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Thiet Ke Nghien Cuu
Thiet Ke Nghien Cuu
Nguyn Tn t
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2.
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M t c nhng thit k thng c s dng trong nghin cu khoa hc y hc v hn ch ca mi loi nghin cu Trnh by c nhng yu cu c bn ca tng loi nghin cu Xc nh c loi nghin cu thch hp cho cng nghin cu c th
Nghin cu l g? Thit k nghin cu l g? Mc ch ca nghin cu trong y khoa NCT Vs NCL Cc loi thit k NCL NC Quan st: m t v phn tch NC can thip Cc bc thc hin mt thit k nghin cu Nguyn tc xc nh thit k nghin cu Yu cu c bn ca mi thit k nghin cu Mc chng c y hc ca cc thit k nghin cu
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l mt s kho st, hc tp c tnh cch khoa hc khm ph kin thc mi v trc nghim kin thc. l mt h thng bao gm nhng bc c trnh t gii quyt vn . l mt cng c cho s pht trin ca khoa hc, bt k khoa hc thun tu hoc ng dng.
L mt k hoch m t chi tit cc bc c bn xc nh: i tng nghin cu, phng php thu thp s liu, phng php phn tch l gii kt qu nhm m t hin trng, suy din nguyn nhn, hoc kt lun v hiu lc ca mt bin php can thip. L mt chin lc, qua cu hi nghin cu s c gii p.
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Kin thc mi
NGHIN CU KHOA HC
K nng
K thut mi
Cng c
Cung cp dch v
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THIT K M t
QUAN ST
M t bnh trng Hnh thnh gi thuyt nhn qu Tng quan Bo co mt ca Hng lot ca Ct ngang m t
So snh
Xc nh nguyn nhn So snh
Phn tch
Ct ngang phn tch Bnh-chng on-h
So snh
CAN THIP
Th nghip lm sng Th nghim thc a Can thip cng ng 8
K i trng/100.000 n
Bo Co Mt Ca
AI : tui, gii, v.v.
c im bnh l 1 ca
U KHI NO
GI THUYT
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Hng Lot Ca
Ai, u, Khi no
c im bnh l n ca
GI THUYT
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Ct Ngang
Dn S Nghin Cu Mu Nghin Cu
PN+ B+ PN B-
B+ PN+ BPN -
PN+ B+ PN B+
PN+ B PN B
Thi im nghin cu
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Bnh-Chng
PN+ B+ PNPN+ Dn s nghin cu
on H Tin Cu
PN +
B+ BB+
Dn s nghin cu
on H Hi Cu
PN+
Dn s nghin cu
B+ BB+
t1 : Bt u
on H
ON H HI CU
Retrospective cohort study
ON H TIN CU
Prospective cohort study
1995
2012
Chng ta ang y !
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Th Nghim Lm Sng
CT+ Dn s nghin cu
Phn
HQ +
b
ngu nhin
HQ
HQ +
CT-
HQ
Bt u: to Pht hin hiu qu : t1
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Thit K Nghin Cu
Lot ca
M t
2. Nguyn nhn g ?
Bnh-Chng
on h
Can thip
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Thit K Nghin Cu
NC Phn Tch : Xc nh kt hp Nguyn Nhn Hu Qu
S hin mc
Bnh mn tnh n NN, n HQ
S hin mc, mi mc
Bnh him n NN, 1 HQ
S mi mc
NN him 1 NN, n HQ
Ct Ngang
BnhChng on H
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1.
1. 2.
3.
Chn dn s nghin cu: l dn s m ngi nghin cu chn ra nhng i tng nghin cu, cn gi l dn s chn mu. Chn v xp loi hoc phn b i tng nghin cu Thu thp d kin (nh gi hoc quan st cc bin s) X l v phn tch d kin
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2. Chn mu:
Chn dn s
Dn s nghin cu
Chn mu
Mu nghin cu Thu Thp d kin i tng c nghin cu Xp loi i tng Phn tch d kin
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2. Chn mu:
Mu i din
3.Thu thp d kin: Bin c lp (nguyn nhn), bin ph thuc (hu qu) 4. Phn tch d kin So snh t sut hin mc gia 2 nhm c v khng c nguyn nhn
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Chn dn s Chn mu
Dn s nghin cu
PN+ B+
PN+ B-
PNB+
PNB25
2. Chn mu:
3.Thu thp d kin: Bin c lp (nguyn nhn) trn c 2 nhm bnh v chng 4. Phn tch d kin So snh t sut hin mc gia 2 nhm c v khng c bnh, xc nh OR.
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Chn dn s Chn mu
Dn s nghin cu
Bnh
Chng
PN+
PN-
PN+
PN27
2. Chn mu:
Cha c hu qu lc bt u nghin cu
3.Thu thp d kin: Tin cu hoc hi cu 4. Phn tch d kin So snh t sut mi mc gia 2 nhm c v khng c tip xc, xc nh RR.
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Chn dn s Chn mu
Dn s nghin cu
C phi nhim
Thu Thp d kin (Pht hin bnh)
B+
B-
B+
B29
Gm 2 nhm: phn b ngu nhin vo 2 nhm: nhm can thip & nhm khng can thip
3.Thu thp d kin: Theo di khm ph hu qu xy ra 4. Phn tch d kin So snh t sut hu qu 2 nhm, tng t nh trong nghin cu on h.
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Chn dn s
Dn s nghin cu
HQ+
HQ-
HQ+
HQ-
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Cu hi NC
Mc ch NC
Chin lc NC
- M t s phn b ca mt hin tng sc khe
- So snh t sut hin mc: hnh thnh gi thuyt So snh tn s ca nhng yu t hoc iu kin trong cc nhm khc nhau kim nh gi thuyt So snh tn s ca hiu qu trong cc nhm can thip v nhm chng kim nh gi thuyt
Thit k NC
Nghin cu m t
Hin tng sc - M t mt hin khe xy ra i vi tng sc khe ai, u, khi no? -Xc nh mi quan h nhn qu
Nhng nguyn Xc nh nguyn nhn ca hin nhn ca mt hin tng sc khe l tng sc khe g? Can thip vo nh gi hiu lc, nguyn nhn c ci tc ng ca mt thin c sc bin php can thip khe hay khng?
Nghin thip
cu
can
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a) Yu cu chung - : S lng nghin cu phi - ng: D kin thu thp phi chnh xc, do , i hi tnh khch quan trong quan st, o lng, v dng c o lng phi chnh xc.
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b) Yu cu ring ca tng loi thit k NC NC ct ngang (m t, phn tch) cn mt dn s mc tiu, v mu phi c chn i din NC bnh-chng: nn chn c dn s nhng ngi c bnh. Chng nn chn mt mu i din t dn s nhng ngi khng c bnh (nn cng mt dn s vi bnh). Nu chn chng trong bnh vin, nn trnh nhng loi bnh c cng yu t phi nhim ca bnh ang kho st. NC on h: Nhng bin s gy nhiu c th nh hng n s xut hin ca bnh, do , tnh so snh c ca c hai nhm NC phi c m bo trn mi kha cnh, tr bin s kho st. NC can thip: yu cu ging NC on h, v bin php can thip phi c phn b ngu nhin vo nhng nhm NC.
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M c
c im nhn din
Tng hp c h thng (SR) vi s ng nht (s ging nhau ca cc nghin cu) v cc nghin cu th nghim (nghin cu th nghim ngu nhin c i chng vi phng php m); hoc 1 hoc nhiu nghin cu th nghim ln vi cc khong tin cy hp
Cc nghin cu bn thc nghim (khng c phn b ngu nhin)
kin ca chuyn gia vi s ph bnh r rng, hoc da trn sinh l, nghin cu hoc t s nht tr.
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