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Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic
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1.2 Crisp sets: an overview
A family of sets: a set whose elements are sets
It can be defined in the form:
where i and I are called the set index and the index set, respectively.
The family of sets is also called an indexed set.
For example: A
A is a subset of B:
A, B are equal sets:
A and B are not equal:
A is proper subset of B:
A is included in B:
} ,..., , {
2 1 n
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B A=
A B B A _ _ and
B A=
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B A B A B A = _ c and
1.2 Crisp sets: an overview
The power set of A ( ): the family of all subsets of a given set A.
The second order power set of A:
The higher order power set of A:
The cardinality of A (|A|): the number of members of a finite set A.
For example:
B A: the relative complement of a set A with respect to set B
If the set B is the universal set, then
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A = P
) ( A P
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1.2 Crisp sets: an overview
The union of sets A and B:
The generalized union operation: for a family of sets,
The intersection of sets A and B:
The generalized intersection operation: for a family of sets,
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1.2 Crisp sets: an overview
19
1.2 Crisp sets: an overview
Let R denote a set of real number.
If there is a real number r such that for every , then
r is called an upper bound of R, and A is bounded above by r.
If there is a real number s such that for every , then
s is called an lower bound of R, and A is bounded below by s.
For any set of real numbers R that is bounded above, a real
number r is called the supremum of R (write r = sup R) iff:
(a) r is an upper bound of R;
(b) no number less than r is an upper bound of R.
For any set of real numbers R that is bounded below, a real
number s is called the infimum of R (write s = inf R) iff:
(a) s is an lower bound of R;
(b) no number greater than s is an lower bound of R.
R xe
20
r x s
s x > R xe
1.3 Fuzzy sets: basic types
A membership function:
A characteristic function: the values assigned to the elements
of the universal set fall within a specified range and indicate
the membership grade of these elements in the set.
Larger values denote higher degrees of set membership.
A set defined by membership functions is a fuzzy set.
The most commonly used range of values of membership
functions is the unit interval [0,1].
We think the universal set X is always a crisp set.
Notation:
The membership function of a fuzzy set A is denoted by :
In the other one, the function is denoted by A and has the same form
In this text, we use the second notation.
A
] 1 , 0 [ : X A
21
] 1 , 0 [ : X
A