
Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH
3
COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. C
2
H
5
CHO, CH
2
=CH-O-CH
3
, (CH
3
)
2
CO. B. (CH
3
)
2
CO, C
2
H
5
CHO, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH.
C. C
2
H
5
CHO, (CH
3
)
2
CO, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH. D. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH, C
2
H
5
CHO, (CH
3
)
2
CO.
Cu 61: t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO
2
. Cht X tc dng c vi Na,
tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br
2
theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH=CH-CHO. B. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH.
C. HO-CH
2
-CH=CH-CHO. D. HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHO.
Ch phn ng RCHO + Br
2
+ H
2
O => RCOOH + 2HBr khng phi l phn ng cng
Cu 62a: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
,
thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H
2
d (xc tc Ni, t
o
) th 0,125 mol X phn
ng ht vi 0,25 mol H
2
. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l
A. C
n
H
2n
(CHO)
2
(n 0). B. C
n
H
2n+1
CHO (n 0).
C. C
n
H
2n-1
CHO (n 2). D. C
n
H
2n-3
CHO (n 2).
Cu 62b: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
,
thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H
2
d (xc tc Ni, t
o
) th 0,125 mol X phn
ng ht vi 0,25 mol H
2
. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l
A. CH
3
CHO B. OHC CH
2
CH
2
CHO
C. OHC CH = CHCHO D. CH
3
- CH = CH CHO
Cu 63a: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn
hp X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Nu trung ha 0,3 mol X th cn dng 500 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M. Hai axit l:
A. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH. B. HCOOH, HOOC-CH
2
-COOH.
C. HCOOH, C
2
H
5
COOH. D. HCOOH, CH
3
COOH.
Cu 63b: Cho hn hp X gm hai andehit no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp X,
thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Nu oxi ha hon tn 0,3 mol X ,sau ly sn phm sinh ra trung ha th
cn dng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai andehit l:
A. HCHO, OHC-CHO. B. HCHO, OHC-CH
2
-CHO.
+ CH
3
I
(t l mol 1:1)
+ HONO + CuO
t
o

C. HCHO, C
2
H
5
CHO. D. HCHO, CH
3
CHO.
Ch : Nu - C COOH x th kt lun nhanh 2 axit l : HCOOH, HOOC-COOH.
- hay C CHO x th kt lun nhanh 2 andehit l : HCHO, OHC-CHO.
Cu 63c: Axit hu c X no sau y tho mn iu kin:
m (gam) X + NaHCO
3
to V lt kh CO
2
(P atm, t
0
C)
m (gam) X + O
2
chy hon ton to V lt kh CO
2
(P atm, t
0
C)
A. HCOOH B. (COOH)
2
C. CH
3
COOH D. p n A v B
Cu 63d: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. Ly 0,1 mol hn hp X tc dng
va vi 150 ml dd Na
2
SO
3
0,5 M .t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X cn 2,24 lit O
2
(kc) . Hai axit l:
A. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH. B. HCOOH, HOOC-CH
2
-COOH.
C. HCOOH, C
2
H
5
COOH. D. HCOOH, CH
3
COOH.
Cu 64: Cho s chuyn ho sau:
C
3
H
4
O
2
+ NaOH X + Y ; X + H
2
SO
4
long Z + T
Bit Y v Z u c phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y, Z tng ng l:
A. HCOONa, CH
3
CHO. B. HCHO, CH
3
CHO. C. HCHO, HCOOH. D. CH
3
CHO, HCOOH
Cu 65: Hai cht hu c X
1
v X
2
u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X
1
c kh nng phn ng vi:
Na, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
. X
2
phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca
X
1
, X
2
ln lt l:
A. CH
3
-COOH, CH
3
-COO-CH
3
. B. (CH
3
)
2
CH-OH, H-COO-CH
3
.
C. H-COO-CH
3
, CH
3
-COOH. D. CH
3
-COOH, H-COO-CH
3
.
Cu 66: Hai cht hu c X
1
v X
2
u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X
1
c mch phn nhnh,c
kh nng phn ng vi Na nhng khng phn ng NaOH .X
2
phn ng trng bc.Cng thc cu to ca X
1
,
X
2
ln lt l:
A. (CH
3
)
2
CH-COOH, CH
3
-COO-CH
3
. B. (CH
3
)
2
CH-OH, H-COO-CH
3
.
C. CH
3-CH
2
-
CH
2
-OH, H-COO-CH
3
.. D. (CH
3
)
2
CH-OH, CH
3
-COOH.
Cu 67: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na hoc vi
NaHCO
3
th u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l
A. etylen glicol. B. axit aipic. C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic
NaHCO
3
A. etylen glicol. B. axit aipic. C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit lactic
Cu 69: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na sinh ra a mol
kh. Mt khc a mol X phn ng va vi a NaOH . Cht X l
A. etylen glicol. B. axit malonic. C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit phtalic
NaHCO
3
th u sinh ra 2a mol kh. Cht X l
A. etylen glicol. B. axit phtalic. C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic
CaCO
3
A. etylen glicol. B. axit aipic. C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit o- salixilic
Cu 72a: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia
X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H
2
( ktc). t chy
hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO
2
. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z
trong hn hp X ln lt l
A. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 70,87%. B. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 54,88%.
C. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%. D. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%.
Cu 72b: Hn hp X gm adehit Y n chc v adehit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon).
Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt oxiha hon ton sau ly sn phm thu c tc dng

ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H
2
( ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO
2
. Cng thc
cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l
A. OHC-CH
2
-CHO v 70,87%. B. OHC-CH
2
-CHO v 54,88%.
C. OHC-CHO v 60,00%. D. OHC-CHO v 39,7%.
Cu 73: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O
2
. C X v Y u tc dng vi Na; X tc
dng c vi NaHCO
3
cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln
lt l
A. C
2
H
5
COOH v HCOOC
2
H
5
. B. HCOOC
2
H
5
v HOCH
2
COCH
3
.
C. HCOOC
2
H
5
v HOCH
2
CH
2
CHO. D. C
2
H
5
COOH v CH
3
CH(OH)CHO.
Cu 74: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
6
O
2
, khi thy phn trong mi trng axit thu c anehit axetic
(axetan ehit). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l.
a. CH
2
=CH-COO-CH
3
b. HCOOCH=CH-CH
3
c. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
d. HCOO-C(CH
3
)
2
=CH
2

Cu 75: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu c cht
rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO
3
(hoc Ag
2
O) trong dung dch NH
3
thu c cht hu c
T, Cho T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y. Cht X c th l.
a. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
b. HCOOCH=CH
2
c. H

COOCH
3
d. CH
3
COOCH=CH-CH
3
Cu 76: Thy phn este c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
(vi xc tc axit), thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v
Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l
A. ru metylic. B. etyl axetat. C. ru etylic. D. axit fomic.
Cu 77: Cho hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
10
N
2
O
2
tc dng va vi dung
dch NaOH v un nng thu c dung dch Y v 4,48 lt hn hp Z ( ktc) gm hai kh (u lm xanh giy
qu m). T khi hi ca Z i vi H
2
bng 13,75 .C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng mui khan l:
A. 16,5 gam B. 14,3 gam C. 8,9 gam D. 15,7 gam
Gi : 2 cht l: NH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COONH
4
v NH
2
CH
2
COONH
3
CH
3

Cu 78: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
6
O
4
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (un nng) theo
phng trnh phn ng: C
4
H
6
O
4
+ 2NaOH 2Z + Y. oxi ho ht a mol Y cn va 2a mol CuO nung
nng. Sau phn ng to thnh a mol cht T (bit Y, Z, T l cc hp cht hu c). Khi lng ca T l.
a. 58 b. 82 c. 44 d. 118
Cu 79: Hp cht hu c no, a chc X c cng thc phn t l C
7
H
12
O
4
. Cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi
100 gam dung dch NaOH 8% thu c cht hu c Y v 17,8 gam hn hp mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn
ca X l.
a. CH
3
COO-(CH
2
)
2
-OOCC
2
H
5
b. CH
3
OOC-(CH
2
)
2
-COOC
2
H
5

c. CH
3
OOC-CH
2
-COO-C
3
H
7
d. CH
3
COO-(CH
2
)
2
-COOC
2
H
5

Cu 80: Mt hn hp X gm hai cht hu c n chc. Cho X phn ng va vi 500 ml dung dch KOH
1M. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp Y gm hai mui ca hai axit cacboxylic v mt ru (ancol). Cho ton
b lng ru thu c trn tc dng vi Na (d), sinh ra 3,36 lit H
2
(ktc). Hn hp X gm.
a. mt este v mt ru b. mt axit v mt este c. mt axit v mt ru d. hai este.
Cu 81: X phng ho mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C
10
H
14
O
6
trong dung dch NaOH (d), thu
c glixerol v hn hp gm ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc ca ba mui l:
a. CH
3
-COONa, HCOONa v CH
3
-CH=CH-COONa.
b. CH
2
=CH-COONa, CH
3
-CH
2
-COONa v HCOONa.
c. HCOONa, CHC-COONa v CH
3
-CH
2
-COONa.
d. CH
2
=CH-COONa, HCOONa v CHC-COONa.
Cu 82: X phng ho hon ton 1,99 gam hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2,05 gam mui
ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hn hp hai ancol l ng ng k tip nhau. Cng thc ca
hai este l
a. HCOOCH
3
v HCOOC
2
H
5
. b.CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOC
3
H
7
.
c. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
. d. CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
Cu 83: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
5
H
8
O
2
. Cho 5 gam X tc dng va ht vi dung dch NaOH,
thu c mt hp cht hu c khng lm mt mu nc brom v 3,4 gam mt mui. Cng thc ca X l
a. CH
3
COOC(CH
3
)=CH
2
. b. HCOOCH=CHCH
2
CH
3
.

c. HCOOCH
2
CH=CHCH
3
. d. HCOOC(CH
3
)=CHCH
3
.
Cu 84: Thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol este thun chc cn dng va 100g dd NaOH 12% ,thu c 20,4
gam mui ca mt axit hu c v 9,2 g mt ancol.Cng thc ca este l:
A. (CH
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
B. (HCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
C. (C
2
H
5
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
D. (HCOO)
2
C
2
H
4
Cu 85: Cho 21,8 gam cht hu c A ch cha mt loi nhm chc tc dng vi 1 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M
thu c 24,6 gam mui v 0,1 mol ru B. Lng NaOH d c th trung ha ht 0,5 lt dung dch HCl 0,4M.
Cho bit cng thc cu to thu gn ca A?
A. (CH
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
B. (HCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
C. (C
2
H
5
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
D.(C
2
H
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
Cu 86: Cho X l hp cht thm; a mol X phn ng va ht vi 2a lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc,

nu cho a mol X phn ng vi Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c a/2 mol kh H
2 .
Cng thc cu to thu gn
ca X l a. HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH. b. CH
3
-C
6
H
3
(OH)
2
.
c. HO-C
6
H
4
-COOH. d. HO-C
6
H
4
-COOCH
3
.
nu cho a mol X phn ng vi Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c a/2 mol kh H
2 .
Cng thc cu to thu gn
ca X l a. HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH. b. CH
3
-C
6
H
3
(OH)
2
.
c. HO-C
6
H
4
-COOH. d. HO-C
6
H
4
-COOCH
3
.
nu cho a mol X phn ng vi NaHCO
3
(d) th sau phn ng thu c 22,4a lt kh

( ktc). Cng thc cu
to thu gn ca X l
a. HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH. b. CH
3
-C
6
H
3
(OH)
2
. c. HO-C
6
H
4
-COOH. d. HO-C
6
H
4
-COOCH
3
Cu 89: Cho cc hp cht hu c:
(1) ankan; (2) ancol no, n chc, mch h
(3) xicloankan; (4) ete no, n chc, mch h;
(5) anken; (6) ancol khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), mch h;
(7) ankin; (8) anehit v este no, n chc, mch h;
(9) axit no, n chc, mch h; (10) axit khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), n chc.
Dy gm cc cht khi t chy hon ton u cho s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O l:
A. (1), (3), (5), (6), (8). B. (3), (4), (6), (7), (10).
C. (3), (5), (6), (8), (9). D. (2), (3), (5), (7), (9).
Cu 90: Cht X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
7
O
2
N v lm mt mu dung dch brom. Tn gi ca X l
A. metyl aminoaxetat. B. axit -aminopropionic. C. axit -aminopropionic. D. amoni acrylat.
Cu 91: Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c n chc, mch h X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
9
O
2
N tc dng va
vi dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c kh Y v dung dch Z. C cn Z thu c 1,64 gam mui khan. Cng
thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCOONH
3
CH
2
CH
3
. B. CH
3
COONH
3
CH
3
. C. CH
3
CH
2
COONH
4
. D. HCOONH
2
(CH
3
)
2
.
Cu 92: Thu phn hon ton 0,2 mol mt este E cn dng va 100 gam dung dch NaOH 24%, thu c
mt ancol v 43,6 gam hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic. Hai axit l
A. HCOOH v CH
3
COOH B. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
3
H
7
COOH D. HCOOH v C
2
H
5
COOH
Cu 93 : Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C
6
H
10
O
4
. Thy phn X to ra hai ancol n chc
c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhau. Cng thc ca X l
A. CH
3
OCO-CH
2
-COOC
2
H
5
. B. C
2
H
5
OCO-COOCH
3
.
C. CH
3
OCO-COOC
3
H
7
. D. CH
3
OCO-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOC
2
H
5
.
Cu 94: Thu phn este Z trong mi trng axit thu c hai cht hu c X v Y (M
X
< M
Y
). Bng mt phn
ng c th chuyn ho X thnh Y. Cht Z khng th l
A. metyl propionat B. metyl axetat C. etyl axetat D. vinyl axetat
Cu 95: Thu phn cht hu c X trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng, thu c sn phm gm 2 mui v
ancol etylic. Cht X l
A. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
Cl. B. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
.
C. ClCH
2
COOC
2
H
5
. D. CH
3
COOCH(Cl)CH
3
.
Cu 96: Hp cht hu c C
4
H
7
O
2
Cl khi thy phn trong mi trng kim c cc sn phm trong c hai
cht c kh nng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ng l:

A. HCOO-CH
2
-CHCl-CH
3
B. CH
3
COO-CH
2
Cl
C. C
2
H
5
COO-CH
2
-CH
3
D. HCOOCHCl-CH
2
-CH
3

Cu 97: C 2 hp cht hu c (X), (Y) cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, khi lng phn t u bng 74. Bit (X)
tc dng c vi Na, c (X), (Y) u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch AgNO
3
tan trong
NH
3
. Vy X, Y c th l:
A. C
4
H
9
OH v HCOOC
2
H
5
B. CH
3
COOCH
3
v HOC
2
H
4
CHO
C. OHC-COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH D. OHC-COOH v HCOOC
2
H
5

Cu 98:Hai este A, B l dn xut ca benzen c cng thc phn t l C
9
H
8
O
2
; A v B u cng hp vi brom
theo t l mol l 1 : 1. A tc dng vi xt cho mt mui v mt anehit. B tc ng vi xt d cho 2 mui v
nc, cc mui c khi lng phn t ln hn khi lng phn t ca natri axetat. Cng thc cu to ca A v
B c th l:
A. HOOC-C
6
H
4
-CH=CH
2
v CH
2
=CH-COOC
6
H
5
B. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
v C
6
H
5
-CH=CH-COOH

C. HCOOC
6
H
4
CH=CH
2
v HCOOCH=CH-C
6
H
5
D. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
v CH
2
=CH-COOC
6
H
5

Cu 99: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp 2 este, cho sn phm phn ng chy qua bnh ng P
2
O
5
d,
khi lng bnh tng thm 6,21 gam, sau cho qua tip dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, thu c 34,5 gam kt ta.
Cc este trn thuc loi g? (n chc hay a chc, no hay khng no).
A. Este thuc loi no B. Este thuc loi khng no
C. Este thuc loi no, n chc D. Este thuc loi khng no a chc .
Cu 100: Cho hn hp M gm 2 hp cht hu c mch thng X, Y (ch cha C, H, O) tc dng va vi 8
gam NaOH thu c mt ru n chc v hai mui ca hai axit hu c n chc k tip nhau trong dy
ng ng. Lng ru thu c cho tc dng vi Na d to ra 2,24 lt kh (ktc). X, Y thuc loi hp cht
g? A. axit B. 1 axit v 1 este
C. 2 este D. 1 ru v 1 axit .
Cu 101: X c cng thc phn t C
4
H
6
O
2
, mch h. X c th l:
A. axit hay este cha no c 1 lin kt mch cacbon. B. anehit 2 chc no.
C. ru 2 chc c 2 lin kt . D. Tt c u ng.
Cu 102 : Ba hp cht thm X, Y, Z u c cng thc phn t C
7
H
8
O. X tc dng vi Na v NaOH; Y tc
dng vi Na, khng tc dng NaOH; Z khng tc dng vi Na v NaOH Cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z ln
lt l: A. C
6
H
4
(CH
3
)OH, C
6
H
5
OCH
3
, C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH B. C
6
H
4
(CH
3
)OH, C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH, C
6
H
5
OCH
3

C. C
6
H
5
OCH
3
, C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH, C
6
H
4
(CH
3
)OH D. C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH, C
6
H
5
OCH
3
, C
6
H
4
(CH
3
)OH
Cu 103: Hai cht hu c X, Y (cha C, H, O) l ng phn nhau; u n chc, cng thc phn t cha
34,78% O v khi lng. Nhit si ca A l 78,3
o
C; ca B l -23,6
o
C. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt
l: A. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
3
OCH
3
B. CH
3
CH
2
COOH v CH
3
COOCH
3

C. CH
3
CH
2
COOH v HCOOCH
2
CH
3
D. CH
3
CH
2
CHO v CH
3
COCH
3

Cu 104: un nng hn hp hai ru mch h vi H
2
SO
4
c c hn hp cc ete. Ly X l mt trong cc
ete em t chy hon ton th ta c t l: n
X
: n
O2
: n
CO2
: n
H2O
= 0,25 : 1,375 : 1 : 1 .
Tm cng thc cu to thu gn ca hai ru.
A. C
2
H
5
OH v CH
3
OH B. C
3
H
7
OH v CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH
C. C
2
H
5
OH v CH
2
=CH-OH D. CH
3
OH v CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH
Cu 105: Mt hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
4
H
6
O
2
v ch c mt loi nhm chc. T X v cc
cht v c cn thit, bng 3 phn ng lin tip c th iu ch c cao su Buna. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. HOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHO B. HO-CH
2
-CC-CH
2
-OH
C. CH
3
-CO-CO-CH
3
D. C A, B, C u ng
Cu 106: Xt cc loi hp cht hu c mch h sau: Ru n chc, no (X); Anehit n chc, no (Y);
Ru n chc, khng no 1 ni i (Z); Anehit n chc, khng no 1 ni i (T). ng vi cng thc tng
qut C
n
H
2n
O ch c 2 cht sau:
A. X v Y B. Y v Z C. Z v T D. X v T
Cu 107: Hp cht hu c X khi un nh vi dung dch AgNO
3
/ NH
3
(dng d) thu c sn phm Y; Y tc
dng vi dung dch HCl hoc dung dch NaOH u cho 2 kh v c. X l:
A. HCHO B. HCOOH C. HCOONH
4
D. C A, B, C u ng
Cu 108: Cc hp cht hu c mch h ch cha cc nguyn t cacbon, hiro v oxi l X, Y, Z, T u c khi
lng phn t bng 60 vC. Cht X khng tc dng c vi Na v dung dch NaOH, khng tham gia phn
ng trng gng. Cc cht Y, Z, T tc dng c vi Na gii phng H
2
. Khi oxi ho Y (c xc tc) s to

thnh sn phm c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Cht Z tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH. Cht
T c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z, T ln lt l:
A. CH
3
OC
2
H
5
, CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH, CH
3
COOH, HOCH
2
CHO
B. CH
3
OC
2
H
5
, CH
3
CH(CH
3
)OH, CH
3
COOH, HOCH
2
CHO
C. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH, CH
3
OC
2
H
5
, HOCH
2
CHO, CH
3
COOH
D. HOCH
2
CHO, CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH, CH
3
COOH, CH
3
OC
2
H
5
Cu 109: Hai cht hu c X v Y c cng cng thc C
4
H
6
O
2
. X c cu to phn nhnh, phn ng c vi
Na
2
CO
3
to kh. Y phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, khng tc dng c vi Na. Sn phm thy phn Y cho
phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y l:
A. HOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHO v CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
B. CH
3
CH=CH-COOH v HCOOCH
2
CH=CH
2

C. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-COOH v HCOOCH
2
CH=CH
2
D. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOH v CH
3
COOCH=CH
2

Cu 110: X l mt dn xut ca benzen c cng thc phn t l C
7
H
9
NO
2
. Khi cho 1 mol X tc dng va
vi NaOH, em c cn thu c mt mui khan c khi lng 144g. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X.
A. CH
3
COOC
6
H
4
NH
2
B. HOOCC
6
H
4
NH
2
C. HCOOC
6
H
4
NO
2
D. C
6
H
5
COONH
4
Cu 111a: Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C
7
H
8
O
2
, tc dng c vi
Na v vi NaOH. Bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi Na d, s mol H
2
thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn
ng v X ch tc dng c vi NaOH theo t l s mol 1:1. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. C
6
H
5
CH(OH)
2
. B. HOC
6
H
4
CH
2
OH. C. CH
3
C
6
H
3
(OH)
2
. D. CH
3
OC
6
H
4
OH.
Cu 111b: Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C
7
H
8
O
2
.Cho X tc dng vi
Na v vi NaOH th s mol H
2
thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng v bng s mol NaOH p.C bao
nhiu cng thc cu to ca X tha mn bi:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 112a: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O
2
. C X v Y u tc dng vi Na; X
tc dng c vi NaHCO
3
cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln
lt l A. C
2
H
5
COOH v HCOOC
2
H
5
. B. HCOOC
2
H
5
v HOCH
2
COCH
3
.
C. HCOOC
2
H
5
v HOCH
2
CH
2
CHO. D. C
2
H
5
COOH v CH
3
CH(OH)CHO.
Cu 112b: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O
2
. Bit X tc dng vi dd NaOH
nhng khng tc dng c vi NaHCO
3
,
cn Y khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc
cu to ca X v Y ln lt l
A. C
2
H
5
COOH v HCOOC
2
H
5
. B. HCOOC
2
H
5
v HOCH
2
COCH
3
.
C. HCOOC
2
H
5
v HOCH
2
CH
2
CHO. D. C
2
H
5
COOH v CH
3
CH(OH)CHO.
Cu 113: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
6
O
2,
khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu c axetanehit.
Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l
A. CH
2
=CH-COO-CH
3
. B. HCOO-CH=CH-CH
3
. C. CH
3
COO-CH=CH
2
. D. HCOO-C(CH
3
)=CH
2
Cu 114: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch brom nhng khng tc dng vi
dung dch NaHCO
3
. Tn gi ca X l
A. anilin. B. phenol. C. axit acrylic. D. metyl axetat.
Cu 115: Cho 0,1 mol este A vo 50 gam dd NaOH 10% un nng n khi este phn ng hon ton (cc cht
bay hi khng ng k). Dung dch thu c c khi lng 58,6 gam. C cn dung dch thu c 10,4 gam
cht rn khan. CTCT ca A l:
A. HCOOCH = CH
2
B. CH
2
= CHCOOCH
3
C. HCOOCH
2
CH = CH
2
D. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
Cu 116: Cho 13.8 gam axit A tc dng vi 16.8 gam KOH , c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 26.46 gam cht
rn. cng thc cu to thu gn ca A l:
A. C
3
H
6
COOH B. C
2
H
5
COOH C. CH
3
COOH D. HCOOH
Cu 117: Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C
3
H
7
NO
2
. Khi phn ng vi dung dch
NaOH, X to ra H
2
NCH
2
COONa v cht hu c Z; cn Y to ra CH
2
=CHCOONa v kh T. Cc cht Z v T
ln lt l A. CH
3
NH
2
v NH
3
. B. C
2
H
5
OH v N
2
. C. CH
3
OH v CH
3
NH
2
. D. CH
3
OH v NH
3
.
Cu 118: Cht X c cng thc phn t C
4
H
9
O
2
N Bit:
X + NaOH Y + CH
4
O ; Y + HCl (d) Z + NaCl
Cng thc cu to ca X v Z ln lt l

A. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
COOCH
3
v CH
3
CH(NH
3
Cl)COOH. B. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOCH
3
v CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH.
B. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOCH
3
v CH
3
CH(NH
3
Cl)COOH. C. H
2
NCH
2
COOC
2
H
5
v ClH
3
NCH
2
COOH.
Ti liu c thy bin son da trn c s thi H-C cc nm.Nhm gip cc em c nhn nhn
su sc v cc th thut, cc mo tnh ton ,quan h gia cu to v tnh cht ca cc cht qua rt
ngn thi gian trong khi gii .
Cc em nn nh rng ''Phng php l thy ca cc thy" . Chc cc em c mt ma thi gt hi nhng
thnh cng !

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