Hng dn dng hnh cu thang xon

o Minh c- 3DMD

HNG DN DNG HNH THANG XON BNG PHNG PHP EDITABLE POLY
Cc bn thn mn! Thang xon, chng ta gp qu nhiu v cng c qu nhiu bi hng dn cch lm n trn mng. M tht ra trong 3ds max cng c lnh lm thang ny theo dng n sn. Ti vit bi ny khng c nh hng dn cch lm mt ci thang xon chung chung m gi cho cc bn cch t duy ch li 1 chic thang xon theo ng ca ch nh v lm th no to ra nhng chi tit m bn thn lnh Spiral Stair ca 3dsmax h tr cha ti. Trong bi ny chng ta cng nghin cu v thc hin dng hnh mt mu thang xon nh hnh chp ca n ly ngu nhin trn mng internet ( gi s ch nh yu cu lm thang ny). Xem hnh ti y: http://www.pearlswelding.com/welded_stairs.php

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Hng dn dng hnh cu thang xon

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Khi nhn k thang ny trong scene, chng ta lu v c th o c ng chng cc b phn cn th hin nh sau: 1. Thang ny c v cao khong 3000mm, c bng thang kn. 2. Bn kinh quay thang khong 800mm 3. S bc cho l 15, bc u tin hi xe ra 4. Mi bc c chiu cao v chiu su l khong 200cm, di khong 1000mm. 5. Bt u t bc trn cng xung, thang c v chy theo quy lut thang spiral stair ca 3ds max, phn cn li l t ch 6. Cc hoa vn dc tay vn l t ch.

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Chng ta bt u: B1: Lm 1 ci tr c cc thng s nh hnh sau. Ti c to ra 15 segment ngang 1 lc na trch ra 1 di cng lm 1 bc, Sau convert n ra Editable Poly

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B2: Chn 1 face nh di cng v detach khi ci tr, bn detach hn hoc clone cng c v ci tr ch l ci ban u to bc v ly tm xoay pivot cho bc thi. V sau ti s delete n:

B3: Sau khi detach ming kia ri, chn ly n theo ch face v extrude n vi 1 di 1000mm ( l chiu di bc):

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Hng dn dng hnh cu thang xon

o Minh c- 3DMD

B4: Vo Tool chn lnh Array nh sau:

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Sau khi in thng s vo bng Array, click ok th n ra nh hnh sau. Cc bn thy rng ton b 15 bc thang chng kht ln nhau theo th t ( mt di ca bc trn kht vi mt trn ca bc di, mt trn cng ca bc trn cng trng kht vi mt trn cng ca hnh tr, cn mt di cng ca bc di cng cng trng vi mt di tr). Ti c lm vy v cao thang l 3000mm m, mi bc cao 200mm v c 15 ci. Vic ny rt quan trng v ti mun cc bn lu s lin h gia 3 thng s c bn cho mi cu thang: 1 l Cao thang, 2 l cao mi bc v 3 l s lng bc.

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B5: Sau khi Array, gia cc bc c khe h, ti s ng kn li bng cch chn 1 bc no ( bc no cng c v lc ny c 15 bc ang l copy Instance nn 1 ci thay i th 14 ci kia cng i theo).

Cc bn bt ch Snap 3D theo kiu bt im:

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B6: Chn ly 2 im ny ca 1 bc

Ri ko cho ci im trn dnh vo im di ca bc trn. Ch cn 1 thao tc ny th t ng 14 bc cn li chng s dnh vo nhau v chng ang ch Instance.

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B7:Cc bn lm tng t cho cc u kia ca cc bc:

c kt qu th ny: cc gc ca chng dnh vo nhau

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Hng dn dng hnh cu thang xon

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B8: Chn ch Border cho cc u thng ca bc, ng kn li bng cch chut phi ri click Cap

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Hng dn dng hnh cu thang xon

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B9: Delete cc face di ca bc i, lt na lm bng cho thang:

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B10: Cc bn thao tc theo hnh sau to cho thnh 2 bn bc thang n xui: Chn cnh ny:

Nhn gi Shift ng thi ko n ra to 1 face mi:

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Chn im ny:

Remove n i bng cch n backspace ( khng phi n Delete u nh), n ra th ny:

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Chn im cn li :

Snap dnh vi im pha trn ca bc trn, theo , ra ngoi ca cu thang xui :

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Lm tng t cho ra kia ca thang:

B11: To 1 cylinder ng trn mt 1 bc:

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B12: Convert n ra poly v scale cho va mt th thi:

Copy ci cylinder ra 1 ci na, nh l copy thng, khng instance v li n ra u kia ca bc:

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B13: Chn ci bc m c 2 que kia v vo mc Attach nh hnh sau attach 2 que vo vi bc:

Ngay lp tc, ton b 14 bc cn li cng c 2 que cho mi bc. l cc thanh chng cho tay vn sau ny:

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Ti ngh, n bc ny l ti tn dng ht tnh nng Instance gia 15 bc thang. Gi ti khng cn chc nng ny na nn quyt nh tho lin kt bng cch bi trn ht 15 bc ri convert chng sang editablepoly. Gi th mi bc u c lp. Vic ny cn thit cho cc cng on k tip.

B14: Sauk hi tho lin kt Instance, ti nhp ht 15 bc thnh 1 i tng bng cch chn 1 trong cc bc, click vo vung ca lnh Attach > ca s Attach> chn ht 14 bc cn li > click Attach. Gi ch l 1 cu thang c lp:

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B15. Nhng cha xong, tuy l 1 i tng ri, song, vi i vertex cha c hn kn, mc d nhn th thy chng l 1. Chng l nhng i vertex m chng ta Snap cc bc 7-bc 10 trn kia. cho chc khng c im no b b st, ta bi ht ton b im, right-click chn lnh Weld ( ting anh l Hn), thng s 0.1 mc nh l ok ri. Click ok l xong v ny.

i xem 1 vng kim tra, ti thy c 2 im nh hnh sau l v dng, ti delete i.

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V ang thc hnh lm thang theo nh mu nn ti thy vi que chng b tha. Ti chn n theo ch Element ( hoc phm 5) v ti cng delete:

B16: V li ci bng thng ( lng ) ca thang: Chn ch Border ( hoc phm 3)

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Hng dn dng hnh cu thang xon

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Chut phi chn lnh Cap

Cap xong th n lin th ny:

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Lin nhng m cha ng, phi ni cc i im tng ng ca 2 ra thang vi nhau, chn tng i ri chut phi> n Connect, ni th ny:

Ni xong th bng n th ny:

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Nu ta b khung li ( wireframe ) i th n khng p lm bi cc ng hn, nhng ng hn ny cng hin ra khi render, nh th s khng p .

Cc bn ng lo, my v kiu ny ngi ta gi l Smooth Group cha c. Ok, ta bi vng bng thang vi ch Face ri vo mc Polygon Smoothing Group v chn Autosmooth:

Xong th n mt th ny y, cng tt!: Page 23 of 42

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Hy lm mt 2 ra cu thang bng cch lm tng t nh:

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B17: Lm mt granit cho bc thang: a. Ti chn chnh ci mt trn ca bc u tin theo ch Face ri bm nt Detach trong bng lnh Editablepoly to 1 mt mi. Nh l Detach as Clone. Ti t tn cho mt mi ny l matdabac1 .

b. Chn matdabac1 theo ch Face ri Etxtrude n ln 1 khong 20mm ( mt dy 2cm).

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c. To cho mt rng hn mt bc 1 cht bng cch chn vng Face 3 ra ngoi ri Extrude 1 khong cng 20mm. Nh l chn kiu Local Normal extrude phng u ra 3 hng.

d. Chn cc Edge ny ri b i ( ci ny lm cng dc, ko cng khng sao, chng qua l ti thy s c mt ca chng l v ngha)

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e. Lm mm mt : Chn cc Edge 3 mt ngoi

V Chamfer. Ta coi nh xong 1 mt

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f. 14 mt kia lm li t u ? Mt th!? Khng! Do l trong sut qu trnh t bc 1 n gi, tm quay ca mi th vn gi nguyn nn mt kia cng th. Cho nn ti vn dng lnh Array vn vi thng s bc 4. Sauk hi Array th cc bc trn cng c lt mt ngay ngn ri, nh hnh sau:

B18: Ch li dng cho bc u tin cho gn ging vi hnh minh ha ( ci ny ty, ko thuc chuyn lm thang xon), cc bc nh hnh sau: a. Ln topview:

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Hng dn dng hnh cu thang xon

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b.Ko im ca bc 1 ra th ny:

c. Chamfer 2 gc ny:

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d. Di 2 ct chng ra u ch mi hp mt hn:

Cho chng ng y cng c

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B19: To dng mi cho mt bc 1 theo hnh dng mi ca bc 1: Chn di Edge 2 gc ngoi mt ri chamfer, ko im:

B20: To g chn bc thang ( stinger) a. Chn vng face 2 bn thang nh sau:

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b. Detach chng ra ( Detach thng hoc Clone cng c c, thm ch Detach As Element nhng Clone l hay nht) c. Target Weld cc im di vo im trn cho ng nh hnh sau:

d. Target weld ht th n nhn nh th ny:

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e. N ang cha cc Edge khng cn thit li gy cn tr cho vic Loop Edge sp ti, b m Edge ny i, hnh sau:

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f. Loop di Edge pha trn cc g chn ny.

..ri ko ln 1 khong thch hp cho vt m mt 1 cht, ni chung ty, va mt th thi, ti th c lm ging nh mu:

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g. Vo Modifier List chn lnh Shell lm dy ln 2 g chn ny. Thng s iu khin c bn cho modifier ny l Inner Amount ( mc dy y vo trong ) v Outer Amount ( y ra ngoi ). Trng hp ny ti lm dy g chn ny ra pha ngoi nn chn Outer

Ti tm xong cc g chn: B21: To tay vn cho thang. Ti cng tm tt nguyn l lm tay vn cho mi thang ni chung ch ko ring g thang xon: tay vn bn cht n l ci Line chy 2 bn thang theo ng cc gc cua cng nh ng cc gc nghing ca thang. Cn hnh th thit din (mt ct) ca n th ty bn, do 1 Shape n quyt nh, Line s dn ng cho Shape chy. Trong lnh Stair ca 3Ds Max, khi lm n ci tay vn ( Railing) th bn phi i tm ci Railing path ( n l ci Line), n hi kh chu iu khin. Bn hy th. Chng ta cng c th t lm cho mnh mt ci gi l Railing path bng cch ring khng ging ai. Ti cng vy ( ti cha bit c ai lm kiu ny ging ti nhng y l kiu ti ngh ra, c th hi lng cng v lm cm): Chng ta bt u:

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a. Chn cu thang. b. Ctrl+V copy 1 ci cu thang th 2 trng kht vi cu thang gc. Nh l kim vo mc Copy thng nh, ng di m Instance ko s hi hn v khi l i qu xa. Nh sau:

Ci ca ti l ang li dng cc que chng tay vn da vo chng m dn ng cho Railing path i qua chnh xc cc nh ca tng que. c. Chn ht cc im trn nh 1 que :

> chut phi> Collapse> chng tr thnh 1 im duy nht. Page 36 of 42

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d. Lm th cng vi tng que mt, 1 m lng nhm nhn hot:

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e. Ln topview v nguch ngoc 2 line c s vertex t nht l bng s u nhn ca m lng nhm kia

f. Bt chc nng Snap 3D ln ( nh l tick vo vertex trong option snap nh) sau a cc vertex ca Line dnh tng ng vo cc mi nhn

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Hng dn dng hnh cu thang xon

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Hng dn dng hnh cu thang xon

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Sau khi mi mt mi nhn u c 1 vertex ca Line ng trng n, ta c 1 railing path kh tt:

Trong bi ny ti khng ch trng lm thit din cho tay vn nn ch n gin dng ch Rendering ( bt Enable In Viewport v Enable in Render ). Mun thit din trn th kim vo Radial, mun hnh ch nht th Rectangle. y, ti kim vo Radial nn tay vn n l dng trn, i nh sau:

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Th l chng ta xong 1 thang xon c bn. Cc chi tit khc nh g chn ni di, cc que chng trn lu 1, cc bn c th t lm c, ti ko cn vit ra y.

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Hng dn dng hnh cu thang xon

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Ti khng bit render nhng vn dng tm 1 scene cho vui:

Cm n cc bn c v hi vng cc bn c th bit thm 1 cch modeling thang xon Cc bn c th download model thang ny ( t giai on th n hon thin ) theo link sau: http://www.mediafire.com/?rex369gr37wv75r Thn cho, -----------------o Minh c Email: ducdm69@gmail.com Cell: 0937622208 YM and Skype: dmd_hn

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