21.21.102.

"
- "

'

2
.
.

ii

.1 1 ........................... ................................ ................................ ................................
.2 2 .............................. ................................ ................................ ................................
.3 3 .............................. ................................ ................................ ................................
.3.1 3 ........................ ................................ ................................ ................................
.3.2 3 ........................................ ................................ ................................
.3.3 4 ..................................... ................................ ................................
.3.3.1 6 ............................... ................................ ................................
.3.3.2 7 ......................................... ................................ ................................
.4 11 ................. ................................ ................................ ................................
.4.1 12 .......................... ................................ ................................
22 ...................................... ................................ ................................ Process Flow Diagram .4.2
.5 27 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................
.5.1 27 .............................. ................................ ................................ ................................
.5.2 27 ............................ ................................ ................................ ................................
.5.3 27 ...................... ................................ ................................ ................................
.6 28 ..................... ................................ ................................ ................................
.6.1 28 .......... ................................ ................................ ................................
.6.2 28 ............... ................................ ................................ ................................
.6.3 29 .................. ................................ ................................ ................................
.6.4 29 ........................................ ................................ ................................
.6.5 30 ............... ................................ ................................ ................................
.6.5.1 30 ........................................ ................................ ................................
.6.5.2 31 ............... ................................ ................................ ................................
.7 32 .......................... ................................ ................................ ................................
.8 32 ......................... ................................ ................................ ................................
.9 33 .................................. ................................ ................................ ................................

iii

:1 2.......................................................................

()6

:1 2.........................................................
:2 4..............................................................................
:3 4.................................................................................
:4 5............................................................................................
:5 30....................................................................
:6 31......................................................................
:8 33............................................................................
:9 35......................................................................

.2

-

,
.

.
.
2
. .
.

.1
,

. ,
3,2 .
.
, ,1 :

-,

, .

. .
. :
o

.1
.

:1

.1
,
.
()1

)(1

.3.3.1.2
:1

() 6

Aluminum chloride
)hexahydrate (ACH
AlCl3*6H2O
7784-13-6
241.431

Aluminum chloride
)(AC
AlCl3
7446-70-0
133.34

colorless, hygroscopic
crystalline

white, hexane crystalline

or powder, hygroscopic

physical form

111
2.398

192.6
( 181 )
2.48

Melting Point
Boiling Point
density

45.1

45.1

EtOH, ethyl ether

benzene, ctc, chloroform

Formula
CAS
mol. Weight

( solubility

[
]
qualitative solubility

..
...2
5,2

.
.
:3
.1.1.1 , ,1984 41,111
.
.1.1.2 , ,1984 9,111 .
.1.1.3 , ,1984 21,111 31,111 .
:

5% ) .(ACH

15% - ).(AC

14.3% ) .(AC

7.7% ).(ACH

2.3% ) .(AC

13.4% ).(AC

).(ACH

42.3%

.
1989:

()bulk truckloads

()small drums

21-
.
.
,
.

...1
, , .2,5
.Al2O3
. 3 .4

4
:

:3

:2

3.99
3.61
3.68
3.77

-Al2O3
-Al2O3
-Al2O3
-Al2O3

Aluminium oxide
,
Al2O3
111.96
3.97 g/cm3

2054C
2980C

()T=25 C -

()T=25 C -

4 .
1981 $151- $281 .
. .
:
.A , , ,
, - , .
85% , , "
). "(Bayer
.B , .Al2Si2O5(OH)4
.C , ,
, .Na3KAl4Si4O16
.
""
,

....

.
.
:
)1 .
)2 COCl2 .

5
)3 .
)4 .

. :
()1

. ,
" .
Na2O ,CaO ,SiO2 ,Fe2O3 ,K2O ,MgO ,P2O5 :' .
, ,
0.4% .
.
.25Kcal/mol ,
.
,
) , )1(Al2O3*3H2O(s . ,
,
.
, .
5%- , :
1111 ,

, 8111- 61 ,

. Spec - .5

Aluminum chloride hexahydrate

1,111

95-96%

:4

: ( )5 :

:1 2"

:3 5-10"

:2 5-2"

4 10-20"

,
.

.....2
:

.1.1.3.3 ACH

()3

HCl
:

)(2

- .
71-81 , .

HCl - .
o

- 15% .

- 35% .

- 32% .100%

100% .11-21%

15-151 .
, .
61 , .111%
,FBR
HCl .

.1.1.3.3 ACH

()3

:
)

) (

) (

) (

.
.reductive chlorination ,
, . 100%
,FBR , .
, .82%

441-751 1-5
:

-y .HCl
1 .111%

- y
, .

-
. y .
600-750 y .1
o

Na2O 0.005ppm

Na2O 0.4%

.
.

72% .
.

.....1

1.125

61 1

667

84

:
alumina tri hydrate .A
chlorine gas .B
HCl .C 35%
.D DI

121 2

.1.1.3.3

HCl 32% 35%

.spec

.1.1.3.3
.3.3.2.2.1 ,ATH , .
.3.3.2.2.2 ,ATH - .1
.3.3.2.2.3 HCl 35% .30%
.3.3.2.2.4 HCl 31%

.1
.3.3.2.2.5 1 71-81 .

. 61.
.3.3.2.2.6 1 .
,
.35%
.
.3.3.2.2.7 .
.3.3.2.2.8 .
.3.3.2.2.9 , .
.3.3.2.2.11 , rotary klin
.
.3.3.2.2.11 .
.3.3.2.2.12 2
.3.3.2.2.13 2

, .FBR
.3.3.2.2.14 .
.3.3.2.2.15 2 .ACH ,

.3.3.2.2.16 spec .
.3.3.2.2.17 ,
.

10

.1.1.3.1

ACH

)3 :1
1
80

:
)(

70

10-20%

)(

)(

30%

)(

X2

spec

rotary klin

:2
ACH

440 61
1-5atm

:
ATH-Alumina Tetra hydrate
ACH-Aluminum Chloride Hexa hydrate

)(

11

.4
:

1 .

233 .

4 .

5 .

6 .

] [

][Atm

] [

12

.4.2

22

Process Flow Diagram .4.1

27

.5
.5.2
()5,11

, .

, .
. ,
.
,

.5.1

()11,8

,
. , .
, .

()12

- , .

.
. , .
.
.

)13( 35% .
,
- , .
o

.
, , .

.

, . ,
. , , .

: ,.

: , .

.5..

. :

.
purge . .

28

, .
.

, - ,
. ,
-

, . , ,
,
. ,
. .

.6
.6.2
, ,
. MSDS .
, .

,:

, , ,
.

,
,
. ,
( ,)iso900X ".

.6.1
.

29

,
. .
.
. .
, .
.

.6.. :
, ,
. ,
, -
, , ,
.

.6.4
.
,
.
.
,
. / -
, .
()
.
- / -
.

30

.6.5
)4,6,9(

.6.5.2

7647-11-1
36.46
111
:
(

72.0 g/100 mL (20 C)

(
)
Extremely reactive
with alkalis and
moisture.
Keep container dry.
Never add water to
this product.
Keep away from such
as oxidizing agents,
organic
materials, metals,
alkalis, moisture. May
corrode metallic
surfaces. Store in a
metallic or coated
fiberboard drum
using a strong
polyethylene inner
package.
Storage: Keep
container tightly
closed. Keep
container in a cool,
well-ventilated area.

1344-28-1
111.96
2172
2981

7784-13-6
241.431
) (111
182.22

:
79.04
J/(mol K)

Not Applicable

( )[

)[

45.1(

EtOH, ethyl ether

(
)

7446-70-0
133.34
192.6
) (181
:
(
]

45.1(

[
]
benzene, ctc,
chloroform

)9(

(
)
,

Not Applicable

CAS
Mw
( )
( )

)11(

)11(

Strong oxidizing
agents, alcohols,
H2O

Keep away from

incompatibles such
as oxidizing agents,
acids.
Keep container
tightly closed. Keep
container in a cool,
well-ventilated area.
Do not store above
24C .

DO NOT use aluminum

or galvanised
containers Check
regularly for spills and
leaks Lined metal can,
lined metal pail/ can.
Plastic pail.
Polyliner drum.
For low viscosity
materials Drums and
jerricans must be of
the non-removable
head type.
Where a can
is to be used as an
inner package, the can
must have a screwed
.enclosure

store in a cool dry

location with
adequate
ventilation and out
of direct sunlight.
Keep away from
water and other
incompatible
materials. Keep
containers tightly
closed
to prevent
contamination with
moisture, which will
react with and
degrade the
product. Do
not store in
unlabeled
containers.

:5

. 6 :

31
()4,6,9

.6.5.1

7782-51-5
71.91

CAS
Mw
) (
) (

34.14:

()9

()11

( 1 46%

(
)

bases, metals,
halogens,
,reducing agents
amines, metal
carbide, metal
oxides, oxidizing
materials, acids
Keep separated
from substances.
Store outside or
in a detached
building.

:6

32

.7
1. R.O. Loutfy, J.C.Withers. "Production of Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride from
Hydrated Alumina", U.S. Patent 4,559,215, Dec 17, 1985.
2. O.Kirk,"Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", vol2 4th edition, john wuley & sons,
1991, Canada. p.281-287.
3. "Ulmann`s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", vol 2 6th edition, wiley-VCH, 2003,
Germany.
4. http://www.slac.stanford.edu/BFROOT/www/Detector/Backgrounds/BkG4Sim/Plan
ning/Validations/neutronCounters/04_02_85.pdf , 13.11.2113 :
5. http://www.basemetal.co.in/alcl3.html , 13.11.2113 :
6. http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_3/2_3_6.html
,
13.11.2113 :
7. http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/propylene-glycol-d_363.html
13.11.2113 :
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_oxide_(data_page)
13.11.2113 :
9. http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_3/2_3_6.html
13.11.2113 :
10. http://www.labchem.com/tools/msds/msds/LC10810.pdf , 13.11.2113 :
11. http://hbchemical.com/admin/uploads/ATH-A202.pdf
13.11.2113 :
12. http://www.clean.cise.columbia.edu/msds/chlorine.pdf 13.11.2113 :
13. https://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924285
13.11.2113 :

: .8
http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/carey/student/olc/ch12friedelcraftsacyla
.13.11.2113 : , 1 , tion.html

33

.9
2
:
18gr

F3

ACH ~100%
F1
F4

HCl

Cl2

T=6000C
Xcl=0.85
Y=1
t

hr

25gr
ACH 72%
Water 22.8%
HCl 0.05%
5.1%

Cl2 100%
)(gas
F2
:
Y 1 :

F27

ACH ~100%
0.099ton
F62

HCl

Cl2

F46
T=6000C
Xcl=0.85
Y=1
t=2hr

ACH 72%
Water 22.8%
HCl 0.05%
5.1%

(gas) Cl2 100%

F05

ACH 111%
:

PPM

%
%
%

1.13

CaO

1.24

HCl

6.7

%
%

O
1.11
:7

34
:

,4% :

,ACH , 20% :

31%

]%
]%

[
[

35
:

F63

F25

F03
HCl 35%

2
F41
F47
F45

F411

( )bed size HCl

F47 :

21

1.1112

68.79

ACH

:8

,F47

.2
-

HCl 1

35% 31% HCl

36

.1 :1
522.6

21%
] [
.2 :2
,ACH ,
-

] [
21% :

] [