Stationary phases: PC - chromatography paper TLC plastic or glass coated with fine particles of alumina, powdered cellulose or silica

a gel GC GLC=hydrocarbons, esters spread on porous support like silica gel or starch GSC=tiny glass beads or even crushed bricks

HPLC waxy porous solid, very small particles packed tightly in a column Mobile phases: PC pure solvent or solvent mixture TLC pure solvent or solvent mixture GC inert gas like helium or nitrogen HPLC pure solvent or solvent mixture Applications: PC identifying inks on food, amino acids TLC more non polar molecules than PC, indentifying biological sugars, components in pain relieving preparations GC urine testing for athletes for illegal performance enhancing drugs (also on greyhounds and horses), detecting drugs and explosives HPLC macromolecules in food and pharmaceuticals, caffeine analysis, analyse toxins in shellfish Detected: PC through the spots on chromatogram TLC through spots on chromatogram GC detector (FID flame ionisation detector) HPLC detector usually UV light beams or electrochemical or fluorescent detectors