Gas Laws

Dalton’s Law of Partial

Pressure
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
 States “the total pressure of a mixture of
gases is equal to the partial pressure of
the component gases.

 PT = P1 + P2 + P3 +….
 Partial Pressure: the
pressure of each gas
in a mixture.
How do we collect gases?
 Gases are usually
collected over water.
 PROBLEM: gases
collected over water
are not pure, they are
always mixed with
water vapor, which
also exerts a pressure
called water vapor
pressure
How do we determine the pressure
inside the bottle?
 Raise the bottle until the water level inside
and out are the same.
 At this point the pressure inside is equal to the
pressure of the atmosphere.
 Patm = Pgas + PH2O
What if we need the partial
pressure of the gas?
 Patm = Pgas + PH2O
 Pgas = Patm – PH2O
 Patm get by reading a barometer
 PH2O varies with temperature
 Use reference (table A-8) to determine water vapor
pressure at given temperature.
Example problem 1
Oxygen gas from the decomposition of
potassium chlorate, KClO3, was collected
by water displacement. The barometric
pressure and the temperature during the
experiment were 731.0 torr and 20.0 oC.
What was the partial pressure of the
oxygen collected?
 713.5 torr
Example problem 2
 Some hydrogen gas is collect over water
at 20.0 oC. The levels of water inside and
outside the gas collection bottle are the
same. The partial pressure of hydrogen is
determined to be 742.5 torr. What is the
barometric pressure at the time the gas
was collected.
 760.0 torr
Example problem 3

 Helium gas is collected over water at 25

o
C. What is the partial pressure of the
helium, given that the barometric pressure
is 750.0 mmHg?

 726.2 mmHg
Home work
 P390 7-11
 7)
 8)
 9)
 10)
 11)