Chem 120 DVC Instructor: M.

Corcoran Monatomic Ions, Acid Nomenclature, and Polyatomic Ions

1 H
+ +

17 2 Be
2+

18

13 4
3+ 4+

14

15

16 O
2-

Li

N 5
V
2-5+

3-

FClBr
-

Na+ Mg2+ 3 K
+

6
Cr
2,3,6+

7
Mn
2-7+

8
Fe Fe
2+ 3+

9
Co Co
2+ 3+

10
Ni Ni Pd Pd
2+ 3+ 2+ 4+

11
Cu Cu
+ 2+

3+ 12 Al

S2-

Ca Sr

2+

Sc

3+ Ti

Ti

Zn

2+

Rb

2+

Zr La
3+

4+

Mo

2-6+

Ag Cd
Au Au
+ 2+

2+

Sn Sn Pb Pb

2+ 4+ 2+ 4+

Cs Ba

2+

Hf

4+

2-6+

Os2-6,8+

Pt Pt

2+ 4+

Hg2+ Hg2 2+

H+, H-, O2-, S2- and N3- don't exist as discrete ions under normal conditions. Transition metal ions typically form complexes in aqueous solutions.

Formulas for Common Acids Formula Name Binary Acids (without oxygen) Named hyrdo -root name-ic acid* HCl hydrochloric acid HBr hydrobromic acid HI hydroiodic acid HF hydrofluoric acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid HCN hydrocyanic acid *For example chloride has the root name chlor- which becomes hydrochloric acid. Exception is hydrosulfuric acid instead of hydrosulfic acid Polyatomic Acids (with oxygen) Named -ate replaced by -ic ; -ite by -ous HClO4 perchloric acid HNO3 H2SO4 H3PO4 H2CO3 H2SO3 HNO2 CH3COOH Bold acids are strong acids nitric acid sulfuric acid phosphoric acid carbonic acid sulfurous acid nitrous acid acetic acid

Chem 120 (M. Corcoran)

Formulas of Polyatomic Ions Formula Cations NH4+ H3O Anions CH3COO- (or C2H3O2-) CNOHClO
+

Name ammonium hydronium acetate cyanide hydroxide hypochlorite chlorite chlorate perchlorate nitrite nitrate permanganate carbonate hydrogen carbonate (or bicarbonate) chromate dichromate arsenate oxalate peroxide phosphate

ClO2

ClO3 ClO4 NO2NO3-

MnO4CO32HCO3CrO4
22-

Cr2O7 AsO4 C2O4 O22PO43HPO4 SO32HSO3 SO42-

3-

2-

2-

hydrogen phosphate dihydrogen phosphate sulfite hydrogen sulfite (or bisulfite) sulfate hydrogen sulfate (or bisulfate)

H2PO4-

HSO4 Bold ions are most common

A good approach to the hypo-, -ite, -ate, and per- prefixes and suffixes is to memorize the ate ion. The other ions are named relative to the -ate ion: One fewer O than ate is ite Two fewer O than ate is hypo- -ite One more O than ate is per- -ate