1063 Thiet Ke Va Mo Phong Thang May Voi PLC s7-300 TMP

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.
com
Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi
I. Mc lc Mc lc.....................................................................................................................1 Chng I: Nghin cu phn tch cu trc thang my..................................................2 I. i!i thi"u thang my.............................................................................................2 II. #hn l$%i thang my............................................................................................& 1. #hn l$%i th'$ chc n(ng................................................................................& 2. #hn l$%i th'$ t)c *+ ,-ch chuy.n................................................................../ 0. #hn l$%i th'$ t1i tr2ng.................................................................................../ 3. #hn l$%i th'$ 4- tr *5t 6+ 78$ t9i................................................................../ &. :h'$ h" th)ng 4;n h<nh................................................................................./ III. :rang thi=t 6- c 7h c>a thang my....................................................................? 1. :@ng th. c 7h thang my.............................................................................? 2. :hi=t 6- lAp *5t tr$ng 6uBng my ...................................................................? 0. :hi=t 6- lAp tr$ng gi=ng thang my.................................................................C 3. :hi=t 6- lAp *5t tr$ng h) gi=ng thang my......................................................C &. Cc thi=t 6- c) *-nh tr$ng gi=ng thang..........................................................1D &.1 Eay ,Fn h!ng..........................................................................................1D &.2 i1m chn...............................................................................................1D /. Ca6in 4< cc thi=t 6- lin Guan......................................................................1D /.1 Hhung ca6in............................................................................................1D /.2 Ng<m ,Fn h!ng.......................................................................................1D /.0 I" th)ng tr'$ ca 6in................................................................................1D /.3 JuBng ca6in..........................................................................................11 /.& I" th)ng cKa ca6in 4< cKa tLng.............................................................11 ?. I" th)ng cn 6Mng tr$ng thang my..............................................................11 ?.1 N)i tr2ng.................................................................................................11 ?.2 Och 4< cp cn 6Mng...............................................................................12 ?.0 Cp nng..................................................................................................12 ?.3 J+ 78$ t9i................................................................................................12 P. :hi=t 6- an t$<n c 7h..................................................................................10 P.1 #hanh hQm *i"n tR : ................................................................................10 P.2 #hanh 61$ hi.m : ................................................................................10 C. C1m 6i=n 4- tr...............................................................................................13 IS. I" th)ng m%ch *i"n c>a thang my..................................................................1/ 1. M%ch *+ng lTc:............................................................................................1/ 2. M%ch *iUu 7hi.n:..........................................................................................1/ 0. M%ch tn hi"u:..............................................................................................1? 3. M%ch chi=u Vng: ........................................................................................1? &. M%ch an t$<n:...............................................................................................1? Chng II: 7h1$ Vt *5c tnh c>a thang my 4< cc yu cLu *iUu 7hi.n...................1? a. Hh1$ Vt *5c *i.m c>a thang...............................................................................1? 6. :nh ch2n cWng Vut *+ng c chuyUn *+ng thang my ......................................21 c. Cc h" truyUn *+ng ,Xng tr$ng thang my..........................................................2& ,. N5c *i.m *5c trng ch$ ch= *+ l<m 4i"c c>a h" truyUn *+ng thang my..............2/ '. 1nh hYng c>a t)c *+Z gia t)c 4< *+ gi;t *)i 4!i h" truyUn *+ng thang my.........2? [. \Rng chnh ]c 6uBng thang...............................................................................2P g. h" 6i=n tLn *+ng c 4< h" th)ng *iUu 7hi.n p^c................................................02
Svth: Don Hong Mai 1 Lp: Trang b in-in t K44
n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com
1. V *B 7h)i c>a h" 6i=n tLn *+ng c .............................................................00 2. i!i thi"u 4U 6i=n tLn 0g0m4 c>a $mr$n......................................................00 1.1 N5t 4n *U................................................................................................00 1.2 :@ng Guan 4U 6i=n tLn 0 0MS 4< chc n(ng h$%t *+ng.......................03 2........................................................................................................................0& 2.1 .................................................................................................................0& chng III: ]y ,Tng h" th)ng *iUu 7hi.n 4< l;p tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n thang my...........0& I. #hng php mW t1 m%ch tr_nh tT............................................................................0& II. :@ng h`p m%ch tr_nh tT........................................................................................0? III. Oy ,Tng cc 7h)i chc n(ng chnh c>a thang...................................................0P 1. Oc *-nh cc yu cLu phc 4 4< lu gia cc yu cLu *b...............................0C 2. 6a 6uBng thang...........................................0C 0. Ja 6uBng thangc*ang nng hay *ang h%d.......................................................................................................................0C 3. Nng h% 6uBng thang...................................................................................0C &. NiUu 7hi.n ,Rng 6uBng thang......................................................................0C /. Jei t$n *bng mY cKa...................................................................................32 ?. J<i t$n *iUu 7hi.n *fn 4< Gu%t 6uBng thang................................................3& P. J<i t$n ]K lg cc VT c) ]1y ra *)i 4!i thang................................................3& IS. #^C ...................................................................................................................3& 2.2 V *B t@ng Gut c>a #^C..........................................................................3/ 2.0 Cu trc 6+ nh! c>a C#h.........................................................................3C 2.3 Sing Gu8t chng tr_nh..........................................................................&1 2.3 Hj thu;t l;p tr_nh......................................................................................&2 2.& NgWn nga l;p tr_nh..................................................................................&& chng IS: ]y ,Tng mW h_nh mW phkng thang my................................................&/ I. Oc *-nh cc 4n *U Vl mW phkng.........................................................................&/ II. Oy ,Tng 7=t cu ch$ mW h_nh mW phkng............................................................&/ III. Oy ,Tng 7= h$%ch mW phkng 4< 7i.m nghi"m trn thTc t=..............................&/
Chng I: Nghin cu phn tch cu trc thang my

I. Gii thiu thang my :hang my l< thi=t 6- 4;n t1i ,Xng *. chY ng9i 4< h<ng h$ th'$ phng thmng *ng h$5c nghing m+t gbc nhk hn 1&D V$ 4!i phng thmng *ng th'$ m+t tuy=n *Q *-nh Vnn.:hang my 4< my nng *`c VK ,ng r+ng rQi tr$ng cc ng<nh V1n ]ut c>a nUn 7inh t= Gu)c ,n nh tr$ng ng<nh 7hai thc hLm mkZtr$ng ng<nh ]y ,TngZluy"n
7imZcWng nghi"p nhopY nhang ni *b thang my 4< my nng *`c VK ,ng *. 4;n chuy.n h<ng h$ZV1n phqmZ*a cWng nhn t!i ni l<m 4i"c cb *+ ca$ 7hc nhaupNb *Q thay th= ch$ Vc lTc c>a c$n ng9i 4< mang l%i n(ng Vut ca$.I_nh ,ng t@ng th. c>a thang my *`c gi!i thi"u t%i h_nh 1.
I_nh 1.1 : h_nh ,ng t@ng th. c>a thang my :r$ng Vinh h$%t ,n ,ngZthang my *`c lAp *5t 4< VK ,ng r+ng rQi tr$ng cc t$< nh< ca$ tLngZtr$ng cc 7hch V%nZViu th-ZcWng VY 4< tr$ng cc 6"nh 4i"np.I" th)ng thang my *Q gip c$n ng9i ti=t 7i"m *`c nhiUu th9i gian 4< Vc lTcp
NhiUu Gu)c gia trn th= gi!i *Q Guy *-nh *)i 4!i cc t$< nh< ca$ trn / tLng trY ln
ph1i *`c trang 6- thang my *. *1m 61$ ch$ ng9i *i l%i thu;n ti"nZti=t 7i"m th9i gian 4< t(ng n(ng Vut la$ *+ng. i th<nh c>a thang my trang 6- ch$ cWng tr_nh V$ 4!i t@ng gi th<nh cWng tr_nh chi=m 7h$1ng /r *=n ?r l< h`p lg. Si"t Nam tr!c *y thang my ch> y=u *`c VK ,ng tr$ng cc ng<nh cWng nghi"p *. chY h<ng h$ 4< t *`c ph@ 6i=n.Nhng tr$ng giai *$%n hi"n nay 4!i VT pht tri.n m%nh ml c>a nUn 7inh t= Gu)c ,n 4< *9i V)ng nhn ,n ng<y c<ng nng ca$Z4i"c VK ,ng thang my tr$ng m2i lsnh 4Tc ng<y c<ng t(ng ln. #h t1i c>a thang my thay *@i tr$ng m+t ph%m 4i rt r+ng Znb ph thu+c 4<$ l`ng h<nh 7hc *i l%i tr$ng m+t ng<y *m 4< h!ng 4;n chuy.n h<nh 7hch.Nh thang my lAp *5t tr$ng nh< h<nh chnhZ6u@i Vng *Lu gi9 l<m 4i"c h<nh 7hch *i nhiUu th'$ chiUu ln.cin 6u@i chiUu Zcu)i gi9 l<m 4i"cZh<nh 7hch Vl *i th'$ chiUu ]u)ng nhiUu. :hang my l< m+t thi=t 6- 4;n chuy.n *ii hki tnh an t$<n nghim ng5t Znb lin Guan trTc ti=p *=n t m+t cch nghim ng5t cc yu cLu 7j thu;t an t$<n *`c Guy *-nh tr$ng cc tiu chuqnZ Guy tr_nhZ Guy ph%m. :hang my cht cb ca6in *op ZVang tr2ngZthWng th$ng Z m ,-u th_ cha *> *iUu 7i"n *. *a 4<$ VK ,ng m< cin ph1i *Ly *> cc thi=t 6- an t$<nZ *1m 61$ *+ tin c;y nh: *i"n chi=u Vng ,T phing 7hi mt *i"nZ*i"n th$%i n+i 6+cint'rph$n'dZ chuWng 6$Z6+ hQm 61$ hi.mZ an t$<n ca6inc*)i tr2ngdZ cWng tAc an t$<n c>a cKa ca6inZ7h$ an t$<n cKa tLngZ 6+ cu h+ 7hi mt nguBn *i"np ^Ta ch2n thang my 7hWng cht *n thuLn ]'m ]8t cc 4n *U 7j thu;t m< cin ph1i ]'m ]8t c1 cc y=u t) 7inh t= .Ii.n nhin c<ng nhiUu thang my cb t1i *-nh mc l!nZt)c *+ *-nh mc ca$Zh" *iUu 7hi.n c<ng hi"n *%i th_ c<ng t%$ *iUu 7i"n thu;n lì ch$ 7hch h<ng VK ,ng cung nh rt ngAn th9i gian ch9 *ìZgi1m th9i gian *i t)c *+ *-nh mcZm+t m5t *ii hki 4)n *Lu t ch$ thang l!nZm5t 7hc l<m t(ng ,i"n tch chi=m chvZt(ng chi ph ]y ,Tng ch$ gi=ng thangpNh 4;y *iUu 7i"n thu;n lì ch$ h<nh 7hch 4< 4)n *Lu t luWn l< hai cht tiu tw l" ngh-ch 4!i nhau.xu tr_nh lTa ch2n thang my chnh l< Gu tr_nh ]c *-nh V) thangZtnh n(ng 7j thu;t c>a thang ct1i Zt)c *+ *-nh mcZphng php *iUu 7hi.npdZcc 7ch th!c c 61n c>a thang 4< 4- tr *5t
Svth: Don Hong Mai
Lp: Trang b in-in t K44
thang phX h`p 4!i *5c *i.m Zmc *ch VK ,ng c>a t$< nh< 4!i 4)n *Lu t chp nh;n *y `c. N)i 4!i nh< VK ,ng nhiUu thangZ 6n c%nh 4i"c ch2n tnh n(ng 7j thu;t cin ph1i 6) tr chng th<nh nhbm Va$ ch$ h`p lg *. t;n ,ng n(ng Vut t)i u c>a thang cung nh t%$ thu;n lì ch$ 7hch. N)i 4!i cc t$< nh< ca$ tLng cb l`ng h<nh 7hch cLn 4;n chuy.n l!n ng9i ta th9ng chi thang my ra l<m cc nhbm ring phc 4 cc th<nh phLn 7hc nhau th'$ chiUu ca$ c>a t$< nh<.Cc thang my Y cc nhbm 7hc nhau cb th. cb tnh n(ng 7j thu;t 7hc nhauZth9ng cc thang phc 4 ch$ cc tLng ca$ cb t1I 4< t)c *+ *-nh mc l!n hn cc thang phc 4 phLn thp hn. II. Phn loi thang my :uz thu+c 4<$ tnh chtZchc n(ng c>a thang my.:hang my cb th. phn l$%i th<nh rt nhiUu l$%i tuz thu+c 4<$ cc tnh cht.4 , nh phn l$%i th'$ h" ,Fn *+ng ca6inZth'$ 4- tr *5t 6+ 78$ t9iZth'$ h" th)ng 4;n h<nhZth'$ cWng ,ngp.,!i *y l< m+t V) phn l$%i:
1. #hn l$%i th'$ chc n(ng

{ :hang my chY ng9i ia t)c ch$ ph8p *`c Guy *-nh th'$ c1m gic c>a h<nh 7hch : ia t)c t)i u l< a| 2m}V2 :hang my ,Xng tr$ng cc t$< nh< ca$ tLng : l$%i n<y cb t)c *+ trung 6_nh h$5c l!nZ*ii hki 4;n h<nh mZan t$<n 4< cb tnh mj thu;tp :hang my ,Xng tr$ng 6"nh 4i"n:#h1i *1m 61$ rt an t$<nZVT t)i u 4U *+ m 7hi ,-ch chuy.nZth9i gian ,-ch chuy.n Ztnh u tin *ng th'$ cc yu cLu c>a 6"nh 4i"n.. :hang my ,Xng tr$ng cc hLm mk Z] nghi"p:Np ng *`c cc *iUu *`c cc *iUu 7i"n l<m 4i"c n5ng nU tr$ng cWng nghi"p nh tc *+ng c>a mWI tr9ng l<m 4i"c:*+ qmZnhi"t *+Zth9i gian l<m 4i"cZVT (n minp { :hang my chY h<ng N`c VK ,ng r+ng rQi tr$ng cWng nghi"pZtr$ng 7inh ,$anhpNb *ii hki ca$ 4U 4i"c ,Rng chnh ]c 6uBng thang my *1m 61$ ch$ 4i"c 4;n chuy.n h<ng h$ ln ]u)ng thang my *`c ,~ ,<ng thu;n ti"np
Svth: Don Hong Mai
2. #hn l$%i th'$ t)c *+ ,-ch chuy.n.

:hang my t)c *+ thp : 4 | 1 m}V :hang my t)c *+ trung 6_nh: 4 1 2Z& m}V. :h9ng ,Xng ch$ cc nh< cb V) tLng tR / 12 tLng. :hang my t)c *+ ca$:4 2Z& 3 m}V. :h9ng ,Xng ch$ cc nh< cb V) tLng mt 1/ tLng. :hang my t)c *+ rt ca$ciu t)cd : 4 &m}V. :h9ng ,Xng tr$ng cc t$< thp ca$ tLng. :hang my l$%i nhk :x | &DD Hg.Iay ,Xng tr$ng th 4i"nZtr$ng cc nh< h<ng (n u)ng *. 4;n chuy.n Vch h$5c thTc phqm :hang my l$%i trung 6_nh : x &DD 1DDD Hg. :hang my l$%i l!n : x 1DDD 1/DD 7g. :hang my l$%i rt l!n x 1/DD Hg.
0. #hn l$%i th'$ t1i tr2ng

3. #hn l$%i th'$ 4- tr *5t 6+ 78$ t9i

*)i 4!i thang my *i"n :hang my cb 6+ 78$ t9i *5t pha trn gi=ng thang. :hang my cb 6+ t9i 78$ *5t ,!i gi=ng thang . *)i 4!i thang my ,Fn *+ng ca6in ln ]u)ng 6Mng 6nh r(ng thanh r(ng th_ 6+ t9i ,Fn *+ng *5t ngay trn nbc ca6in. N)i 4!i thang my thuw lTc : JuBng *5t t%i tng tr"t .
&. :h'$ h" th)ng 4;n h<nh.

ad :h'$ mc ,i tT *+ng : { l$%i nKa tT *+ng { l$%i tT *+ng 6 d th'$ t@ h`p *iUu 7hi.n : { *iUu 7hi.n *n { *iUu 7hi.n 78p { *iUu 7hi.n th'$ nhbm c d th'$ 4- tr *iUu 7hi.n : { *iUu 7hi.n tr$ng ca6in { *iUu 7hi.n ng$a thang my gBm cb : 6uBng thang Zt9i nngZ cp tr'$
1. :@ng th. c 7h thang my

6uBng thangZ *)i tr2ngZ *+ng c truyUn *+ngZ phanh hQm *i"n tR 4< cc thi=t 6- *iUu 7hi.n 7hc. :t c1 cc thi=t 6- c>a thang my *`c tr$ng gi=ng 6uBng thang c7h$1ng 7hWng gian tR trLn c>a tLng ca$ nht *=n mc Vu nht c>a tLng 1dZ tr$ng 6uBng my ctrn V<n tLng ca$ nht d 4< h) 6uBng thang c,!i mc V<n tLng 1d. J) tr c thi=t 6- c>a m+t thang my *`c 6i.u ,i~n trn h_nh 1.2. Cc thi=t 6- thang gBm cb : 1. N+ng c *i"n 2. #uli 0. Cp tr'$ 3. J+ h%n ch= t)c *+ &.JuBng thang /. :hanh ,Fn h!ng ?. I" th)ng *)i tr2ng P. :r c) *-nh C. #uli ,Fn h!ng 1D. cp lin *+ng 11. Cp cp *i"n 12. N+ng c *bng mY cKa 6uBng thang.
2. :hi=t 6- lAp *5t tr$ng 6uBng my

{ C cu nng :r$ng 6uBng my lAp *5t h" th)ng t9i nng h% 6uBng thang cc cu nngd 1 ctrn h_nh 1.2d t%$ ra lTc 78$ chuy.n *+ng 6uBng thang 4< *)i tr2ng. C cu nng gBm cb cc 6+ ph;n Vau : 6+ ph;n 78$ cp cpuli h$5c tang Gun cp dZ h+p gi1m t)c *+Z phanh hQm *i"n tR 4< *+ng c truyUn *+ng. :t c1 cc 6+ ph;n trn *`c lAp *5t trn tm *= 6Mng th8p. :r$ng thang my th9ng ,Xng hai c cu nng ch_nh 1.0d :
y y
c cu nng cb h+p t)c *+ ch_nh 1.0 ad c cu nng 7hWng ,Xng h+p t)c *+ ch_nh 1.0 6d.
C cu nng 7hWng cb h+p t)c *+ th9ng *`c VK ,ng tr$ng cc thang my t)c *+ ca$. { :> *i"n : tr$ng t> *i"n lAp rp cLu ,a$ t@ngZ cLu ch_ cc l$%iZ cWng tAc t 4< cc l$%i rl' trung gian.
{ #uli ,Fn h!ng 2 ch_nh 1.2d.
H_nh 1.2 :cc thi=t 6- c 7h lAp tr$ng thang.
{ J+ ph;n h%n ch= t)c *+ 3 ch_nh 1.2d l<m 4i"c ph)i h`p 4!i phanh 6$1 hi.m 6Mng cp lin *+ng 1D *. h%n ch= t)c *+ ,i chuy.n c>a 6uBng thang
0. :hi=t 6- lAp tr$ng gi=ng thang my

{ JuBng thang : :r$ng Gu tr_nh l<m 4i"cZ 6uBng thang & ch_nh 1.2d ,i chuy.n tr$ng gi=ng thang my ,2c th'$ cc thanh ,Fn h!ng / ch_nh 1.2d. :rn nbc 6uBng thang cb lAp *5t phanh 61$ hi.mZ *+ng c truyUn *+ng *bng y mY cKa 6uBng thang 12 ch_nh 1.2d. :r$ng 6uWng thang lAp *5t h" th)ng nt 6m *iUu 7hi.nZ h" th)ng *fn 6$Z *fn chi=u Vng 6uBng thangZ cWng tAc lin *+ng 4!i V<n c>a 6uBng thang 4< *i"n th$%i ln l%c 4!i 6n ng$<i tr$ng tr9ng h`p thang my mt *i"n. Cung cp *i"n ch$ 6uBng thang 6Mng ,y cp mUm 11 ch_nh 1.2d. { I" th)ng cp tr'$ 0 ch_nh 1.2d l< h" th)ng cp hai nhnh m+t *Lu n)i 4!i 6uBng thang *Lu cin l%i n)i 4!i *)i tr2ng ? cXng 4!i puli ,Fn h!ng . { :r$ng gi=ng c>a thang my cin lAp *5t cc 6+ c1m 6i=n 4- tr ,Xng *. chuy.n *@i t)c *+ *+ng cZ ,Rng 6uBng thang Y mvi tLng 4< h%n ch= h<nh tr_nh nng h% c>a thang my.
3. :hi=t 6- lAp *5t tr$ng h) gi=ng thang my

:r$ng h) gi=ng thang my lAp *5t h" th)ng gi1m ]bc P ch_nh 1.2d l< h" th)ng gi1m ]bc ,Xng li ]$ 4< gi1m ]bc thuw lTc trnh VT 4a *;p c>a 6uBng thang 4i *)i tr2ng ]u)ng V<n c>a gi=ng thang my tr$ng tr9ng h`p cWng tAc h<nh tr_nh h%n ch= h<nh tr_nh ,i chuy.n ]u)ng 6- VT c) c7hWng h$%t *+ngd.
I_nh 1.0 : C cu nng thang
Svth: Don Hong Mai
&. Cc thi=t 6- c) *-nh tr$ng gi=ng thang &.1 Eay ,Fn h!ng
Eay ,Fn h!ng *`c lAp *5t ,2c th'$ gi=ng thang *. ,Fn h!ng ch$ ca6in 4< *)i tr2ng chuy.n *+ng ,2c th'$ gi=ng thang. Eay ,Fn h!ng *1m 61$ ch$ ca6in 4< *)i tr2ng luWn nMm Y 4- tr thi=t 7= c>a chng tr$ng gi=ng thang 4< 7hWng 6- ,-ch chuy.n th'$ ph!ng nMm ngang tr$ng Gu tr_nh chuy.n *+ng. Ng$ cng 4ang *. tr2ng l`ng c>a ca6in 4< t1i tr2ng tr$ng ca6in tTa ln ,Fn h!ng cXng cc th<nh phLn t1i tr2ng *+ng 7hi 6+ hQm 61$ hi.m l<m 4i"c ctr$ng tr9ng h`p 6- *t cp h$5c ca6in *i ]u)ng 4!i t)c *+ l!n hn gi trch$ ph8pd.
&.2
i1m chn
i1m chn *`c lAp *5t ,!i *y h) thang *. ,Rng 4< * ca6in 4< *)i tr2ng tr$ng try 9ng h`p ca6in h$5c *)i tr2ng chuy.n *+ng ]u)ng ,!i 4`t Gu 6- tr *5t c>a cWng tAc h<nh tr_nh cu)i cXng. i1m chn ph1i cb *+ ca$ *> l!n *. 7hi cai6in h$5c *)i tr2ng tz ln nb th_ cb *> 7h$1ng tr)ng cLn thi=t pha ,!i phX h`p ch$ ng9i cb trch nhi"m thTc hi"n 7i.m traZ *iUu chtnhZ VKa chaa.
/. Ca6in 4< cc thi=t 6- lin Guan

Ca6in l< 6+ ph;n mang t1i c>a thang my.Ca6in ph1i cb 7=t cu Va$ ch$ cb th. th$ r9i nb th<nh tRng 6+ ph;n nhk.:h'$ cu t%$Zca6in gBm 2 phLn:7=t cu ch-u lTcc7hung ca6ind 4< cc 4ch ch'Z trLnZ V<n t%$ th<nh 6uBng ca6in.:rn 7hung ca6in cb lAp cc ng<m ,Fn h!ngZ h" th)ng tr'$ ca6inZ h" th)ng tay *in 4< 6+ hQm 61$ hi.mZ h" th)ng cKa 4< c cu *bng mY cKap.Ng$a thang my chY ng9i ph1i *1m 61$ cc yu cLu 4U thWng gibZ nhi"t *+ 4< nh Vng.
/.1 Hhung ca6in

Hhung ca6in l< phLn ]ng V)ng c>a ca6in thang my. N`c cu t%$ 6Mng cc thanh th8p ch-u lTc l!n. Hhung ca6in ph1i *1m 61$ ch$ thi=t 7= ch-u *> t1i *-nh mc.
/.2 Ng<m ,Fn h!ng

Ng<m ,Fn h!ng cb tc ,ng ,Fn h!ng ch$ ca6in 4< *)i tr2ng chuy.n *+ng ,2c th'$ ray ,Fn h!ng 4< 7h)ng ch= ,-ch chuy.n ngang c>a ca6in 4< *)i tr2ng tr$ng gi=ng thang 7hWng 4`t Gu gi trch$ ph8p. Cb hai l$%i ng<m ,Fn h!ng : ng<m try `tc6%c tr`td 4< ng<m c$n l(n.
/.0 I" th)ng tr'$ ca 6in

\$ ca6in 4< *)i tr2ng *`c tr'$ 6Mng nhiUu Vì cp ring 6i"t ch$ nn ph1i cb h" th)ng tr'$ *. *1m 61$ ch$ cc Vì cp nng ring 6i"t cb *+ c(ng nh nhau.:r$ng try 9ng h`p ng`c l%i ZVì cp ch-u lTc c(ng l!n nht Vl 6- Gu t1i cin Vì cp chXng Vl tr`t
trn rQnh puly ma Vt nn rt nguy hi.m.Ng$a m%ch an t$<n *. ngAt *i"n ,Rng thang 7hi m+t tr$ng cc Vì cp chXng Gu mc ch$ ph8p *. phing ngRa tai n%n.Hhi *b thang cht cb th. h$%t *+ng *`c 7hi *Q *iUu chtnh *+ c(ng c>a cc cp nh nhau.I" th)ng tr'$ ca6in *`c lAp *5t 4!i ,Lm trn 7hung *ng tr$ng h" th)ng ch-u lTc c>a ca6in.
/.3 JuBng ca6in

JuBng ca6in l< m+t 7=t cu cb th. th$ r9i *`c gBm trLnZ V<n 4< 4ch ca6in.Cc phLn n<y cb lin 7=t 4!i nhau 4< lin 7=t 4!i 7hung ch-u lTc c>a ca6in.JuBng ca6in ph1i *1m 61$ *`c cc yu cLu cLn thi=t 4U m5t 7j thu;t cung nh m5t mj thu;t
/.& I" th)ng cKa ca6in 4< cKa tLng

CKa ca6in 4< cKa tLng l< nhang 6+ ph;n cb 4ai tri rt Guan tr$ng tr$ng 4i"c *1m 61$ an t$<n 4< cb 1nh hYng l!n *=n cht l`ngZ n(ng Vut c>a thang my.h" th)ng cKa ca6in 4< cKa tLng *`c thi=t 7= Va$ ch$ 7hi ,Rng t%i tLng n<$ th_ cht ,Xng *+ng c mY cKa 6uBng thang *Bng th9i h" th)ng c 7h gAn cKa 6uBng thang lin 7=t 4!i cKa tLng l<m ch$ cKa tLng cung *`c mY ra.:ng tT 7hi *bng l%i th_ h" th)ng lin 7=t Vl 7hWng tc *+ng 4<$ cKa tLng naa m< 6uBng thang l%i ,i chuy.n *i *=n cc tLng 7hc.
?. I" th)ng cn 6Mng tr$ng thang my

N)i tr2ngZ cp nngZ cp *i"nZ cp h$5c ]ch cn 6Mng l< nhang 6+ ph;n c>a h" th)ng cn 6Mng tr$ng thang my *. cn 6Mng 4!i 4!i tr2ng l`ng c>a ca6in 4< t1i tr2ng nng.Si"c ch2n V *B *+ng h2c 4< tr2ng l`ng cc 6+ ph;n c>a h" th)ng cn 6Mng cb 1nh hYng l!n *=n mWm'n t1i tr2ng 4< cWng Vut *+ng c c>a c cu ,Fn *+ngZ *=n lTc c(ng l!n nht c>a cp nng 4< 7h1 n(ng 78$ c>a puly ma Vt.
?.1 N)i tr2ng

N)i tr2ng l< 6+ ph;n *bng 4ai tri chnh tr$ng h" th)ng cn 6Mng c>a thang my.N)i 4!i thang my cb chiUu ca$ nng 7hWng l!nZ ng9i ta ch2n *)i tr2ng Va$ ch$ tr2ng l`ng c>a nb cn 6Mng 4!i tr2ng l`ng c>a ca6in 4< m+t phLn t1i tr2ng nng Zcp *i"n 4< 7hWng ,Xng cp h$5c ]ch cn 6Mng.Hhi thang my cb chiUu ca$ nng l!nZ tr2ng l`ng c>a cp nng 4< cp *i"n l< *ng 7. nn ng9i ta ph1i ,Xng cp h$5c ]ch
cn 6Mng *. 6X trR l%i phLn t1i tr2ng c>a cp *i"n 4< cp nng chuy.n tR nhnh tr'$ ca6in Vang nhnh tr'$ *)i tr2ng 4< ng`c l%i 7hi thang my h$%t *+ng.
?.2 Och 4< cp cn 6Mng

Hhi thang my cb chiUu ca$ trn 3& m h$5c tr2ng l`ng cp nng 4< cp *i"n cb gi tr- trn DZ1 x th_ ng9i ta ph1i *5t thm cp h$5c ]ch cn 6Mng *. 6X trR l%i phLn tr2ng l`ng c>a cp nng 4< cp *i"n chuy.n tR nhnh tr'$ ca6in Vang nhnh tr'$ *)i tr2ng 4< ng`c l%i 7hi thang my h$%t *+ngZ *1m 61$ mWm'n t1i tng *)i @n *-nh trn puly ma Vt. Och cn 6Mng th9ng *`c ,Xng ch$ thang my cb t)c *+ ,!i 1Z3 m}V. N)i 4!i thang my cb t)c *+ ca$Z ng9i ta th9ng ,Xng cp cn 6Mng 4< cb thi=t 6- 78$ c(ng cp cn 6Mng *. 7hWng 6- ]$An. :%i thi=t 6- 78$ c(ng cp cn 6Mng ph1i cb ti=p *i.m *i"n an t$<n *. ngAt m%ch *iUu 7hi.n c>a thang my 7hi cp cn 6Mng 6- *t h$5c 6- ,Qn Gu l!n 4< 7hi cb VT c) 4!i thi=t 6- 78$ c(ng cp cn 6Mng.
?.0 Cp nng
Cb cu t%$ 6Mng Vì th8p cac6$n t)t cb gi!i h%n 6Un 13DD 1PDD N}mm2 . :r$ng thang my th9ng ,Xng tR 0 *=n 3 Vì cp 6"n. Cp nng *`c ch2n th'$ *iUu 7i"n Vau:
S
:r$ng *b:
MAX
ma] y lTc c(ng cp l!n nht tr$ng Gu tr_nh l<m 4i"c c>a thang my , y t1i tr2ng ph hkng cp ,$ nh< ch= t%$ ]c *-nh 4< ch$ tr$ng 61ng cp tiu chuqn tuz thu+c 4<$ l$%i cp Z *9ng 7nh cp 4< gi!i h%n 6Un c>a 4;t li"u Vì th8p 6"n cp n y h" V) an t$<n 6Un c>a cpZ ly 7hWng nhk hn gi tr- Guy *-nh tr$ng tiu chuqnZ tuz thu+c 4<$ t)c *+Z l$%i thang my 4< l$%i c cu nng.
?.3 J+ 78$ t9i

:uz th'$ V *B ,Fn *+ng m< 6+ t9i 78$ *`c *5t Y tr$ng phing my ,Fn *+ng nMm Y pha trnZ pha ,!i h$5c nMm Y c%nh gi=ng thang. J+ t9i 78$ ,Fn *+ng *i"n gBm cb h+p gi1m t)c 4< l$%i 7hWng cb h+p gi1m t)c. N)i 4!i thang my cb t)c *+ l!n ng9i ta ,Xng 6+ t9i 78$ 7hWng cb h+p gi1m t)c.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
12
P. :hi=t 6- an t$<n c 7h
:hi=t 6- an t$<n c 7h tr$ng thang my cb 4ai tri *1m 61$ an t$<n ch$ thang my 4< h<nh 7hch tr$ng tr9ng h`p ]1y ra VT c) nh :*t cpZ cp tr`t trn rQnh puly ma VtZ ca6in h% 4!i t)c *+ 4`t Gu gi trch$ ph8p. :hi=t 6- an t$<n c 7h tr$ng thang my gBm cb:
P.1 #hanh hQm *i"n tR :

SU 7=t cuZ cu t%$Z nguyn lg h$%t *+ng gi)ng nh phanh hQm *i"n tR ,Xng tr$ng cc c cu c>a cLu trc.
P.2 #hanh 61$ hi.m :

c cb m+t V) tn g2i 7hc nh : phanh ,X h$5c c cu t@ *!pd. Chc n(ng c>a phanh 61$ hi.m l< h%n ch= t)c *+ ,i chuy.n c>a 6uBng thang 4`t Gu gi!i h%n ch$ ph8p 4< gia ch5t 6uBng thang t%i chv 6Mng cch 8p 4<$ hai thanh ,Fn h!ng tr$ng tr9ng h`p 6- *t cp tr'$. SU 7=t cu 4< cu t%$Z phanh 61$ hi.m cb 6a l$%i : y #hanh 61$ hi.m 7i.u nm ,Xng *. hQm 7hqn cp. y #hanh 61$ hi.m 7i.u 7_m ch_nh 1.3d ,Xng *. hQm m. y #hanh 61$ hi.m 7i.u l"ch tm ,Xng *. hQm 7hqn cp. #hanh 61$ hi.m lAp *5t trn nbc c>a 6uBng thangZ hai g2ng 7_m 2 tr`t ,2c th'$ hai thanh ,Fn h!ng 1. NMm giaa hai cnh tay *Lu c>a g2ng 7_m cb nm & gAn ch5t 4)i h" th)ng truyUn lTc trTc 4t 4< tang y 6nh 4t 3. I" truyUn lTc 6nh 4t y trc 4t cb hai ,%ng r'n : 6n ph1i l< r'n ph1iZ cin phLn 6n tri l< r'n tri. Hhi t)c *+ c>a 6uBng thang thp hn tr- V) gi!i h%n t)i *a ch$ ph8pZ nm & Y hai *Lu c>a trc 4t Y 4- tr ]a nht V$ 4!i tang y 6nh 4t 3Z l<m ch$ hai g2n 7_m 2 tr`t 6_nh th9ng ,2c th'$ thanh ,Fn h!ng 1. :r$ng tr9ng h`p t)c *+ c>a 6uBng thang 4`t Gu gi!i h%n ch$ ph8pZ
I_nh 1.3 #hanh hQm 61$ hi.m 7i.u 7_m 1.thanh ,Fn h!ng 2. g2ng 7_m 0. ,y cp lin *+ng c 4!i 6+ h%n ch= t)c *W 3. tang 6nh 4t &. Nm.
tang y 6nh 4t 3 Vl Guay th'$ chiUu *. 78$ ,a 6uBng thang 4< tr$ng tr9ng h`p 6- *t cp tr'$Z Vl gia ch5t 6uBng thang 4<$ hai thanh ,Fn h!ng.
C. C1m 6i=n 4- tr
:r$ng thang my 4< my nngZ cc 6+n ph;n c1m 6i=n 4- tr ,Xng *. : y #ht l"nh ,Rng 6uBng thang Y mvi tLng. y Chuy.n *@i t)c *+ *+ng c truyUn *+ng tR t)c *+ ca$ Vang t)c *+ thp 7hi 6uBng thang *=n gLn tLng cLn ,RngZ *. nng ca$ *+ ,Rng chnh ]c c>a 6uBng thang. y Oc *-nh 4- tr c>a 6uBng thang. Ii"n nayZ tr$ng V *B 7h)ng ch= thang my 4< my nng th9ng ,Xng 6a l$%i c1m 6i=n 4- tr : { C1m 6i=n 4- tr 7i.u c 7hccWng tAc chuy.n *@i tLngd I_nh 1.& C1m 6i=n 4- tr 7i.u c 7h 1. :m cch *i"n 2. :i=p *i.m tsnh 0.:i=p *i.m *+ng 3. CLn g%t &. Sing *"m ca$ Vu C1m 6i=n 4- tr 7i.u c 7h l< m+t l$%i cWng tAc 6a 4- tr. Hhi 6uBng thang ,i chuy.n *i lnZ ,!i tc ,ng c>a 4u g%t clAp Y mvi tLngd Vl g%t tay g%t Vang 6n ph1iZ c5p ti=p *i.m 2 6n tri 7nZ 7hi 6uBng thang ,i chuy.n th'$ chiUu *i ]u)ngZ 4- tr tay g%t Y 6n triZ c5p ti=p *i.m 2 Y 4- tr giaaZ c1 hai c5p ti=p *i.m 2 *Uu hY. u *i.m : cb 7=t cu *n gi1nZ thTc hi"n *> 6a chc n(ng c>a 6+ ph;n c1m 6i=n 4- tr. Nh`c *i.m : y :u@i th2 l<m 4i"c 7hWng ca$Z *5c 6i"t l< *)i 4!i thang my t)c *+ ca$ y y ti=ng Bn l!nZ gy nhi~u ch$ cc thi=t 6- 4W tuy=n.
{ C1m 6i=n 4- tr 7i.u c1m ng ch_nh 1./d.
I_nh 1./. C1m 6i=n 4- tr 7i.u c1m ng adCu t%$ c>a c1m 6i=n 6d *B nguyn t) c>a 6+ c1m 6i=n. 1.M%ch tR 2. Cu+n ,y 0. :m VAt cha : N)i 4!i thang my t)c *+ ca$Z n=u ,Xng 6+ c1m 6i=n 7i.u c 7hZ l<m gi1m *+ tin c;y tr$ng Gu tr_nh l<m 4i"c. JYi 4;y tr$ng cc V *B 7h)ng ch= thang my t)c *+ ca$ th9ng ,Xng cc 6+ c1m 6i=n 7hWng ti=p *i.m: 7i.u c1m ngZ 7i.u *i"n ,ung 4< 7i.u Guang *i"n. Nguyn lg l<m 4i"c c>a c1m 6i=n 7i.u c1m ng 4- tr ,Ta trn VT thay *@i tr- V) *i"n c1m c^d c>a cu+n ,y cb m%ch tR 7hi m%ch tR 7n 4< m%ch tR hY. Cu t%$ c>a 6+ c1m 6i=n 4- tr 7i.u c1m ng ch_nh 1./ad gBm m%ch *i"n tR 1Z cu+n ,y 2. Hhi m%ch tR hYZ *i"n trY c>a 6+ c1m 6i=n 6Mng *i"n trY thuLn c>a cu+n ,yZ cin 7hi m%ch tR 6- ch' 7n 6Mng thanh th8p cha h c0dZ *i"n trY c1m 6i=n Vl t(ng *+t 6i=n ,$ th<nh phLn *i"n c1m c^d c>a cu+n ,y t(ng. *B nguyn lg c>a 6+ c1m 6i=n 7i.u c1m ng *`c gi!i thi"u trn h_nh 0.01a. J+ c1m 6i=n cb th. *u n)i trTc ti=p 4!i rl' trung gian E:r m+t chiUu h$5c rl' trung gian ]$ay chiUu. Hhi m%ch tR hYZ ,$ *i"n trY c>a c1m 6i=n rt nhkZ rl' trung gian E:r tc *+ngZ cin 7hi m%ch tR 7nZ ,$ *i"n trY c>a c1m 6i=n rt l!n rl' trung gian E:r 7hWng tc *+ng. N. nng ca$ *+ tin c;y l<m 4i"c c>a rl' trung gianZ *u t C V$ng V$ng 4!i cu+n ,y c>a 6+ c1m 6i=n. :r- V) *i"n ,ung c>a t C *`c lTa ch2n Va$
ch$ 7hi thanh VAt 0 ch' 7n m%ch tR c>a 6+ tR c1m 6i=n Vl t%$ *`c ch= *+ c+ng hYng ,ing. :hWng th9ng 6+ c1m 6i=n CJ *c lAp Y th<nh gi=ng c>a thang myZ thanh VAt *+ng lAp Y 6uBng thang. { C1m 6i=n 4- tr 7i.u Guang *i"n ch_nh ?d I_nh 1.? C1m 6i=n 4- tr 7i.u Guang *i"n J+ c1m 6i=n 4- tr ,Xng hai phLn tK Guang *i"nZ cu t%$ c>a nb *`c gi!i thi"u trn h_nh 1.?a. Cu t%$ c>a nb gBm 7hung gi cha h cth9ng l<m 6Mng 4;t li"u 7hWng 7im l$%id. :rn 7hung cch *i"n g lAp hai phLn tK Guang *i"n 2 *)i ,i"n nhu : m+t phLn tK pht Guang c*iWt pht Guang Nd 4< m+t phLn tK thu Guang c tranVit$ Guangd. N. nng ca$ *+ tin c;y c>a 6+ c1m 6i=n 7hWng 6- 1nh hYng *+ Vng c>a mWi tr9ng th9ng ,Xng phLn tK pht Guang 4< thu Guang hang ng$%i. :hanh g%t 0 ,i chuy.n giaa 7h' hY c>a 7hung g cc phLn tK Guang ,i"n. *B nguyn lg c>a 6+ c1m 6i=n 7i.u Guang *i"n gi!i thi"u trn h_nh 1.?6. Nguyn lg l<m 4i"c c>a 6+ c1m 6i=n 7i.u Guang *i"n nh Vau: 7hi 6uBng thang cha *=n *ng tLngZ nh Vng cha 6- ch' 7hutZ tranVit$ Guang :: thWngZ tranVit$ :1 7h$ 4< tranVit$ :2 thWngZ rl' trung gian E:r tc *+ngZ cin 7hi 6uBng thang *=n *ng tLngZ nh Vng 6- ch' 7hutZ :: 7h$Z :1 thWngZ :2 7h$Z rl' trung gian E:r 7hWng tc *+ng. I#. $ th%ng mch &in c"a thang my
1. M%ch *+ng lTc:

l< h" th)ng *iUu 7hi.n c cu ,Fn *+ng thang my *. *bng mYZ*1$ chiUu c cu ,Fn *+ng 4< phanh c>a 6+ t9i 78$. I" th)ng ph1i *1m 61$ 4i"c *iUu chtnh t)c *+ chuy.n *+ng c>a ca6in Va$ ch$ Gu tr_nh mY my 4< phanh *`c m ,-u 4< ,Rng ca6in chnh ]c.
2. M%ch *iUu 7hi.n:

^< h" th)ng *iUu 7hi.n tLng cb tc ,ng thTc hi"n m+t chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n phc t%pZ phX h`p 4!i chc n(ng yu cLu c>a thang myZI" th)ng *iUu 7hi.n tLng cb
nhi"m 4:lu tra cc l"nh ,i chuy.n tR ca6inZ cc l"nh g2i tLng c>a h<nh 7hch 4< thTc hi"n cc l"nh ,i chuy.n h$5c ,Rng th'$ m+t th tT u tin n<$ *bZVau 7hi thTc hi"n ]$ng l"nh *iUu 7hi.n th_ ]$ 6k Z]c *-nh 4< ghi nh;n th9ng ]uyn 4- tr ca6in 4< hy !ng chuy.n *+ng c>a nb.:t c1 cc h" th)ng *iUu 7hi.n tT *+ng *Uu ,Xng nt n.
0. M%ch tn hi"u:
l< h" th)ng cc *fn tn hi"u 4!i cc 7g hi"u *Q th)ng nht h$ *. 6$ hi"u tr%ng thi c>a thang myZ 4- tr 4< h!ng chuy.n *+ng c>a ca6in.
3. M%ch chi=u Vng:

l< h" th)ng *fn chi=u Vng ch$ ca6inZ6uBng my 4< h) thang
&. M%ch an t$<n:

l< h" th)ng cc cWng tAcZ r l' Zti=p *i.m nhMm *1m 61$ an t$<n ch$ ng9i Z h<ng h$ 4< thang my 7hi h$%t *+ngZ c th. l<:61$ 4" Gu t1i ch$ *+ng cZ thi=t 6- h%n ch= t1i tr2ng nngZcc cWng tAc h<nh tr_nhZcc ti=p *i.m t%i cKa ca6inZ cKa tLngZ t%i h" tr'$ ca6in 4< t%i 6+ h%n ch= t)c *+Z cc r l'pM%ch an t$<n ngAt tT *+ng ngAt *i"n *=n m%ch *+ng lTc *. ,Rng thang h$5c thang 7hWng h$%t *+ng *`c tr$ng cc tr9ng h`p Vau: y mt *i"nZmt phaZ *1$ phaZ mt *9ng ti=p *tp y Gu t1i y ca6in 4`t Gu gi!i h%n *5t cWng tAc h%n ch= h<nh tr_nh. y *t cp h$5c t)c *+ h% ca6in 4`t Ga gi trch$ ph8pc6+ h%n ch= t)c *+ 4< 6+ hQm 61$ hi.m l<m 4i"cd ym+t tr$ng cc cp nng chXng Gu gi!i h%n ch$ ph8p. y cKa ca6in h$5c m+t tr$ng cc cKa tLng cha *bng hmn.
Chng II: kho st c tnh c a thang my !" cc yu c#u i$u khi%n

b. 'h(o )t &*c &i+m c"a thang #h t1i thang my thay *@i tr$ng m+t ph%m 4i rt r+ngZ nb ph thu+c 4<$ l2ng h<nh 7hch *i l%i tr$ng m+t ng<y *m 4< h!ng 4;n chuy.n h<nh 7hch. S , nh
thang my lAp *5t tr$ng nh< h<nh chnhZ 6u@i Vng *Lu gi9 l<m 4i"cZ h<nh 7hch *i nhiUu nht th'$ chiUu nngZ cin 6u@i chiUu cu)i gi9 l<m 4i"c Vl l< l`ng h<nh 7hch nhiUu nht *i th'$ chiUu ]u)ng. JYi 4;y Z 7hi thi=t 7= thang my ph1i tnh ch$ ph t1i ]ung cTc *%i. N. thu;n ti"n ch$ 4i"c ch2n thang ng9i ta phn cc l$%i nh< th'$ mc *ch VK ,ng th<nh cc nhbm c 61n Vau: y y y y Nh< h<nh chnh: Nh< Y: Hhch V%n: J"nh 4i"n :r$ng mvi nhbm l%i cb th. *`c chia nhk *. cb th. ch2n thang my cb tnh n(ng 7j thu;t phX h`p hn. S , nhbm nh< h<nh chnh cb th. phn th<nh nh< h<nh chnh thuLn tycc Guan 6+Zc Guan h<nh chnh VT nghi"ppd 4< nhbm nh< h<nh chnh cb 7=t h`p 4!i V1n ]utZnghin cu 7h$a h2cp \X cc t$< nh< cung nh ch>ng l$%i thang rt l< *a ,%ng ZV$ng mc *ch 4i"c ch2n thang nh trn *Q nu ph1i th$1 mQn *`c cc yu cLu 4;n chuy.n *> V) h<nh 7hch tr$ng th9i gian nht *-nh m< 7hWng ph1i ch9 lu cung nh ph1i Y tr$ng ca6in Gu lu.:hTc t= l`ng h<nh 7hch thay *@i cLn 4;n chuy.n l%i thay *@i 7hWng th'$ Guy lu;t nht *-nhZm< thay *@i th'$ nhang gi9 7hc nhau tr$ng ng<y tuz th'$ tnh cht Z*5c *i.m Z mc *ch VK ,ng c>a t$< nh<.Ni.m chung c>a VT thay *@i n<y cb nhang gi9 cLn 4;n chuy.n nhiUu h<nh 7hch *`c g2i l< gi9 ca$ *i.m.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
18
Gi lm vic 9h
NB th- tw l" h<nh 7hc t%i gi9 ca$ *i.m n(ng Vut 4;n chuy.n tr$ng & pht n(ng Vut tr$ng 3& pht n(ng Vut tr$ng 1h
1 2 3
:t nhin gi9 ca$ *i.m 4!i tRng l$%i t$< nh< cung 7hc nhau.4 , nh h_nh 4l trn ]c *-nh h<nh 7hch t%i gi9 ca$ *i.m tr$ng t$< nh< thng m%i cb gi9 l<m 4i"c 6At *Lu tR Ch Vng. Si"c phn tch ,ing h<nh 7hch t%i gi9 ca$ *i.m Vl thy l< m+t 6!c 7hWng th. 6k Gua 7hi lTa ch2n thang my V$ng 7h1 n(ng 4;n chuy.n h<nh 7hch nh nu trn cha ph1n nh *Ly *> cht l`ng phc 4 c>a thang *`c th. hi"n 6Mng th9i gian h<nh 7hch ph1i ch9 *ì Y 6=n chnh t%i gi9 ca$ *i.mZnn 7hi ch2n thang c1 hai cht tiu 4U 7h1 n(ng 4;n chuy.n chay cin g2i l< n(ng Vut 4;n chuy.nd 4< cht l`ng phc 4 ph1i *`c phn tch *Ly *> *. t_m gi1i php h`p lg. û l`ng h<nh 7hch *i thang my tr$ng th9i *i.m ca$ nht *`c tnh tr$ng th9i gian & phtZ *`c tnh th'$ 6i.u thc Vau:
Q5 = A" N a!i tr$ng *b: N 100
yt@ng V) ng9i l<m 4i"c tr$ng ngWi nh< N y V) tLng c>a ngWi nh< a y V) tLng m< ng9i l<m 4i"c 7hWng VK ,ng thang my cth9ng ly a 2d
i y cht V) c9ng *+ 4n chuy.n h<nh 7hch Z *5c trng ch$ V) l`ng 7hch c6i.u 100
,i~n ,!i ,%ng rd 7hi *i ln h$5c ]u)ng tr$ng th9i gian & .
Svth: Don Hong Mai
19
N%i l`ng x& ph thu+c 4<$ tnh cht c>a ngWi nh< m< thang my phc 4 : *)i 4!i
nh< chung c x& r c3 /dr 7hch V%n x&r c? 1Dd r cWng VY x& r c2D 0Dd r.
N(ng Vut 4;n chuy.n h<nh 7hch
Si"c ]c *-nh chnh ]c V) l`ng h<nh 7hch cLn 4;n chuy.n 6Mng thang my ch$5c m+t nhbm thang myd tr$ng ng<y ch$ t$< nh< nh_n chung l< 7hWng th. thTc hi"n *`cZ 4_ 4;y 7hi ]c *-nh n(ng Vut 4;n chuy.n h<nh 7hch *. tR *b ]c *-nh tr2ng t1i *-nh mc c>a thangZ ng9i ta Guy !c tnh tnh n(ng Vut cLn thi=t c>a thang tR tw V) i l< tw V) giaa l`ng l!n nht h<nh 7hch cLn 4n chuy.n tr$ng n(m pht t%i gi9 ca$ *i.m 4< V) l`ng h<nh 7hch t%i chv tr$ng t$< nh<. N(ng Vut c>a thang my th'$ m+t h!ng trn m+t *n 4- th9i gian 4< *`c tnh th'$ 6i.u thc Vau :
3600 E # 2H c2.1d + tn v
:r$ng *b : # y l< n(ng Vut c>a thang my tnh ch$ 1 gi9 y tr2ng t1i *-nh mc c>a thang my cV) l`ng ng9i *i *`c ch$ 1 lLn 4;n chuy.n c>a thang myd
y h" V) lp *Ly ph t1i c>a thang my y chiUu ca$ nng ch%d Z m y t)c *+ ,i chuy.n c>a 6uBng thang Zm}V
n
I S
y t@ng th9i gian 7hi thang my ,Rng Y mvi tLng cth9i gian *bng Z mY cKa 6uBng thang Z cKa tLng Z th9i gian raZ 4<$ c>a h<nh 7hchd 4< th9i gian t(ngZ gi1m t)c 6uWng thang
ct1 {t2 {t0dcm, { 1d { t3 { t& { t/
:r$ng *b : t1 y th9i gian t(ng t)c t2 y th9i gian gi1m t)c t0 y th9i gian *bng mY cKa t3 y th9i gian *i 4<$ c>a m+t h<nh 7hch t& y th9i gian *i ra c>a m+t h<nh 7hch t/ y th9i gian 7hi 6uBng thang ch9 7hch *=n ch;m
m, y V) lLn ,Rng c>a 6uBng thang ctnh th'$ ]c Vutd
) lLn ,Rng m, ctnh th'$ ]c Vut cb th. ]c *-nh ,Ta trn *B th- h_nh 0.2/d I_nh 0.2/ *B th- ]c *-nh V) lLn ,Rngctnh th'$ ]c Vutd c>a 6uBng thang. M, y V) lLn ,Rng mt V) tLng y V) ng9i tr$ng 6uBng thang. :h'$ 6i.u thc c2.1d ta thy rMng n(ng Vut c>a thang my tw l" thu;n 4!i tr2ng t1i c>a 6uBng thang 4< tw l" ngh-ch 4!i l!n. Cin h" V) lp *Ly ph thu+c ch> y=u 4<$ c9ng *+ 4;n chuy.n h<nh 7hch th9ng ly 6Mng :
= " 0#6 0#8!
Z*5c 6i"t l< *)i 4!i thang my cb tr2ng t1i
c. T!nh ch,n c-ng )u.t &/ng c chuy0n &/ng thang my N. ]c *-nh *`c cWng Vut *+ng c truyUn *+ng ,i chuy.n 6uBng thang cc>a thang myd cLn ph1i cb cc *iUu 7i"n thWng V) Vau : y *B *+ng h2c c>a c cu nng c>a thang my. y :r- V) t)c *+ 4< gia t)c gi!i h%n ch$ ph8p. y :r2ng t1i c>a thang my. y Hh)i l`ng c>a 6uBng thang 4< *)i tr2ng cn=u cbd. y Ch= *+ l<m 4i"c c>a thang my.
:nh ch2n cWng Vut *+ng c thTc hi"n th'$ cc 6!c Vau : y Ch2n V 6+ cWng Vut *+ng c ,Ta trn cWng Vut c1n tsnh. y Oy ,Tng 6i.u *B ph t1i t$<n phLn cb tnh *=n ph t1i tr$ng cc ch= *+ Gu
*+. y Hi.m tra cWng Vut *+ng c *Q ch2n th'$ *iUu 7i"n pht nhi"t cth'$ phng php ,ing *i"n *mng tr- h$5c mWm'n *mng tr-d. CWng Vut c1n tsnh c>a *+ng c 7hi nng t1i 7hWng ,Xng *)i tr2ng *`c tnh th'$ 6i.u thc Vau :
Pc =
(G + G ).v.g
bt
10
[ kW ]
c2.2d
:r$ng *b :
y 7h)i l`ng c>a h<ng h$Z 7g
G y 7h)i l`ng c>a 6uBng thangZ 7g

bt
4 y t)c *+ nng h<ngZ m}V

y hi"u Vut c>a c cu nng cth9ng ly 6Mng DZ& D.Pd
g y gia t)c tr2ng tr9ngZ m} s
Hhi cb *)i tr2ngZ cWng Vut c1n tsnh 7hi nng t1i c>a *+ng c *`c tnh th'$ 6i.u thc :
cn
(G
bt
) 1 G
+
bt
3 . . v. k . g .10
[ kW ]
c2.0d
4< 7hi h% t1i :
ch
(G + G )
bt
dt
1 3 . v . k . g .10
[ kW ]
c2.3d
:r$ng *b : 7
cn
y cWng Vut c1n tsnh c>a *+ng c 7hi nng cb ,Xng *)i tr2ngZ
ch
y cWng Vut c1n tsnh c>a *+ng c 7hi h% cb ,Xng *)i tr2ngZ 7
Svth: Don Hong Mai
22
7 y h" V) cb tnh *=n ma Vt tr$ng cc thanh ,Fn h!ng c>a 6uBng thang 4< *)i tr2ng cth9ng ch2n 7 1Z1& 1Z0d
dt
y 7h)i l`ng c>a *)i tr2ngZ 7g. Z l<m Va$ ch$ 7h)i l`ng c>a nb cn .
Hhi tnh ch2n 7h)i l`ng c>a *)i tr2ng 6Mng *`c 4!i 7h)i l`ng c>a 6uBng thang
4< m+t phLn 7h)i l`ng c>a h<ng h$
Hh)i l`ng c>a *)i tr2ng *`c tnh th'$ 6i.u thc Vau :
G =G
dt
bt
G [ kg ]
c2.&d
:r$ng *b : y h" V) cn 6MngZ tr- V) c>a nb th9ng ly 6Mng D.0 D./. #hLn l!n cc thang my chY 7hch cht 4;n h<nh *Ly t1i tr$ng nhang gi9 ca$ *i.mZ th9i gian cin l%i luWn l<m 4i"c n$n t1i nn nn th9ng ly 6Mng : D.03 D.& N)i 4!i thang my chY h<ng 7hi nng th9ng l<m 4i"c *Ly t1iZ cin 7hi h% th9ng 7hWng t1i c Dd nn ch2n DZ&. \Ta trn hai 6i.u thc c2.2d 4< c2.0d cb th. ]y ,Tng 6i.u *B ph t1i c*n gi1n h$d c>a *+ng c truyUn *+ng 4< ch2n V 6+ cWng Vut *+ng c tr$ng cc VY tay tra cu. N. ]y ,Tng 6i.u *B ph t1i t$<n phLn c6i.u *B ph t1i chnh ]cd cLn ph1i tnh *=n th9i gian t(ng t)cZ th9i gian hQm c>a h" truyUn *+ngZ th9i gian *bngZ mY cKa 6uBng thang 4< cKa tLngZ V) lLn ,Rng c>a 6uBng thangZ th9i gian raZ 4<$ 6uBng thang c>a h<nh 7hch tr$ng th9i gian ca$ *i.m. :h9i gian ra 4<$ c>a h<nh 7hch th9ng ly 6Mng 1V ch$ m+t h<nh 7hch. ) lLn ,Rng c>a 6uBng thang ctnh th'$ ]Ac Vutd m, *y `c tnh ch2n ,Ta trn cc *9ng c$ng trn h_nh 0.2/. M5t 7hc 7hi ti=n h<nh ]y ,Tng 6i.u *B ph t1i t$<n phLn cung cLn ph1i tnh *=n m+t V) y=u t) 7hc ph thu+c 4<$ ch= *+ 4;n h<nh 4< *iUu 7i"n 7hai thc thang my nh : th9i gian chY 7hchZ th9i giant hang my l<m 4i"c 4!i t)c *+ thp 7hi *=n tLng gLn ,RngZ 4.4 p Hhi tnh ch2n chnh ]c cWng Vut *+ng cb truyUn *+ng thang my cLn phn 6i"t haich= *+ c>a t1i tr2ng : t1i tr2ng *Bng *Uu chLu nh 7hWng *@id 4< t1I tr2ng 6i=n *@i.
23
Svth: Don Hong Mai
#hng php tnh ch2n cWng Vut *+ng c 4!i ch= *+ t1i tr2ng *Bng *Uu thTc
hi"n th'$ cc 6!c Vau : 1d:nh lTc 78$ c>a cp *5t ln 4<nh 6nh ng$a puli 78$ cp tr$ng c cu nngZ 7hi 6uBng thang cht *Ly t1i *ng Y tLng 1 4< cc lLn ,Rng th'$ ,T 7i=n.
F = (G + G G k G ) g
bt dt 1 1
[N]
c2./d
:r$ng *b :
y V) lLn ,Rng th'$ ,T 7i=n c>a 6uBng thang

1
G G
1
y *+ thay *@i c>a t1i tr2ng Vau mvi lLn ,RngZ 7g th9ng ly 6Mng
G k
tr$ng *b
y V) lLn ,Rng 6uBn thang cth'$ ,T 7i=nd *`c ]c *-nh trn
,9ng c$ng h_nh 0.2/.

2!:nh mWm'n th'$ lTc 78$
M M
= =
F .R i F .R i
[N] [N]
S!i D
S!i | D
:r$ng *b : E y 6n 7nh c>a puli 78$ cpZ m i y tw V) truyUn c>a c cu nng
y hi"u Vut c>a c cu nng.
0d:nh t@ng th9i gian h<nh tr_nh nng 4< h% c>a 6uBng thang 6a$ gBm : :h9i gian 6uBng thang ,i chuy.n 4!i t)c *+ @n *-nhZ th9i gian t(ng t)cZ th9i gian hQm 4< th9i gian ph 7hc cth9i gian *bngZ mY cKaZ th9i gian raZ 4<$ 6uBng thang c>a hanh 7hchd.
4!\Ta trn 7=t Gu1 c>a cc 6!c tnh t$n trnZ tnh mWm'n *mng tr- 4< tnh cWng
Vut c>a *+ng c 61$ *1m thka mQn *iUu 7i"n
M M
dtr
&dOy ,Tng 6i.u *B ph t1i t$<n phLn c>a h" truyUn *+ng cb tnh *=n Gu tr_nh Gu *+Z ti=n h<nh 7i.m nghi"m *+ng c th'$ ,ing *i"n *mng tr-.
N)i 4!i ch= *+ ph t1i 7hWng *Bng *Uu c6i=n *@idZ cc 6!c tnh ch2n cWng Vut
*+ng c truyUn *+ng ti=n h<nh th'$ cc 6!c trn. Nhng *. tnh lTc 78$ *5t ln puli 78$ cp ph1i cb 6i.u *B thay *@i c>a t1i tr2ng th'$ tRng tLng m+t 7hi 6uBng thang ,i chuy.n ln 4< ]u)ng. 1. 2c h truy0n &/ng 13ng trong thang my Hhi thi=t 7=Z tnh ch2n h" truyUn *+ng ch$ thang my ph1i ,Ta trn cc yu cLu chnh Vau : y y y y { N+ ,Rng chnh ]c c>a 6uBng thang. :)c *+ ,i chuy.n c>a 6uBng thang. :r- V) gia t)c l!n nht ch$ ph8p. #h%m 4i *iUu chtnh t)c *+ yu cLu. I" truyUn *+ng ]$ay chiUu 4!i *+ng c 7hWng *Bng 6+ crWt$ lBng Vbc 4< rW t$
,y Gun d *`c VK ,ng *. truyUn *+ng cc l$%i thang my 4< my nng cb t)c *+ thp 4< trung 6_nh. y y I" truyUn *+ng ]$ay chiUu 4!i *+ng c 7hWng *Bng 6+ rWt$ lBng Vbc th9ng ,Xng tr$ng thang my t)c *+ thp . I" truyUn *+ng ]$ay chiUu 4!i *+ng c 7hWng *Bng 6+ rWt$ ,y Gun th9ng ,Xng ch$ cc l$%i thang my tr2ng t1i l!nZ ch$ ph8p cht l`ng c>a h" th)ng truyUn *+ng 7hi t(ng t)c 4< gi1m t)cZ nng ca$ *+ chnh ]c 7hi ,Rng.
y
I" truyUn *+ng ]$ay chiUu 4!i *+ng c 7hWng *Bng 6+ rWt$ lBng Vbc hai cp t)c *+ ccb hai 6+ ,y Gun Vtat$ *+c l;p n)i th'$ V *B h_nh Va$ d th9ng ,Xng tr$ng cc thang my t)c *+ trung 6_nh. ) *Wi cTc c>a ,y Gun Vtat$ *+ng c th9ng ch2n l< : 2p / 2p 23 h$5c 2p 3 2p 2DZ tng ng 4!i t)c *+ *Bng 6+ c>a *+ng c 6Mng : nD 1DDD}2&D 4ing}pht h$5c 1&DD}0DD 4ing} pht.
I" truyUn *+ng ]$ay chiUu 4!i *+ng c 7hWng *Bng 6+ rWt$ lBng Vbc *`c cp nguBn tR 6+ 6i=n tLn th9ng ,Xng tr$ng cc thang my t)c *+ ca$ c7hi 41Z& m} Vd Z ch$ ph8p h%n ch= *`c gia t)c 4< *+ gi;t tr$ng gi!i h%n ch$ ph8p 4< *%t *+ chnh ]c 7hi ,Rng rt ca$ c S 5 mm d
I" truyUn *+ng m+t chiUu th9ng ,Xng ch$ cc thang my t)c *+ ca$
c 4 1Z& m}Vd. :h9ng ,Xng hai h" truyUn *Wng Vau:
Svth: Don Hong Mai
25
I" y N cb 7huy=ch *%i trung gian l<m nguBn cung cp ch$ cu+n 7ch tR c>a
my pht .c Hhuy=ch *%i trung gian cb th. l< my *i"n 7huy=ch *%i h$5c 7hu=ch *%i tR d. y I" : y NZ my pht m+t chiUu *`c thay th= 6Mng 6+ chtnh lu ,Xng tiriVt$. y Hhi ch2n *+ng c truyUn *+ng thang my ph1i ,Ta trn V *B *+ng h2c c>a c cu nng. N)i 4!i thang my 4< my nng 7hi ,Xng c cu cb h+p t)c *+Z th9ng ,Xng l$%i *+ng c ]$ay chiUu 7i.u 2Z 2 *+ng c 7hWng *Bng 6+ cb h" V) tr`t ca$ 7i.u CZ C *+ng c hai cp t)c *+ 4< *+ng c rWt$ ,y Gun 7i.u H. N)i 4!i thang my t)c *+ ca$ c S 1Z& m}VdZ 7hi ,Xng c cu nng 7hWng cb h+p gi1m t)c th9ng ch2n l$%i *+ng c t)c *+ ch;m. Cc nh< my ch= t%$ *i"n c *Q ch= t%$ ra l$%i *+ng c m+t chiUu chuyn ,ng ch$ thang my 4!i cWng Vut # c2P 3Dd7 4< t)c *+ *-nh mc n P0 4ing}pht. 4. 5*c &i+m &*c trng cho ch &/ l6m 7ic c"a h truy0n &/ng thang my :hang my th9ng *`c lAp *5t tr$ng mWi tr9ng 7h l< 7hAc nghi"t. #hing my thy 9ng *`c *5t Y th9ng *`c *5t t%i *tnh c>a t$< nh< 4_ 4;y my nhi"t *+ c>a phing my th9ng ca$.Ch= *+ l<m 4i"c c>a *+ng c l< ngAn h%n l5p l%i 4!i tLn V) *bng cAt *i"n l!nZ mY my Z hQm ,Rng lin tc.\$ nhang *5c thX trnZ ng<nh cWng nghi"p ch= t%$ my *i"n V1n ]ut cc l$%i *+ng c chuyn ,ng ch$ thang my. Cc l$%i *+ng c *b l< : N+ng c HNJ 6a pha rW t$ lBng VbcZ rW t$ ,y GunZ *+ng c *i"n m+t chiUu 7ch tR V$ng V$ng h$5c n)i ti=p 8. (nh hng c"a t%c &/9 gia t%c 76 &/ gi:t &%i 7i h truy0n &/ng thang my Hinh 3 NB thVT ph c>a 9ng Z gia t)c a gi;t gian M+t tr$ng nhang yu cLu c 61n *)i 4!i h" th)ng truyUn *+ng thang my l< ph1i *1m 61$
6i.u ,i~n thu+c GuQng *y t)c *+ 4 Z 4< *+ th'$ th9i
ch$ 6uBng thang ,i chuy.n m. JuBng thang ,i chuy.n m hay 7hWngZ ph thu+c ch> y=u 4<$ tr- V) gia t)c c>a 6uBng thng 7hi mY my 4< hQm ,Rng. Nhang tham V) chnh *5c trng ch$ ch= *+ l<m 4i"c c>a thang my l< : t)c *+ ,i chuy.n 6uBng thang 4 m}VZ gia t)c a m} s 4< *+ gi;t
2
m} s . :rn h_nh 0.00 6i.u ,i~n cc *9ng c$ng
: GuQng *9ng *i c>a thang my Z t)c *+ 4Z gia t)c aZ 4< *+ gi;t th'$ h<m th9i gian t. :R 6i.u thc c0.2Dd ta rt ra nh;n ]8t rMng : tr- V) t)c *+ ,i chuy.n 6uBng thang Guy=t *-nh n(ng Vut c>a thang myZ tr- V) t)c *+ ,i chuy.n *5c 6i"t cb g nghsa Guan tr2ng *)i 4!i thang my tr$ng cc nh< ca$ tLng. Nhang thang my t)c *+ ca$ c4 0Z& m}Vd phX h`p 4!i chiUu ca$ nng l!nZ V) lLn ,Rng
(m )
d
t. :r$ng tr9ng h`p n<y th9i
gian 7hi t(ng t)c 4< gi1m t)c rt nhk V$ 4!i th9i gian ,i chuy.n c>a 6uBng thang 4!i t)c *+ ca$Z tr- V) t)c *+ trung 6_nh c>a thang my gLn *%t 6Mng t)c *+ *-nh mc c>a thang my. M5t 7hcZ cLn ph1i nh! rMngZ tr- V) t)c *+ ,i chuy.n c>a 6uBng thang tw l" thu;n 4!i gi th<nh c>a thang my. N=u t(ng t)c *+ c>a thang my tR 4 DZ?& m}V ln 4 0Z& m}VZ gi th<nh c>a thang my t(ng ln c3 &d lLn. JYi 4;y tuz thu+c 4<$ *+ ca$ c1u nh< m< thang my phc 4 *. ch2n tr- V) ,i chuy.n c>a thang my phX h`p 4!i t)c *+ t)i uZ *p ng *Ly *> cc cht tiu 7inh t= 4< 7j thu;t. :r- V) t)c *+ ,i chuy.n trung 6_nh c>a thang my cb th. t(ng 6Mng cch gi1m th9i gian t(ng t)c 4< gi1m t)c c>a h" truyUn *+ng thang myZ cb g nghsa l< t(ng gia t)c. Nhng 7hi 6uBng thang ,i chuy.n 4!i gia t)c Gu l!n Vl gy ra c1m gic 7hb ch-u ch$ h<nh 7hch cchbng m5tZ cb c1m gic V` hQi 4< nghot thY 4.4pd. JYi 4;yZ tr- V) gia t)c *`c ch2n t)i u l< a 2 m} s . M+t *%i l`ng 7hc Guy=t *-nh VT ,i chuy.n m c>a 6uBng thang l< t)c *+ t(ng c>a gia t)c 7hi mY my 4< t)c *+ gi1m c>a gia t)c 7hi hQm my. Nbi cch 7hc *b l< *+ gi;t c*%$ h<m 6;c nht c>a gia t)c 2m} s Z tr- V) *+ gi;t c>a t)c *+ t)i u l<
Svth: Don Hong Mai 27
2 2
da = d v = d S = dt d t d t
3
d. Hhi gia t)c a |
| 2Dm} s .
Ji.u *B l<m 4i"c t)i u c>a thang my 4!i t)c *+ trung 6_nh 4< t)c *+ ca$ *`c
6i.u ,i~n trn h_nh 0.00. Ji.u *B nLy cb th. phn th<nh & giai *$%n th'$ tnh cht thay *@i t)c *+ ,i chuy.n 6uBng thang : t(ng t)cZ ,i chuy.n 4!i t)c *+ @n *-nhZ hQm ]u)ng t)c *+ thpZ 6uBng thang *=n tLng 4< hQm ,Rng. Ji.u *B t)i u ch_nh 0.00d Vl *%t *`c n=u ,Xng h" truyUn *+ng m+t chiUu h$5c ,Xng h" 6i=n tLn y *+ng c ]$ay chiUu. N=u ,Xng h" truyUn *+ng ]$ay chiUu 4!i *+ng c 7hWng *Bng 6+ rWt$ lBng Vbc hai cp *+Z 6i.u *B l<m 4i"c *%t gLn 4!i 6i.u *B t)i u nh h_nh 0.00. N)i 4!i thang my t)c *+ ch'm.Z 6i.u *B l<m 4i"c cb 0 giai *$%n : th9i gian t(ng t)c cmY mydZ ,i chuy.n 4!i t)c *+ @n *-nh 4< hQm ,Rng. g. ;<ng ch!nh =c bu>ng thang JuBng thang c>a thang my cLn ph1i ,Rng chnh ]c V$ 4!i m5t 6<ng c>a V<n tLng cLn *=n Vau 7hi hQm ,Rng. N=u 6uBng thang ,Rng 7hWng chnh ]c Vl gy ra cc hi"n t`ng 6t lì Vau : y N)i 4!i thang my chY 7hchZ l<m ch$ h<nh 7hch ra 4<$ 6uBng thang 7hb 7h(n hnZ t(ng thii gian raZ 4<$ ,Fn *=n gi1m n(ng Vut c>a thang my. y N)i 4!i thang my chY h<ng gy 7hb 7h(n tr$ng 4i"c 6)c 4< ]=p , h<ng hba. :r$ng m+t V) tr9ng h`p 7hWng thTc hi"n *`c 4i"c 6)c ]=pZ , h<ng h$. N. 7hAc phc h;u Gu1 *bZ cb th. n nhp cc nt 6m *=n tLng cN:d lAp tr$ng 6uBng thang *. *%t *+ chnh ]c ,'n<g 6uBng thang th'$ yu cLuZ nhng nb Vl ,Fn *=n cc 4n *U 7hWng cb lì Vau : y Ikng cc thi=t 6- *iUu 7hi.n. y y t@n tht n(ng l`ng tr$ng h" truyUn *+ngZ n=u ,Xng *+ng c 7hWng *Bng
6+ rWt$ lBng Vbc truyUn *+ng thang my Vl ,Fn *=n gy ra VT pht nbng c>a *Wng c Gu gi!i h%n ch$ ph8p. y y hkng cc thi=t 6- c 7h c>a thang my. y :(ng th9i gian tR lc phanh hQm tc *+ng ch$ *=n 7hi 6uBng thang ,Rng hmn.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
28
N+ ,Rng chnh ]c c>a 6uBng thang *`c *nh gi 6Mng *%i l`ng 0.03d.
ch_nh
h_nh 0.03 ad *B ]c *-nh *+ chnh ]c 7hi ,Rng 6uBng thang 6d T ph thu+c c>a *+ ,Rng chnh ]c c>a 6uBng thang 4<$ tr- V) t)c *+ 4< gia t)c N9ng 1
MAX
= 1 m $ s *9ng 2
MAX
= 2 m $ s *9ng 3
MAX
= 3 m$s
l< m+t nKa hi"u V) c>a hai GuQng *9ng cu1 6uBng thang tr`t *I *`c tR 7hi
phanh hQm *i"n tR tc *+ng *=n 7hi 6uBng thang ,Rng hmn 7hi cb t1i 4< 7hWng cb t1i th'$ cXng m+t h!ng ,i chuy.n c>a 6uBng thang. Cc y=u t) 1nh hYng *=n *+ ,Rng chnh ]c c>a 6uBng thang gBm : mWm'n ,$ c cu phanh hQm *i"n tR Vinh raZ mWm'n Gun tnh c>a 6uBng thang 4< t1i tr2ngZ tr- V) t)c *+ ,i chuy.n 6uBng thang 7hi 6At *Lu hQm ,Rng 4< m+t V) y=u t) ph 7hc. xu tr_nh hQm ,Rng 6uBng thang ]1y ra nh Vau : Hhi 6uBng thang *i gLn *=n V<nm tLng cLn ,RngZ Vl tc *+ng 4<$ c1m 6i=n 4- tr ccWng tAc chuy.n *@i tLngd ra l"n ,Rng 6uBng thang. Cc thi=t 6- chp h<nh tr$ng V *B *iUu 7hi.n thang my crl'Z cWng tAc td cb th9i gian tc *+ng l< t cGun tnh *i"n tR c>a phLn tK chp h<nhdZ tr$ng GuQng th9i gian *bZ 6uBng thang *i *`c GuQng *9ng ch$ *=n 7hi phanh hQm *i"n tR tc *+ng l< :
S%= v t
0
m
0
c2.?d
:r$ng *b :
y tr- V) *+ ,i chuy.n c1u 6uBng thang 7hi 6At *Lu hQmZ m}V.
au 7hi phanh hQm *i"n tR tc *+ng cm phanh c>a phanh hQm *i"n tR 8p ch5t 4<$ trc *+ng c truyUn *+ngd l< Gu tr_nh hQm ,Rng 6uBng thang. :r$ng th9i gian n<t 6uBng thang *i *`c m+t GuQng *9ng l<
S% .
m c2.Pd
mv S %% = ( 2 F F
0 ph
:r$ng *b : m l< 7h)i l`ng tt c1 cc 7hu chuy.n *+ng c>a thang myZ 7g
F F
ph
y lTc 8p ,$ c cu phanh hQm *i"n tR Vinh ra cNd y lTc c1n tsnh ,$ t1i tr2ng gy ra cNd.
\u c{d h$5c ,u cyd tr$ng 6i.u thc c0.2Cd tuz thu+c 4<$ ch= *+ l<m 4i"c 6uBng thang : Hhi hQm c{dZ 7hi chuy.n *+ng cyd. Ji.u thc c0.2Cd cb th. 4i=t *!i ,%ng 7hc nh Vau :
D 2 S %% = ( 2i M M J
2 0 ph
c2.Cd
:r$ng *b :
y mWm'n Gun tnh Guy *@i 4U trc *+ng c truyUn *+ngZ 7gm2
MphZ Mc ymWm'n ,$ c cu phanh hQm *i"n tR Vinh ra 4< mW m'n c1n tsnh ,$ t1i tr2ng gy ra Z N.m
\ i
y t)c *+ gbc c>a *+ng c 7hi 6At *Lu hQm ,RngZ ra,}V y *9ng 7nh c>a puli 78$ cp Z m y tw V) truyUn.
xuQng *9ng 6uBng thang *i *`c tR 7hi c1m 6i=n 4- tr ra l"nh ,Rng *=n 7hi 6uBng thang ,Rng t%i V<n tLng ,Rng 6Mng :
D 2
S = v t +
0
&
2 0
2i " M ph 30
! C
[ m]
( 2.10)
Svth: Don Hong Mai
J+ c1m 6i=n 4- tr *`c *5t cch V<n tLng Y m+t 7h$1ng cch n<$ *b *. hi"u V) c>a hai GuQng *9ng c>a 6uBng thang *i *`c *Ly t1i 4< 7hi 7hWng t1i chia *Wi th<nh hai phLn 6Mng nhau V$ 4!i mc c>a V<n tLng . ai V) l!n nht c *+ ,Rng 7hWng chnh ]c l!n nht d *`c tnh th'$ 6i.u thc Vau :
MAX
[ m]
( 2.11)
:r$ng *b : 1 y GuQng *9ng tr`t nhk nht c>a 6uBng thang 2 y GuQng *9ng tr`t l!n nht c>a 6uBng thang #hn tch 6i.u thc c0.01d ta rt ra 7=t lu;n : cc thWng V) 1nh hYng *=n *+ chnh ]c 7hi ,Rng 6uBng thang gBm : y
y y
mW m'n Gun tnh c>a cc phLn tK chuy.n *+ng c>a 6uBng thang .
t Gun tnh *i"n tR c>a cc phLn tK chp h<nh tr$ng V *B *iUu 7hi.n c>a
thang my. Mph ZMC mW m'n ,$ c cu phanh hQm *i"n tR Vinh ra 4< t1i tr2ng c>a thang my . N)i 4!i m+t thang my Z 6a thWng V) trn cb th. c$i nh 7hWng *@i M+t thWng V) Guan tr2ng nht 1nh hYng *=n *+ ,Rng chnh ]c c>a 6uBng thang l< *%i l`ng SD ct)c *+ ,i chuy.n c>a 6uBng thang 7hi 6At *Lu hQm ,Rng d. N. nng ca$ *+ chnh ]c ,Rng 6uBng thang *)i 4!i thang my ,RngZ gi1m t)c *+ ,i chuy.n c>a 6uBng thang 7hi 6+ c1m 6i=n 4- tr ch$ l"nh ,Rng 6uBng thang. N. *nh gi *+ chnh ]c ,Rng 6uBng thang S ph thu+c 4<$ t)c *+ SD 4< gia t)c c>a 6uBng thang Z cb th. 7h1$ Vt th'$ *9ng c$ng trn h_nh 0.036. N)i 4!i thang myZ *+ 7hWng chnh ]c 7hi ,Rng 6uBng thang ch$ ph8p l<:
MAX
20 mm
h. h bin t?n &/ng c 76 h th%ng &i0u hi+n @Ac
Svth: Don Hong Mai
31
1. V *B 7h)i c>a h" 6i=n tLn *+ng c

NguBn ,T phing I" th)ng rl' cc c1m 6i=n *Lu 4<$
#^C
&i0u hi+n trung tm
I" th)ng ph tr` phanh
Ji=n tLn
Ji=n tLn
*+ng c nng h%
*+ng c *bng mY cKa
2.
i!i thi"u 4U 6i=n tLn 0g0m4 c>a $mr$n

N. thay *@i t)c *+ *+ng c 7hWng *Bng 6+ 6a pha m+t cch 6Mng phmng tuy=n tnh
1.1 N5t 4n *U.

tr$ng ph%m 4i r+ngZ cLn nguBn ]$ay chiUu cb th. thay *@i *`c tLn V) ng9i ta VK ,ng h" th)ng 6i=n tLn. Ji=n tLn 0 0MS *p ng *`c tiu chuqn chu u C 4< h^}Ch^ ch$ 4i"c lu h<nh trn t$<n th= gi!i. S_ 4;y 7hi VK ,ng 6i=n tLn 0 0MS c>a $mr$n *1m 61$ *`c VT l<m 4i"c @n *-nhZ mc *+ tin c;y ca$Z ch$ ph8p ph%m 4i *iUu chtnh r+ngZ l<m 4i"c an t$<n.4.4.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
32
1.2 :@ng Guan 4U 6i=n tLn 0 0MS 4< chc n(ng h$%t *+ng.
I_nh 2.1: Ji=n tLn 0 0MS Ji=n tLn 0 0MS cb th. h$%t *+ng Y ch= *+ c 61n 4< cb cc chc n(ng h$%t *+ng ca$ cp. N)i 4!i cc chc n(ng h$%t *+ng c 61n ta ph1i c cc thWng V) ch$ nb nh lTa ch2n ch= *+ h$%t *+ng phX h`pZ ch= *+ *iUu 7hi.n *`c lTa ch2n l< t%i chv hay tR ]a ... Cin *)i 4!i cc chc n(ng h$%t *+ng ca$ cp ta cb th. *5t tLn V) mangZ pht hi"n Gu m$m'nZ 6X m$m'n 4< 6X tr`t... Cc chc n(ng h$%t *+ng c 61n. y N5t ch= *+ *iUu 7hi.n cnDD2d. y N5t ch= *+ t%i chv}tR ]a cnDD3 4< nDDPd. y^Ta ch2n l"nh h$%t *+ng. y N5t tLn V) chuqn... . Cc chc n(ng h$%t *+ng ca$ cp. y N5t tLn V) mang cnD3/d. y Chc n(ng phanh hQm \C. y Ch)ng tt t)c *+. y Chc n(ng pht hi"n Gu m$m'n. y Chc n(ng 6X m$m'n. y Chc n(ng 6X tr`t. y NiUu 7hi.n ti=t 7i"m n(ng l`ng. y :ruyUn thWng.
' Chc n(ng #I\... Svth: Don Hong Mai
.
33 Lp: Trang b in-in t K44
2.1
i.
chng III: &y '(ng h) th*ng i$u khi%n !" +,p tr-nh i$u khi%n thang my I. /hng php m0 t m1ch tr-nh t(
Cb nhiUu phng php mW t1 th9ng *`c ,Xng tr$ng phn tch 4< t@ng h`p m%c tr_nh tT.Nb l< cc phng php 61ng chuy.n tr%ng thiZphng php *B h_nh tr%ng thi c*B h_nh M'aly 4< *B h_nh M$$r'dZ phng php lu *B nhng ta cht ]8t phng php 61ng chuy.n tr%ng thi l< *n gi1n 4< ,~ ]8t nht 4!i phng php n<y th_ cc tr%ng thi *Lu ra c>a ta Vl *`c t@ h`p 6Yi cc tr%ng thi *Lu 4<$.au *y l< n+i ,ung c>a phy ng php 61ng chuy.n tr%ng thi #hng php n<y mW t1 Gu tr_nh chuy.n *@i tr%ng thi ,!i h_nh thc 61ng. :r$ng 61ng h_nh 1 ,!i 6a$ gBm:
y
Cc c+t c>a 61ng ghi cc 6i=n 4<$ 4< cc 6i=n ra.Cc tn hi"u 4<$ l< cc tn hi"u *iUu 7hi.nc # # pd cb th. l< tn hi"u *iUu 7hi.n c>a ng9i 4;n h<nh Zc>a thi=t 6- chng tr_nh h$5c cc tn hi"u pht ra tR cc thi=t 6- cWng ngh".
Cc tn hi"u ra c1Z2pd l< tn hi"u 7=t Gu1 c>a Gu tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n 4< ghi Y c+t *Lu ra
Cc h<ng c>a 61ng ghi cc tr%ng thi tr$ng c>a m%ch c1Z2Z0pd. ) h<ng c>a 61ng cht r V) tr%ng thi c>a h".
Cc W gia$ nhau c>a c+t 6i=n 4<$ 4< cc h<ng tr%ng thi Vl ghi tr%ng thi c>a m%ch.N=u tr%ng thi m%ch 7hWng trXng 4!i tn h<ng th_ *b l< tr%ng thi 7hWng @n *-nh.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
34
Cc W gia$ nhau c>a c+t tn hi"u ra 4< cc h<ng tr%ng thi Vl ghi gi tr- tn hi"u ra tng ng.
Y 61ng trn h_nh 2 Z # # l< cc tn hi"u 4<$ 1Z 2 l< cc tn hi"u ra .I" cb 0 tr%ng thi :1 c l<m 4i"c Y t)c *2 thpd Z2 c*1$ chiUu GuaydZ 0c,Rng myd.
Mvi tr%ng thi c>a m%ch cb th. ,i~n *%t 6Mng ngWn nga 4< 7fm th'$ m+t c$n Vb *. g2i tn tr%ng thi *b.S , ta ]8t tr%ng thi 1 lc n<y my h$%t *+ng Y t)c *+ thp .N=u lc n<y ch$ 6i=n tc *+ng th_ my 4Fn l<m 4i"c Y ch= *+ thp ctr%ng thi 1 l< tr%ng thi @n *-nhdZ n=u ch$ 6i=n tc *+ng th_ my Vl chuy.n Vang tr%ng thi 2Z nhy ng tr%ng thi 2 ghi Y h<ng 1 l< tr%ng thi 7hWng @n *-nh ytr%ng thi trung gian Zm%ch *ang chuqn 6- chuy.n Vang tr%ng thi @n *-nh 7hc Zn=u ch$ 6i=n tc *+ng th_ m%ch Vl chuy.n tR tr%ng thi 1 Vang tr%ng thi 0ctr%ng thi 0 7hWng @n *-nhd. Cc 6i=n *Lu ra 1Z 2 lc n<y *Uu 6Mng D. :ng tT nh 4;y ta Vl lg gi1i cc tr%ng thi 7=t Gu1 Y h<ng 2Z h<ng 0. Hhi 61ng tr%ng thi chuy.n cht cb m+t tn hi"u th_ cb th. 7hWng ,Xng c+t tn hi"u raZ cc gi tr- tn hi"u ra *`c ghi luWn 4<$ cc W tr%ng thi chuy.n ch_nh 0d :r%ng :hi 1 2 0 I_nh 1 tn hi"u 4<$

tn hi"u 4<$
tn hi"u ra
:r%ng thi 1ct)c *+ thpd 2c*1$ chiUu Guayd 0cngng myd
:n hi"u ra
1 D 1
2 D D D
1 1
2 2
0 I_nh 2
Svth: Don Hong Mai
35
NiUu Guan tr2ng nht Y *y l< ghi *`c *Ly *> 4< *ng cc tr%ng thi Y tr$ng c>a
cc W c>a 61ng.Cb hai ch thTc hi"n cWng 4i"c n<y: Cch 1 . :r!c h=t ,Ta 4<$ cc ,a li"u 6<i t$nZ cc hi.u 6i=t 4U Gu tr_nh cWng ngh" ZtR *b ghi cc tr%ng thi hi.n nhin cb. :i=p th'$ cc tr%ng thi chuy.n r r<ng ccc tr%ng thi n<y cb V$ ghi tr%ng thi 7hc 4!i cc th tT cc h<ng cc tr%ng thi ]ut pht dZ n=u tr%ng thi n<$ 7hWng chAc chAn th_ *. tr)ngZ Vl 6@ Vung Vau. Cch 2. #hn tch ]'m ]8t tRng W *. *iUn tr%ng thi .Si"c l<m n<y l< l$gicZ ch5t chl 4< r r<ng Z tuy nhin nhiUu 7hi phn tch 7hWng th. Gu chi ly *. ,Fn *=n 7h1 n(ng phn 6i"t giaa cc W cb tr%ng thi gLn nh nhauZ ,$ 4;y rt 7hb *iUn *Ly *> cc W. Ji=n cSd :r%ng thi cd 1 2 2 3 & 2}1 3}1 3}1 3}1 3}D I_nh 0 3}D 3}D 3}1 3}D 3}D 3}D 3}1 3}1 3}D 3}D

II.
23ng h4p m1ch tr-nh t(
J<i t$n t@ng h`p m%ch tr_nh tT l< 6<i t$n 7hbZ hn naa tX m+t yu cLu *U ra l%i cb nhiUu cch gi1i Guy=t 7hc nhau Z ,$ 4;y 4n *U chung Y *y l< ph1i ,Ta 4<$ m+t cht tiu t)i u n<$ *bZ *Bng th9i *. t_m *`c l9i gi1i t)i u th_ ng$<i cc Vuy lu;n t$n h2c l$gic ng9i thi=t 7= cin ph1i t;n ,ng cc 7inh nghi"m thTc t= rt ph$ng ph 4< *a ,%ng . Y *y cht nu ra m+t V) 6!c thTc chung 4< cc 4 , c th. *. minh h$% phng php t@ng h`p m%ch tr_nh tT. :@ng h`p th'$ 61ng tr%ng thi
:r_nh tT c>a cc 6!c nh Vau:
ad :h<nh l;p 61ng chuy.n tr%ng thi.:hTc cht *y l< 4i"c ,i~n *%t cc yu 7j thu;t th<nh 7g hi"u 7i.u 61ng 6d :h<nh l;p 61ng 7ch thch 4< 61ng *Lu ra cd :_m h<m l$gic t)i gi1n 4< ch$n m%ch Cb nhiUu phng php *. t)i gi1n 61ng tr%ng thi nhng ta ,Xng phng php t@ng h`p 61ng tr%ng thi rt g2n 6Mng 61ng cacyn$ .
III.
:R phng php t@ng h`p 61ng tr%ng thi ta Vl *a ra cc *5c tnh c>a thang my 4< tR *b t@ng h`p *`c tr%ng thi *Lu ra .:R cc phng tr_nh tr%ng thi l;p *Tc 4!i *Lu 4<$ ta Vl 4i=t chng tr_nh la, ch$ thang.Cc 7h)i chc n(ng chnh c>a thang gBm cb: Oc *-nh cc yu cLu phc 4 4< lu gia cc yu cLu *b Ja 6uBng thang Ja thangc*ang nng hay *ang h%d Nngyh% 6uBng thang NiUu 7hi.n ,Rng 6uBng thang J<i t$n *bngy mY cKa 6uBng thang NiUu 7hi.n xu%t 4< *fn tr$ng thang T c) chkng hbc thi=t 6- truyUn *+ngZcc thi=t 6- c 7h cc c1m 6i=ncGu h<nh tr_nhZ Gu tr2ng t1iZ Vai h<nh tr_nhd VT c) nguBnZ...d NiUu 7hi.n thang my chY ng9i cC tLngd ta Vl 7g hi"u *. t@ h`p 4< *a ra phng tr_nh tr%ng thi ch$ *n gi1n.
y
5y '(ng cc kh*i chc n6ng chnh c a thang
:r$ng 6uBng thang cb C nt *=n cc tLng c N: d *. lTa ch2n cc tLng cLn ,i chuy.n t!i lLn l`t l< c\:1Z\:2Z\:0Z\:3Z\:&Z\:/Z\:?Z\:PZ\:Cd 4< 2 nt *bng mY cKa cng 6c l< cNCZ MCd .
Ng$<i 6uBng thang trn mvi tLng cin cb cc nt g2i tLng C tLng Vl cb 1/ nt g2i tLng c : d.:a Vl 7g hi"u :^cl< nt g2i tLng ln dZ :O cl< g2i tLng ]u)ngd. Cc nt g2i tLng lLn l`t l< : :^1 c 2i tLng *i ln Y tLng 1dZ :^2Z :^0Z :^3Z :^&Z :^/Z :^?Z :^P 4< cc nt g2i tLng ]u)ng :OC
Svth: Don Hong Mai
37
c 2i tLng ]u)ng Y tLng
CdZ :OPZ :O?Z :O/Z :O/Z :O&Z :O3Z :O0Z :O2 . y y Cc nt N:Z : 7hi *`c nhn tr%ng thi *b Vl ph1i *`c lu l%i ch9 *=n 7hi *`c ]K lg. Cc yu cLu N: Z : *`c ]K lg 7hi thang my rvi h$5c 7hi *ang cXng h<nh tr_nh chuy.n *+ng c>a 6uBng thang 4_ thang my c>a chng ta l;p tr_nh u tin th'$ h<nh tr_nh. y Hhi 6uBng thang *=n tLng yu cLu Znb huw yu cLu *Q *`c ]K lgZ ,Rng l%i m+t th9i gian *. mY cKa *bn tr1 7hch h$5c cb th. lu hn n=u *`c nhn nt cng 6c.au *b n=u cin yu cLu nb ti=p tc *`c ]K lg n=u 7hWng nb Vl ,Rng t%i 4tr tLng n<y. ]K lg yu cLu c>a cc tLng cc tLng gi)ng nhau nn ta cht 4i=t m+t tLng l< cb th. Vuy ra cc tLng 7hc ,!i *y l< 4i=t ch$ tLng 2 1. Xc nh cc yu cu phc v v lu gi cc yu cu Cc yu cLu c>a h<nh 7hch ph1i *`c ]K lg 7hi thang my *ang h$%t *+ng t%i 6t 7z th9i *i.m n<$. Ja cc nt g2i tLng tr$ng 6uBng thang cung nh nt *=n tLng Y t%i cc tLng. û tt c1 cc l"nh nMm ng$<i 7hWng ch$ ph8p ,i chuy.n *=n V$ 4!i l"nh u tin nhtZ *Bng th9i lu tt c1 cc l"nh 7hWng cXng h<nh tr_nh chnh c*`c ]c *-nh l< nh9 6i=n trung gian *ang nng h$5c *ang h%dZ Vau 7hi thTc hi"n ]$ng cc l"nh chnhZ thang my Vl Guay trY l%i thTc thi cc l"nh *Q *`c lu.
2. bi ton c nh v t!" hin t#i c$% bu&ng th%ng'

S- tr hi"n t%i c>a 6uBng thang l< *iUu 7i"n *Lu 4<$ *. ]c *-nh *`c rl' tLng.
0. (i ton c nh hnh t!)nh hin t#i c$% bu&ng th%ngc*ang nng hay *ang h%d.
J<i t$n Vl l< m+t 6!c trung gian *. chng ta ]K lg l"nh u tin th'$ h<nh tr_nh. N=u tn hi"u *ang nng *`c V't th_ tt c1 cc l"nh g2i th'$ chiUu ln Vl *`c u tin ]K lg *=n 7hi h=t m+t h<nh tr_nh ln 4< ng`c l%i.
3. *+ng h# bu&ng th%ng

Nng h% 6uBng thang l< tn hi"u *Lu ra *a 4<$ 6i=n tLn *. *iUu 7hi.n *+ng c.
&. ,i-u .hi/n 01ng bu&ng th%ng

\Rng 6uBng thang chnh ]c l< rt Guan tr2ng 6Yi 7hi ,Rng thi=u chnh ]c cb th. gy ra cc VT c). N=u ,Rng cb *+ Vai l"nh t th_ cb th. gy ra VT ,i chuy.n 7hb 7h(n
ch$ cc phng ti"n ]' *qy h<ng 4<$ 6uBng thang. N=u thi=u chnh ]c nhiUu cb th. gy 7ot cKa 7hWng mY *`c cKa 4< gy ra nhiUu VT c) 7hc. ^"nh ,Rng 6uBng thang *y `c ,Rng 7hi 6uBng thang *=n *ng 4- tr tLng cLn *=n. Cc *iUu 7i"n an t$<n c>a ,Rng 6uBng thang gBm cb : cc cKa tLng cha *bngZ cKa 6uBng thang cha *bngZ t)c *+ Gu gi!i h%n ch$ ph8p h$5c *t cp tr'$ 4.4p Cc 6i=n *Lu 4<$ c>a ,Rng thang gBm cb : cc cWng tAc tLng t%i cc tLng 4< cc r l' tLng. Cc cWng tAc tLng gBm cb C::1Z C::2Z C::0Z C::3Z C::&Z C::/ZC::?Z C::PZ C::CZ C::1D. :a 6) tr 1D cWng tAc tLng ch$ thang my C tLng 4_ 4;y chng ta Vl ]8t 2 cWng tAc tLng l< m+t c5p *. ]c *-nh 6uBng thang *ang Y tLng n<$. S , 7hi thang my *ang Y tLng 1 th_ 6uBng thang Vl tc *+ng ln 2 cWng tAc tLng l< cC::1Z C::2d Z 6uBng thang *ang Y tLng 2 Vl tc *+ng ln 2 cWng tAc tng l< cC::2Z C::0d ty ng tT 4!i cc tLng 7hc. Cc El' tLng cE^:d l< 6i=n trung gian *. ]c *-nh *`c cc 6i=n ch2n tLng cCh2n:d cLn ,Rng. :%i mvi tLng cung Vl cb tng ng m+t rl' tLng 4< m+t 6i=n ch2n tLng. S!i thang my c>a ta Vl cb cc 6i=n nh Vau: rl' tLng 1cE^:1dZ rl' tLng 2cE^:2dZ rl' tLng 0cE^:0d Z rl' tLng 3cE^:3d Z rl' tLng &cE^:&d Z rl' tLng /cE^:/d Z rl' tLng ?cE^:?d Z rl' tLng PcE^:Pd Z rl' tLng CcE^:Cd. :r%ng thi ch2n tLng gBm cb : ch2n tLng 1cCh$n:1dZ ch2n tLng 2cCh$n:2dZ ch2n tLng 0cCh$n:0dZ ch2n tLng 3cCh$n:3dZ ch2n tLng &cCh$n:&dZ ch2n tLng /cCh$n:/dZ ch2n tLng ?cCh$n:?dZ ch2n tLng PcCh$n:PdZ ch2n tLng CcCh$n:Cd. û *B c>a tr%ng thi ,Rng :
(i chuy.n 6uBng thang
4- tr thang 6Mng tLng 4< *ng 4!i yu cLu u tin
N$
(Rng 6uBng thang
Nbng mY cKa thang
J1ng tr%ng thi ch$ 6<i t$n *iUu 7hi.n ,Rng thang: Ch2n: C:: \Rng 1 1 1 :R 61ng tr%ng thi ta Vuy ra phng tr_nh l$gic ch$ ,Rng 6uBng thang:
n tt nghip
Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com D"ng = Ch!n C D"ng = Ch!n 1 CC 1 C 2 + Ch!n 2 C 2 C 3 + Ch!n 3 C 3 C + Ch!n 4 C 4 C 5 + Ch!n 5 C 5 C 6 + Ch!n 6 C 6 C 7 + Ch!n 7 C 7 C 8 + + Ch!n 8 C 8 C 9 + Ch!n 9 C 9 C 10
4+
N. ]c *-nh *`c tr%ng thi ch2n tLng cCh$n:d th_ ph1i Gua m+t V) 6!c trung gian t%$ ra cc 6i=n ph ]K lg *Lu 4<$. :a thm 6i=n trung gian rl' tLng cE^:d ,Xng *. ]K lg cc yu cLu c>a h<nh 7hch 7hi thang my *ang ch%y. :a cb lu *B ]c *-nh r l' tLng:
CN: C :^ C :O C:: ]1 C:: ]0 NN NI
E^:
CN:: cb ng9i g2i tr$ng 6uBng thang. C : ]: cb ng9i g2i tLng ln h$5c ]u)ng C:: ]1ZC:: ]0 : 6i=n trung gian ]c *-nh 6uBng thang *ang Y trn c>a tLng cLn ,Rng hay Y ,!i. NNZNI : 6i=n trung gian ]c *-nh thang *ang nng hay *ang h% *. u tin ]K lg th'$ h<nh tr_nh
#hng tr_nh l$gic
J1ng tr%ng thi ch$ rl' tLng:
CN:2 1 1 1 1 1 1
C :^2
C :O2
C::21 C::20 1 1 1 D D D 1 1 1 D D D
40
NN D 1 D D 1 D D 1 D D 1 D
NI D D 1 D D 1 D D 1 D D 1
E^:2 1 D 1 1 1 D 1 D D 1 1 D
1 1 1 1 1 1
Svth: Don Hong Mai
D D D 1 1 1 D D D 1 1 1
1 1 D 1 1 D 1 1 D 1 D 1 1 D 1 1 D 1 t@ng h`p phng tr_nh lWgic ta *`c 7=t Gu1 nh Vau:

R# 2 = D 2 "C + "C 2 ) 1 DN + C 2 ) 3 DH ! + 2 )1 + C 2 ) 1 DN DH + C
D D 1 D D 1
D 1 D D 1 D
1 1 D 1 D D
2 ) 3 DH ! G # 2 G #1 + 2 ) 3 DN !
+ G X 4 G X 3 G X 2 DN "C
:ng tT 4;y 4i=t ch$ cc tr9ng h`p cc tLng 7hc:

R# 1 = D 1 C R# 3 = D 3"C 1 ) 1 DN + G #1 C 3 ) 1 DN + C 3 )1 + C 1 ) 1 DN DH
3 ) 3 DH ! + 3 ) 3 DH ! + 3 ) 3 DH ! 4 ) 3 DH DN
+ G #3 G # 2 G #1 "C + G X 4 G X 3 DN "C R# R# R# R# R# R# 4= D 4 C 5= 6= 7= 8= 9 =
3 ) 1 DN DH + C
4 ) 3 DN + G X 4 C
/. (2i ton ng m3 c4%

Nbng mY cKa 6uBng thang ch$ ph8p h<nh 7hch 4< h<ng h$ cb th. ,i chuy.n ra 4< 4<$ 6uBng thang m+t cch h`p lgZ an t$<n 7hi thang my h$%t *+ng. C th. l< 7hi 6uBng thang *ang nng h$5c h% th_ cKa 6uBng thang 7hWng *`c ph8p mY ra gy nguy hi.m ch$ h<nh 7hch. CKa 6uBng thang *`c mY tT *+ng tr$ng th9i gian Guy *-nh 7hi thang my ,Rng t%i tLng n<$ *b Vau *b tT *+ng *bng l%i 4< cKa cung cb th. *`c *bng mY cng 6c nh9 nt *bng mY cKa cng 6c tr$ng 6uBng thang h$5c 7hi cb yu cLu g2i tLng c>a chnh h<nh 7hch t%i tLng *b 7hi thang my cha nng h$5c h%. I$5c 7hi thang *ang *bng th_ g5p ch!ng ng%i 4;t 7hWng th. *bng cKa thang. û *B Vau ]c *-nh cc tr%ng thi c>a *bng mY cKa:
Svth: Don Hong Mai
41
n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com ^"nh MY cKa
S- tr
CKa ch%m c1m 6i=n cha
*o
\Rng *ì mY & V
Nbng cKa
Ch%m c1m 6i=n *+ng
*o
O$ l"nh
N. *iUu 7hi.n *bng mY cKa ta cb cc t@ h`p 6i=n *Lu 4<$ gBm cb: y y y y y y y *bng cng 6cc\CJd MY cng 6ccMCJd C1m 6i=n 4;t c1n 7hi *bng cKacCJSCd Cb yu cLu c>a tLng c yu cLu g2i tLng 4< yu cLu *=n tLngdcC:d :h9i gian *5t *. *bng mY cKa.c:d C1m 6i=n h<nh tr_nh *Q mY h=t cKacCJMCd C1m 6i=n h<nh tr_nh *Q *bng h=t cKacCJ\Cd
O8t tr9ng h`p mY cKa ta thy rMng *. t@ h`p 6i=n *Lu 4<$ ch$ *Lu ra mY cKa ta thy:
Svth: Don Hong Mai
42
Cc 6i=n yu cLu tLngcC:dZc1m 6i=n h<nh tr_nh *bngcCJ\CdZc1m 6i=n 4;t c1ncCJSCd ph1i luWn luWn gia Y tr%ng thi c) *-nh.Nh 4;y cht cin l%i 2 6i=n l< *bng cng 6cc\CJdZth9i gianc:d ta cLn t@ h`p. J1ng ,!i th. hi"n VT t@ h`p cc tr%ng thi *Lu 4<$ *Lu ra:
\CJ 1 D D 1
: D D 1 1
CJ: 1 1 1 1
CJ\C D D D D
CJSC D D D D
\C 1 D 1 1
au 7hi t@ h`p ta *`c phng tr_nh l$gic ch$ tr%ng thi *bng cKac\Cd l<:
DC = C$DC C$ DC = C$DC C$ DC = C$DC C$ C$%C
( DC$
+ DC$ + ! !
+ DC$
C$%C " DC$ C$%C " DC$ +
4!i tr9ng h`p t@ h`p ch$ mY cKa th_ cc 6i=n t@ h`p *Lu 4<$ tng tT 4!i tr9ng h`p *bng cKa tuy nhin thm 6i=n yu cLu tLng: y cc 6i=n *Lu 4<$ c>a tr9ng h`p mY cKa 6a$ gBm y MY cng 6ccMCJd y :h9i gian *. ch$ ph8p mY cKac:d y C1m 6i=n tLngcc1m 6i=n ch$ ph8p ,Rng chnh ]c t%i tLngdcCJ:d. y C1m 6i=n h<nh tr_nh mY h=t cKacCJMCd. y u cLu c>a tLngcC:d y C1m 6i=n 4;t c1ncCJSCd y tr$ng cc 6i=n Y trn ta thy cc 6i=n c1m 6i=n tLng luWn 1 Zc1m 6i=n mY h=t cKa cung luWn 6Mng D 4_ n=u c1m 6i=n mY h=t cKa 1 th_ 7hWng cLn mY cKaZ4< c1m 6i=n 4;t c1n luWn 1 th_ cKa m!i *`c mY ra 6Yi n=u c1m 6i=n 4;t c1n 7hWng cb th_ cKa Vl *bng .cin l%i 0 6i=n 7ia thay *@i ta Vl t@ h`p tr%ng thi *Lu 4<$ ch$ *Lu ra mY cKa.\!i *y l< 61ng tr%ng thi t@ h`p: MCJ D D 1 1 D : 1 D D 1 1 C: D D D D 1 CJ: 1 1 1 1 1
43
CJMC D D D D D
CJSC 1 1 1 1 1
MC 1 D 1 1 1
Svth: Don Hong Mai
D D 1 1 D 1 D 1 1 D 1 1 1 1 D yt@ h`p ta *`c phng tr_nh tr%ng thi mY cKa nh Vau:

MC = C$ C$MC C$%C
1 1 1
1 1 1
( ( MC$ +
+ &C
))
?. (i ton i-u .hi/n 5n v 6u#t bu&ng th%ng' P. (i ton 4 l7 cc 89 c: ;y !% :i v<i th%ng'
I7.
:hi=t 6- *iUu 7hi.n l$gic 7h1 tr_nh c#r$gramma6l' ^$gic C$ntr$ldZ 4i=t tAt th<nh
/8C
#^CZ l< l$%i thi=t 6- ch$ ph8p thTc hi"n linh h$%t cc thu;t t$n *iUu 7hi.n V) thWng Gua m+t ngWn nga l;p tr_nhZ thay ch$ 4i"c ph1i th. hi"n thu;t t$n *b 6Mng m%ch V). J+ *iUu 7hi.n l$gic 7h1 tr_nh l< g tYng c>a m+t nhbm 7j V hQng 7hi.n tr$ng cWng nghi"p: \~ l;p tr_nh 4< ,~ thay *@i chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.nZ VK ,ng thch h`p tr$ng nh< my. Cu trc ,%ng m$,ul' *. ,~ ,<ng 61$ tr_ 4< VKa chaa. :in c;y hn tr$ng mWi tr9ng V1n ]ut c>a nh< my cWng nghi"p. \Xng linh 7i"n 6n ,Fn nn cb 7ch th!c nhk g2n hn m%ch r$l' chc n(ng tng *ng. i th<nh cb 7h1 n(ng c%nh tranh ca$. N5c trng c>a 7j thu;t #^C l< 4i"c VK ,ng 4i m%ch *. ]K lg thWng tin. Cc gh8p n)i l$gic cLn thi=t tr$ng Gu tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n *`c ]K lg 6Mng phLn mUm ,$ ng9i VK ,ng l;p nn 4< c<i *5t 4<$. Chnh ,$ *5c tnh n<y m< ng9i VK ,ng cb th. gi1i Guy=t nhiUu 6<i t$n 4U tT *+ng hba 7hc nhau trn cXng m+t 6+ *iUu 7hi.n 4< hLu nh 7hWng ph1i 6i=n *@i g_ ng$<i 4i"c n%p nhang chng tr_nh 7hc nhau. Nh 4;yZ 4!i chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n tr$ng m_nhZ #^C trY th<nh m+t 6+ *iUu 7hi.n V) nhk g2nZ ,~ thay *@i thu;t t$n 4< *5c 6i"t ,~ tra$ *@i thWng tin 4!i mWi tr9ng ]ung Guanh c4!i cc #^C 7hc h$5c 4!i my tnhd. :$<n 6+ chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n *`c lu nh! tr$ng 6+ nh! c>a #^C ,!i 'n'ral M$t$rV 4<$ n(m 1C/P 4< h2 *Q *U ra cc cht tiu 7j thu;t nhMm *p ng nhang yu cLu *iUu
Svth: Don Hong Mai
44
,%ng cc 7h)i chng tr_nh c7h)i JZ C h$5c Jd 4< *`c thTc hi"n l5p th'$ chu 7z c>a 4ing Gu8t cVcand. N. thTc hi"n m+t chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n tt nhin #^C ph1i cb chc n(ng nh m+t my tnh nghsa l< ph1i cb m+t 6+ 4i ]K lg cC#hdZ m+t h" *iUu h<nhZ 6+ nh! *. lu chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.nZ ,a li"u 4< ph1i cb cc c@ng 4<$ ra *. gia$ ti=p *`c 4!i *)i t`ng *iUu 7hi.n 4< *. tra$ *@i thWng tin 4!i mWi tr9ng ]ung Guanh. Jn c%nh *b *. phc 4 6<i t$n *iUu 7hi.n V)Z #^C cin cLn ph1i cb thm cc 7h)i chc n(ng *5c 6i"t 7hc nh l< 6+ *=m cC$unt'rdZ 6+ th9i gian c:im'rd 4< cc 7h)i h<m chuyn ,ng. T ra t(ng nhang ng ,ng #^C tr$ng cWng nghi"p *Q thc *qy cc nh< V1n ]ut trn th= gi!i h$<n chtnh cc h2 #^C 4!i mc *+ 7hc nhau 4U 7h1 n(ngZ t)c *+ ]K lg 4< hi"u ]ut. Cc h2 #^C pht tri.n tR l$%i l<m 4i"c *+c l;pZ cht 4!i 2D ng 4<$}ra 4< ,ung l`ng 6+ nh! chng tr_nh &DD 6!c *=n cc m$,ul' nhMm ,~ ,<ng mY r+ng thm 7h1 n(ng 4< chc n(ng chuyn ,Xng: OK lg tn hi"u lin tc cM$,ul' nal$gd. NiUu 7hi.n *+ng c 'r4$Z *+ng c 6!c. :ruyUn thWng. CXng 4!i VT pht tri.n c>a 7j thu;t 4i m%chZ 7j thu;t #^C *Q cb nhang 6!c ti=n 6+ 4y `t 6;c. Cb th. nbi n=u 7hWng cb 7j thu;t #^C th_ 7hWng cb tT *+ng hba tr$ng cc ng<nh cWng nghi"p.
2.2 V *B t@ng Gut c>a #^C.

ILu h=t cc h2 #^C c>a cc hQng V1n ]ut trn th= gi!i *Uu cb cc m$,ul' chnh nh Vau: y y y J+ ]K lg trung tm C#h: l< 6+ nQ$ c>a #^CZ ]K lg chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n. J+ 4<$}ra cInput}utput M$,ul'd: nh;n tn hi"u 4<$ 4< gKi tn hi"u ra. J+ nh! cM'm$ry M$,ul'd: ,Xng *. cha chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n ,a li"u.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
45
I_nh 1.2 : Nguyn lg chung 4U cu trc c>a m+t 6+ *iUu 7hi.n l$gic 7h1 tr_nh #^C. :hWng th9ng *. t(ng tnh mUm ,$ tr$ng ng ,ng thTc t= m< Y *b phLn l!n cc *)i t`ng *iUu 7hi.n cb V) tn hi"u *Lu 4<$Z *Lu ra cung nh ch>ng l$%i tn hi"u 4<$} ra 7hc nhau m< cc 6+ *iUu 7hi.n #^C *`c thi=t 7= 7hWng 6- cng h$ 4U cu h_nh. Chng *`c chia nhk th<nh cc m$,ul'. ) m$,ul' *`c VK ,ng nhiUu hay t tuz th'$ tRng 6<i t$nZ V$ng t)i thi.u 6a$ gi9 cung ph1i cb m+t m$,ul' chnh l< m$,ul' C#h. Cc m$,ul' cin l%i l< nhang m$,ul' nh;n}truyUn tn hi"u 4!i *)i t`ng *iUu 7hi.nZ cc m$,ul' chc n(ng chuyn ,ng nh #I\Z *iUu 7hi.n *+ng cp Chng *`c g2i chung l< m$,ul' mY r+ng. :t c1 cc m$,ul' *`c g trn nhang thanh ray cEac7d 2.2.1 M$,ul' C#h. M$,ul' C#h l< l$%i m$,ul' cb cha 6+ 4i ]K lgZ h" *iUu h<nhZ 6+ nh!Z cc 6+ th9i gianZ 6+ *=m Z c@ng truyUn thWng cE3P&dp 4< cb th. cin cb m+t 4<i c@ng 4<$}ra V). Cc c@ng 4<$}ra V) cb trn m$,ul' C#h *`c g2i l< c@ng 4<$ ra $n6$ar,. :r$ng h2 #^C ?y0DD cb nhiUu l$%i m$,ul' C#h 7hc nhau. Nbi chung chng *`c *5t tn th'$ 6+ 4i ]K lg cb tr$ng nb nh m$,ul' C#h012Z C#h013Z C#h01&p
Svth: Don Hong Mai
46
I_nh 1.0: M$,ul' C#h013. 2.2.2 M$,ul' mY r+ng. Cc m$,ul' mY r+ng *`c chia th<nh & l$%i chnh: => # c#$'r Vupplyd: M$,ul' nguBn nuWi. Cb 0 l$%i 2Z & 4< 1D. ?> M cignal m$,ul'd: M$,ul' mY r+ng c@ng tn hi"u 4<$}raZ 6a$ gBm: ad \I c\igital inputd: M$,ul' mY r+ng cc c@ng 4<$ V). ) cc c@ng 4<$ V) mY r+ng cb th. l< PZ 1/ h$5c 02 tuz thu+c 4<$ tRng l$%i m$,ul'. 6d \ c\igital $utputd: M$,ul' mY r+ng cc c@ng ra V). ) cc c@ng ra V) mY r+ng cb th. l< PZ 1/ h$5c 02 tuz thu+c 4<$ tRng l$%i m$,ul'. cd \I}\ c\igital input}\igital $utputd: M$,ul' mY r+ng cc c@ng 4<$}ra V). ) cc c@ng 4<$}ra V) mY r+ng cb th. l< P 4<$} P raZ 1/ 4<$}1/ ra tuz thu+c 4<$ tRng l$%i m$,ul'. ,d I cnal$g inputd: M$,ul' mY r+ng cc c@ng 4<$ tng tT. SU 61n cht chng chnh l< nhang 6+ chuy.n *@i tng tT V) 12 6itV c\dZ tc l< mvi tn hi"u tng tT *`c chuy.n th<nh m+t tn hi"u V) cnguynd cb *+ ,<i12 6itV. ) cc c@ng 4<$ tng tT cb th. l< 2Z 3 h$5c P tuz tRng l$%i m$,ul'. 'd cnal$g $utputd: M$,ul' mY r+ng cc c@ng ra tng tT. SU 61n cht chng chnh l< nhang 6+ chuy.n *@i V) tng tT
Svth: Don Hong Mai
47
c\d. ) cc c@ng 4<$ tng tT cb th. l< 2Z h$5c 3 tuz tRng l$%i m$,ul'.
[d I} cnal$g input}nal$g $utd:M$,ul' mY r+ng cc c@ng 4<$}ra tng tT. ) cc c@ng 4<$}ra tng tT cb th. l< 3 *Lu 4<$} 2 raZ h$5c 3 4<$}3 ra tuz tRng l$%i m$,ul'. 3> IM cInt'r[ac' m$,ul'd: M$,ul' gh8p n)i. Nay l< l$%i m$,ul' chuyn ,ng cb nhi"m 4 n)i tRng nhbm cc m$,ul' mY r+ng l%i 4!i nhau th<nh m+t 7h)i 4< *`c Gu1n lg chung 6Yi m+t m$,ul' C#h. :hWng th9ng cc m$,ul' mY r+ng *`c g liUn 4!i nhau trn m+t thanh * g2i l< rac7. :rn mvi m+t rac7 cht cb th. g *`c nhiUu nht P m$,ul' mY r+ng c7hWng 7. m$,ul' C#hZ m$,ul' nguBn nuWi #d. M+t m$,ul' C#h ?y0DD cb th. l<m 4i"c trTc ti=p *`c 4!i nhiUu nht 3 rac7V 4< cc rac7 n<y ph1i *`c n)i 4!i nhau 6Mng m$,ul' IM. @> M cuncti$n m$,ul'd: M$,ul' cb chc n(ng *iUu 7hi.n ringZ 4 , nh m$,ul' *iUu 7hi.n *+ng c 6!cZ m$,ul' *iUu 7hi.n *+ng c V'r4$Z m$,ul' #I\Z m$,ul' *iUu 7hi.n 4ing 7np A> C# cC$mmunicati$n m$,ul'd: M$,ul' phc 4 truyUn thWng tr$ng m%ng giaa cc #^C 4!i my tnh.
2.0 Cu trc 6+ nh! c>a C#h.

J+ nh! c>a ?y0DD *`c chia l<m 0 miUn chnh: => SXng cha chng tr_nh ng ,ng. SXng nh! chng tr_nh *`c chia th<nh 0 miUn: J crganiVati$n 6l$c7d: MiUn cha chng tr_nh t@ chc. C cuncti$nd: MiUn cha chng tr_nh c$n *`c t@ chc th<nh h<m cb 6i=n h_nh thc *. tra$ *@i ,a li"u 4!i chng tr_nh *Q g2i nb. J cuncti$n 6l$c7d: MiUn cha chng tr_nh c$nZ *`c t@ chc th<nh h<m 4< cb 7h1 n(ng tra$ *@i ,a li"u 4!i 6t c m+t 7h)i chng tr_nh n<$ 7hc. Cc ,a li"u n<y ph1i *`c ]y ,Tng th<nh m+t 7h)i ,a li"u ring cg2i l< \Jy\ata 6l$c7d.
n tt nghip
Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com 2) SXng cha tham V) c>a h" *iUu h<nh 4< chng tr_nh ng ,ngZ *`c
phn chia th<nh ? miUn 7hc nhauZ 6a$ gBm: I c#r$c'VV imag' inputd: MiUn 6+ *"m cc ,a li"u c@ng 4<$ V). :r!c 7hi 6At *Lu thTc hi"n chng tr_nhZ #^C Vl *2c gi tr- l$gic c>a tt c1 cc c@ng *Lu 4<$ 4< ct gia chng tr$ng 4Xng nh! I. :hWng th9ng chng tr_nh ng ,ng 7hWng *2c trTc ti=p tr%ng thi l$gic c>a c@ng 4<$ V) m< cht ly ,a li"u c>a c@ng 4<$ tR 6+ *"m I. x c#r$c'VV imag' $utputd: MiUn 6+ *"m cc ,a li"u c@ng ra V). H=t thc giai *$%n thTc hi"n chng tr_nhZ #^C Vl chuy.n gi tr- l$gic c>a 6+ *"m x t!i cc c@ng ra V). :hWng th9ng chng tr_nh 7hWng trTc ti=p gn gi tr- t!i t;n c@ng ra m< cht chuy.n chng 4<$ 6+ *"m x. M: MiUn cc 6i=n c9. Chng tr_nh ng ,ng VK ,ng 4Xng nh! n<y *. lu gia cc tham V) cLn thi=t 4< cb th. truy nh;p nb th'$ *-a cht 6itcMdZ 6yt'cMJdZ tR cMd hay tR 78p cM\d. :: MiUn nh! phc 4 6+ th9i gian c:im'rd 6a$ gBm 4i"c lu gia gi tr- th9i gian *5t tr!cc#Sy#r'V't 4alu'dZ gi tr- *=m th9i gian tc th9icCSyCurr'nt 4alu'd cung nh gi tr- l$gic *Lu ra c>a th9i gian. C: MiUn nh! phc 4 6+ *=m cC$unt'rd 6a$ gBm 4i"c lu gia gi tr- *5t tr!cc#Sy#r'V't 4alu'dZ gi tr- *=m tc th9icCSyCurr'nt 4alu'd 4< gi tr- l$gic *Lu ra c>a 6+ *=m. #I: MiUn *-a cht c@ng 4<$ c>a cc m$,ul' tng tT cI} ]t'rnal inputd. Cc gi tr- tng tT t%i c@ng 4<$ c>a m$,ul' tng tT Vl *`c m$,ul' *2c 4< chuy.n tT *+ng th'$ nhang *-a cht. Chng tr_nh ng ,ng cb th. truy nh;p miUn nh! #I th'$ tRng 6yt' c#IJdZ tRng tR c#Id h$5c th'$ tRng tR 78p c#I\d.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
49
#x: MiUn *-a cht c@ng ra ch$ cc m$,ul' t$ng tT cI} ]t'rnal $utputd. Cc gi tr- th'$ nhang *-a cht n<y Vl *`c m$,ul' tng tT chuy.n t!i cc c@ng ra tng tT. Chng tr_nh ng ,ng cb th. truy nh;p miUn nh! #x th'$ tRng 6yt' c#xJdZ tRng tR c#xd h$5c tRng tR 78p c\J\d.
3> SXng cha cc 7h)i ,a li"uZ *`c chia th<nh 2 l$%i: \Jc\ata 6l$c7d: MiUn cha cc ,a li"u *`c t@ chc th<nh 7h)i. Hch th!c cung nh V) l`ng 7h)i ,$ ng9i VK ,ng Guy *-nhZ phX h`p 4!i tRng 6<i t$n *iUu 7hi.n. Chng tr_nh cb th. truy nh;p miUn n<y th'$ tRng 6it c\OJdZ 6yt' c\JJdZ tR c\Jd h$5c th'$ tRng tR 78p c\J\d. ^ c^$cal ,ata 6l$c7d: MiUn ,a li"u *-a phngZ*`c cc 7h)i chng tr_nh JZ CZ J t@ chc 4< VK ,ng ch$ cc 6i=n nhp tc th9i 4< tra$ *@i ,a li"u c>a 6i=n h_nh thc 4!i nhang 7h)i chng tr_nh *Q g2i nb. N+i ,ung c>a m+t V) ,a li"u tr$ng miUn nh! n<y Vl 6- ]$ 7hi 7=t thc chng tr_nh tng ng tr$ng JZ CZ J. MiUn n<y cb th. *`c truy nh;p tR chng tr_nh th'$ 6it c^dZ 6yt'c^JdZ tR c^d h$5c tR 78pc^\d.
2.3 Sing Gu8t chng tr_nh.

#^C thTc hi"n chng tr_nh th'$ chu 7z l5p. Mvi 4ing l5p *`c g2i l< 4ing Gu8t cVcand. Mvi 4ing Gu8t *`c 6At *Lu 6Mng giai *$%n chuy.n ,a li"u tR cc c@ng 4<$ V) t!i 4Xng 6+ *"m 1$ IZ ti=p th'$ l< giai *$%n thTc hi"n chng tr_nh. :r$ng tRng 4ing Gu8tZ chng tr_nh *`c thTc hi"n tR l"nh *Lu tin *=n l"nh 7=t thc c>a 7h)i J1 cJl$c7 'n,d. au giai *$%n thTc hi"n chng tr_nh l< giai *$%n chuy.n cc n+i ,ung c>a 6+ *"m 1$ x t!i cc c@ng ra V). Sing Gu8t *`c 7=t thc 6Mng giai *$%n truyUn thWng n+i 6+ 4< 7i.m lvi. :h9i gian cLn thi=t *. #^C thTc hi"n *`c m+t 4ing Gu8t g2i l< th9i gian 4ing Gu8t ccan tim'd. :h9i gian 4ing Gu8t 7hWng c) *-nhZ tc l< 7hWng ph1i 4ing Gu8t n<$ cung *`c thTc hi"n tr$ng m+t 7h$1ng th9i gian nh nhau. Cb 4ing Gu8t *`c thTc hi"n lauZ cb 4ing Gu8t *`c thTc hi"n nhanh tuz thu+c 4<$ V) l"nh tr$ng chng tr_nh *`c thTc hi"nZ 4<$ 7h)i ,a li"u *`c truyUn thWngp tr$ng 4ing Gu8t *b.
Nh 4;y giaa 4i"c *2c ,a li"u tR *)i t`ng *. ]K lgZ tnh t$n 4< 4i"c gKi tn hi"u
*iUu 7hi.n t!i *)i t`ng cb m+t 7h$1ng th9i gian tr~ *ng 6Mng th9i gian 4ing Gu8t. Nbi cch 7hcZ th9i gian 4ing Gu8t Guy=t *-nh tnh th9i gian thTc c>a chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n tr$ng #^C. :h9i gian 4ing Gu8t c<ng ngAnZ tnh th9i gian thTc c>a chng tr_nh c<ng ca$.
2.3 Hj thu;t l;p tr_nh.

Chng tr_nh ch$ ?y0DD *`c lu tr$ng 6+ nh! c>a #^C Y 4Xng ,<nh ring ch$ chng tr_nh 4< cb th. *`c l;p 4!i hai ,%ng cu trc 7hc nhau:
Lp trnh tuyn tnh (linear programming): :$<n 6+ chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n nMm tr$ng m+t 7h)i tr$ng 6+ nh!. ^$%i h_nh cu trc tuy=n tnh n<y phX h`p 4!i nhang 6<i t$n tT *+ng nhkZ 7hWng phc t%p. Hh)i *`c ch2n ph1i l< 7h)i J1Z l< 7h)i m< #^C luWn Gu8t 4< thTc hi"n cc l"nh tr$ng nb th9ng ]uynZ tR l"nh *Lu tin *=n l"nh cu)i cXng 4< Guay l%i l"nh *Lu tin. Hh)i n<y*`c h" *iUu h<nh g2i th'$ chu 7z l5p 4!i 7h$1ng th9i gian 7hWng cch *Uu nhau m< ph thu+c 4<$ *+ ,a chng tr_nh. Cc l$%i 7h)i chng tr_nh 7hc 7hWng tham gia trTc ti=p 4<$ 4ing Gu8t. Cc 7h)i J 7hc 7hWng tham gia 4<$ 4ing Gu8t m< *`c g2i 6Mng nhang tn hi"u 6$ ngAt. ?y0DD cb nhiUu l$%i tn hi"u 6$ ngAt nh tn hi"u 6$ ngAt 7hi cb VT c) nguBn nuWiZ tn hi"u 6$ ngAt 7hi cb VT c) ch;p m%ch Y cc m$,ul' mY r+ngZ tn hi"u 6$ ngAt th'$ chu 7z th9i gianp 4< mvi l$%i tn hi"u 6$ ngAt nh 4;y cung cht cb 7h1 n(ng g2i m+t l$%i 7h)i J nht *-nh. Mvi 7hi ]ut hi"n m+t tn hi"u 6$ ngAt h" th)ng Vl t%m ,Rng cWng 4i"c *ang thTc hi"n l%iZ chmng h%n nh t%m ,Rng 4i"c thTc hi"n chy ng tr_nh ]K lg ngAt tr$ng cc 7h)i J tng ng.
Lp trnh c cu trc (structure programming): l< 7j thu;t ca 6<i t$n *iUu 7hi.n chung 4< t$<n 6+ cc 7h)i chng tr_nh n<y l%i *`c Gu1n lg m+t cch th)ng nht 6Yi 7h)i J1. :r$ng J1 cb cc l"nh g2i nhang 7h)i chng tr_nh c$n th'$ th tT phX h`p 4!i 6<i t$n *iUu 7hi.n *5t ra. I$<n t$<n tng tTZ m+t nhi"m 4 *iUu 7hi.n c$n cb th. cin *`c chia nhk th<nh nhiUu nhi"m 4 nhk 4< c th. hn naaZ ,$ *b m+t 7h)i chng tr_nh c$n cung cb th. *`c g2i tR m+t 7h)i chng tr_nh c$n 7hc. \uy cb m+t *iUu cm 7 ta
Svth: Don Hong Mai
51
cLn ph1i trnh l< 7hWng 6a$ gi9 m+t 7h)i chng tr_nh c$n l%i g2i *=n chnh nb. Ng$a cc m$,ul' C#h nn 7hWng *`c t@ chc chng tr_nh c$n g2i lBng nhau Gu V) lLn m< m$,ul' C#h *`c VK ,ng ch$ ph8p. #^C ?y0DD cb 6)n l$%i 7h)i c 61n: ^$%i 7h)i J crganiati$n 6l$c7d: Hh)i t@ chc 4< Gu1n lg chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n. Cb nhiUu l$%i 7h)i J 4!i nhang chc n(ng 7hc nhauZ chng *`c phn 6i"t 4!i nhau 6Mng m+t V) nguyn *i Vau nhbm 7g tT JZ 4 , nh J1Z J0&Z J3Dp
^$%i 7h)i Cc#r$gram 6l$c7d: Hh)i chng tr_nh 4!i nhang chc n(ng ring gi)ng nh m+t chng tr_nh c$n h$5c m+t h<m cchng tr_nh c$n cb 6i=n h_nh thcd. M+t chng tr_nh ng ,ng cb th. cb nhiUu 7h)i C 4< cc 7h)i C n<y *`c phn 6i"t 4!i nhau 6Mng nhang V) nguyn Vau nhbm 7g tT C. Chmng h%n nh C1Z C2 p ^$%i 7h)i J cuncti$n 6l$c7d: ^< l$%i 7h)i C *5c 6i"t cb 7h1 n(ng tra$ *@i m+t l`ng ,a li"u l!n 4!i cc 7h)i chng tr_nh 7hc. Cc ,a li"u n<y ph1i *`c t@ chc th<nh 7h)i ,a li"u ring cb tn g2i l< \ata 6l$c7. M+t chng tr_nh ng ,ng cb th. cb nhiUu 7h)i J 4< cc 7h)i J n<y *`c phn 6i"t 4!i nhau 6Mng m+t V) nguyn Vau nhbm 7g tT J. Chmng h%n nh J1Z J2 p ^$%i 7h)i \J c\ata 6l$c7d: Hh)i cha cc ,a li"u cLn thi=t *. thTc hi"n chng tr_nh. Cc tham V) c>a 7h)i ,$ ng9i ,Xng tT *5t. M+t chng tr_nh ng ,ng cb th. cb nhiUu 7h)i \J 4< cc 7h)i \J n<y *`c phn 6i"t 4!i nhau 6Mng m+t V) nguyn Vau nhbm 7g tT \J. Chmng h%n nh \J1Z \J2 p Chng tr_nh tr$ng cc 7h)i *`c lin 7=t 4!i nhau 6Mng cc l"nh g2i 7h)iZ chuy.n 7h)i. O'm nhang phLn chng tr_nh tr$ng cc 7h)i nh l< cc chng tr_nh c$n th_ ?y0DD ch$ ph8p g2i chng tr_nh c$n lBng nhauZ tc l< tR chng tr_nh c$n n<y g2i m+t chng tr_nh c$n 7hc 4< tR chng tr_nh c$n *`c g2i l%i g2i t!i m+t chng tr_nh c$n th 0 p. ) cc l"nh g2i lBng nhau ph thu+c 4<$ tRng ch>ng l$%i m$,ul' C#h m< ta VK ,ng. S , nh *)i 4!i m$,ul' C#h013 th_ V) l"nh g2i lBng nhau nhiUu nht cb th. ch$ ph8p l< P. N=u V) lLn g2i 7h)i lBng nhau m< 4`t Gu c$n V) gi!i h%n ch$ ph8pZ #^C Vl tT chuy.n Vang ch= *+ :# 4< *5t c9 6$ lvi.
I_nh 1.&: ^;p tr_nh cb cu trc.
I_nh 1./: :hTc hi"n g2i 7h)i C1D. Nh 4;yZ 7hi thTc hi"n l"nh g2i m+t 7h)i c$nZ h" *iUu h<nh Vl: Chuy.n 7h)i c$n *`c g2i tR 4Xng ^$a, m'm$ry 4<$ 4Xng $r7 m'm$ry. Cp pht ch$ 7h)i c$n m+t phLn 6+ nh! tr$ng $r7 m'm$ry *. l<m l$cal 6l$c7. Cu trc l$cal 6l$c7 *`c Guy *-nh 7hi V$%n th1$ cc 7h)i. :ruyUn cc tham tr- tR 7h)i mo ch$ 6i=n h_nh thc INZ INyh: c>a l$cal 6l$c7. au 7hi 7h)i c$n thTc hi"n ]$ng nhi"m 4 4< ghi 7=t Gu1 ,!i ,%ng tham tr*Lu ra ch$ 6i=n h:Z INyh: c>a l$cal 6l$c7Z h" *iUu h<nh Vl chuy.n cc tham tr- n<y ch$ 7h)i mo 4< gi1i phbng 7h)i c$n cXng l$cal 6l$c7 ra 7hki 4Xng $r7 m'm$ry.
B.C DgWn nga l;p tr_nh.

Cc l$%i #^C nbi chung th9ng cb nhiUu ngWn nga l;p tr_nh nhMm phc 4 cc *)i t`ng VK ,ng 7hc nhau. #^C ?y0DD cb 6a ngWn nga l;p tr_nh c 61n. Nb l<: NgWn nga li"t 7 l"nhZ 7g hi"u l< :^ ctat'm'nt liVtd. Ny l< ,%ng ngWn nga l;p tr_nh thWng th9ng c>a my tnh. M+t chng tr_nh *`c gh8p 6Yi nhiUu cu l"nh th'$ m+t thu;t t$n nht *-nhZ mvi l"nh chi=m m+t h<ng 4< *Uu cb cu trc chung tn l"nh { t$n h%ng. NgWn nga h_nh thangZ 7g hi"u l< ^\ câ,,'r l$gicd. Ny l< ,%ng ngWn nga *B h$% thch h`p 4!i nhang ng9i Gu'n thi=t 7= m%ch *iUu 7hi.n l$gic. NgWn nga h_nh 7h)iZ 7g hi"u l< J\ cuncti$n 6l$c7 ,iagramd. Ny cung l< 7i.u ngWn nga *B h$% ,<nh ch$ ng9i cb thbi Gu'n thi=t 7= m%ch *iUu 7hi.n V). M+t chng tr_nh 4i=t trn ^\ h$5c J\ cb th. chuy.n Vang *`c ,%ng :^Z nhng ng`c l%i th_ 7hWng. :r$ng :^ cb nhiUu l"nh 7hWng cb tr$ng ^\ hay J\. t'p? l< m+t phLn mUm hv tr`: ' ' ' ' Hhai 6$ cu h_nh cng ch$ m+t tr%m #^C thu+c h2 imatic ?y0DD}3DD. Oy ,Tng cu h_nh m%ng gBm nhiUu tr%m #^C ?y0DD}3DD cung nh th> tc truyUn thWng giaa chng. $%n th1$ 4< c 4!i cc h<m chuqn hau chZ phLn tr` gip $nlin' rt m%nh cb 7h1 n(ng tr1 l9i m2i cu hki c>a ng9i VK ,ng 4U cch VK ,ng t'p?Z 4U c php l"nh tr$ng l;p tr_nhZ 4U ]y ,Tng cu h_nh cng c>a m+t tr%m cung nh c>a m+t m%ng gBm nhiUu tr%m #^C p
Svth: Don Hong Mai
54
7.
chng I7: &y '(ng m0 h-nh m0 ph9ng thang my I. 5c :nh cc !n $ s; m0 ph9ng
4_ trn thTc t= cb *Ly *> cc thi=t 6- nn ta cb th. ]y ,Tng 6 cc chc n(ng c>a thang my.Nhng 7hi mW phkng trn mW h_nh c>a 'm 4!i *iUu 7i"n hin cb t%i phing th nghi"m 4< trn th- tr9ng.MW h_nh thTc t= c>a 'm cb th. 7hWng th. mW phkng *`c h=t cc tnh n(ng c>a thang.M+t V) cc thi=t 6- 7hWng gi)ng thi=t 6- th;tZ cc c1m 6i=n *`c thay th= tng *ng
II.
5y '(ng k<t cu cho m0 h-nh m0 ph9ng
III.
S!i h" th)ng lg thuy=t *Q *`c nghin cu Y cc chng tr!cZ chng ta *Q thi=t l;p *`c h" th)ng thang my trn lg thuy=t nhng cb m+t *i.m l< tt c1 *Uu cht *`c mW t1 trn lg thuy=t 4< cha *`c *a 4<$ 7i.m nghi"m. N. t(ng thm tnh Vt thTc c>a *B n 4< t(ng thm tnh thuy=t phc. Out pht tR nhang *i.m chnh *bZ 'm *i 4<$ ]y ,Tng mW h_nh thang my chY ng9i 3 tLng *n gi1n *`c *n gi1n h$ 6!t cc chc n(ng V$ 4!i cc tnh n(ng ]y ,Tng Y trn. M5c ,X 7hWng mW t1 *`c h=t cc tnh n(ng c>a thang my nhng nb cung phLn n<$ mW t1 *`c nhang tnh n(ng *iUu 7hin 6uBng thang. S!i mW h_nh n<y chng ta cb th. 4;n ,ng phng php t@ng h`p cc h" *iUu 7hi.n l$gic. Cu trc chi ti=t c>a mW h_nh *`c mW t1: Svth: Don Hong Mai 55 Lp: Trang b in-in t K44
5y '(ng k< ho1ch m0 ph9ng !" ki%m nghi)m trn th(c t<.
{ Jn tr$ng 6uBng thang cb 3 nt *iUu 7hi.n c t%m g2i l< cc nt yu cLu *=n tLng y \:: \:1Z \:2Z \:0Z \:3d 4< 3 *fn tng ng minh h$% ch$ tr%ng thi yu cLu c>a mvi nt n. { Jn ng$a / nt n *b : y :Lng 1 cb 1 nt n *. yu cLu ln cc tLng trn c 1 :^dZ 4< cb 1 *fn tr%ng thi c\N^1d minh h$% ch$ yu cLu c>a nt n : 7hi nt 1 :^ *`c nhn th_ \N^1 Vl VngZ *=n 7hi n<$ 6uBng thang ,Rng Y tLng 1 th_ \N^1 Vl Vng nhp nhyZ Vau 1 7h$1ng th9i gian thi=t l;p nb Vl tAt *i. y :Lng 2 cb 2 nt n g2i tLng c2 :^Z 2 :Od 4< 2 *fn tr%ng thi. y :Lng 0 cb 2 nt n g2i tLng c0 :^Z 0 :Od 4< 2 *fn tr%ng thi. y :Lng 3 cb 1 nt n g2i tLng c3 :Od 4< 1 *fn tr%ng thi. { C cu truyUn *+ng *. nngZ h% 6uBng thang Y *y ,Xng 1 *+ng c *i"n 1 chiUu 4< h+p gi1m t)cZ 6uBng thang *`c 78$ 6Yi 1 cp gAn Y puly trc h+p gi1m t)c Gua ,ing ,2c gAn trn nbc c>a c cu. { M+t c cu *. *bng mY cKa tLng 7hi 6uBng thang *=n tLng cLn phc 4 c ,Xng 1 *+ng c 1 chiUu cb *1$ chiUud. { N. *iUu 7hi.n cp *i"n ch$ 2 *+ng c : 1 *+ng c truyUn *+ng nng y h% 6uBng thangZ 4< 1 *+ng c *. truyUn *+ng *bng y mY cKa tLngZ Y *y ,Xng 3 rl' *. *iUu 7hi.n ch$ 2 *+ng c ng 4!i 2 chiUu chuy.n *+ngcnngyh%Z *bngymYd. { :ng ng trn mvi tLng cb gAn 1 cWng tAc tLng cc1m 6i=n tLngd *. ]c *-nh 4- tr c>a 6uBng thang. { NguBn *i"n VK ,ng ch$ mW h_nh : y \Xng nguBn &S \C h$5c 12S \C cp ch$ 2 *+ng c truyUn *+ng cI |&d y \Xng nguBn 23S \C *. cp ch$ cc c1m 6i=n tLngZ cc nt n yu cLu *iUu 7hi.n. y Cc *fn tr%ng thi *`c *iUu 7hi.n 4< nh;n trTc ti=p tn hi"u tR #^C. T m hnh xy dng sinh vin c thc tp vi cc yu cu cng ngh sau =' BCng ngh =D ?' BCng ngh ?' Oy ,Tng chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n thang my chY ng9i 3 tLng *n gi1n. y NiUu 7hi.n thang my 6Mng 3 nt *=n tLng c\:1Z \:2Z \:0Z \:3d Y tr$ng 6uBng thang 4< 3 nt g2i tLng tng ng trn mvi tLng c1 :Z2 :Z 0 :Z3 :d. Svth: Don Hong Mai 56 Lp: Trang b in-in t K44
n tt nghip
Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com y Cb 3 cWng tAc tLng 6) tr Y 3 tLng *. ]c *-nh 4- tr c>a 6uBng thang. y Minh h$% tr%ng thi *`c ch2n c>a cc nt yu cLu 6Mng cc *fn tng ng. y Cc nt yu cLu *iUu 7hi.n c\: 4< :d cb th. *`c ch2n lin ti=p 4< *`c lu giaZ 7hi *b chng *`c ]K lg u tin th'$ h<nh tr_nh. y Hhi 6uBng thang *`c *iUu 7hi.n *=n tLng yu cLu nb Vl ,Rng l%i tr$ng 4ing &VZ lc n<y *fn 6$ rt%ng thi t%i tLng *b cung Vng nhp nhy. au &V *fn Vl tAtZ n=u cin yu cLu *=n cc tLng 7hc th_ thang my ti=p tcZ cin n=u 7hWng nb Vl ,Rng l%i t%i 4- tr *b. 3' BCng ngh 3' Oy ,Tng chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n thang my chY ng9i 3 tLng *n gi1n. y NiUu 7hi.n thang my 6Mng 3 nt \: tr$ng 6uBng thang 4< 3 nt Cb 3 cWng tAc tLng 6) tr t%i mvi tLng. y Cc yu cLu *iUu 7hi.n cb th. *`c lTa ch2n lin ti=pZ minh h$% 6Mng *fn tr%ng thi Vng. Cc yu cLu n<y Vl *`c ]K lg u tin th'$ h<nh tr_nh *ang chuy.n *+ng. Hhi 6uBng thang ,i chuy.n t!i tLng yu cLuZ cKa 6uBng thang Vl mY ra *Bng th9i *fn tr%ng thi Vl Vng nhp nhyZ Vau 7h$1ng &V cKa 6uBng thang *bng l%iZ *fn tr%ng thi tAt. N=u cin yu cLu *iUu 7hi.n th_ 6uBng thang ti=p tc *`c *iUu 7hi.nZ n=u 7hWng nb Vl ,Rng t%i 4- tr tLng *b. @' BCng ngh @' Oy ,Tng chng tr_nh *iUu 7hi.n thang my chY ng9i 3 tLng *n gi1n. y NiUu 7hi.n thang my 6Mng 3 nt \: c\:1Z \:2Z\:0Z\:3d tr$ng 6uBng thang 4< / nt : c1 :^Z 2 :^Z 2 :OZ 0 :^Z 0 :OZ 3 :Od t%i cc cKa tLng. Cb 3 c1m 6i=n tLng 6) tr t%i cc tLng *. ]c *-nh 4- tr c>a 6uBng thang. y Hhi nhn cc nt \: h$5c : Z cc yu cLu n<y Vl *`c lu gia 4< Vl *`c ]K lg u tin th'$ h<nh tr_nh. y Hhi 6uBng thang t!i tLng yu cLuZ nb huw yu cLu *Q *`c ]K lgZ ,Rng l%i tr$ng 7h$1ng &VZ lc n<y *fn tr%ng thi nhp nhy 4!i tLn V) DZ&I. au 7h$1ng th9i gian n<y *fn tr%ng thi tAtZ n=u cin yu cLu nb ti=p tc ]K lgZ n=u 7hWng nb Vl ,Rng l%i t%i 4- tr tLng *b. : t%i mvi tLng.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
57

1063 Thiet Ke Va Mo Phong Thang May Voi PLC s7-300 TMP

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n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Chng I: Nghin cu phn tch cu trc thang my

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

1. #hn l$%i th'$ chc n(ng

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

2. #hn l$%i th'$ t)c *+ ,-ch chuy.n.

0. #hn l$%i th'$ t1i tr2ng

3. #hn l$%i th'$ 4- tr *5t 6+ 78$ t9i

&. :h'$ h" th)ng 4;n h<nh.

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

1. :@ng th. c 7h thang my

2. :hi=t 6- lAp *5t tr$ng 6uBng my

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

{ #uli ,Fn h!ng 2 ch_nh 1.2d.

H_nh 1.2 :cc thi=t 6- c 7h lAp tr$ng thang.

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

0. :hi=t 6- lAp tr$ng gi=ng thang my

3. :hi=t 6- lAp *5t tr$ng h) gi=ng thang my

I_nh 1.0 : C cu nng thang

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

/. Ca6in 4< cc thi=t 6- lin Guan

/.1 Hhung ca6in

/.2 Ng<m ,Fn h!ng

/.0 I" th)ng tr'$ ca 6in

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

/.3 JuBng ca6in

/.& I" th)ng cKa ca6in 4< cKa tLng

?. I" th)ng cn 6Mng tr$ng thang my

?.1 N)i tr2ng

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

?.2 Och 4< cp cn 6Mng

?.3 J+ 78$ t9i

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

P.1 #hanh hQm *i"n tR :

P.2 #hanh 61$ hi.m :

n tt nghip Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Z5c 6i"t l< )i 4!i thang my cb tr2ng t1i

y V) lLn ,Rng 6uBn thang cth'$ ,T 7i=nd `c ]c -nh trn

Vut c>a +ng c 61$ 1m thka mQn *iUu 7i"n

6i.u ,i~n thu+c GuQng y t)c + 4 Z 4< *+ th'$ th9i