Library Management System

Saira Iqbal
Concepts on Database L0290KKKK1110 MSc (IT)QP

A Database Design for College Library

Abstract
Library managment refers to the issues involved in manging the resources available in library such as classification of material, book processing and borrowing materials. UK market is mature and different systems are employed by the libraries to manage their resources in an efficient manner but still many libraries remain unconvinced and show reluctance to employ and switch over to new systems In the following sections I will analyse the limitations of existing manual system employed by a college library and will mainly focus on the solution to provide a centralised repository enabling the library administrator to store, access and process the information when required. prototype of the database to hold the information will be designed considering the available techniques and methodologies and then finally the new system prototype will be created in the light of recommendations and outcomes of the initial analysis and design. !y"#L $%!" will be recommended and used for developing the prototype of the system. I will use relational database system to represent the relation between assets of library and which will shows the data library holds. &eport will also include a complete illustration of the final prototype and 'ustification of adopting the methodologies and technologies.

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Contents Page
Section..............................................................................Page Number
1. Intro!"ction############################################################################$ 1#1# %ac&gro"n!'''''''''''''''''##$ 1#2# (b)ecti*e''''''''''''''''''##$ 1#$# Scope''''''''''''''''''''$ 1#+# Tec,nolog- .se!'''''''''''''''#$ 2. T-pes o Librar- Manage/ent S-ste/s '''''''''$ 2.1. 2.2. 0!*antages o Co/p"ter base! Libra- s-ste/'''#$ Disa!*antages''''''''''''''''##+

3. Legac- an! Propose! S-ste/'''''''''''''+ $#1#1#C"rrent S-ste/''''''''''''''''+ $#1#2#1ea&ness o C"rrent S-ste/'''''''''######+ $#2#0#2e3 S-ste/'''''''''''''''''4 $#2#1#5eat"res o Propose! S-ste/''''''''''##4 4. Literat"re 6e*ie3######################################################################4 +#1#6eq"ire/ent 0nal-sis''''''''''''''4 5. 2e3 S-ste/ Design'''''''''''''''######7 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. Concept"al Data Mo!el (86 Diagra/) ##'''''''7 Logical Design'''''''''''''''''9 2or/ali:ation'''''''''''''''' ## 12 P,-sical Design''''''''''''''''#1+

6. Data /anip"lation Lang"age'''''''''''#########19 7#1# 5"ncationalit- o SQL state/ents'''''''''#19 7. Concl"sion#################################################################################1; 8. 6eco//en!ations#####################################################################1; 9. 6e erences#################################################################################1;

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0n entit-<relations,ip !iagra/ o gi*en req"ire/ent##############9 6elational Database'''''''#'''''''''#9 SQL state/ents an! 3,at t,e state/ents !o''''''## 1+ Set o SQL state/ents t,at 3ill pro*i!e "nctionalities''##19

.0 Intro!uction
. "ac#groun!
Librar- !atabase s-ste/ is !esigne! to /aintain t,e librar- assets in a s"itable 3a-#T,is report is abo"t a rational !atabase !esign o a college librar- in 3,ic, /e/bers o t,e librar- can &eep trac& on a*ailabilit- o boo&s= in or/ation abo"t /e/bers,ip eit,er t,e- are st"!ent or sta o college= t,e- can )oin or lea*e librar- an! so/e responsibilities o librarians are a!!e!# T,e core goals o t,is report are to !e ine t,e entities= attrib"tes an! t,eir relations,ip to create a !atabase t,at can be easil- /anage b- a!/in# $ollo%ing are t&e facilities' Librarian' can in! i t,e boo& is a*ailable or not its stat"s an! ,o3 /"c, ine is !"e Member' can borro3 > ret"rn boo&s an! can lea*e an! )oin librarIn t,e report t,e in!ings !escribe t,e !e icienc- o !ata &eeping /et,o! an!= 3,ic, can be increase t,e b"!get to ,ire /anpo3er# 5ollo3ing t,ese in!ings= concl"sions are !ra3n an! a n"/ber o reco//en!ations are /a!e as to ,o3 to increase t,e reliabilit- o !ata= re!"ce re!"n!anc- an! accessibilit- to !ata ,as been /a!e stress< ree#

.2 (b)ecti*es
T,e ob)ecti*es o t,is report are to pro*i!e co/plete !atabase or college librar- 3,ic, 3ill ,elp to /ini/i:e t,e !"plication o !ata= get ri! ro/ paper illing s-ste/ an! it /a&es t,e processing o !ata *er- eas- 3it,o"t 3aste o ti/e#

.3 Sco+e
T,is report e?a/ines t,at an- e!"cational s-ste/ can "se it in t,eir libraries to !eter/ine abo"t t,e a"t,or !etail= p"blis,er@s !etail= a*ailabilit- o boo&s= can trac& /e/bers recor! etc# an! it is *ereas- to /o!i - b- /a&ing c,anges in !atabase# It !oes not e?a/ine online s-ste/ o librar-

., -ec&nology .se!
MASQL 4#0#0 in 3a/p ser*er MS Bisio 2010 DeCign or Database B7

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2.0 -y+es of Library Management Systems

T,ere are t3o t-pes o librar- /anage/ent s-ste/sD one is ol! as,ione! 3,ic, is "se! to &eep librarreso"rce@s !etail /an"all- b"t no3 a !a-s co/p"trise! librar- s-ste/s are "se! beca"se t,is is t,e 3orl! o tec,nolog- an! !e*elo/p/ent so people pre ere! to "se co/p"ter base! s-ste/s rat,er t,an /an"al#

2. A!*antages of Com+uter base! library management system

It pro*i!es ast trac&ing o /aterial Increase! Consistenc6e!"ce 3or& orce to /aintain librar- reso"rces Less e?pensi*e beca"se onl- once -o" nee! to spen! /one- on s-ste/ 2o !"plication o recor!s (cc"p- less space as or paper base! s-ste/ t,ere s,o"l! be separate space to &eep t,e/ Sec"rit- o t,e s-ste/ b- a"t,ori:ating access to li/ite! people accor!ing to t,eir rig,ts

2.3 Disa!*antages
6is& o ,ar!3are or so t3are a"iler Data can be cras,e! Training req"ire! to "n!erstan! t,e s-ste/ It req"ire! ,ig, con*ersion cost to trans or/ ile<base! s-ste/ into co/p"ter base! s-ste/

3.0 Legacy System an! Pro+ose! System

In t,is section I 3ill !iscribe abo"t t,e legac- s-ste/ an! abo"t t,e propose! s-ste/#

3. Current System
8?isting s-ste/ o t,e librar- is /an"al s-ste/ 3,ic, ,as lac& o "nctionalities# 0s !"e to large *ol"/e o boo&s an! !ail- base! q"eries s-ste/ is not co/ ertable to ,an!le !ail- transaction properl-# Current system %or# as i/ libraran! pro*i!e t,is or/ to librarian 3it, !eposit o G24 3,ic, are re "n!able at t,e en! o co"rse# ii/ "orro% boo#s St"!ents req"est or boo&s t,en librarian iss"es t,e/ boo&s irst b- c,ec&ing in registers i Members&i+ St"!ents nee!s to get /e/bers,ip b- illing a Ene3 /e/bers,ip or/F a*ailable in

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t,ese boo&s are iss"e! to so/eone else or not it too& so long= once ,eHs,e o"n! boo&= ,e too& boo& car! ro/ t,e boo& an! 3rite t,e !ate o iss"e an! ret"rn o boo& an! attac,e! st"!ent /e/bers,ip car! along 3it, t,is car! a ter t,at p"t in to recor! register 3,ic, are sorte! b- boo& categor- 3ise# St"!ent can ,ol! /a?i/"/ o nine !a-s one boo&# iii/ 1eturn boo#s 1,en st"!ent co/e to ret"rn boo& t,e librarian c,ec& in a recor! register t,e !ata o iss"e an! !ate o ret"rn o boo& along 3it, t,e boo& car! an! st"!ent car! an! ret"rn t,e st"!ent /e/bers,ip car! to st"!ent an! place boo& in rac& in sorte! /anner # $ine Calculate! I t,e !"e !ate o boo&s is passe! t,en librarian calc"late! t,e !i erence bet3een t,e iss"e !ate o boo& an! ret"rn !ate o boo&# 5ine is consi!ere! to be 40 p per !a- a ter !"e !ate#

i*/

3. . Current system %ea#nesses Di ic"lt to arrange all !ata in alp,abetical or!er Ta&e ti/e to in! boo& stat"s More sta is req"ire! to /anage librar8?pensi*e %- inHo"t process o car!s /a- ca"se !a/age to car! 3,ic, create proble/ to i!enti - 3,ic, boo& is iss"e! to 3,ic, st"!ent Mo!i ication o recor! too& so long to in! all !ata in !i erent registers Loss o assets Di ic"lt to "n!erstan! or ne3 e/plo-ee

3.2 Ne% System

2e3 eat"res 3,ic, 3ill be incorporate! 3it, !atabase !esign or librar- 3,ic, can ,an!le all q"eries regar!ing librar- an! /aintain its assets accor!ingl-#

3.2. $eatures of Pro+ose! System

Detail o eac, st"!entH/e/ber is store! in !atabase Large n"/ber o *ol"/e o boo&s are easil- /aintaine! List o st"!ents 3it, sa/e categor- can be *ie3e! List o a*ailable boo&s can be *ie3e! 5ine is easil- calc"late! b- s-ste/ a"to/aticallLibrarians can a!!H/o!i -H!elete st"!ents an! boo&s Can see t,e list o iss"e! boo&s

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List o boo&s not ret"rne! on ti/e b- entering t,eir i! or na/e o boo& %orro3ing o boo& beco/e eas- beca"se in !atabase librarian can in! in secon!s i t,is is boo& is iss"e! to so/eone else or not Librarians ,as pass3or! an! login !etail o !atabase so it is sec"re process

,.0 Literature 1e*ie%

It@s a rig,t ti/e to reb"il! t,e librar- s-ste/ beca"se as !a- b- !a- n"/ber o st"!ents an! sta are increasing in o"r instit"te an! si:e o librar- is also e?pan!ing so 3e nee! 3or& orce to ,an!le it t,at@s 3,- t,ere s,o"l! be a sea/less process 3,ic, can ,an!le all t,is press"re in proper 3a-# 0t t,at point o"r teac,er s"ggeste! t,e creation o relational !atabase s-ste/ 3,ic, can /anage all t,ese proble/s

,. 1equirement Analysis
("r librar- !atabase s-ste/ pro*i!es cost e ecti*e an! e icient proce!"re to /aintain !ata o librar-# It nee!s to store st"!ent !etails beca"se it@s an internal librar- o college so 3e !on@t nee! to store anc"sto/er@s !ata# 1e store sta !etail= librarian !etails an! a*ailable reso"rces i#e# boo&s= )o"rnals= c!s= rac&s etc# !etail in o"r !atabase# St"!ents nee! to register in librar- to get /e/bers,ip 3,ic, ,as li/it o one -ear so at ti/e o registration ,e nee!s to pro*i!e ,is na/e= co"rse na/e= i!= D(% an! a!!ress# 0 librar- car! can be iss"e! to ,i/ a ter storing !etails in s-ste/# %oo&s ,as "niq"e n"/ber or t,eir i!entit- an! categor- t-pe= a"t,or na/e= p"blis,er na/e= copn"/ber etc# an! librar- /"st ,a*e recor! o 3,ic, boo& is iss"e! to 3,ic, /e/ber o librar- an! eit,er its ret"rn on ti/e or not an! calc"lation o ine o*er!"e# 1,en a st"!ent borro3s a boo& an entr- o ,is na/e is entere! in !atabase b- librarian an! ret"rn !ate is a"to/aticall- co/es "p in s-ste/# It also s,o3s ,o3 /an- boo&s are iss"e! to one /e/ber# T,e- can onl- borro3e! /a?i/"/ o i*e boo&s at a ti/e#%e ore borro3ing an- boo& /e/bers o librar- can c,ec& i t,e boo& is a*ailable or not#

-as#s of librarians are follo%ing'

0!! /e/bers 0!! librar- car!s an! assign t,e/ to /e/bers Ian!le ret"rns C,ec& ines 0!! boo&sH assets to t,e !atabase 6e/o*e assets ro/ t,e !atabase

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6ecei*e pa-/ents ro/ /e/bers an! "p!ate t,e ines Bie3 all /e/ber@s !etail

0.0 Ne% System Design

T,ere are t,ree p,ases o !atabase s-ste/ !esign /o!el= one is concept"al !esign secon! is logical !esign an! t,ir! is p,-sical /o!el in 3,ic, !ata ,as been place! in !atabase# In o"r s-ste/ all t,ese t,ree p,ases ,a*e been !esigne! an! !escribe! accor!ingl-#

0. Conce+tual Design 451 Diagram6

E86D or 8ntit-<relations,ip /o!el= a grap,ical representation o entities an! t,eir relations,ips to eac, ot,er= t-picall- "se! in co/p"ting in regar! to t,e organi:ation o !ata 3it,in !atabasesF It is cleare! ro/ abo*e !isc"ssion t,at /ain entities o Librar- are = /e/bers (st"!ent or sta )= boo&s an! librarians 3,ic, store !ata regar!ing an- q"eries e#g# ,o3 /an- boo&s are borro3e!= ine pa-able etc# In t,is !iagra/ 3e tr- to s,o3 possible entities an! t,eir relations,ip 3it, eac, ot,er an! 3,at attrib"tes t,e- ,ol!# .sing 86 Design re!"n!anc- o /an- ite/s can be re!"ce! an! it@s a goo! practice to s,o3 relation a/ong entities#

Car!inality of t&e relations&i+7Multi+licity is !escribe! as'

0n 0"t,or can 3rite /an- boo&s (1JK) 0 boo& can ,a*e /an- a"t,ors (1JK) 0 boo& can ,a*e /an- categories (1JK) 0 /e/ber can be associate! 3it, :ero or /an- boo&s borro3e! (0JK) 0 borro3e! transaction /"st onl- be associate! 3it, one an! onl- one /e/ber (1J1) %oo&s can ,a*e :ero or /an- transactions'' (0J K) Librarian ,an!le transactions''## (1 JK) Librarian creates /e/bers,ip''# (1 JK) Librarian per or/ ine transaction' (1 JK) %orro3 transactions on ines' (1J0) Me/bers pa-s ine' '''''' (1JK) Me/bers can ,a*e onl- one /e/bers,ip'''## (1 J1) logicall- -es b"t in !atabase its 1JK beca"se t,ere 3ill be al3a-s one acti*e

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I!entifying relations&i+ is 3,en c,il! ob)ect is !epen!ent on parent ob)ect# S,o3n as !otte! lineJ <<<<<<<<< Non<i!entifying relations&i+ is 3,en t,e pri/ar- &e- attrib"tes o t,e parent /"st not beco/e pri/ar- &e- attrib"tes o t,e c,il! De ine! as contin"o"s line J In t,is !iagra/ 3e can see t,at entit- borro3Ltransaction is !epen!ent on librarian= boo&s an! /e/bers entities beca"se or e*er- transaction t,ese t,ree req"ire/ents are necessar-# 0 librarian can iss"e boo&s= Librarian pro*i!es /e/bers,ip an! !one transactions on boo&s an! can also get ine ro/ /e/bers# %eca"se /an- transactions can be !one on /an- boo&s at sa/e ti/e 3e associate boo&s 3it, transactions# In t,is 886D 3e can see t,e clear /an- to /an- relations o boo&s an! a"t,or an! si/ilarl- or boo&s an! categories entit-# T,is !iagra/ s,o3 !epen!encies o relation an! re!"ce re!"n!anc- proble/s as 3ell#

0.2 Logical Design 41elational Database Sc&ema6

0 ter 86 !esign o librar- s-ste/ 3e o"n! ne3 relations bet3een entities an! tr- to s"//arise t,e/ into proper relations (tables)J 5ntities 9 t&eir 1elations&i+s Detail -able' Aut&or Column name Primary #ey Data ty+e

Not N.LL

Comment

Saira Iqbal a"t,orLi! MPKN irstLna/e lastLna/e 1elations&i+s' Name a"t,orLboo&sLb-La"t,or -able' "oo#s Column name boo&Li! MPKN p"bLi! M5KN Aes 2o 2o I2T8O86 B06CI06(+0) B06CI06(+0)

Page : o 20 Aes 2o 2o Pri/ar- Ke- (a"t,orLi!) 5irst 2a/e o 0"t,or Last 2a/e o 0"t,or

1elations&i+ ty+e I!enti -ing

Parent a"t,or

C&il! boo&sLb-La"t,or

Car!inality Cero (r More

Primary #ey Data ty+e Aes I2T8O86 2o I2T8O86

boo&Ltitle e!ition a*ailabilitn"/Lo Lcopies state catalogLn"/ber ro3Ln"/ber acti*e Create!Lb-

2o 2o 2o 2o 2o 2o 2o 2o 2o

B06CI06(+0) B06CI06(+0) %((L I2T8O86 B06CI06(+0) I2T8O86 I2T8O86 %((L B06CI06(+0)

.p!ate!Lb-

2o

B06CI06(+0)

create! "p!ate! 1elations&i+s' Name

2o 2o

D0T8TIM8 D0T8TIM8

Not N.LL Comment Aes P6IM06A K8A (boo&Li!) 2o 5(68IO2 K8A (p"bLi!) 6858682C8S P"blis,er(p"bLi!) 2o Title o boo& 2o 2a/e o p"blis,er 2o %oo& a*ailable or not 2o Q"antit- o boo&s 2o Ooo!=ba!=e?cellent 2o 6ac& n"/ber 2o 6o3s in a rac& 2o Is boo& stolen= !a/age or lost t,en it 3o"l! be 0 ot,er3ise 1 2o 5or internal a"!iting p"rpose na/e o librarian 3,o create! entr- in D% 2o 5or internal a"!iting p"rpose na/e o librarian 3,o "p!ate! entr- in D% 2o Date ti/e o creation 2o Date ti/e o "p!ating

boo&sLboo&sLb-La"t,or boo&sLboo&sLb-Lcategorboo&sLborro3Ltransaction P"blis,erLboo&s

1elations&i+ ty+e I!enti -ing I!enti -ing 2on I!enti -ing 2on I!enti -ing

Parent boo&s boo&s boo&s P"blis,er

C&il! boo&sLb-La"t,or boo&sLb-Lcategorborro3Ltransaction boo&s

Car!inality Cero (r More Cero (r More Cero (r More (ne (r More

-able' boo#s;by;aut&or Column name Primary #ey Data ty+e a"t,orLi! boo&Li! Aes Aes I2T8O86 I2T8O86

Not N.LL Aes Aes

Comment PK > 5(68IO2 K8A (a"t,orLi!) 6858682C8S a"t,or(a"t,orLi!) PK > 5(68IO2 K8A (boo&Li!)

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Page 0 o 20 6858682C8S boo&s(boo&Li!)

1elations&i+' Name a"t,orLboo&sLb-La"t,or boo&sLboo&sLb-La"t,or

1elations&i+ ty+e I!enti -ing I!enti -ing

Parent a"t,or boo&s

C&il! boo&sLb-La"t,or boo&sLb-La"t,or

Car!inality Cero (r More Cero (r More

-able' boo#s;by;category Column name Primary #ey Data ty+e categor-Li! boo&Li! Aes Aes I2T8O86 I2T8O86

Not N.LL Aes Aes

Comment PK > 5(68IO2 K8A (categor-Li!) 6858682C8S Categories(categor-Li!) PK > 5(68IO2 K8A (boo&Li!) 6858682C8S boo&s(boo&Li!)

1elations&i+s' Name

1elations&i+ ty+e boo&sLboo&sLb-LcategorI!enti -ing CategoriesLboo&sLb-Lcategor- I!enti -ing -able' "orro%;-ransactions Column name Primary #ey borro3LtransactionLi! Aes librarianLi! 2o

Parent boo&s Categories

C&il!

Car!inality

boo&sLb-Lcategor- Cero (r More boo&sLb-Lcategor- Cero (r More

Data ty+e I2T8O86 I2T8O86

Not N.LL Aes Aes

Comment P6IM06A K8A (borro3LtransactionLi!) 5(68IO2 K8A (librarianLi!) 6858682C8S librarian(librarianLi!) 5(68IO2 K8A (boo&Li!) 6858682C8S boo&s(boo&Li!) 5(68IO2 K8A (/e/berLi!) 6858682C8S /e/bers(/e/berLi!) 1,en t,e boo& is borro3e! 1,en t,e boo& is ret"rne! 1,o borro3e! (na/e o /e/ber) 1,o ret"rne! D"e !ate o boo& borro3e! I ret"rne! 1 ot,er3ise 0 5or internal a"!iting p"rpose na/e o librarian

boo&Li!

2o

I2T8O86

Aes

/e/berLi!

2o

I2T8O86

Aes

borro3e!L!ateti/e ret"rne!L!ateti/e borro3e!Lbret"rne!Lb!ateL!"e isLret"rne! create!Lb-

2o 2o 2o 2o 2o 2o 2o

D0T8TIM8 D0T8TIM8 B06CI06(+0) B06CI06(+0) D0T8 %((L B06CI06(+0)

2o 2o 2o 2o 2o 2o 2o

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Page

o 20 3,o create! entr- in D% 5or internal a"!iting p"rpose na/e o librarian 3,o "p!ate! entr- in D% Date ti/e o creation Date ti/e o "p!ating

.p!ate!Lb-

2o

B06CI06(+0)

2o

create! "p!ate! 1elations&i+s' Name

2o 2o

D0T8TIM8 D0T8TIM8

2o 2o

1elations&i+ ty+e boo&sLborro3Ltransaction 2on I!enti -ing borro3Ltransaction 2on L ine!Ltransactions I!enti -ing librarianLborro3Ltransaction 2on I!enti -ing /e/bersLborro3Ltransaction 2on I!enti -ing -able' Categories Column name categor-Li! categor-Lna/e

Parent boo&s

C&il!

Car!inality

borro3Ltransaction Cero (r More

borro3Ltransaction ine!Ltransactions Cero (r (ne librarian /e/bers borro3Ltransaction Cero (r More borro3Ltransaction (ne (r More

Primary #ey Data ty+e Aes 2o I2T8O86 B06CI06(+0)

Not N.LL Aes 2o

Comment P6IM06A K8A (categor-Li!) 2a/e o categor- e#g Science= Cri/e etc

1elations&i+s' Name

1elations&i+ ty+e CategoriesLboo&sLb-Lcategor- I!enti -ing -able' $ine!;-ransactions Column name Primary Data ty+e #ey ine!LtransactionLi! Aes I2T8O86 /e/berLi! 2o I2T8O86 librarianLi! 2o I2T8O86 I2T8O86 B06CI06(+0) B06CI06(+0) B06CI06(+0) D0T8TIM8 D0T8TIM8 B06CI06(+0)

Parent Categories

C&il!

Car!inality

boo&sLb-Lcategor- Cero (r More

borro3LtransactionLi! 2o a/o"ntLa!!e! a/o"ntLrecei*e! notes !elete! create! create!Lb2o 2o 2o 2o 2o 2o

Not Comment N.LL Aes P6IM06A K8A ( ine!LtransactionLi!) Aes 5(68IO2 K8A (/e/berLi!) 6858682C8S /e/bers(/e/berLi!) Aes 5(68IO2 K8A (librarianLi!) 6858682C8S librarian(librarianLi!) Aes 5(68IO2 K8A (borro3LtransactionLi!) 6858682C8S borro3Ltransaction(borro3LtransactionLi!) 2o Total 0/o"nt 5ine! 2o 0/o"nt recei*e! till !ate 2o To a!! notes 2o Date > Ti/e o Deletion 2o Date > ti/e o transaction creation 2o 5or internal a"!iting p"rpose na/e o librarian 3,o create! entr- in D%

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1elations&i+' Name borro3Ltransaction L ine!Ltransactions librarianL ine!Ltransactions /e/bersL ine!Ltransactions

1elations&i + ty+e 2on I!enti -ing 2on I!enti -ing 2on I!enti -ing

Parent borro3Ltransaction librarian /e/bers

C&il! ine!Ltransactions ine!Ltransactions ine!Ltransactions

Car!inality Cero (r (ne Cero (r More Cero (r More

-able' Librarian Column name librarianLi! na/e "serLna/e pass3or! create!Lb-

Primary #ey Aes 2o 2o 2o 2o

Data ty+e I2T8O86 B06CI06(+0) B06CI06(+0) B06CI06(+0) B06CI06(+0)

Not N.LL Aes 2o 2o 2o 2o

Comment P6IM06A K8A (librarianLi!) Librarian 2a/e .ser na/e assigne! to librarian Pass3or! or login 5or internal a"!iting p"rpose na/e o librarian 3,o create! entr- in D% 5or internal a"!iting p"rpose na/e o librarian 3,o "p!ate! entr- in D% Date ti/e o creation Date ti/e o "p!ating I librarian is acti*e or not 1,- not acti*e

"p!ate!Lb-

2o

B06CI06(+0)

2o

create! "p!ate! acti*e inacti*eLreason 1elations&i+' Name

2o 2o 2o 2o

D0T8TIM8 D0T8TIM8 %((L B06CI06(+0)

2o 2o 2o 2o

librarianLborro3Ltransaction librarianL ine!Ltransactions librarianL/e/bers,ip -able' Members Column name /e/berLi! e?ternalLi! /e/berLt-pe /e/berLna/e

1elations&i+ ty+e 2on I!enti -ing 2on I!enti -ing I!enti -ing

Parent librarian librarian librarian

C&il!

Car!inality

borro3Ltransaction Cero (r More ine!Ltransactions Cero (r More /e/bers,ip Cero (r More

Primary #ey Aes 2o 2o 2o

Data ty+e I2T8O86 I2T8O86 B06CI06(+0) B06CI06(+0)

Not N.LL Aes Aes 2o 2o

Comment P6IM06A K8A (/e/berLi!) ID 5or librar- "se 8it,er its sta or st"!ent 2a/e o /e/ber

Saira Iqbal p,oneLn"/ber gen!er e/ail acti*e create!Lb2o 2o 2o 2o 2o I2T8O86

Page 3 o 20 2o 2o 2o 2o 2o Contact n"/ber o /e/ber Male or 5e/ale 8/ail a!!ress 0cti*e or inacti*e 5or internal a"!iting p"rpose na/e o librarian 3,o create! entr- in D% 5or internal a"!iting p"rpose na/e o librarian 3,o "p!ate! entr- in D% Date ti/e o creation Date ti/e o "p!ating

B06CI06(+0) B06CI06(+0) %((L B06CI06(+0)

"p!ate!Lb-

2o

B06CI06(+0)

2o

create! "p!ate! 1elations&i+s' Name /e/bersLborro3Ltransaction /e/bersL ine!Ltransactions /e/bersL/e/bers,ip

2o 2o

D0T8TIM8 D0T8TIM8

2o 2o

1elations&i+ ty+e Parent 2on I!enti -ing /e/bers 2on I!enti -ing /e/bers I!enti -ing /e/bers

C&il! borro3Ltransaction ine!Ltransactions /e/bers,ip

Car!inality (ne (r More Cero (r More 8?actl- (ne

In logical !esign /o!el 3e can see t,e all entities= t,eir !ata t-pes= constraints on t,e/ an! t,eir relations#

0.3 Normali<ation
Tables in !atabase are !esigne! to "se t,ir! nor/al or/ ($25)# 0s 3e &no3 t,at to "se t,ir! nor/al or/ o"r table /"st satis - t,e req"ire/ent o irst nor/al or/ ((125) an! secon! nor/al or/ (225)#Most o t,e tables in !atabase ,a*e been !esigne! to &eep opti/i:ation in /in!# 1e "se nor/ali:ation to re/o*e "p!ate= !elete > insert ano/alies# I ,a*e "se! t,e ollo3ing 3a- to nor/ali:e /- tables# I ,a*e e?plaine! onl- one table ,ereJ My boo#s table before normali<ation %oo&Li! %oo&Ltitle 8!ition %oo&Lcategor-1

%oo&Lcategor-2

P"blis,er

0"t,orLna/e

N$ %- i/ple/enting 5irst 2or/al or/al I ,a*e to c,ec& t,at t,ere s,o"l! be no /"ltiple *al"es against an- iel! o a table an! I ,a*e to create a separate table or eac, set o relate! !ata 3it, "niq"e pri/ar- &e-# To appl- irst nor/al or/ I /a&e so/e c,anges in abo*e table= I separate a"t,orLna/e iel! into t3o iel!s ( irst na/e > last na/e) an! i!enti - boo&Li! as pri/ar-L&e-# "oo#;i! %oo&Ltitl e 8!ition %oo&Lcategor-1 %oo&Lcategor-2 P"blis,er 0"t,orL5na/e 0"t,orLLna/e

2N$ 5or 2n! 2or/al or/ t,e non &e- attrib"tes s,o"l! be "ll- !epen!ent on co/posite pri/ar- &e-= partial !epen!enc- is not allo3e!#

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5irst I create! t3o tables ro/ abo*e tables to associate 3it, repeating gro"p o !ata an! relate t,e/ 3it, oreign &e-# 0 ter t,is I ,a*e to c,ec& t,at eac, non<&e- iel! in t,e table 3ill be an attrib"te t,at !escribes t,at Pri/ar- Ke"oo#s -able "oo#;i! %oo&Ltitl 8!ition %oo&Lcategories P"blis,er e Aut&or -able "oo#;i! a"t,orL na/e

a"t,orLlna/e

%- "sing 225 t3o tables create! boo&s table 3it, boo&s !etail b"t no repeat iel!s as in 125 an! a"t,or table associate! 3it, boo&s table none o no<&e- ele/ent is partiall- !epen!ent on pri/ar&e-# 3N$ T,e inal nor/ali:ation o /- table is $r! nor/al or/# To ac,ie*e t,is nor/al or/ I ,a*e to eli/inate t,e non<&e- *al"es 3,ic, are not "ll- "nctionall- !epen!ent on pri/ar- &e- o t,e table# Aut&or -able 0s a"t,or na/e is not !irectl- !epen!ent on boo& i! so a separate table is create! or it 3it, its o3n pri/ar- &e- i! aut&or;i! 5irstLna/e lastna/e 11 Denial S,a, 12 Iqbal Mittal "oo#;by;aut&or -able' T,e relations,ip bet3een boo& an! a"t,or table is /aintaine! in boo&La"t,or table 3,ic, is /an- to /an- as /an- a boo& ,as /an- a"t,ors an! an a"t,or can 3rite /an- boo&s# T,is relation is establis,e! b- creating a t,ir! table boo&La"t,or 3,ic, /aps boo& to a"t,or an! *ice *ersa# T,is table contains t3o iel!s bot, as oreign &e-s 3,ic, re er to boo& an! a"t,or table respecti*el- to establis, one to /an- relations,ip on bot, si!es# "oo#;i! 4001 4002 "oo#s -able P"blis,er i! is "se! as oreign &e-# "oo#;i! %oo&Ltitle 4001 C(D Pub;i! 8!ition 720 1st a*ailabilit-es 2o#o copies 10 state goo! acti*e 1 a"t,orLi! 11 122

Sa/e r"le is applie! or categor- table as a"t,or@s table# T,e /e/bers,ip is separate! ro/ /e/ber@s table to a*oi! "nctional !epen!enc-# 0n! si/ilarl- 3e split p"blis,er table ro/ boo&s table to a*oi! !ata !"plication# ine!Ltransactions table is &ept separate ro/ borro3e!Ltransactions table in or!er to /ini/i:e re!"n!anc-#

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0., P&ysical !atabase Design

0 ter logical !esign o !atabase I p"t !ata in !atabase to create table an! t,eir attrib"tes= I r"n ollo3ing q"eries in MASQL consoleJ# A!! -able =boo#s> -----------------------C680T8 T0%L8 Pboo&sP ( Pboo&Li!P I2T8O86 2(T 2.LL= Pboo&LtitleP B06CI06(+0)= Pe!itionP B06CI06(+0)= Pp"bLna/eP B06CI06(+0)= Pp"bL!ateP D0T8= Pa*ailabilit-P %((L= Pn"/Lo LcopiesP I2T8O86= PstateP B06CI06(+0)= PcatalogLn"/berP I2T8O86= Pro3Ln"/berP I2T8O86= Pacti*eP %((L= Pcreate!Lb-P B06CI06(+0)= P"p!ateLb-P B06CI06(+0)= Pcreate!P B06CI06(+0)= P"p!ate!P B06CI06(+0)= C(2ST60I2T PPKLboo&sP P6IM06A K8A (Pboo&Li!P) )D A!! -able =borro%;transaction> ////////////////////////////////////////// C680T8 T0%L8 Pborro3LtransactionP ( Pborro3LtransactionLi!P I2T8O86 2(T 2.LL= PlibrarianLi!P I2T8O86 2(T 2.LL= Pboo&Li!P I2T8O86 2(T 2.LL= P/e/berLi!P I2T8O86 2(T 2.LL= Pborro3e!L!ateti/eP D0T8TIM8= Pret"rne!L!ateti/eP D0T8TIM8= Pborro3e!Lb-P B06CI06(+0)= Pret"rne!Lb-P B06CI06(+0)= P!ateL!"eP D0T8= PisLret"rne!P %((L= Pcreate!Lb-P B06CI06(+0)= P"p!ate!Lb-P B06CI06(+0)= Pcreate!P B06CI06(+0)= P"p!ate!P B06CI06(+0)= C(2ST60I2T PPKLborro3LtransactionP P6IM06A K8A (Pborro3LtransactionLi!P) )D A!! -able =librarian> ////////////////////////////// C680T8 T0%L8 PlibrarianP ( PlibrarianLi!P I2T8O86 2(T 2.LL=

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Pna/eP B06CI06(+0)= P"serLna/eP B06CI06(+0)= Ppass3or!P B06CI06(+0)= Pcreate!Lb-P B06CI06(+0)= P"p!ate!Lb-P B06CI06(+0)= Pcreate!P B06CI06(+0)= P"p!ate!P B06CI06(+0)= Pacti*eP %((L= Pinacti*eLreasonP B06CI06(+0)= C(2ST60I2T PPKLlibrarianP P6IM06A K8A (PlibrarianLi!P) )D A!! -able =member> /////////////////////////// C680T8 T0%L8 P/e/bersP ( P/e/berLi!P I2T8O86 2(T 2.LL= Pe?ternalLi!P I2T8O86= P/e/berLt-peP B06CI06(+0)= P/e/berLna/eP B06CI06(+0)= Pp,oneLn"/berP I2T8O86= Pgen!erP B06CI06(+0)= Pe/ailP B06CI06(+0)= Pacti*eP %((L= Pcreate!Lb-P B06CI06(+0)= P"p!ate!Lb-P B06CI06(+0)= Pcreate!P B06CI06(+0)= P"p!ate!P B06CI06(+0)= C(2ST60I2T PPKL/e/bersP P6IM06A K8A (P/e/berLi!P) )D A!! -able =members&i+> //////////////////////////////// C680T8 T0%L8 P/e/bers,ipP ( PlibrarianLi!P I2T8O86 2(T 2.LL= P/e/berLi!P I2T8O86 2(T 2.LL= Pregistre!L!ateti/eP D0T8TIM8= Pregistre!Lb-P B06CI06(+0)= P/e/bers,ipLstat"sP %((L= P/e/bers,ipLe?pir-L!ateP D0T8= P6IM06A K8A (PlibrarianLi!P= P/e/berLi!P) )D A!! -able =fine!;transactions> /////////////////////////////////////// C680T8 T0%L8 P ine!LtransactionsP ( P ine!LtransactionLi!P I2T8O86 2(T 2.LL= P/e/berLi!P I2T8O86 2(T 2.LL=

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PlibrarianLi!P I2T8O86 2(T 2.LL= Pborro3LtransactionLi!P I2T8O86 2(T 2.LL= Pa/o"ntLa!!e!P B06CI06(+0)= Pa/o"ntLrecei*e!P B06CI06(+0)= PnotesP B06CI06(+0)= P!elete!P B06CI06(+0)= Pcreate!P B06CI06(+0)= Pcreate!Lb-P B06CI06(+0)= C(2ST60I2T PPKL ine!LtransactionsP P6IM06A K8A (P ine!LtransactionLi!P) )D $oreign #ey constraints ////////////////////////////// Q0LT86 T0%L8 Pborro3LtransactionP 0DD C(2ST60I2T Pboo&sLborro3LtransactionP 5(68IO2 K8A (Pboo&Li!P) 6858682C8S Pboo&sP (Pboo&Li!P)D Q0LT86 T0%L8 Pborro3LtransactionP 0DD C(2ST60I2T PlibrarianLborro3LtransactionP 5(68IO2 K8A (PlibrarianLi!P) 6858682C8S PlibrarianP (PlibrarianLi!P)D Q0LT86 T0%L8 Pborro3LtransactionP 0DD C(2ST60I2T P/e/bersLborro3LtransactionP 5(68IO2 K8A (P/e/berLi!P) 6858682C8S P/e/bersP (P/e/berLi!P)D Q0LT86 T0%L8 P/e/bers,ipP 0DD C(2ST60I2T PlibrarianL/e/bers,ipP 5(68IO2 K8A (PlibrarianLi!P) 6858682C8S PlibrarianP (PlibrarianLi!P)D Q0LT86 T0%L8 P/e/bers,ipP 0DD C(2ST60I2T P/e/bersL/e/bers,ipP 5(68IO2 K8A (P/e/berLi!P) 6858682C8S P/e/bersP (P/e/berLi!P)D Q0LT86 T0%L8 P ine!LtransactionsP 0DD C(2ST60I2T PlibrarianL ine!LtransactionsP 5(68IO2 K8A (PlibrarianLi!P) 6858682C8S PlibrarianP (PlibrarianLi!P)D Q0LT86 T0%L8 P ine!LtransactionsP 0DD C(2ST60I2T Pborro3LtransactionL ine!LtransactionsP 5(68IO2 K8A (Pborro3LtransactionLi!P) 6858682C8S Pborro3LtransactionP (Pborro3LtransactionLi!P)D Q0LT86 T0%L8 P ine!LtransactionsP 0DD C(2ST60I2T P/e/bersL ine!LtransactionsP 5(68IO2 K8A (P/e/berLi!P) 6858682C8S P/e/bersP (P/e/berLi!P)D Q0LT86 T0%L8 Pa"t,orP 0DD C(2ST60I2T Pboo&sLa"t,orP 5(68IO2 K8A (Pboo&Li!P) 6858682C8S Pboo&sP (Pboo&Li!P)D

2.0 Data Mani+ulation Language 4DML6

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Eis a a/il- o co/p"ter lang"ages "se! b- co/p"ter progra/s an!Hor !atabase "sers to insert= !elete an! "p!ate !ata in a !atabase# C"rrentl- t,e /ost pop"lar !ata /anip"lation lang"age is t,at o SQL= 3,ic, is "se! to retrie*e an! /anip"late !ata in a 6elational !atabase#F 5ollo3ing q"eries are "se! to insert= "p!ate an! !elete !ata ro/ !atabase(s,o3n e3 q"eries onl-)J INS51- IN-( Pa"t,orP (Pa"t,orLi!P= P irstLna/eP= PlastLna/eP) ?AL.5S (2007= Re!o,R= Rsan!aR)D INS51- IN-( Pboo&sP (Pboo&Li!P= Pp"bLi!P= Pboo&LtitleP= Pe!itionP= Pa*ailabilit-P= Pn"/Lo LcopiesP= PstateP= PcatalogLn"/berP= Pro3Ln"/berP= Pacti*eP= Pcreate!Lb-P= P"p!ateLb-P= Pcreate!P= P"p!ate!P) ?AL.5S (1= 0= RC(DR= R2n!R= 1= 10= Re?cellentR= $= 4= 1= RsairaR= RsairaR= R2010<10<12 12J10J0$R= R2010<10< 12 12J10J0$R)D INS51- IN-( Pboo&sLb-La"t,orP (Pa"t,orLi!P= Pboo&Li!P) ?AL.5S (2007= $)D INS51- IN-( PcategoriesP (Pcategor-Li!P= Pcategor-Lna/eP) ?AL.5S (19+7= RCo/p"tingR)D INS51- IN-( P ine!LtransactionsP (P ine!LtransactionLi!P= P/e/berLi!P= PlibrarianLi!P= Pborro3LtransactionLi!P= Pa/o"ntLa!!e!P= Pa/o"ntLrecei*e!P= PnotesP= P!elete!P= Pcreate!P= Pcreate!Lb-P) ?AL.5S (1= += 2= 1= R0R= R0R= Rno ineR= R2011<02<07R= R2011<02<02 10J0$J01R= RsairaR)D .PDA-5 boo&s S5- boo&Ltitle S RMCIP@ @A515 boo&Li!S $D D5L5-5 ro/ boo&s @A515 boo&Ltitle S@28@D

2. $unctionality of SBL Statements

-o fetc& a*ailable co+ies of a s+ecific boo# <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< S8L8CT (boo&s#n"/Lo Lcopies< te/p#borro3e!Lboo&sLco"nt ) as a*ailableLcopies 56(M boo&s L85T T(I2 ( S8L8CT co"nt(K) as borro3e!Lboo&sLco"nt 56(M borro3Ltransaction 1I868 boo&Li!S1 02D isLret"rne!S0 ) as te/p (2 boo&s#boo&Li!S1 1I868 boo&s#boo&Li!S1D -o fin! boo#s %it& o*er!ue !ate <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< S8L8CT /e/bers#/e/berLna/e= boo&s#boo&Ltitle= borro3Ltransaction#borro3e!L!ateti/e= borro3Ltransaction#!ateL!"e 56(M borro3Ltransaction L85T T(I2 /e/bers (2 borro3Ltransaction#/e/berLi!S/e/bers#/e/berLi! L85T T(I2 boo&s (2 borro3Ltransaction#boo&Li!Sboo&s#boo&Li! 1I868 DateL!"e US R2011<02<09R 02D isLret"rne!S0 Searc& fine +ayable against members <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< S8L8CT /e/bers#/e/berLi!= /e/bers#/e/berLna/e=

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(s"/(a/o"ntLa!!e!)<s"/(a/o"ntLrecei*e!) )pa-ableLa/o"nt 56(M /e/bers Le t Toin ine!Ltransactions (2 ine!Ltransactions#/e/berLi! S /e/bers#/e/berLi! gro"p b- /e/bers#/e/berLi! ,a*ing (s"/(a/o"ntLa!!e!)<s"/(a/o"ntLrecei*e!) ) Q 0 Some ot&er functions /////////////////////////// S8L8CT /e/berLi!=librarianLi!=a/o"ntLa!!e! ro/ ine!Ltransactions 1I868 a/o"ntLa!!e!Q4D S8L8CT /e/berLt-pe= /e/berLna/e ro/ /e/bers 1I868 /e/berLt-peVSRst"!entRD S8L8CT /e/berLna/e=/e/berLt-pe=gen!er 56(M /e/bers (6D86 %A /e/berLna/e D8SCD S8L8CT boo&Ltitle= p"bLna/e 56(M boo&s 1I868 p"bLna/e LIK8 RW3illia/WRD

3.0 Conclusion
T,e /ain concl"sion t,at can be !ra3n is t,ere ore t,at "sing M-SQL !atabase s-ste/ ,as been !esigne! or college librar- 3,ic, can be "se! to store !ata regar!ing boo&s= /e/bers o librar- an! can also "p!ate= !elete an! a!! ne3 recor!s# T,is !atabase is !esigne! 3it, t,at le?ibilit- t,at it can be i/ple/ente! in an- librar- in "t"reD it can be /o!i ie! easil- into ne3 tec,nolog-# 1e can a!! as /an- !ata as req"ire!#

8.0 1ecommen!ations
In t,e lig,t o t,ese concl"sions= I reco//en! t,at !atabase s,o"l! be !esigne! or e*er- librar-# 1e s,o"l! establis,e! online librar- s-ste/ b- "sing t,is !atabase !esign at bac&en! In a!!ition= contin"e to in*estigate ne3 lang"ages or !atabase !esign so t,at a better access to !atabase reso"rces 3o"l! be ,appen in "t"re#

:.0 1eferences
8ntit- 6elations,ip !iagra/ .6LJ ,ttpJHH333#3ebope!ia#co/HT86MH8Hentit-Lrelations,ipL!iagra/#,t/l X3ebope!ia 2010Y 0ca!e/ic 6eport 1riting Te/plate .6LJ ,ttpJHH3332#elc#pol-"#e!"#,&HCILLHreports#,t/ XCILL 2010Y Data Manip"lation Lang"age .6L J ,ttpJHHen#3i&ipe!ia#orgH3i&iHDataLManip"lationLLang"age X3i&ipe!ia 2011Y Concepts on !atabase .6LJ ,ttpJHH333#!-bo3s&i#orgHst/Hco! XC(D 2010Y

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