)(MCSE

:
www.books4arab.15x.com

)(MCSE
-
.

) resources Computer
Peripheral ( .



.
:
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Distributed Computing -
:

.
.
Mainframe Dumb terminals
.
Mainframe terminals
.

)(MCSE

Distributed Computing Distributed
Processing .

. .
Protocol
.
.
:
- , .
- Adapter
Network Interface Card .
Servers
Clients .
.

(System (NOS Network Operating NT
. .

(Area Network (LAN Local
LAN
,
.

)(MCSE

LAN - :
Twisted pair cable )Shielded or Unshielded) .
- Coaxial cable (coax) .
- Fiber Optic Cable .
- Wireless transmission media .
(Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN
LAN
.
LAN

(Wide Area Networks (WAN
.
WAN :
Enterprise Network . -
Global Network . -

.
:
-
- Scheduling .
- Groupware .

)(MCSE

.
:
CCITT X.400 -
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) -
Message Handling Service (MHS) -


.


.

)(MCSE
:

.
.
.
.
: .
: Networks Peer-to-Peer

)(MCSE
- Networks Peer-to-Peer

- : - . - .
.
:
:
- Peer-to-Peer Networks .
- / Server Client Networks .
:

.
: LAN
Server .
Workgroup .
.
.


.
:

)(MCSE
- .
- .
- .
- .
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
:
- .
- .

- .
-
.

:

)(MCSE
- .
- .
- .
: .
.
: .

.
.
:
Windows for Workgroup 3.11-
Windows 95-
Windows 98 -
Windows Me -
Windows NT 4.0 Workstation -
Windows NT 4.0 Server -
Windows 2000 Professional -
Windows 2000 Server -

)(MCSE

NT
. NT
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- .
- .
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:
.
.
.
NT 4.0 (workstation and Server), Win win 3.11, Win 9x ,Win Me, Win
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)(MCSE
- / Networks Client / Server

- : / - . - .
/ - . - .
/ .
:
.

.
/ Network Sever Based
/
/
.
/ :
- .
- .
- .
- .
-
.

)(MCSE

- Security /
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.
:
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- Print Servers .
- Application Servers .
- Communication Servers .
- Database Servers .
NT :
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- Fax Server .
- Communication Server Directory Services Server
) Domain (

.
- / Internet Intranet .
- File and Print Server
.
- Application Servers
.

)(MCSE

.
Microsoft LAN Manager
MS-DOS , UNIX ,OS/2 .
NT :
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.
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- .
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/
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.
- Processing Activity .

- - . .

)(MCSE
- .
.

/

.
:
/ NT
.
NT .
/ .
/ .
Standard Network Topologies
.

)(MCSE
Standard Network Topologies -

- : - . LAN

Standard

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Network Topology .
Topology Physical Layout Design .
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
:
- .
- .
- Cable Connectors .
LAN :
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Ring - .

)(MCSE

Bus
) ( Segment Linear Bus .

:
- )Signal ).
- ) Signal Bounce ).
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Signals
.
Bus Collision

.
Bus :
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- .
- .

)(MCSE
- .
- .

. .

.
Terminator .
.

Terminator
. :
- .

)(MCSE

-
.
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Bus
. :
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.
Repeater

. .

)(MCSE

Bus .
.
:

.
Bus ,Ring and Star Bus
. .
Ring .

)(MCSE
- Ring
Ring .

.
Passing Token Token
.
Free Token

Token
.



Token Free

.

)(MCSE

Token Passing

Bus .
:
Terminators
Token Passing
.
: . Star
- Star .
August 2001
:
- Star
- .
- Hub .
Star Hub
Concentrator Central Point . Wiring Center
.

)(MCSE

Hub
Hub .
.
.
Star
.

.
:
Star Bus .-
Star Ring. -
Star Bus Bus Star . .

)(MCSE

Linear Bus Segments

. .

.
Star Ring Ring . .

. Hubs
.
Hubs :
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- Passive Hub.
- Hybrid Hub .
Active Hub
. Repeater
) ( Multiport Repeater
. .

)(MCSE

. Hub Passive
.
Hybrid Hubs
.
Star
(Shielded Twisted Pair (STP
Coaxial Fiber Optic .
Hub
:
-
.
- .
- .
- .
- .
-
.

)(MCSE
- .
- .
:

Hub
.
Star Bus : Ring . Star
: .
: Ethernet .

)(MCSE
- Ethernet

Ethernet LAN Architecture Xerox

. ) IEEE Networking Standard 802.3
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Collision Detection Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
((CSMA/CD
.
.

. .
Bus Star Bus .
Baseband Signaling
Broadband Signaling .
Network Controller Ethernet
.

) (.

Controller
:

)(MCSE
. (BaseT (Twisted-Pair- .

(Base2 (Thin Coaxial- .

(Base5 (Thick Coaxial- .

(BaseF (Fiber Optic- .

Bridges
. Routers .
. -
Base-2.

)(MCSE
.

Baseband Broadband .

Segment .
Base2
Baseband .
BaseT BaseF . BaseT T
Twisted Pair F BaseF Fiber Optic .
Frame
. .

:
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- Source and Destination Section .
- Type Section IP IPX .
- CRC) Section) Cyclical Redundancy Check
.

)(MCSE
TCP/IP .

Bridge Router
Segment .
.

:
- .
- Applications High Bandwidth
.
:
- .
- NT Workstation NT Server .
- Professional , Server , Advanced Server ). )
Windows for Workgroup . -
Microsoft LAN Manager . -
Novell Netware . -
IBM LAN Server . -

)(MCSE
AppleShare . -
:

. IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD

.
BaseT, 10Base2, 10Base5, 10BaseF . :
.
.
: .

)(MCSE

- BaseT
BaseT Baseband
Twisted Pair .
) (Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP
( Shielded
(Twisted Pair (STP .
BaseT Star Bus .
:
BaseT Hub
Bus
CSMA/CD .
BaseT:
BaseT Transceiver - ) ( Transmitter Receiver .
Wiring Hub - .
repeaters - .
- RJ-45 Connectors .
Multiport Repeater
.
Twisted Pair RJ-45 Connecters
. .

)(MCSE

.
Transceiver - (Interface (AUT Attachment Unit
Controller .
BaseT Transceiver .
Segment BaseT
.
BaseT
.
Thick Coaxial Twisted Pair BaseT :
Thick Coaxial BaseT Transceiver Twisted Pair
. .

)(MCSE

BaseT
) (Twisted Pair .
:
BaseT Baseband Twisted
Pair .
.
: - RJ-45 .
Base2 Base5 .

)(MCSE

- Base2 Base5
Base2 Base5 .
Base2
Baseband Bus
Thin Coaxial .
Base2
.
.
Base2 :
Base2 Transceiver - .
- Thin Coaxial .
- T Connectors .
- BNC Barrel Connectors (50 ohm) .
- BNC Terminators (50 ohm) .
- Repeaters .
Base2 Segment :
: BNC Barrel Connectors
.
: T T Connectors .

)(MCSE

: T Ethernet Controller ). (.

: Segment BNC
Terminator T . Base2.
Base2 Base5
Base5 .

.
Base2 Segments Repeaters

). (.

)(MCSE

-- Rule . --
Base5 Baseband
Bus Thick Coaxial
.
Segment .

Reflection
.
.
.

Base5 :

)(MCSE
- Transceiver .
Transceiver Cable . -
- ohm Terminator .-
- .
- Wiring Hub .
- Barrel Connectors .
- Coring Tool .

- Transceiver Cable
pin Ribbon- Connector DB-15
. Controller .

Base5 - Transceiver Transceiver

. Cable .

)(MCSE

Transceiver Cable Transceiver .

Transceiver Coring Tool
. Transceiver .

In-line
Connector . Transceiver .

)(MCSE

Base5 Rule -- . Repeaters

.
Base5 :
- Electromagnetic
(Interference (EMI .
- BaseT Base2 .
Base2 .
:
Base2 Baseband Bus .

.
Base5 Baseband Bus .

)(MCSE

.
: BaseF .

)(MCSE
- BaseF

BaseF Fiber Optic

.
BaseF Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) .
BaseF :
- Fiber Optic Cable .
Fiber Optic Transceiver (FOT) . -
- SMA) Connectors) Sub Miniature Assembly
Straight Tip (ST) .
:
- Single Mode . 2- Multimode .
LAN .
Twisted Pair
(Fiber Optic Transceiver (FOT
. .

)(MCSE

FOT Repeaters Bridge

Router.
FOT Sub Miniature Assembly (SMA) Connectors
. .

BaseF :
BaseFL Fiber Link . -
BaseFB Fiber Backbone . -
BaseFP Passive Fiber. -

)(MCSE

BaseFL Repeaters Segment

.
BaseFL FOT Repeaters Hubs .
BaseFL .
BaseFB
Repeaters.
Transceiver Repeaters .
BaseFB Repeaters Segment .
BaseFP Passive Hub
Transceivers Repeaters Network Adapter Cards
Transceiver .
Hubs .
:
BaseF
.
BaseF :
BaseFL Fiber Link . -
BaseFB Fiber Backbone . -
BaseFP Passive Fiber. -

)(MCSE
- Mbps IEEE Standard Broa
September 2001
:
- Mbps IEEE Standard .

- . Broadband
:
- Computer Aided Design (CAD) .
- Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM).
- Video Conferencing .
:
BaseVG AnyLAN Ethernet . -
BaseX Ethernet (Fast Ethernet) . -
BaseT BaseT.
IEEE 802.12 Token Ring
.
BaseVG(Voice Grade) AnyLAN Token Ring
Hewlett-Packard .
:
VG-AnyLAN . -

)(MCSE
BaseVG. -
VG. -
AnyLAN. -

BaseVG(Voice Grade) AnyLAN Star

Twisted Pair ) . Category TP (.
.
(BaseX Ethernet (Fast Ethernet UTP STP .
CSMA/CD Star Bus .
(BaseX Ethernet (Fast Ethernet :
BaseT4 - UTP.
BaseTX - UTP STP .
BaseFX - .
IEEE 802.3 ) Baseband ( Broadband Broadband
Coaxial .
Broadband Broad36
.
Broad36 Baseband
Baseband Broadband Radio
. Frequency Modem .

)(MCSE

Broadband
.
Broad36 Bandwidth ) (
MHZ Broad36 .
MHZ - )Community Antenna Television (CATV
Coaxial Cable .
Broadband :
- CATV LAN .
- LAN .
:
:
BaseVG AnyLAN Ethernet - TP .
(BaseX Ethernet (Fast Ethernet - :
BaseT4 - UTP.

)(MCSE
BaseTX - UTP STP .
BaseFX - .

Broadband
.
Token Ring .

)(MCSE
- Token Ring
:
- Token Ring .
- Token Ring .
- Token Ring .
- Frame .
- Token Ring .

Token Ring IEEE 802.5

Token Ring Ring .
IEEE 802.3 .
Token Ring LAN :
- Token Passing .
- Hybrid Star/Ring Topology
IEEE 802.5 (Media Access Control (MAC
Passing Token :
- .
- .
Token Passing Token Token
.

)(MCSE

.
Token Ring
Hub
.
IBM Token Ring IBM
) Multistation Access Unit (MAU Twisted Pair .
Token Ring :
- STP .
- .
- Baseband .
Token Ring Token
Token
.
.
:
- .
- Token .
Token Ring :

)(MCSE

- Phase 0 Lobe Test

.
- Phase 1

Token .

.
- Phase 2 Duplicate Address Test


.
- Phase 3 Nearest Active Upstream
(Neighbor (NAUN .
Token Ring
.
- Phase 4 (Ring Parameter Server (RPS
:
- Values . Initialization
- : Code Level NAUN
Address .
Token Ring .
Frame :

)(MCSE
- Start Delimiter .

- Access Control
Token .
- Frame Control (Media Access Control (MAC
(Logical Link Control (LLC .
- Destination Address .
- Source Address .
- Routing Information
. .

- Information Data .
- Frame Check Sequence
.
- End Delimiter .
- Frame Status
.

)(MCSE

Token Ring
.
:
- IBM (Computers Type 1 (STP for
.
- IBM (Data STP Type 2 (Voice And
.
- IBM (UTP Type 3 (Voice Grade
.
- .
. Repeaters .

Token Ring :
(Media Interface Connectors (MIC - . .

)(MCSE

(RJ-45 Telephone Connectors (8 pin - . .

(RJ-11 Telephone Connectors (4 pin - . .

Token Ring :
- .
- .
:
Token Ring IEEE 802.5.
.
Token Ring .
Token Ring STP UTP .

)(MCSE
.
AppleTalk ARCnet .

)(MCSE

- AppleTalk ARCnet
:
- AppleTalk .
- ARCnet.
Apple Computer
.
(Apple Macintosh (Mac Apple
.
Apple :
AppleTalk. -
LocalTalk. -
AppleShare. -
EtherTalk. -
TokenTalk. -
Apple Mac AppleTalk
Distributed Peer to Peer .
AppleTalk Phase 1
AppleTalk Phase 2 .

)(MCSE

AppleTalk Mac LaserWriter printers

.
Mac RS-422 Serial Port
AppleTalk .
AppleTalk LocalTalk AppleTalk .
:
-.
-.
- Cable Extenders .
LocalTalk UTP, STP, Optic Cable STP.
Segment .
:
- . pin DIN .

. (pin (DB25 - .

)(MCSE
.(pin (DB9 - .

. (RJ-11 (Telephone Jack - .

Mac:
. SCSI Port - .

.ADB Port - .

.Modem Port - .

)(MCSE

.Printer Port - .

LocalTalk CSMA/CA .
LocalTalk PhoneNET Communications Farallon
.
AppleShare File Server Software AppleTalk Apple
AppleShare Print Server .
LocalTalk Zones
. Zone Name LocalTalk
. Token Ring LocalTalk
.
LocalTalk Zones .
Apple AppleTalk :
IBM PC - .

)(MCSE
IBM Mainframes. -
Digital Equipment Corporation VAX Computers. -
- Unix.
EtherTalk Mac .
Mac EtherTalk .

EtherTalk (Thick and Thin) Coaxial EtherTalk

Mac .
EtherTalk AppleTalk Phase 2 .
TokenTalk Mac Token Ring TokenTalk
AppleTalk Phase 2.
AppleTalk
:
- .
- .
- .
AppleTalk :
(Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP - .
(Name Binding Protocol (NMP - Distributed
Database Names Directory
Numerical Addresses .

)(MCSE

(Zone Information Protocol (ZIP - .

(AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP - .
(AppleTalk Session Protocol (ASP - .
(Printer Access Protocol (PAP - .
(AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP - .
(AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol (ADSP - .
(AppleTalk Echo Protocol (AEP -
PING .
(Attached Resource Computer Network (ARCNet
.
ARCNet Datapoint Corporation . ARCNet
.
ARCNet Token Passing Bus . Star Bus
Source
(Identifier (SID (Next Identifier (NID
.
Token ARCNet (Invitation TO Transmit (ITT
:
ITT Free
(Buffer Enquiry (FBE
(Acknowledgment Frame (ACK

)(MCSE

(NAK) Negative Acknowledgment Frame

.
ACK ACK
ITT .
ARCNet :
- .
- .
- ARCNet Plus ARCNet .

ARCNet Plus ARCNet .

ARCNet A/U Coaxial Cable ohm RG-62
UTP .
BNC
.
UTP RJ-11 RJ-45 .
:
AppleTalk Mac LocalTalk AppleShare AppleTalk :
EtherTalk TokenTalk.
EtherTalk LocalTalk .
TokenTalk Token Ring.

)(MCSE
AppleTalk .
ARCNet .

ARCNet ARCNet Plus

.
ARCNet .

)(MCSE
- Cards Network Adapter
:
- .
- .
- .

Adapter Card Network :

Network Interface Card (NIC). -
LAN Card. -
LAN Interface Card. -
LAN Adapter. -

.
Expansion Slot
.
:
- .
- .
- .

)(MCSE

-
.
) IEEE Institute of Electrical and
( Electronic Engineers .
) ROM
(
.
.
Hardware Software Firmware
ROM .
.Buses .

)(MCSE

Parallel
.
. Serial Transmission
.

. Transceiver .

:
- .
- .
- .
- .

.

RAM Buffering.

)(MCSE

.

.
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- Overflow.
- .
.
:
- .
- .
- .
:
.

)(MCSE

.
.
.
.

)(MCSE
-
:
- .
- .
- .
- NT 4 Interrupt Conflict.

.
.
.
.
:
ISA. -
MCA . -
EISA. -
PCI. -
(Industry Standard Architecture (ISA IBM PC XT, AT
.
ISA .

)(MCSE

(Micro Channel Architecture (MCA IBM

.
(Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA
Compaq HP .NEC
ISA.
(Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI Intel
.
Plug and Play

:
- (Basic Input-Output System (BIOS Plug and Play .
- Plug and Play .
- Plug and Play .

.
: .
: .
: Antistatic Plastic Bag.
: .
: .
: .

)(MCSE

Plug and Play :
Interrupt - .
Base I/O Port Address - .
DMA Channel - .
Base Memory Address - .
Transceiver - -.
Interrupt
.
Interrupt Request (IRQ) Lines
Levels .
:
- EGA/VGA.
- COM1, COM3.
- Floppy Disk Controller.
- Parallel Port.
- Real -Time Clock .
- .
- Math Coprocessor.

)(MCSE
- .

.
IRQ3 IRQ5
.
Base Input Output I/O Port .
Port format Hexadecimal
Base I/O Port .
:
to 30F
to 31F
.
(Direct Memory Access (DMA
.
.
Base Memory Address RAM
D8000 D800
.
Transceiver :
On-Board BNC. -

)(MCSE
On-Board RJ-45. -
On-Board AUI. -

Combo Card
Jumpers
.
Jumpers . .

Jumpers (In-Line Package (DIP Dual

. .

NT .
. Network .

)(MCSE

.Adapters .

.ADD .

)(MCSE

Have Disk OK.

:
I/O Port Address. -
Interrupt Number. -

)(MCSE
Transceiver Type. -
.OK .

ISA PCI
. .

OK NT .

)(MCSE

NetBEUI
TCP/IP Protocols Add .
.

Close .
Conflict
IRQ
Windows NT Diagnostics .

)(MCSE

Resources . .

Network Adapters
. .

)(MCSE

DIP .
:
ISA MCAEISA PCI.
.
NT IRQ
Windows NT Diagnostics .
.

)(MCSE
-
September 2001
:
- .
- .
- .

.
:
- .
- Driver Software.
- .
- .
- .
.
:
- Programmed I/O.
- Shared Adapter Memory.

)(MCSE
- Direct Memory Access (DMA).
- Bus Mastering.
Programmed I/O .

Address I/O
.
. .

.
.
Shared Adapter Memory RAM

. .

)(MCSE

Direct Memory Access

:
: Controller DMA
.
: . .

.
Bus Mastering Parallel Tasking
. .

)(MCSE

DMA .

.
EISA MCA PCI Bus Mastering.
Network Card Driver
.

. .


:
- RAM Buffer
.
-
.

)(MCSE
:
- RISC.
- CISC.

RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computing

.
CISC Complex Instruction Set Computing

.
RISC CISC
RISC CISC.

.

.
Workstation .
Wireless LAN
.
:
- .
- .
:

)(MCSE
- .

- Wireless Concentrator
Transceiver :
- Radio Waves.
- Microwaves.
- Infrared.
:
- .
- .
- .



Remote-Boot PROM .
:
:
.
.
PROM Remote-Boot
.

)(MCSE
.

)(MCSE
-
:
- .
- .
- .
:
- .
- .
transmission medium .
:
electrical pulses - .
radio waves - .
microwaves - .
infrared light - .

electromagnetic (EM) waves.

:
- semiconductor.
- analog digital.

)(MCSE

.
discrete .
.
EM spectrum.
.
wavelength frequency energy.
.
.

.
.

.

.
.
.
.
line-of-sight .

)(MCSE
.

.
.

.
.
:
- .
- .
.
.
:
- .
- .
- .
.
.
:

)(MCSE
-
-
-
-
:
- .
- .
- attenuation.
- interference. immunity from electromagnetic
.

(hertz (HZ bandwidth.

.
.
attenuation .
.
.
.
(EMI (electromagnetic interference
.

)(MCSE

.
:
.
: .
:
.
: .
-
September 2001
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- IBM.
:
- Coaxial Cable.
- Twisted Pair.
- Fiber Optic.

)(MCSE
:
- Baseband.
- Broadband.

Baseband
Bandwidth.
Baseband.
bidirectional
.
attenuation
Baseband Repeaters .
Broadband Analog
.
Broadband unidirectional
:
- dual-cable .
- midsplit
. .

)(MCSE
Broadband amplifiers.

Cable TV
. .

:
- . .

- . .

)(MCSE
- .Teflon .

EMI
Crosstalk .
.
:
- Thin.
- Thick.
Base2 .
Base5

.
:
- ) ( RG-8 ) RG-11 (.
- RG-58 .
- RG-59 .
- RG-62 ARCnet.
BNC (British Naval
(Connectors BNC :
BNC cable connector. -

)(MCSE
BNC T connector. -
BNC barrel connector. -
BNC terminator. -

:
polyvinyl chloride (PVC). -
plenum. -
PVC
.
plenum plenum

. .

EMI
Crosstalk .

)(MCSE
.
:
- Thin.
- Thick.

Base2 .
Base5

.
:
- ) ( RG-8 ) RG-11 (.
- RG-58 .
- RG-59 .
- RG-62 ARCnet.
BNC (British Naval
(Connectors BNC :
BNC cable connector. -
BNC T connector. -
BNC barrel connector. -
BNC terminator. -

)(MCSE

:
polyvinyl chloride (PVC). -
plenum. -
PVC
.
plenum plenum

. .

Shielded -. .

(Unshielded twisted pair (UTP

BaseT.
Industries Association and the The Electronic
(EIA/TIA) Telecommunications Industries Association UTP :
Category 1 - .

)(MCSE
Category 2 - .
Category 3 - .
Category 4 - .
Category 5 - .

UTP Shielding
(Shielded-twisted pair (STP
.
STP UTP :
- .
- .
- .
TP :
- .
- .
Core
Kevlar
. .

)(MCSE

Core
.
:
- .
- .
- .
-
.

.

.
.
:
- .
- .
IBM :
- .
- Face Plates.
- Distribution Panels.

)(MCSE
- .

IBM . hermaphroditi
.

. .

IBM American Wire Gauge (AWG) .

IBM:
Type 1 - STP for computers. -
Type 2 - voice and data STP. -
Type 3 - voice and data UTP. -
Type 5 - fiber optic cable. -
Type 6 - dual-shielded UTP. -
Type 8 - STP for use under carpets. -

)(MCSE
Type 9 plenum. -
:
.
Baseband Broadband.
.
.
.
IBM .
.

)(MCSE
-
:
- .
- .
- .
- .

.

.
Wireless LAN :
- .
- .
- .

.

Hybrid.
:
- .

)(MCSE
- .
- .
:
- .
- .
- .

.
Transceiver.
Transceiver .
Transceiver .
:
- single-frequency radio Narrow-Band
High-Frequency Radio.
- spread-spectrum radio.
- infrared.

.

.

)(MCSE
Transceiver .

single-frequency radio Radio

Frequency (RF) Range
(GHz(10^9 Hz .

.
:
- .
- .
- .
.

.

.
.

.
.
spread-spectrum radio
.

)(MCSE

.
:
- Direct Sequence Modulation.
- Frequency Hopping.
.


chips.

.
Frequency Hopping

.
.

.
.

.

)(MCSE

.

.
- : .
- .
(Light Emitting Diode (LED Injection Laser Diode (ILD) .
. .

.
.

)(MCSE

.
.
:
- Point to Point.
- Broadcast.
- Reflective.

. .

. .
.

.

)(MCSE

.Networks Scatter Infrared .

.


.
Reflective
Transceiver . .

)(MCSE

: .

: .
: .
.

)(MCSE
-
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
LAN :
- .
- .
- Remote Access.
:

Wireless LAN Bridge

.
:
- Spread Spectrum Radio.
- Infrared.

)(MCSE

Long Range Wireless

Bridge
.

.
:
- .
- .
- .
IT Industry Mobile Computing.
.
Computer Memory Card International Personal
(Association (PCMCIA .
PCMCIA :
ISDN Adapter. -
Fax Modem. -
Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Cards. -
.
.

)(MCSE

ISDN
Cellular Antenna

.
.
:
- Packet-Radio Communication.
- Cellular Networks.
- Microwave Systems.
Packet-Radio Communication .
:
- .
- .
- Error-Correction Information.
- .

.
.
Cellular Digital Packet Data
((CDPD .

)(MCSE

) (
delay .

. .

Receiver
. .
:
- Transceiver .
- .
Remote Access LAN
.Server Communications .

)(MCSE

Novell NetWares Remote Console Utility

.

.
.
:
- .
- .
:
- Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP).
- Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
SLIP TCP/IP )
( .

)(MCSE

PPP SLIP SLIP

TCP/IP PPP .
PPP .
:
TAPI. -
UniModem. -
TAPI .
TAPI :
- .
- Automatic Phone Dialing.
- .
- .
- Voice-mail.
- Caller Identification.
- .
TAPI
TAPI.
TAPI Layer Service Provider UniModem.

)(MCSE

UniModem
.
:
.
.
SLIP PPP TAPI UniModem .

)(MCSE
-
:
- Packet.
- .
- .

.
.
Packets Frames .
.

.

.

:
- .
- .
- .

)(MCSE
:
-.
- Control Data.
- Session Control Codes.
: .
.

Codes Error Correction

.
.
:
- Source Address.
- .
- Destination Address.
:
- .
- .
- .
:
- The Header.

)(MCSE
- The Data.
- The Tailer.
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
.

). Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC
CRC


.
.
.

Broadcast Type Address.
.

)(MCSE

. .

:
- Packet Forwarding.
- Packet Filtering.
:
.

.
:
.
: .

)(MCSE
.

)(MCSE
-

.


.
:
- .
- .
- .
Protocol Stack Suite. Protocol

.



.
:
- .
- .
- .
:

)(MCSE
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .

.
Routing.
Routable Protocols
.
:
Connection-Oriented. -
Connectionless. -
Connection-Oriented Virtual Circuit
.
.
(Transmission Control Protocol(TCP Connection-
Oriented.

)(MCSE

Connectionless

.
(Internet Protocol (IP Connectionless.
.
layering .
Protocol Stack
.
Protocol Stack
Low-Level Protocols.
Protocol Stack
High-Level Protocols.
Protocol Stack .
Binding Protocol Stack.
.

.
TCP/IP
.

.

)(MCSE

TCP/IP NetBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface

TCP/IP NetBEUI

NetBEUI TCP/IP.
Standars. Protocol
:
The International Standards Organization (ISO).The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). -
International Telecommunications Union (ITU). -
:
- Application Protocols.
- Transport Protocols.
- Network Protocols.
Protocol Stack
:
Server Message Block (SMB). -
Novells NetWare Core Protocols (NCPs). -
File Transfer Access and Management Protocol (FTAMP). -
:
File Transfer Protocol (FTP). -

)(MCSE
Telnet. -

:
- NWLink.
- NetBEUI.
Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX). -
Transmission Control Protocol(TCP). -
Link Services :
- .
- .
- .
- Token Ring.
:
Internet Protocol (IP). -
Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX). -
:
:
.

)(MCSE
-
:
- TCP/IP.
- NetBIOS NetBEUI.
- IPX/SPX NWLink.
-

(Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP Transmission Control

.
TCP/IP .
TCP/IP US Defence Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
Advanced Research Projects Agency
(Network (ARPANET .
TCP/IP
.
TCP/IP TCP IP
. .

)(MCSE

TCP Transport Protocol Connection- Oriented

Full Duplex .
IP Network Protocol Connectionless.
IP
.
IP TCP/IP IP
(Message Protocol (ICMP Internet Control IP
Connectionless IP
ICMP IP IP.
IP ICMP
ICMP IP
.
TCP TCP
TCP/IP (User Datagram Protocol (UDP
Connectionless TCP.
TCP/IP :

)(MCSE
SMTP. -
FTP. -
SNMP. -
Telnet. -

(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP

TCP IP .
(File Transfer Protocol (FTP :
- .
- .
- .
- .
(Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP Internet Engineering Task
(Force (IETF
:
IP. -
IPX. -
AppleTalk. -
- OSI.
DECnet. -

)(MCSE

Telnet FTP .
TCP/IP :
- .
- Intranet.
- Routing.
- .
- .
TCP/IP :
- .
- .
.
(Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS high-level Application
(Program Interface (API .
LAN Interface
:
- .
- .
- .

)(MCSE

NetBIOS NetBIOS Novell IBM

Routing.
NetBIOS (Interface (NetBEUI NetBIOS Extended User

.
Routing :
- .
- .
NetBEUI
) (.
.
(Exchange (IPX/SPX Internetwork Packet Exchange / Sequenced Packet
Novell Xerox Corporation.
IPX SPX.
IPX NetWare
Connectionless .
SPX Connection-Oriented
.
IPX/SPX :
- .
- .

)(MCSE
- .
:
- NetWare.
- .

NWLink IPX/SPX

Novell NWLink
NetWare Redirector NWLink .
Redirector Input/Output
:
Microsoft Client Service for NetWare (CSNW). -
Novell NetWare Client for NT. -

AppleTalk :
(AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP - .
(AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP - .
(Name Binding Protocol (NBP - .
(AppleTalk Session Protocol (ASP - ATP.
(Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP - .

)(MCSE

(Digital Equipment Corporation Net (DECnet

:
- .
- MANs) Fiber Distributed Data Interface Metropolitan Area Networks (FDDI
- WAN .
DECnet TCP/IP OSI .
:
- IBM Communication (APPC). Advanced Program-to-Program
- (Xerox Network System (XNS Xerox.
- (Server Message Block (SMB IBM
.
- (Data Link Control (DLC :
- Mainframe.
- ) Hewlett-Packard (HP .
: TCP/IP :
TCP, IP, ICMP, UDP, SMTP, FTP, SNMP, Telnet
.
NetBEUI .
IPX/SPX Novell .

IBM

)(MCSE
AppleTalk :
AFP, ATP, NBP, DDP
:
DECnet, APPC, XNS, SMB, DLC

)(MCSE
-
:
- Access Methods.
- CSMA/CD CSMA/CA.

- Passing. Token
- .

Priority

Demand

Access Method
.

.

.
:
- .
- .

.
:
- Methods.
- Methods.

Contention
Control

)(MCSE

Token Ring
.

(Multiple Access/Collision Detection CSMA/CD ( Carrier-Sense -

.
(CSMA/CA ( Carrier-Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance - .
Token Passing. -
- Demand Priority.

CSMA
.

CSMA :

CSMA/CD. -
CSMA/CA. -

Contention Methods.

CSMA/CD
Defer Mode.

)(MCSE

Jam Signal
.

CSMA/CD
.
CSMA/CD
:

- .
- .

CSMA/CD .

CSMA/CA
Reservation Burst


.

)(MCSE

Passing Token
.

Token Passing .

.
.

Demand Priority VG-

AnyLAN 802.12.

IEEE

.
VG-AnyLAN .

)(MCSE

.
:
- .
- .

. .

.
:
: .
:
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CA
Token Passing
Demand Priority
: .

)(MCSE

- - -
:
:
- LAN WAN.
- .
- Synchronous Asynchronous.
- .

Wide Area Networks (WAN).

WAN LAN :

- .
- .
- .
- .

- .
- .
- .

)(MCSE
.

- .
- .
- .

- Modems.
- Repeaters.
- Bridges.
- Routers.
- Brouters Multiprotocol Routers.
- Gateways.

) Modems MOdulator
( DEModulator
.

)(MCSE
- .
- .

- . .

Internal - .
External - RS-232.

.RJ-11 .

)(MCSE

dial-up network lines - .

leased lines - .

Baud



.

(Telecommunications Union (ITU the International

V
:

V.22bis - 2400 bps -

bps - V.32 -
V.32bis - 14,400 bps -
V.32terbo - 19,000 bps -
bps - V.34 -
V.34bis - 33.600 bps -
V.90 - 57,000 bps -

)(MCSE

- asynchronous.
- synchronous.

Start Bit Stop Bit



Parity Bit
.

Channel Speed - .
Throughput -
.

Frames

)(MCSE
.

Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC). -

High-level Data Link Control (HDLC). -
Protocol (Bisync). Binary Synchronous Communications -

- .
- .
- .

Repeaters


Token Ring

Access Method
.

)(MCSE

Storm Broadcast
.
:
.

.
: : .

)(MCSE
- - -
:
:
- .
- .
- .
- .

- .
- .

- .
- .

- .
- .
- .
- Token Ring . .

)(MCSE

- .
- .
- .

IPX TCP/IP OSI.

)(MCSE

- .
- .

- Local.
- Remote.

. .

. .

)(MCSE

Bridge Learning.

Routing Table.

: :

)(MCSE

.
-

.

:
.

- .Backbone .

- .Cascade .

)(MCSE

- .Star .

)(MCSE

. .

Multiport Bridge
.

Broadcast Storm
. .

)(MCSE

- .
- .

(Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA

. .

)(MCSE
.
.
: .
.

)(MCSE
- - -
:
:
- Routers.
- .
- Gateways .

Router
.

- .
- .

Broadcast Messages.

)(MCSE

TCP/IP
TCP/IP Frame Relay .

- .
- .
- .
- .

MAC
.

Algorithms :

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) -

Routing Information Protocol)) RIP -
LSP (NetWare Link Services Protocol) -

)(MCSE

OSPF Link-State :

- .
- .
-
.

OSPF TCP/IP.

- Hops .
- .
- .
- .

RIP Distance-Vector Algorithms

TCP/IP IPX .

NLSP Link-State IPX.

Link-State Distance-Vector.

)(MCSE

- .
- .
- .

Subnets.

Broadcast Messages
Broadcast Storms.

DECnet -
TCP/IP -
IPX -
OSI -
XNS -
AppleTalk -

)(MCSE

(Local Area Transport (LAT - .

NetBIOS. -
NetBEUI -

- Static.
- Dynamic.

- .
- .

.


:

-.
- .

- .
- .
:

)(MCSE

- .
- .
- .

Broadcast Storm.

- .
- TCP/IP.
- LAN WAN.

Brouter Multiprotocol Router

.

Brouter :

)(MCSE
- .
- .
- .

Gateway :

- .
- .
- .
- .

: .

: .

: .

NT IBM

.

)(MCSE

- .
- .

- .
- .
- .
:
:
.
Brouter.
.

)(MCSE
- - -
:
:
- Dial-up WAN.
- WAN.

- Online .Offline.

.
(Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN

.
Dial-up.
Dial-up
.
PSTN Circuit-Switched Network.
Switching Center
. .

)(MCSE

.
:
- Type 1 .
- Type 2 .
- Type 3 .
- Type 4 .
- Type 5 .
- Type 6 .
- Type 7 .
- Type 8 .
- Type 9 .

)(MCSE
- Type 10 .

PSTN



.
Dial-up
.
Dial-up
.
VPN) .) Virtual Private Network
VPN Dial-up
.
Dial-up :
-.
- .

Dial-up .
.
: Online Offline.

)(MCSE

)(
Offline

Dial-up .
Offline

.
Online.


.
Online Offline .
WAN Multiplexing
.
Multilinking .
:
Dial-up : .
Online Offline Dialup.
WAN Multiplexing Multilinking.

)(MCSE
- - -
September 2001
:
:
- .
- Pulse Code Modulation.
- T1, E1, T3, Switched 56.
- DS-0 DS-1 T1.
- CSU DSU T1.

.
.
Point to Point
Fullduplex.

(Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit (CSU/DSU
Synchronous .Bipolar .

)(MCSE

(PCM) Pulse Code Modulation :

- Sampling.
- Quantizing.
- Encoding.

. .

. .

) (
. .

)(MCSE

. .

) (.
T1
. .

)(MCSE

T1 .
T1
.
T1 E1

.
T1 (Fractional T1 (FT1
.
T3 T3
T1.
Switched 56
CSU/DSU Switched 56.
T1 T1 DS-0 Link.
DS-0 Link

.
(Digital Signal level 1 (DS-1 DS-0 T1.
T1 (Manager (NRM Network Resource
.
T1 Multiplexing .
Multiplexing Multiplexer
. .

)(MCSE

T1 :
Digital Signal Level 1C (DS-1C). -
Digital Signal Level 2-Facility (DS-2) -
Digital Signal Level 3-Facility (DS-3) -
Digital Signal Level 4-Facility (DS-4) -
:

DS-1C T1C T1
.
DS-2 T2 T1
.

)(MCSE

DS-3 T3 T1
.
DS-4 T4 T1
.
T1 Multiplexer . Mux
Unipolar RS-232C Multiplexer Bipolar
Multiplexer (Digital Service Unit (DSU DS-1 Signals.
(Channel Service Unit (CSU DSU Provider. Service
.
Loopback

.
T1 Analog Switches
(Compressor/Decompressor (Codec
. .

)(MCSE
:
T1 .
E1.
T1 C-T T2 T3 T4.
: : .

)(MCSE
- - -
September 2001
:
:
- Circuit-Switching.
- Message-Switching.
- Packet-Switching.
- X.25 Packet-Switching.

.

.
Switching Data :
Circuit-Switching. -
Message-Switching. -
Packet-Switching. -
.
Circuit-Switching

. .

)(MCSE

Circuit-Switching :
- Reverse Charging .
- Call Redirect.
- Incoming Calls only.
- Outgoing Calls Only.
- .
- Connect when free.
:
- .
-
.
-
.
- .

)(MCSE

Message-Switching
.



Store-and-Forward Message-Switching

.

.
.

.

.
.
Packet-Switching

.
(Communication Equipment(DCE Data

.
:

)(MCSE
- .

- .
- .
(SVC) Switched Virtual Circuits

(Permanent Virtaul Circuits (PVC .
:
- .
- .
- .
X.25 Packet-Switching Data
(Communication Equipment (DCE Data Terminal Equipment
((DTE X.25 .
X.25
X.25.
X.25 :
- Physical Layer ( Physical Interface).
- Data-Link Layer Link Control Protocol. Link Access
- Network Layer Packet Level Protocol.

)(MCSE

Duplex Full
.
:
- .
- ) ( DTE
DCE .
- DTE DCE.
X.25 High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC).
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- Multiplexing.
:
Switching Data :
Circuit-Switching. -
Message-Switching. -
Packet-Switching. -

)(MCSE

X.25 Packet-Switching :
Physical Layer Data-Link Layer Network Layer.
: ISDN.

)(MCSE
- - -
September 2001
: ISDN
:
- ISDN.
- .
- .
- .

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

.

Time

(Division Multiplexing (TDM

ISDN .
ISDN ISDN Access Interface ISDN:
Basic Rate Interface (BRI). -
Primary Rate Interface (PRI). -
:
- .
- .
BRI B D B+D B
D

)(MCSE

B Bonding
.
PRI B D ) B+D PRI
(B+D D
) (.
ISDN Twisted Pair.
Twisted Pair ISDN
ISDN ISDN
Twisted Pair .ISDN
.

ISDN :
Network Termination Equipment Type 1 (NT1). -
Terminal Adapters (TAs). -
NT1 :
- U S/T.
- ISDN.

)(MCSE
- Multiplexing.

S/T NT1 ISDN.

:
ISDN-Ready. -
Not ISDN-Ready. -
ISDN-Ready NT1 Termination Equipment Type 1
((TE1 :
- .
- .
- .
TE1 NT1 S/T ISDN.
TE1 .
NT1 (Termination Equipment Type 2 (TE2
:
- .
- .
TE2 ISDN (Terminal Adapter (TA
ISDN ISDN TA:
ISDN Modems. -

)(MCSE
ISDN Cards. -
ISDN Routers and Bridges. -

TA TE2 ) ISDN (
ISDN RJ-11 :
- . .

- S/T.
ISDN
ISDN ISDN.
ISDN ISDN.
ISDN :
- Telephone Companys Local Exchange.
- ) TE1 TE2).
ISDN :
- ISDN.
- .
- .
- .

)(MCSE
ISDN :
- .
- Bandwidth on demand.
- .

- :
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
ISDN ISDN.
ISDN :
- .
-
.
- ISDN ISDN
ISDN ISDN CCITT/ITU.
:
ISDN .

)(MCSE
ISDN BRI PRI.
ISDN TE1 TE2.

)(MCSE
- - -
: Frame Relay
:
- Frame Relay.
- .
- .
- .

Frame Relay Packet Switching .

Frames.
:
- .
- X.25.
.
ANSI CCITT/ITU Frame Relay Forum
Frame Relay.
.
Connection-Oriented (Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC
.
PVC Frame Relay
. .

)(MCSE

PVC Frame Relay

) Data Link Connection Identifiers (DLCI . .

LAN WAN
Frame Relay PVC. .

)(MCSE

Frame Relay (Statistical Packet Multiplexing (SPM

(Committed Information Rate (CIR

.
Frame Relay :
- .
- .
- .
Frame Relay :
- .
- DLCI.

)(MCSE

- Frame Relay PVC

.
- Frame .
- Switch DLCI
. .

. .

In-Band Congestion Signaling
.

)(MCSE

.
.
Frame Relay :
- .
- .
- .
Frame Relay (Local Management Interface (LMI
:
- .
- .
.
Frame Relay :
- .
- .
Frame Relay
:
Customer Termination Equipment (CTE). -
PVC - .

)(MCSE
- Frame Relay Service Point.
CTE .Frame Relay .

CTE :
- Router.
- Bridge.
- Frame Relay Access Device.
Frame Relay User Network
Interface (UNI).
CTE
Frame Relay Access Port .Frame Relay Switch .

)(MCSE

Relay Frame . .

Frame Relay .Frame Relay .

)(MCSE
:
- ISDN .
- .
- .
- .
:

Frame Relay
.

)(MCSE
- - -
September 2001
: ATM
:
- ATM.
- .
- ATM.
- ATM.

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

.
CCITT/ITU Broadband ISDN (B-
(ISDN .
ATM
.
ATM Cells
Uniform-Sized :
- Header .
- Payload .

:
- Buffers .

)(MCSE
- .
- .
- .

Frame Relay Virtual Path

.
ATM :
- Virtual Channels.
- Virtual Paths.

.
ATM Frame Relay .
ATM ATM
ATM.
ATM:
Routers - Switches ATM ATM
ATM
ATM ATM
.ATM .

)(MCSE

ATM Adapter Cards - ATM.

- ATM (LAN Emulation (LANE
ATM LAN
ATM.
Packet Switching ATM
ATM ATM
ATM.
ATM :
- .
- :
- Frame Relay
.
- .
- .

)(MCSE
:
- ATM .
- .
- ATM .
:

ATM
.
: : SONET SDH SMDS

)(MCSE
- - -
September 2001
: SONET SDH SMDS
:
- SONET.
- SDH.
- SMDS .

(Synchronous Optical Network (SONET

(Research (Bellcore Bell Communications .
SONET .
SONET :
Path. -
Line. -
Section. -
Photonic. -
SONET .
.
SONET .
.
SONET Synchronous Transport Signal (STS).

)(MCSE

SONET STS-1.
STS STS-1
.
.

Frame.
STS
Section Line.
) ( (Payload Envelope (SPE Synchronous
.
SPE .
STS-1
STS-3 STS-1 STS-12
.
.
STS-1
VT-1.5 VT-2 VT-3.

)(MCSE

SONET T1
(Hierarchy (SDH Synchronous Digital E1.
SDH
.
SDH (Synchronous Transport Module -1 (STM-1
STM-1 STM-3 .
SONET SDH.
(Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS
Connectionless .

.
ATM
ATM IEEE 802.6 MAN
.
SMDS
.
SMDS :
- Customer Premises Equipment (CPE).
- Dedicated Access Line.
- SMDS Public SMDS Network.
:

)(MCSE
Data Exchange Interface (DXI) Protocol - .
(SMDS Interface Protocol (SIP - SMDS.

DQDB Access Protocol - Switch

SMDS :
Single CPE Access - CPE .SMDS Switch
.

Multiple CPE Access - CPE Switch SMDS

. .

)(MCSE

:
SONET
STS-1 SDH
STM-1.
SMDS .

)(MCSE

- OSI
:
- OSI.
- OSI.
- SAP.

:
- .
- .

.

:
OSI Model. -
- Project 802 OSI Model.
OSI Model Open Systems Interconnection International
(Standards Organization (ISO
OSI.
OSI :
application. -

)(MCSE
presentation. -
session. -
transport. -
network. -
data-link. -
physical. -
. .

Network Transport Data-Link Physical.

.
.
.
.

)(MCSE
. .

.
:

Physical
Encapsulation
OSI Physical De-Encapsulation
.
OSI Interface . .

)(MCSE

OSI :
- Application :
- .
- .
- .
OSI
.
(Application Service Elements (ASEs :
Association Control Service Element (ACSE). -
File Transfer, Acess and Management (FTAM). -
Message Handling System (MHS). -

)(MCSE

- Presentation

PCX PNG JPG
.
- Session

:
Network File System (NFS). -
Structured Query Language (SQL). -
X Windows. -

.
- Transport User-Oriented
Network-Oriented.
Segments
.
- Network .

A.D1.23.AS .
Routers .

)(MCSE

- Data-Link
Frames Header Trailer
.
- Physical
.
.
.
Protocol Data Unit (PDU).

Primitives.
(Service Access Point (SAP

Network NSAP.
:
Confirmed. -
Unconfirmed. -
Confirmed Primitives:
- Request.
- Indication.
- Response.

)(MCSE
- Confirm.
Unconfirmed :
- Request.
- Indication.
:
.
OSI :

data-link7- physical. application2- presentation3- session,4- transport5- network6- -

Interface.

)(MCSE
- Project 802
- : Project 802 OSI.
- Data-Link.
- LLC.
- MAC.
- MAP TOP FDDI .

.
IEEE Project 802 OSI.
.
Project 802 :
- .
- WAN.
- .

.
Project 802 :
- MAC Data-Link OSI .
- LLC Data-Link OSI.

)(MCSE
- CSMA/CD .
- Token Bus LAN.
- Token Ring LAN.
- MAN.
- Broadband.
- .
- Integrated Voice/Data.
- .
- .

- BaseVG- AnyLAN Priority Access LAN. Demand

Data-Link :
Logical Link Control (LLC). -
Media Access Control (MAC). -
LLC MAC OSI
:
- LAN.
- .
- .
- .

)(MCSE
LLC .
LLC :

Connectionless -
.
Connection-Oriented -

.
Acknowledged Connectionless - .
MAC :
- .
- .
- LLC .
- MAC Address
ROM BIA).) Burned-In-Address
- .
MAC (Error-Detecting Frame-Check Sequence (FCS

OSI .
MAC Connection-
Oriented:
- Request .

)(MCSE
- Indication.

- Response
.
- Comfirmation.
Connectionless .
Project 802 OSI :
(Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP - General Motors
Token Bus.
(Technical and Office Protocols (TOP - Corporation Boeing
MAP Token Ring.
(Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI - American National
(Standards Institute (ANSI
STP UTP Copper Distributed Data Interface
(CDDI).
FDDI Physical :
Physical Layer Protocol (PHY). -

Physical Medium Dependent (PMD). -

PHY :
Encoding. -
Decoding. -
Data Framing. -

)(MCSE
PMD :
- Power Levels.
- .
- .
- .
:
Project 802 Data-Link LLC MAC .
Project 802 .
OSI Project 802 :
MAP TOP FDDI.

- Drivers Network
:
- .
- NDIS ODI.
- NDIS.
Device Driver .

.

)(MCSE
.
:

.

.
Network Redirector
(Input/Output (I/O .
.
MAC Data-Link OSI.


Network Driver Interface.
:
Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) . -
Open Data-Link Interface (ODI). -
NDIS Novell NetWare ODI.

.

)(MCSE

NDIS ODI .
NDIS :
- .
- .
- .
NDIS :
- .
- .
- Input/Output Interrupts.
- .
- .
:
.
NDIS ODI.
NDIS .

)(MCSE
-
September 2001

:
- .
- .
- .
- ACL.
- .

:
-.
-.
- .
-.
.
.
:
- .
- .
- .

)(MCSE

- National Security Agency (NSA).

-
ROM Boot Chip RAM .
- .
- Permissions
.
- Rights .
:
- .
- .
.
. .

)(MCSE

.
(Security Accounts Manager (SAM
Workstation
Domain SAM
Access
Token :
- (Security Identifier (SID .
- Group SIDs .
- Privileges .

)(MCSE

Access Token
Remote Logon.

.
:
- .
- .
- .
- No Access.
.
(Access Control List (ACL ACL Access
Control Entry (ACE).
ACE SID
ACE ACL
ACE SID .
ACE :
- AccessAllowed.
- AccessDenied No Access.
SID SIDs ACE ACL.

)(MCSE

NT ACE AccessDenied ACEs AccessAllowed ACEs SID

AccessDenied ACEs AccessAllowed ACEs
SID .
:
:
.
:
- .
- .

)(MCSE
- --
:
:
- .
- .
- .

.
:
- .
- .
- .
:
- ) ( .
- .
- .
.
.
:
- .

)(MCSE
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
.
:
- .
- .

-
.
- .
-

.

.
ISO :
- .
- .

)(MCSE
- .
- .
- .

.

:
- Event Logs
.
- Usage Statistics .
- Performance Statistics .
.
.

:
- .
- .
- .
. .

)(MCSE

:
- .
- .
- .
:
IBM's Netview sit. -
SunNet Manager. -
Spectrum Enterprise Manager. -
CiscoWorks. -

)(MCSE

Simple
) Network Management Protocol (SNMP
.

.
.

.
.
.
:
-
.
- .
- .
- .
- .


:
- .

)(MCSE
- .
- .
- .

.
.
....
.

:
- .
- Hubs.
- .
-.
- .
-.
- .

.
:

)(MCSE
:
.

.
:

.

)(MCSE
- ... --
September 2001
:
:
- .
- .
- IP.

.

. .

:
- .
- .

)(MCSE
- .

.
.
Terminator :
- .

- Terminator .

.
- .

)(MCSE

.
(Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR Protocol Analyzer
.
:
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
.
:
- ) ,AUI, BNC (RJ-45

)(MCSE
-
-
-
.

.
:
- :
- Input/Output (I/O).
- Interrupt.
-.
- .
.
OSI Model:
- Physical.
- Network.
- Application.
:
NWLink. -

)(MCSE
TCP/IP. -
IPX/SPX DECnet AppleTalk .

NWLink ) Service Advertising Protocol

( ((SAP .

.
Analyzer. Protocol
) (
.
TCP/IP Routed Network :
- IP Address.
Subnet Mask. -
- .Default Gateway .

TCP/IP IP.
IP
. .

)(MCSE
IP :

The Network ID : IP
.
The Host ID : .
IP .
IP
) .(NT .

NT Event Viewer IP
. .

IP :

)(MCSE

TCP/IP Proporeties :

)(MCSE

IP OK.

)(MCSE
Subnets.
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
Subnets Network ID.

Subnet Masking Addresses IP Subnets.

Subnet Mask IP Address . .

.
.
:
.
: .
: .
.

)(MCSE