Th hin ti n v th hin ti tip din thng khin nhiu bn ln ln, khng bit chng khc nh!

u
ci g t"#ng c$u t"c v % ngh&!' ( v)*, chng t! c+ng ,-. li kin th/c v th hin ti n v th hin
ti tip din nh0'
Cc bn cn nm chc cu to, chc nng ca 2 th ny lm nn tng cho nhng phn
tip theo.

I. Cu Trc
HIN TI N HIN TI TIP DIN
+ S + V(s/es)
1- pl!*2 t-nni2'
S + am/is/are + Vi!
Th- child"-n !"- pl!*ing 3##tb!ll n#4'
" S + #$ $%/ #$es $% + Vi&
5h- d#-2n6t pl!* t-nni2'
S + am/is/are + $% + Vi!
Th- child"-n !"- n#t pl!*ing 3##tb!ll n#4'
' D$/D$es + S + Vi&'
7# *#u pl!* t-nni28
(m/Is/(re + S + Vi!'
9"- th- child"-n pl!*ing 3##tb!ll n#48
II. C)c* s+ #,!
HIN TI N HIN TI TIP DIN
-. Di. %/ m0% %*1i 2ue3 m0% *4*
50! 6/7 ra %*89! 6u7: ;<= 5i ;<=
;>i ? *i@ %>i.
:,;
< 1- 4!tch-2 T( -v-"* night'
< =h!t d# *#u d# -v-"* d!*8
< > g# t# 2ch##l b* bic*cl-'
A. Di. %/ m0% c*B ;C3 m0% sD %*E%
*iF *i:.
:,;
< Th- 2un "i2-2 in th- :!2t'
< T#. c#.-2 3"#. :ngl!nd'
< > !. ! 2tud-nt'
G. Di. %/ m0% ;Hc* %rI* c1 sJ3 %*9i
K*1a LiFu3 c*8M! %rI*
:,; Th- pl!n- l-!v-2 3#" ?#nd#n !t
@A'BCp.'
N. DO! sau c)c c,m %P c*Q %*9i
!ia R*e3 as s$$ asS4 %r$! cBu
5iTu Ki@ ;$>i -
:,;
< =- 4ill n#t b-li-v-
*#u unl-224- 2-- it #u"2-lv-2'
< >3 2h- !2k2 *#u, t-ll h-" th!t *#u d#
n#t kn#4'
-. Di. %/ m0% *4* 50! 5a! 6/7 ra %>i *i@ %>i.
:,;
< Th- child"-n !"- pl!*ing 3##tb!ll n#4'
< =h!t !"- *#u d#ing !t th- .#.-nt8
A. DO! %*e$ sau cBu 5T !*H3 m@* ;@*.
:,;
< ?##kD Th- child i2 c"*ing'
< E- Fui-tD Th- b!b* i2 2l--ping in th- n-,t "##.'
G. T*I 47 cU 58Vc #O! 5F #i. %/ m0% *4* 50! sW= 6/7 ra. (THX
TYNZ [(I Z\N)
:,;
< 1- i2 c#.ing t#.#""#4'
< G* p!"-nt2 !"- pl!nting t"--2 t#.#""#4'
[8u C; Hhng d+ng th hin ti tip din vIi cc ng tJ chK nh)n th/c, t"i
gic nh; t# b-, 2--, h-!", und-"2t!nd, kn#4, lik-, 4!nt, gl!nc-, 3--l, think,
2.-ll, l#v-, h!t-, "-!liL-, 2--., "-.-.b-", 3#"g-t, b-l#ng t#, b-li-v- '''
(Ii cc ng tJ n*, t! th!* bMng th 1>NO TP> QRO S>TO
:,;
< > !. ti"-d n#4'
< 5h- 4!nt2 t# g# 3#" ! 4!lk !t th- .#.-nt'
III. Du *i@u *E Li]%
HIN TI N HIN TI TIP DIN
< U3t-n, u2u!ll*, 3"-Fu-ntl*
< 9l4!*2, c#n2t!ntl*
< 5#.-ti.-2, #cc!2i#n!ll*
< 5-ld#., "!"-l*
< :v-"* d!*V 4--kV .#nth'''
< O#4
< Wight n#4
< 9t th- .#.-nt
< 9t p"-2-nt
< ?##kD ?i2t-nD'''
IV. S=e;;i!
HIN TI N HIN TI TIP DIN
< T! thX. S Y hnh thnh ngi B 2Z [t c\! h]u ht cc
ng tJ' Ohng t! thX. ^S khi ng tJ c^ t)n c+ng
l $3 s*3 s3 c*3 63 _'
:,; 1- t-!ch-2 _"-nch'
< Ou ng tJ t)n c+ng l 7 v /ng t"Ic n^ l .t
ph` a., th t! bi 7 thnh i t"Ic khi thX. es'
:,;
< 1- t"i-2 t# h-lp h-"'
< 5h- 2tudi-2 !t chin!'
< Ou ng tJ t)n c+ng l e n th bd e n* i t"Ic khi
thX. i!' et"J cc ng tJ ; t# !g- egi if, t# d*- enhu.f, t#
2ing- ech* ,0.f v cc ng tJ t)n tJ l ee
:,; c#.- <<g c#.ing
< Qng tJ t)n c+ng l @ ngu*Xn a. h gii! A ph` a. th nhan
i ph` a. cuZi lXn "ji thX. i!'
:,;
"un <<g "unning
b-gin <<g b-ginning
< Ou ng tJ t)n c+ng l ie th bi thnh 7 "ji .Ii thX. i!'
:,; li- <<g l*ing
< Ou ng tJ t)n c+ng l ; . t"Ic n^ l @ ngu*Xn a. n
th t! ckng nhan i ; ^ lXn "ji thX. i!'
:,; t"!v-l <<g t"!v-lling

Th hin ti hon thnh v th hin ti hon thnh tip din cng l mt cp khin nhiu s t
i thi phi au u y.
Mi cc bn cng xem qua kin thc v cp i ny v lm mt s bi tp cng c kin thc
nh.


I. Prese% Per&ec% (%*I *i@ %>i *$4 %*4*)
1. Cu trc:
(+) S + *as/*aSe + PII.
(") S + *as/*aSe + $% + PII.
(') Has/HaSe + S + PII'
`es3 S + *as/*aSe.
N$3 S + *as/*aSe + $%.
2. Cch s dng:
2.1. Din t mt hnh ng xy ra mt thi im khng xc nh trong q kh!.
- Khng c thi gian xc jnh.
John has traveled around the world (We dont know when)
Have you passed your driving test?
- Hoc i vi cc t: just, recently, already, yet,.
- Hnh ng lp li nhiu ln cho n thi im hin ti.
I have watched Iron Man several ties!
- Sau cu trc so snh hon nht ta dng th hin ti hon thnh.
It is the ost "orning "ook that I have ever read!
- Sau cu trc: This/t is the first/second. times, phi dng th hin ti hon thnh.
#his is the $irst tie he has driven a car!
Its the second ties he has lost his passport!
2.2. Din t mt hnh ng "#t $ %in ra trong q kh! & &'n c(n hi)n ti.
- C cc t chi thi gian i cng nhu: since, for, ever, never, up to now, so far,.
Jonh has lived in that house $or %& years! (He still live there)
'John has lived in that house since ()*) (Hi+n nay l, %&(%)
3. Cc t i vi th hin ti hon thnh
- inc! + thi im trong qu kh: since 1982, since Junuary..: "# t "hi
$or % khong thi gian: for three days, for ten minutes, ..: trong v&ng
I havent heard $ro her *or % onths!
(#-i kh-ng nghe tin t.c g/ t0 c- 1y trong % th2ng r3i
He hasnt et her +inc, she was a little girl!
(4nh 1y kh-ng g5p c- 1y k6 t0 khi c- 1y c7n l, ( c- "8!)
- '(r!)d*: +
Dng trong cu khng jnh hay cu hi, ALREADY c th ng ngay sau ha&, v cng c
th ng cui cu.
I have a-r,a%y had the answer ' I have had the answer a-r,a%y!
Have you typed y letter a-r,a%y?
- ,!t: ch-)
Dng trong cu ph jnh hoc nghi vn. YET thung ng cui cu.
John hasnt written his report yet ' John hasnt written his report!
I hasnt decided what to do yet ' I hasnt decided what to do!
Have you read this article yet? ' Have you read this article?
- .ust: v) /i
Dng chi mt hnh ng va mi xy ra.
I have 9ust et hi!
I have 9ust tidied up the kitchen!
I have 9ust had lunch!
- 0!c!nt(*1 2)t!(*: g3n 4*
He has recently arrived $ro :ew ;ork!
- o 5)r: cho 6n 74* gi8
We havent $inished the <nglish tenses so $ar!
- 9: to no;1 u: to th! :r!s!nt1 u: to this /o/!nt1 unti( no;1 unti( this ti/!: n tn by
gi.
=he hasnt coe up to now!
- <v!r: + tng 7)o gi8 ch-)
EVER chi dng trong cau nghi v$n
Have you ever gone a"road?
- =!v!r> 7!5or!: ch-) 7)o gi8
I have never eaten a ango "e$ore! Have you eaten a ango?
- ?n@Av!r@Buring@$or % th! % :)st@()st % ti/!: trong th8i gi)n Cu)
It has rained in the past week!
=he hasnt talked to e over the last > days!
D. Eh4n 7it Fgon! toG v F7!!n toG
- gon! to: i chua v
4nn is on holiday! =he has gone to ?aris!
> C ngha l by gi c y ang hoc ang trn ung n .
- 7!!n to: i v ri
4nn is "ack to <nglish now! =he has "een to ?aris!
> C y tng Paris nhung gi v Anh ri.
II. Prese% Per&ec% Pr$!ressiSe (%*I *i@ %>i *$4 %*4* %i]= #i.)
1. Cu trc:
(+) S + *as/*aSe + Lee + Vi!.
(") S + *as/*aSe + $% + Lee + Vi!.
(') Has/HaSe + S + Lee + Vi!'
`es3 S + *as/*aSe.
N$3 S + *as/*aSe + $%.
2. Cch s dng:
- Nhn chung, v co bn, th hin ti hon thnh tip din ging vi th hin ti hon thnh,
u dng din t mt hnh ng bt u din ra trong qu kh v vn cn xy ra hin
ti. Tuy nhin, th hin ti hon thnh tip din nh.n mnh thi gian c/a hnh ng 01o2
-ong3, cn th hin ti hon thnh qan t4m 5n k5t q c/a hnh ng.
- Thung dng vi 2 gii t "sinc!G hoc F5orG.
I have "een learning <nglish since early orning!
- Cc du hiu khc nhn bit th hin ti hon thnh tip din: )(( d)*1 )(( h!r@his
(i5!ti/!1 )(( d)* (ong1 )(( th! /orning@)5t!rnoon
3. Eh4n 7it HIHI J HIHIIB

HIN TI HabN THbNH HIN TI HabN THbNH TIP DIN
H4* 50! 5c c*m #d% ? *i@ %>i #$ 51 5c c1 K]%
2u/ re r4!.
>6v- 4!it-d 3#" *#u 3#" h!l3 !n h#u"' e!nd n#4 > 2t#p
4!iting b-c!u2- *#u didn6t c#.-f
H4* 50! Sf %i]= #i. ? *i@ %>i3 c1 K*/ g! ;a %hi
%8M! ;ai #$ 51 K*i! c1 K]% 2u/ re r@%.
>6v- b--n 4!iting 3#" *#u 3#" h!l3 !n h#u"' e !nd n#4 >6. 2till
4!iting, h#ping th!t *#u6ll c#.-f

Ki D: Lu "hM Nn1 Cu "hM ti6:
diOn
Qu kh on v Qu kh tip din l hai th co bn nhung rt quan trong hnh thnh nn
nhng cu ni on gin cng nhu hu ch trong qu trnh oc hiu. Vic nm chc hai th
ny s gip cc bn d dng hiu r nhng bi vit on gin, c bit l th Qu kh on.
hoc tt th Qu kh on, cc bn phi nm chc bng ng t bt quy tc co bn cng
nhu cch thm ui "ing vo ng t trong th Qu kh tip din.

I. Cu %rcj
THX klm nHo N THX klm nHo TIP DIN
@' T# b-;
S + Ras/Rere + (#p/ N$u
< >, h-, 2h-, it , Oe2Z [tf l =!2
< m#u, 4-, th-*, Oe2Z nhiuf l =-"-
A' (-"b2;
S + V 2u) K*d
S + Ras/Rere + Vqi!
II. C)c* s+ #,!j
THX klm nHo N THX klm nHo TIP DIN
Di. %/ m0% *4* 50! 6/7 ra S4
c*m #d% *$4 %$4 %r$! 2u)
K*d.
:,;
< T#. 4-nt t# n!"i2 l!2t 2u..-"'
< G* .#th-" l-3t thi2 cit* t4# *-!"2
!g#'
< 1- di-d in @opC'
-. Di. %/ m0% *4* 50! 5a! 6/7 ra %>i m0% %*9i 5iFm %r$! 2u) K*d.
:,; =h!t 4-"- *#u d#ing !t p;BC l!2t night8
A. Di. %/ *4* 50! 5a! 6/7 ra (? 2u) K*d) %*I c1 - *4* 50! K*)c 6em
S4$. (H4* 50! 5a! 6/7 ra #O! kn %i]= #i.3 *4* 50! 6e S4$ #O!
kn 5M)
:,;
< =h-n > c!.- *-2t-"d!*, h- 4!2 2l--ping'
< =h!t 4!2 2h- d#ing 4h-n *#u 2!4 h-"8
G. Di. %/ *4* 50! 6/7 ra s$! s$! cO! - ;c ? 2u) K*d.
:,; m-2t-d!*, > 4!2 c##king 4hil- .* 2i2t-" 4!2 4!2hing th- di2h-2'
III. Du *i@u *E Li]%j
THX klm nHo N THX klm nHo TIP DIN
q l!2t nightV *-!"V.#nth
q *-2t-"d!*
q ''' !g#
q in l nr. evd; @ooof
q !t thi2 ti.- l!2t night
q !t thi2 .#.-nt l!2t *-!"
q !t p p'. l!2t night
q 4hil-'''
Ki P: Lu "hM hon thnh1 Cu "hM
hon thnh ti6: diOn
Th Qu kh hon thnh v Qu kh hon thnh tip din l hai th thung xuyn xut hin
trong ch im thi ca Toeic, c bit l th Qu kh hon thnh.
Cc bn c th d phn bit th Qu kh hon thnh, tuy nhin th Qu kh hon thnh tip
din vn gy khng t kh khn cho cc bn.
V vy chng ta cng tng hop li nhng kin thc co bn nht cc bn d dng phn
bit v s dung 2 th ny mt cch chnh xc v hiu qu nh.
6. 7. tr8c9
klm nHo HabN THbNH klm nHo HabN THbNH TIP DIN
@' T# b-;
S + *a# Lee + (#p/ $u
:,; 5h- h!d b--n ! g##d d!nc-" 4h-n 2h- .-t ! c!" !ccid-nt'
A' (-"b;
S + *a# + Pii (=as% =ar%ici=;e)
:,; =- h!d liv-d in 1u- b-3#"- @ost'
cng th/c chung;
S + *a# Lee+ Vqi!
:,; 5h- h!d b--n c!""*ing ! h-!v* b!g2'
66. 7ch +: %;ng9
klm nHo HabN THbNH klm nHo HabN THbNH TIP DIN
-. Di. 5>% m0% *4* 50! 6/7 ra %r8hc m0%
*4* 50! K*)c %r$! 2u) K*d. e1nh ng ,u*
"! t"Ic d+ng vH1T < ,u* "! 2!u d+ng vHQf
:,; =h-n > g#t up thi2 .#"ning, .* 3!th-" h!d
!l"-!d* l-3t'
A. DO! 5F mi %/ *4* 50! %r8hc m0% %*9i
!ia 6)c 5H* %r$! 2u) K*d.
:,; =- h!d liv-d in 1u- b-3#"- @ost'
G. DO! %r$! cBu 5iTu Ki@ ;$>i G
:,; >3 > h!d kn#4n th!t *#u 4-"- th-"-, > 4#uld
h!v- 4"itt-n *#u l-tt-"'
N. DO! %r$! cBu 8hc mur %r)i Shi ku) K*d
:,; > 4i2h > h!d ti.- t# 2tud*'
-. Di. 5>% - *4* 50! 6/7 ra %r8hc m0% *4* 50! K*)c
%r$! ku) K*d (* m>* %s* %i]= #i.)
:,; > h!d b--n thinking !b#ut th!t b-3#"- *#u .-nti#n-d it'
A. Di. 5>% - *4* 50! 5c 6/7 ra3 Kt$ #4i ;i: %,c 5] K*i
*4* 50! %*d A 6/7 ra. e1nh ng A d+ng vHQf' Thng
thng kh#ung thi gi!n k0# di wc nXu "x t"#ng cau'
:,; Th- .-n h!d b--n pl!*ing c!"d2 3#" B h#u"2 b-3#"- > c!.-'
Ki Q: I-Nng ()i Nn1 t-Nng ()i g3n1
t-Nng ()i ti6: diOn
Th Tuong lai on v Tuong lai tip din cng l 2 th c tn sut xut hin rt cao trong
thi chnh thc ca TOEC. Ngoi ra th tuong lai cn c th tuong lai gn cng d gy nhm
ln cho cc bn.
hiu r hon v nhng th ny, cc bn c th theo di bng so snh dui y.


I. Cu %rcj
T[ N T[ TIP DIN T[ Z\N
(+) S + Ri;;/s*a;; + Vqi&
(q) S + Ri;;/s*a;; + $% + Vqi&
(') ui;;/S*a;; + S + Vqi&'
`es3 S + Ri;;/s*a;;
N$3 S + Ri;;/s*a;; + $%
(<in3; ng tJ ngu*Xn thY khng yt#y'
< >V =- l 2h!ll
< >V =-V m#uV 1-V 5h-''' l 4ill
< 4illV2h!ll z 6ll
< 4ill n#t z 4#n6t
< 2h!ll n#t z 2h!n6t
:,;
< 5h- 4ill b- ! g##d .#th-"'
< =- 4ill g# t# :ngl!nd n-,t *-!"'
S + Ri;; + Le + Vqi!
:,;
< =ill *#u b- 4!iting 3#"
h-" 4h-n h-" pl!n- !""iv-2 t#night8
< 7#n6t ph#n- .- b-t4--n
s !nd p' =-6ll b- h!ving dinn-" th-n'
@' 7{ |nh 2} l. g
S + am/is/are + !$i! %$ + Vqi&
:,; =h-"- !"- *#u g#ing t#
2p-nd *#u" h#lid!*8
A' 5~p 2! l. g
S + am/is/are + Vqi&
:,; G* 3!th-" i2 "-ti"ing'
II. C)c* s+ #,!j
T[ N T[ TIP DIN T[ Z\N
-. Di. 5>% m0% 2u7]% 5H*
!a7 %>i %*9i 5iFm 1i.
:,; Uh, >6v- l-3t th- d##" #p-n' >
4ill g# !nd 2hut it'
A. Di. 5>% ;9i #D 5$) K*i!
c1 cg cd.
:,;
< n-#pl- 4#nt g# t# upit-" b-3#"-
th- AAnd c-ntu"*'
< =h# d# *#u think 4ill g-t th- #b8
G. DO! %r$! cBu 5T !*H.
:,;
< =ill *#u 2hut th- d##"8
< 5h!ll > #p-n th- 4ind#48
< 5h!ll 4- d!nc-8
N. CBu *da *v
:,; > p"#.i2- > 4ill c!ll *#u !2
2##n !2 i !""iv-'
-. Di. 5>% m0% *4* 50!
5a! 6/7 ra %>i m0% %*9i
5iFm 6)c 5H* ? %8M! ;ai.
:,;
< 9t @C #6cl#ck t#.#""#4 .#"ning
h- 4ill b- 4#"king'
< > 4ill b- 4!tching T( !t o
#6cl#ck t#night'
A. Di. 5>% *4* 50! 5a!
6/7 ra ? %8M! ;ai %*I c1 -
*4* 50! K*)c 6/7 ra.
:,;
< > 4ill b- 2tud*ing 4h-n *#u
"-tu"n thi2 -v-ning'
< Th-* 4ill b- t"!v-lling in
>t!l* b* th- ti.- *#u !""iv- h-"-'
-. Di. 5>% m0% K] *$>c*3
#D 5H*.
:,;
< > h!v- 4#n @,CCC' > !.
g#ing t# bu* ! n-4 T('
< =h-n !"- *#u g#ing
t# g# #n h#lid!*8
A. Di. 5>% m0% ;9i #D 5$)
#Da S4$ Lw! c*d! ? *i@ %>i.
:,;
< Th- 2k* i2 v-"* bl!ck' >t i2
g#ing t# 2n#4'
< > c"!2h-d th- c#.p!n* c!"'
G* b#22 i2nt g#ing t# b-v-"* h!pp*D
III. P*B Li@% T[ 5M " T[ !x
T[ N T[ Z\N
< T! d+ng Ri;; khi Fu*t |nh l. iu g ^ v# lc n^i,
khng Fu*t |nh t"Ic'
:,;
T#.; G* bic*cl- h!2 ! 3l!t t*"-' c!n *#u "-p!i" it 3#"
.-8
_!th-"; Uk!*, but > c!n6t d# it "ight n#4' > 4ill "-p!i" it
t#.#""#4'
< T! d+ng Le !$i! %$ khi Fu*t |nh l. iu g ^ "ji,
lXn l|ch 2n Y l. "ji'
:,;
G#th-"; c!n *#u "-p!i" T#.62 bic*cl-8 >t h!2 ! 3l!t t*p-'
_!th-"; m-2, > kn#4' 1- t#ld .-' >6. g#ing t# "-p!i" it
t#.#""#4'
IV. Du *i@u *E Li]%j
T[ N T[ TIP DIN T[ Z\N
q t#.#""#4
q n-,t d!*V4--kV.#nth'''
q 2#.-d!*
q 2##n
q !2 2##n !2
q until'''
'''
q !t thi2 ti.- t#.#""#4
q !t thi2 .#.-nt n-,t *-!"
q !t p"-2-nt n-,t _"id!*
q !t t p'. t#.#""#4'''
QY ,c |nh wc th tng l!i g]n,
c]n d{! v# ngi cunh v cc
bMng ch/ng h hin ti'
Ki R: I-Nng ()i hon thnh1 t-Nng
()i hon thnh ti6: diOn
y cng uoc coi l 1 "cp i hon ho lun khin cc bn hoc Ting Anh phi au u
khng km g cp i hin ti hon thnh v hin ti hon thnh tip din. Nhng cp i
ny li rt uoc cc bi thi Toeic ua chung, ua vo th ti cc s t nh ta.
V vy chng ta cng ngha li th Tuong Lai Hon Thnh v Tuong Lai Hon Thnh Tip
Din mt cht nha cc bn.
T[ HabN THbNH T[ HabN THbNH TIP DIN
-. Cu %rcj
5 l 4ill h!v- l nii
-. Cu %rcj
5 l 4ill h!v- b--n l (ing
A. C)c* s+ #,!j
< 7in tu @ hnh ng 2} h#n t$t v# @ thi iY.
ch# t"Ic h tng l!i'
:,;
l >6ll h!v- 3ini2h-d .* 4#"k b* n##n'
l Th-*6ll h!v- built th!t h#u2- b* ul* n-,t *-!"'
l =h-n *#u c#.- b!ck, >6ll h!v- 4"itt-n thi2 l-tt-"'
A. C)c* s+ #,!j
< 7in tu @ hnh ng b~t ]u tJ Fu kh/ v k0# di n @ thi
iY. ch# t"Ic h tng l!i'
:,;
l E* O#v-.b-", 4-6ll h!v- b--n living in thi2 h#u2- 3#" @C *-!"2'
l E* G!"ch @tth, >6ll h!v- b--n 4#"king 3#" thi2 c#.p!n* 3#"
*-!"2'
G. Du *i@u *E Li]%j
cc c`. tJ chK thi gi!n i k.;
< E* l .Zc thi gi!n eb* th- -nd #3, b* t#.#""#4f
< E* th-n
< E* th- ti.-
G. Du *i@u *E Li]%j
cc c`. tJ chK thi gi!n i k.;
< E* ''' 3#" el kh#ung thi gi!nf
< E* th-n
< E* th- ti.-
Ki S: Cc dng thMc cT) Ung t: VW
ing1 Io V
Mt trong nhng cu hi m cc bn hoc ting Anh thc mc nhiu nht hn l lm sao
chia ng t chnh xc khi lm bi c1>9 QOS T TWUOS OSUc. Khi no th dng V-
infinitive, khi no th dng V-ing phi khng ? Hm nay ti s cung cp cho cc bn cc
cu trc cu thng dung nht ca V-ing v To V. Hy vong cc bn s khng cn gp kh
khn g vi dng bi chia ng t na.
Z^ylND TaqINzINITIV^
-. C)c* s+ #,!
q ? ch\ ngi c\! cau; d!ncing b#"-d hi.'
cch d+ng T#<in3initiv-;
-. VerL + %$ V
Z^ylND TaqINzINITIV^
q Eb ngi c\! ng tJ; h-" h#bb* i2 p!inting'
q ? bb ngi; 5--ing i2 b-li-ving'
q 5!u giIi tJ; 1- 4!2 !ccu2-d #3 2.uggling'
q 5!u .t vi ng tJ; !v#id, .ind, -n#*,'''
A. {0% sr c)c* #O! 5<c Li@%
l Ohing ng tJ 2!u wc th-# 2!u bhi (<ing; !d.it,
!v#id, d-l!*, -n#*, -,cu2-, c#n2id-", d-n*, 3ini2h,
i.!gin-, 3#"giv-, k--p, .ind, .i22, p#2tp#n-, p"!cti2-,
"-2i2t, "i2k, p"#p#2-, d-t-2t, d"-!d, "-2-nt, p!"d#n, t"*,
3!nc*'
:,;
< 1- !d.itt-d t!king th- .#n-*'
< =#uld *#u c#n2id-" 2-lling th- p"#p-"t*8
< 1- k-pt c#.pl!ining'
< 1- didn6t 4!nt t# "i2k g-tting 4-t'
l (-"b2 l p"-p#2iti#n2; !p#l#giL- 3#", !ccu2- #3, in2i2t
#n, 3--l lik-, c#ng"!tul!t- #n, 2u2p-ct #3, l##k 3#"4!"d
t#, d"-!. #3, 2ucc--d in, #b-ct t#, !pp"#v-Vdi2!pp"#v-
#3'''
l S-"und ckng th-# 2!u nhing c`. tJ nh;
< >t62 n# u2- V >t62 n# g##d'''
< Th-"-62 n# p#int e inf'''
< >t62 e n#tf 4#"th '''
< 1!v- di33icult e inf '''
< >t62 ! 4!2t- #3 ti.-V .#n-* '''
< 5p-ndV 4!2t- ti.-V.#n-* '''
< E-V g-t u2-d t# '''
< E-V g-t !ccu2t#.-d t# '''
< 7#V =#uld *#u .ind ''' 8
< b- bu2* d#ing 2#.-thing
< =h!t !b#ut ''' 8 1#4 !b#ut '''8
< S# l (<ing e g# 2h#pping, g# 24i..ing''' f
Ohing ng tJ 2!u wc th-# 2!u t"{c tip bhi t#<in3initiv-;
!g"--, !pp-!", !""!ng-, !tt-.pt, !2k, d-cid-, d-t-".in-, 3!il,
-nd-!v#u", h!pp-n, h#p-, l-!"n, .!n!g-, #33-", pl!n,
p"-p!"-, p"#.i2-, p"#v-, "-3u2-, 2--., t-nd, th"-!t-n, t"*,
v#lunt--", -,p-ct, 4!nt,'''
:,;
< 5h- !g"--d t# p!* tC'
< T4# .-n 3!il-d t# "-tu"n 3"#. th- -,p-diti#n'
< Th- "-.n!nt2 "-3u2-d t# l-!v-'
< 5h- v#lunt--"-d t# h-lp th- di2!bl-d'
< 1- l-!"nt t# l##k !3t-" hi.2-l3'
A. VerL + *$R/ R*a%/ R*e/ R*ere/ R*ic*/ R*7 + %$ V
Ohing ng tJ 2 d`ng cng th/c n* l;
!2k, d-cid-, di2c#v-", 3ind #ut, 3#"g-t, kn#4, l-!"n,
"-.-.b-", 2--, 2h#4, think, und-"2t!nd, 4!nt t# kn#4,
4#nd-"'''
:,;
< 1- di2c#v-"-d h#4 t# #p-n th- 2!3-'
< > 3#und #ut 4h-"- t# bu* 3"uit ch-!pl*'
< 5h- c#uldn6t think 4h!t t# 2!*'
< > 2h#4-d h-" 4hich butt#n t# p"-22'
G. VerL + aLpec% + %$ V
Ohing ng tJ th-# cng th/c n* l;
!dvi2-, !ll#4, -n!bl-, -nc#u"!g-, 3#"bid, 3#"c-, h-!",
in2t"uct, invit-, #"d-", p-".it, p-"2u!d-, "-Fu-2t, "-.ind,
t"!in, u"g-, 4!nt, t-.pt'''
:,;
< Th-2- gl!22-2 4ill -n!bl- *#u t# 2-- in th- d!"k'
< 5h- -nc#u"!g-d .- t# t"* !g!in'
< Th-* 3#"b!d- h-" t# l-!v- th- h#u2-'
< Th-* p-"2u!d-d u2 t# g# 4ith th-.'
| N$%e : Mt s ng t c th i cng vi c ng t nguyn th v V-ing, hy so snh su
khc nhau v ngha gia chng.
to: VWing: dng lm g (dng hn)
to: to V: dng li lm vic g
Ex:
- Stop smoking: dng ht thuc.
- Stop to smoke: dng li ht thuc
0!/!/7!r@5org!t@r!gr!t to V: nh/qun/tic s phi lm g ( hin ti tuong lai)
0!/!/7!r@5org!t@r!gr!t VWing: nh/qun/tic lm g ( qu kh)
Ex:
- Remember to send this letter (hy nh gi bc thu ny)
- Don't forget to buy flowers (ng qun mua hoa nh)
- regret to inform you that the train was cancelled (ti rt tic phi bo tin cho anh rng
chuyn tu bj hy)
- paid her $2. still remember that. still remember paying her $2. (ti nh tr c y 2
la ri)
- She will never forget meeting the Queen. (c y khng bao gi qun ln gp n hong)
- He regrets leaving school early. t is the biggest mistake in his life. (Anh y hi tic v b
hoc qu sm)
Ir* to V: c gng lm g
Ir* VWing: th lm g
Ex:
- try to pass the exam. (ti c gng vuot qua ky thi)
- You should try unlocking the door with this key. (bn nn th m ca vi chic kha ny)
2i"! VWing: Thch lm g v n th vj, hay, cun ht, lm thung thc.
2i"! to do: lm vic v n l tt v cn thit
Ex:
- like watching TV.
- want to have this job. like to learn English.
Er!5!r VWing to VWing
Er!5!r % to V % r)th!r th)n XVY
Ex:
- prefer driving to traveling by train.
- prefer to drive rather than travel by train.
Z!)n to V: C jnh lm g.
Z!)n VWing: C ngha l g.
Ex:
- He doesn't mean to prevent you from doing that. (Anh y khng c ngn cn bn lm
vic .)
- This sign means not going into. (Bin bo ny c ngha l khng uoc i vo trong.)
=!!d to V: cn lm g
=!!d VWing: cn uoc lm g (= need to be done)
Ex:
- need to go to school today.
- Your hair needs cutting. (= your hair needs to be cut)
9s!d to V: tng/thung lm g trong qu kh (by gi khng lm na)
K!@[!t us!d to VWing: quen vi vic g ( hin ti)
Ex:
- used to get up early when was young. (Ti thung dy sm khi cn tr)
- 'm used to getting up early. (Ti quen vi vic dy sm ri)
'dvis!@)((o;@:!r/it@r!co//!nd % A7\!ct % to V: khuyn/cho php/ nghj ai lm g.
'dvis!@)((o;@:!r/it@r!co//!nd % VWing: khuyn/cho php, nghj lm g.
Ex:
- He advised me to apply at once.
- He advised applying at once.
- They don't allow us to park here.
- They don't allow parking here.
!!@h!)r@s/!((@5!!(@notic!@;)tch % A7\!ct % VWing: cu trc ny uoc s dung khi ngui
ni chi chng kin 1 phn ca hnh ng.
!!@h!)r@s/!((@5!!(@notic!@;)tch % A7\!ct % V: cu trc ny uoc s dung khi ngui ni
chng kin ton b hnh ng.
Ex:
- see him passing my house everyday.
- She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.
- e saw him leave the house.
- heard him make arrangements for his journey.

Ki 1]: ^Ung t "hu*6t thi6u
Modal verbs l nhm ng t rt quen thuc vi moi ngui hoc ting Anh. Ngay t khi hoc
lp chng ta uoc lm quen vi chng qua cc cu on gin nhu " can help you?, "
can swim.
Mi cc bn xem li cch dng ca cc ng t khuyt thiu trong ting Anh nh.

| <c %s* c*u! c}a 0! %P K*u7]% %*i]u ({$#a; SerLs)
1. Cu trc chung:
5 l G#d!l (-"b2 l (eb!"-<in3initiv-f
(bare-infinitive: ng t nguyn th khng "to)
<@A #hey can speak Brench and <nglish!
2. Khng bin i dng th trong cc ngi.
He can use our phone! (He use your phone)
. Tn ti th Hin ti v th Qu kh on.
=he can cook eals!
=he could cook eals when she was twelve!
I. C(N " Cal[D
(. C(N
CAN chi c 2 th: Hin ti v Qu kh on. Nhng hnh thc khc ta dng ng t tuong
uong "b- !bl- t#. CAN cng c th uoc dng nhu mt tro ng t hnh thnh mt s
cch ni ring.
1. CAN v COLD c ngha l "c th, din t mt kh nng (ability).
Can you swi?
=he could ride a "icycle when she was $ive years old!
2. Trong vn ni (colloquial speech), CAN uoc dng thay cho MAY din t mt su cho
php (permission) v th ph jnh CANNOT uoc dng din t mt su cm on
(prohibition).
In Dondon "uses you can soke on the upper deckE "ut you cant soke downstairs!
. CAN cng din t mt iu c th xy n (possibility). Trong cu hi v cu cm thn
CAN c ngha l s it possible.?'
Can it "e true?
It surely cant "e $our oclock already
. CANNOT uoc dng din t mt iu kh c th xy ra (virtual impossibility).
He cant have issed the way! I e@plained the route care$ully!
. Khi dng vi ng t tri gic (verbs of perception) CAN cho ngha tuong uong vi th
Tip din (Continuous Tense).
DistenF I think I can hear the sound o$ the sea! (kh-ng dGng I a hearing)
~. Cal[D
1. COLD l th qu kh on ca CAN.
=he could swi when she was $ive!
2. COLD cn uoc dng trong cu iu kin.
I$ you triedE you could do that work!
. Trong cch ni thn mt, COLD uoc xem nhu nhiu tnh cht ljch su hon CAN.
Can you change a %&Hdollar note $or eE please?
Could you tell e the right tieE please?
. COLD uoc dng din t mt su ng vuc hay mt li phn khng nh nhng.
His story could "e trueE "ut I hardly think it is!
I could do the 9o" todayE "ut Id rather put it o$$ until toorrow!
. COLD AS/ERE ABLE TO
- Nu hnh ng din t mt kh nng, mt kin thc, COLD uoc dng thung hon
AS/ERE ABLE TO.
He hurt his $ootE and he couldnt play in the atch!
#he door was lockedE and I couldnt open it!
- Nu cu ni hm mt su thnh cng trong vic thuc hin hnh ng (succeeded in
doing) th AS/ERE ABLE TO uoc s dung ch khng phi COLD.
I $inished y work early and so was a"le to go to the pu" with y $riends!
II. {(` " {IZHT
1. MAY v dng qu kh MHT din t su xin php, cho php (permission).
May I take this "ook? I ;esE you ay!
=he asked i$ she ight go to the party.
2. MAY/MHT dng din t mt kh nng c th xy ra hay khng th xy ra.
It ay rain!
He aditted that the news ight "e true!
. Dng trong cu cm thn, MAY/MHT din t mt li cu chc.
May all your dreas coe trueF
Trong cch dng ny c th xem MAY nhu mt loi Bng Thi cch (Subjunctive).
. MAY/MHT dng trong mnh theo sau cc ng t hope (hy vong) v trust (tin
tung).
I trust (hope) that you ay $ind this plan to your satis$action!
He trust (hoped) that we ight $ind the plan to our satis$action!
. MAY/MHT dng thay cho mt mnh trng ng chi su nhuong b (adverb clauses of
concession).
He ay "e poorE "ut he is honest! (#hough he is poorJ)
#ry as he ayE he will not pass the e@aination! (#hough he tries hardJ)
#ry as he ightE he could not pass the e@aination! (#hough he tried hardJ)
. MAY/MHT thung uoc dng trong mnh trng ng chi muc ch (adverb clauses
of purpose). Trong trung hop ny ngui ta cng thung dng CANCOLD thay cho
MAY/MHT.
=he was studying so <that she ight read <nglish "ooks!
. MHT (khng dng MAY) i khi uoc dng trong cu din t mt li trch mng c
tnh hn di (petulant reproach).
;ou ight listen when I a talking to you!
(D, Kn r2ng , lLng nghe t-i nMi)
;ou ight try to "e a little ore help$ul!
(D, Kn r2ng , tN ra cM Och Pt chQt)
III. {lST
1. MST c ngha l "phi din t mt mnh lnh hay mt su bt buc.
;ou ust drive on the le$t in Dondon!
2. MST dng trong cu suy lun logic.
4re you going hoe at idnight? ;ou ust "e adF
;ou have worked hard all dayR you ust "e tired!
. MST NOT (MSTN'T) din t mt lnh cm.
;ou ustnt walk on the grass!
. Khi mun din t th ph jnh ca MST vi ngha "khng cn thit ngui ta s dung
NEED NOT (NEEDN'T).
Must I do it now? I :oE you neednt! #oorrow will "e soon enough!
. MST v HAVE TO
- HAVE TO dng thay cho MST trong nhng hnh thc m MST khng c.
We shall have to hurry i$ we are going to catch the twelve oclock train!
- HAVE TO khng th thay th MST trong cu suy lun logic.
He ust "e ad! (I personally thought that he was ad)
- MST v HAVE TO u c th dng din t su cung bch, bt buc (compulsion).
Tuy nhin MST mang ngha su cung bch n t ngui ni trong khi HAVE TO mang
ngha su cung bch n t hon cnh bn ngoi (external circumstances)
;ou ust do what I tell you!
?assengers ust cross the line "y the "ridge! (D+nh cSa CTc UVWng =Lt)
?assengers have to cross the line "y the "ridge! (X/ kh-ng c7n YVWng n,o kh2c)
IV. SH([[ " SHal[D
-. SH([[j
uoc dng trong nhng trung hop sau:
- Dng trong cu trc th Tuong lai (Simple uture) ngi th nht.
I shall do what I like!
- Din t mt li ha (promise), mt su qu quyt (determination) hay mt mi e doa
(threat).
I$ you work hardE you shall have a holiday on =aturday! (proise)
He shall su$$er $or thisR he shall pay you what he owes you! (threat)
#hese people want to "uy y houseE "ut they shant have it! (deterination)
A. SHal[D
uoc dng trong nhng trung hop sau:
- Dng trong cu khuyn ai nn lm g, v tuong uong vi oght to.
;ou should do what the teacher tells you!
?eople who live in glass houses should not throw stones! (prover")
- Dng thay cho m+t khi khng mun din t mt ngha qu bt buc ai phi lm g.
Me"ers who want tickets $or the dance should apply "e$ore =epte"er (st to the =ecretary!
V. uI[[ " ual[D
-. uI[[j
- uoc dng th Tuong lai (simple future), din t mt k hoch (plan), su mong mun
(willingness), mt li ha (promise) hay mt su qu quyt (determination).
4ll rightR I will pay you at the rate you ask! (willingness)
I wont $orget little Margarets "irthday! I will send her a present! (proise)
- Dng trong cu nghj.
Will you shut the door?
=hall I open the window?
A. ual[Dj
- Dng hnh thnh th Tuong lai trong qu kh (future in the past) hay cc th trong cu
iu kin.
He said he would send it to eE "ut he didnt!
I$ she were hereE she would help us!
He would have "een very happy i$ he had known a"out it!
- Din t mt thi quen trong qu kh. Vi ngha ny, OLD c th dng thay cho+,% to.
<very day he would get up at si@ oclock and light the $ire!
VI. alZHT Ta " D(y^ " N^^D
-. alZHT Ta
OHT TO c ngha l "nn, gn ging vi 2h#uld. Trong hu ht cc trung hop OHT
TO c th uoc thay th bng 2h#uld.
#hey ought to (should) pay the oney!
He ought to (should) "e ashaed o$ hisel$!
- OHT TO cng dng din t mt su gn ng, rt c th ng (strong probability).
I$ 4lice le$t hoe at )A&&E she ought to "e here any inute now!
- OHT TO c th dng trong tuong lai vi cc t xc jnh thi gian tuong lai nhu
tomorrow, next Tuesday.
Zur tea ought to win the atch toorrow!
- OHT NOT TO HAVE + past participle din t mt su khng tn ng v mt hnh ng
lm trong qu kh.
;ou ought not to have spent all that oney on such a thing!
A. D(y^
- DARE c ngha l "dm, c gan c th uoc xem nhu mt ng t khuyt ln ng t
thung. Khi l mt ng t khuyt thiu, n c y c tnh ca loi ng t ny.
[are he go and speak to her? (YPng t0 khuy\t thi\u)
;ou darent cli" that treeE dare you? (YPng t0 khuy\t thi\u)
He doesnt dare to answer y letter! (YPng t0 thVWng)
=he didnt dare to say a wordE did she? (YPng t0 thVWng)
- Thnh ng " dare say c ngha l "c th, c l ng ngha vi cc t "perhaps, "it is
probable. Thnh ng ny thung khng dng vi ch t no khc ngoi ngi th nht.
He is not here yetE "ut I daresay he will coe later!
G. N^^D
- C hai ng t NEED: mt ng t thung v mt ng t khuyt thiu. Khi l ng t
khuyt thiu NEED chi c hnh thc Hin ti v c y c tnh ca mt ng t khuyt
thiu. N c ngha l "cn phi, tuong tu nhu h!v- t#. V th n cng uoc xem l mt loi
ph jnh ca .u2t.
:eed he work so hard?
;ou neednt go yetE need you?
- C mt iu cn nh l ng t khuyt thiu NEED khng dng th xc jnh. N chi
uoc dng th ph jnh v nghi vn. Khi dng th xc jnh n phi uoc dng vi mt
t ng ph jnh.
;ou neednt see hiE "ut I ust!
I hardly need say how uch I en9oyed the holiday!
VII. lS^D Ta
- SED TO l mt hnh thc ng t c bit. N c th uoc xem nhu mt ng t thung
hay mt ng t khuyt thiu trong vic hnh thnh th ph jnh v th nghi vn.
;ou used to live in DondonE usednt you?
He usednt to soke as uch as he does now!
He didnt use to soke as uch as he does now!
[id you use to cli" the old tree in the garden?
- Ngy nay ngui ta c khuynh hung dng did v didnt lp th ph jnh v th nghi vn
cho SED TO. Trong nhiu trung hop th ph jnh c th uoc hnh thnh bng cch s
dung n-v-". Cch dng us!dn_t to rt him gp v cch vit hay nhm ln v kh oc.
;ou never used to ake that istake!
1. SED TO uoc dng chi mt hnh ng lin tuc, ko di, lp i lp li trong qu kh
m nay khng cn na.
?eople used to think that the earth was $lat!
2. Vi th Qu kh on ngui ta chi bit hnh ng xy ra. Vi SED TO ngui ta thy
uoc tnh cht ko di ca hnh ng y.
He was y classate! (kh-ng r] trong thWi gian "ao l^u)
He used to "e y classate! (trong Pt thWi gian kh2 l^u)
. Phn bit SED TO v mt s hnh thc khc
- SED TO + infinitive: hnh ng lin tuc trong qu kh
- (be) SED TO + V.ing: quen vi mt vic g
- (get) SED TO + V.ing: lm quen vi mt vic g.
He used to work si@ days a week! (:ow he doesnt)
It took y "rother two weeks to get used to working at night! :ow hes used to it!