Chng 2: Cc k thut iu khin cng sut trong h thng thng tin di ng ...

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CHNG 2 CC K THUT IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG H THNG THNG TIN DI NG TH H 3 UMTS
2.1 Gii thiu chng V trong mt mng WCDMA rt nhiu ngi s dng cng hot ng trn cng mt tn s, nn nhiu ng knh l mt vn nghim trng, PC chu trch nhim iu chnh cng sut trn ng ln v ng xung gim thiu mc nhiu ny nhm m bo QoS yu cu. Trong chng ny chng ta i su vo phn tch mt s k thut iu khin cng sut trong h thng thng tin di ng th h ba UMTS. 2.2 ngha ca iu khin cng sut minh ho vic iu khin cng sut cn thit nh th no trong h thng WCDMA, chng ta xem xt mt n l c hai thu bao gi nh. Thu bao 1 gn trm gc hn thu bao 2. Nu khng c iu khin cng sut, c hai thu bao s pht mt mc cng sut c nh p, tuy nhin do s khc nhau v khong cch nn cng sut thu t thu bao 1 l pr1 s ln hn thu bao 2 l pr2. Gi s rng v lch v khong cch nh vy m pr1 ln gp 10 ln pr2 th thu bao 2 s chu mt s bt li ln. Nu t s SNR yu cu l (1/10) th chng ta c th nhn ra s chnh lch gia cc SNR ca hai thu bao. Hnh (2.1) minh ho iu ny. Nu chng ta b qua tp m nhit th SNR ca thu bao 1 s l 10 v SNR ca thu bao 2 s l (1/10). Thu bao 1 c mt SNR cao hn nhiu v nh vy n s c c mt cht lng rt tt, nhng SNR ca thu bao 2 ch va so vi yu cu. S khng cn bng ny c xem l bi ton xa-gn kinh in trong mt h thng a truy cp tri ph. H thng ni trn c coi nh t ti dung lng ca n. L do l nu chng ta th a thm mt thu bao th 3 pht cng mc cng sut p vo bt c ch no trong th SNR ca thu bao th 3 s khng th t c gi tr yu 19

Chng 2: Cc k thut iu khin cng sut trong h thng thng tin di ng ...

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cu. Hn na, nu chng ta c a thm thu bao th 3 vo h thng th thu bao th 3 s khng nhng khng t c SNR yu cu m cn lm cho SNR ca thu bao 2 b gim xung di mc SNR yu cu. P
Thu bao 2 c S/N = 1/10

Thu bao 1 c S/N = 1

f Hnh 2.1. Cng sut thu t 2 thu bao ti trm gc Vic iu khin cng sut c a vo gii quyt vn xagn v tng ti a dung lng h thng. iu khin cng sut l iu khin cng sut pht t mi thu bao sao cho cng sut thu ca mi thu bao trm gc l bng nhau. Trong mt , nu cng sut pht ca mi thu bao c iu khin cng sut thu ca mi thu bao trm gc l bng vi Pr th nhiu thu bao hn c th s dng trong h thng. V d trn, nu SNR yu cu vn l (1/10) th tng cng c th c 11 thu bao c s dng trong (hnh 2.1). Dung lng c tng ti a khi s dng iu khin cng sut. iu khin cng sut nhm mc ch chng li hiu ng Fading Rayleigh trn tn hiu truyn i bi vic b cho Fading nhanh ca knh truyn. Ngoi ra vic iu khin cng sut cn c tc dng gim nhiu a ng. V cng sut pht ca my di ng thp nn lm tng tui th ca pin. 2.3 Phn loi iu khin cng sut C nhiu phng php iu khin cng sut trong h thng thng tin t bo. Khi xt n mt h thng iu khin cng sut thc t, cn xem xt nhng mt sau:

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Chng 2: Cc k thut iu khin cng sut trong h thng thng tin di ng ...

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- Tiu chun cht lng: tiu chuNn cht lng c nh gi thng qua t s SIR (Signal to Interference) v BER (Bit Error Rate). N u cng tn hiu v nhiu khng i SIR v BER bao gm cc thng tin tng ng v cht lng . - Nhng php o: thng thng nhng php o c a ra trong bo co bao gm cc ch s cht lng QI (Quality Indicator) phn nh cht lng v ch s cng tn hiu nhn c RRSI (received signal strength indicator) phn nh cng tn hiu thu c ca my thu. N hng gi tr ny c lng t ho th s dng t mu. - Thi gian tr : tn hiu o lng v iu khin cn thi gian dn n lm xut hin thi gian tr trong mng. 2.3.1 iu khin cng sut cho ng xung v ng ln iu khin cng sut cho ng ln (t MS n BS) DS-CDMA l mt yu cu h thng rt quan trng v hiu ng gn-xa. Trong trng hp ny, cn c mt di ng iu khin khong chng 80 dB. ng xung, khng yu cu iu khin cng sut trong h thng n t bo, t cc tn hiu c truyn cng nhau v thay i cng nhau. Tuy nhin trong h thng a t bo, nhiu giao thoa t cc bn cnh lm gim s c lp t v tr cc cho v do lm gim hiu sut. N h vy, phi s dng iu khin cng sut trong trng hp ny lm gim s giao thoa gia cc . 2.3.2 iu khin cng sut phn tn v tp trung Mt b iu khin tp trung c tt c cc thng tin v cc kt ni c thit lp v li knh, v iu khin tt c cc mc cng sut trong mng hay mt phn ca mng. iu khin cng sut tp trung theo yu cu tn hiu iu khin phm vi rng trong mng v khng th ng dng trong thc t. Chng c th s dng a ra gii hn v hiu sut ca thut ton phn tn. B iu khin phn tn ch iu khin cng sut ca mt trm pht n v thut ton ch ph thuc vo ni b, nh SIR hay li knh ca ngi s dng c bit. N hng thut ton ny thc hin tt trong trng hp l tng, nhng trong cc h thng thc t c mt s hiu ng khng thch hp nh : 21

Chng 2: Cc k thut iu khin cng sut trong h thng thng tin di ng ...

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- Tn hiu o v iu khin lm mt thi gian dn n thi gian tr trong h thng - Cng sut pht hp l ca my pht b hn ch bi gii hn vt l v s lng t ha. N hng hn ch bn ngoi khc nh cng sut pht cc i trn mt knh c bit tc ng n cng sut ra. - Cht lng l mt s o c ch quan v cn phi tn dng s o c khch quan hp l.

Hnh 2.2. Phn loi k thut iu khin cng sut cng sut

2.3.3 Phn loi iu khin cng sut theo phng php o Theo phng php o, k thut iu khin cng sut c phn thnh 3 loi: - Trn c s cng - Trn c s SIR - Trn c s BER Trn c s cng , cng mt tn hiu n BS t MS c nh gi xc nh l n cao hn hay thp hn cng mong mun. Sau BS s gi lnh iu khin cng sut cao hn hay thp hn thch hp. Trn c s SIR, phng php o l SIR khi m tn hiu bao gm nhiu knh v nhiu gia cc ngi s dng. iu khin cng sut da vo cng d thc hin hn iu khin cng sut da vo SIR, n phn nh hiu sut s dng h thng tt hn nh: QoS v dung lng. Mt vn quan trng gn vi iu khin cng 22

Chng 2: Cc k thut iu khin cng sut trong h thng thng tin di ng ...

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sut da vo SIR l c kh nng gy hi tip dng lm nguy him n s vng vng ca h thng. Hi tip dng xut hin trong trng hp khi mt MS di s ch dn ca BS tng cng sut ca n v iu lp li vi cc MS khc. Trong trng hp c N -MS trong h thng, iu ny lm t lit c N -MS. Trong iu khin cng sut da vo BER, BER c nh ngha l mt s lng trung bnh ca cc bit li so vi chui bit chuNn. N u cng sut tn hiu v nhiu l hng s th BER l hm ca SIR, v trong trng hp ny th QoS l tng ng. Tuy nhin, trong thc t SIR l hm thi gian v nh vy SIR trung bnh s khng tng ng vi BER trung bnh. Trong trng hp ny, BER l c s o t cht lng tt hn. 2.3.4 iu khin cng sut vng kn, iu khin cng sut vng h Tn ti ba phng php iu khin cng sut sau y: iu khin cng sut vng h iu khin cng sut nhanh vng kn gm iu khin cng sut vng trong v iu khin cng sut vng ngoi. iu khin cng sut vng h thc hin nh gi gn ng cng sut ng xung ca tn hiu knh hoa tiu da trn tn hao truyn sng ca tn hiu ny. N hc im ca phng php ny l do iu kin truyn sng ca ng xung khc vi ng ln nht l do fading nhanh nn s nh gi s thiu chnh xc. h thng CDMA trc y, ngi ta s dng phng php ny kt hp vi iu khin cng sut vng kn, cn h thng WCDMA phng php iu khin cng sut ny ch c s dng thit lp cng sut gn ng khi truy cp mng ln u. Phng php iu khin cng sut nhanh vng kn nh hnh (2.3). phng php ny BS (hoc MS) thng xuyn c tnh t s tn hiu trn can nhiu thu c SIR v so snh n vi t s SIR ch (SIR_ch). N u SIR_ctnh cao hn SIR_ch th BS (MS) thit lp bit iu khin cng sut lnh cho MS (BS) h thp cng sut, tri li n ra lnh MS (BS) tng cng sut. Chu k o-lnh-phn ng ny c thc hin 1500 ln trong mt giy cdma2000. Tc ny s cao hn 23

Chng 2: Cc k thut iu khin cng sut trong h thng thng tin di ng ...

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mi s thay i tn hao ng truyn v thm ch c th nhanh hn fading nhanh khi MS chuyn ng tc thp.

Tn hieu bang goc thu Giai trai pho Vong trong

Vong ngoai Thu RAKE o chat lng cong suat dai

o SIR

So sanh va quyet nh SIR ch

Chat lng ch

So snh v quyt nh

Ghp bit iu khin cng sut vo lung pht

To bt iu khin cng sut

Hnh 2.3. Nguyn l iu khin cng sut vng kn K thut iu khin cng sut vng kn nh vy c gi l vng trong cng c s dng cho ng xung mc d y khng c hin tng gn xa v tt c cc tn hiu n cc MS trong cng mt u bt u t mt BS. Tuy nhin l do iu khin cng sut y nh sau. Khi MS tin n gn bin gii , n bt u chu nh hng ngy cng tng ca nhiu t cc khc. iu khin cng sut trong trng hp ny to mt lng d tr cng sut cho cc MS trong trng hp ni trn. N goi ra iu khin cng sut ng xung cho php bo v cc tn hiu yu do fading Rayleigh gy ra, nht l khi cc m sa li lm vic khng hiu qu. iu khin cng sut vng ngoi thc hin nh gi di hn cht lng ng truyn trn c s t l li khung FER hoc BER quyt nh SIRch cho iu khin cng sut vng trong. 24

Chng 2: Cc k thut iu khin cng sut trong h thng thng tin di ng ...

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Hnh (2.4a) cho thy hot ng ca iu khin cng sut ng ln mt knh fading tc chuyn ng thp ca MS. Cc lnh iu khin cng sut s iu khin cng sut ca MS t l nghch vi cng sut thu c (hay SIR) ti BS. N h m bo d tr chnh cng sut theo tng nc, nn ch cn mt lng fading nh v knh tr thnh knh hu nh khng fading (nhn t pha BS).

Hnh 2.4a. iu khin cng sut vng kn b tr fading nhanh Tuy nhin vic loi b phading phi tr gi bng tng cng sut pht. V th khi MS b phading su, cng sut pht s dng ln v nhiu gy ra cho cc khc cng tng. iu khin cng sut vng ngoi thc hin iu chnh gi tr SIRch BS (MS) cho ph hp vi tng yu cu ca tng ng truyn v tuyn t c cht lng cc ng truyn v tuyn nh nhau. Cht lng ca cc ng truyn v tuyn thng c nh gi bng t s bit li BER hay t s khung li FER (Frame Error Rate). L do cn t li SIRch nh sau : SIR yu cu (t l vi Eb/N o) chng hn l FER=1% ph thuc vo tc ca MS v c im truyn nhiu ng. N u ta t SIRch cho trng hp xu nht (cho tc cao nht) th s lng ph dung lng cho cc kt ni tc thp. N h vy, tt nht l

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Chng 2: Cc k thut iu khin cng sut trong h thng thng tin di ng ...

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SIRch th ni xung quanh gi tr ti thiu p ng c yu cu cht lng. Hnh (2.4b) cho thy s thay i SIRch theo thi gian.

SIR ch

MS khong chuyen ong

Thi gian

Hnh 2.4b. iu khin cng sut vng ngoi thc hin iu khin cng sut vng ngoi, mi khung s liu ca ngi s dng c gn ch th cht lng khung l CRC. Vic kim tra ch th cht lng ny s thng bo cho RN C v vic gim cht lng v RN C s lnh cho BS tng SIRch. L do t iu khin vng ngoi RN C v chc nng ny thc hin sau khi thc hin kt hp cc tn hiu chuyn giao mm. 2.4 iu khin cng sut vng h trong UMTS

2.4.1 K thut iu khin cng sut vng h ng ln Chc nng PC (Power Control) c thc hin c u cui v UTRAN . Chc nng ny i hi mt s thng s iu khin c pht qung b trong v cng sut m tn hiu thu c RSPC (Received Signal Code Power) c o ti UE trn P-CPICH tch cc. Da trn tnh ton vng h, UE thit lp cc cng sut khi u trn tin t PRACH v cho DPCCH ng ln trc khi khi u PC

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Chng 2: Cc k thut iu khin cng sut trong h thng thng tin di ng ...

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vng trong. Trong th tc truy cp ngu nhin, cng sut ca AP u tin c thit lp bi UE nh sau : Preamble_Initial_Power = CPICH_Tx_power CPICH_RSCP + UL_interference +UL_required_CI Trong cng sut P_CPICH (CPICH_Tx_Power) v C/I yu cu ng ln (UL_required_CI) (trong 3GPP c nh ngha l gi tr khng i khi thit lp quy hoch v tuyn) v nhiu ng ln (UL_interference) (trong 3GPP l tng cng sut bng rng ti my thu) c o ti N ode B v c truyn qung b trn BCH. UE cng s tin hnh th tc khi lp mc cng sut ban u cho CD-AP. Khi tnh ton DPCCH u tin, UE khi u PC vng trong ti cng sut nh sau : DPCCH_Initial_power = DPCCH_Power_offset CPICH_RSCP (2.2) Trong cng sut m tn hiu thu ca P_CPICH (CPICH_RSCP) c o ti UE v dch cng sut DPCCH (DPCCH_Power_offset) c tnh ton bi iu khin cho php AC trong RN C v c cung cp cho UE khi kt ni RRC hay trong qu trnh vt mang v tuyn hay khi lp li cu hnh knh vt l nh sau : DPCCH_Power_offset = CPICH_Tx_power + UL_interference + SIRDPCCH +10lg(SFDPDCH) ny l SFDPCCH l h s tri ph i vi DPDCH tng ng. 2.4.2 K thut iu khin cng sut vng h ng xung Trn ng xung, PC vng h thit lp cng sut khi u cc knh ng xung trn c s bo co o t t UE. Chc nng ny c thc hin c UE v UTRAN . Gii thut tnh ton gi tr cng sut khi u DPCCH khi dch v mang u tin c thit lp nh sau : PTxIntinial =
Rb.( Eb / No) DL CPICH _ Tx _ power .PtxTotal (Eb / No )CPICH W

(2.1)

(2.3)

Trong SIRDPCCH l SIR ch khi u do AC to ra i kt ni c th

(2.4)

Trong Rb l tc bit ca ngi s dng, (Eb/N o)DL l gi tr c quy hoch ca ng xung trong qu trnh quy hoch mng v tuyn i vi vt mang 27

Chng 2: Cc k thut iu khin cng sut trong h thng thng tin di ng ...

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c th ny, W l tc chip, (Eb/N o)CPICH c bo co t UE, PtxTotal l cng sut sng mang ti N ode B c bo co cho RN C. Gii thut tnh ton cng sut on ni v tuyn khi u c th c n gin ha khi chuyn giao c thit lp hay on ni v tuyn thay i. Khi b sung nhnh, cn ch nh c li cng sut m pht ca on ni hin c bng hiu s gia cng sut P_CPICH ca hin thi vi cng sut P_CPICH ca thuc nhnh b sung. i vi knh mang thay i nh c c thc hin bng tc bit ca ngi s dng mi v Eb/N o ng xung mi. 2.5 iu khin cng sut cc knh chung ng xung Cng sut truyn dn cc knh chung ng xung c xc nh bi mng. N i chung t l gia cng sut pht ca knh chung ng xung khc nhau khng c c t trong 3GPP v thm ch c th thay i linh hot. Cc mc cng sut knh chung c cho bng (2.1) Bng 2.1. Cc mc cng sut knh chung ng xung in hnh Knh chung ng xung P-CPICH P-SCH v S-SCH P-CCPCH PICH AICH A-CCPCH Mc cng sut in hnh 30 33 dBm -3 dB -5 dB -8 dB -8 dB -5dB 2 10% cng sut pht cc i ca (20 W) So vi cng sut P-CPICH So vi cng sut P-CPICH So vi cng sut P-CPICH v N =72 Cng sut ca mt ch th bt (AI) so vi P-CPICH So vi cng sut P-CPICH v SF-256 (15 kbps) L u

Cng sut pht ca P-CPICH, P-SCH, S-SCH, v P-CCPCH l cc thng s c th c thit lp trong qu trnh quy hoch mng theo kch thc . Thng thng cng sut P-CPICH bng 5 n 10% tng cng sut pht c th cp pht cho . 28