H THNG HI

Mc tiu

Xc nh c cc dng tn tht nhit v gii php TKNL trong l hi Xc nh cc vn v gii php trong h thng phn phi hi Xc nh cc vn v gii php TKNL trong s dng hi Nhn din cc c hi tn dng nhit thi

Ni dung

Tng quan v l hi cng nghip TKNL l hi H thng phn phi hi Tn dng nhit thi

S H THNG HI TRONG CNG NGHIP

TNG QUAN V L HI

Phn loi l hi

Theo nhin liu s dng Theo b tr lp t Theo kt cu (mc ch s dng hiu qu) Cc phn loi khc (cng sut, thng s hi,)

Cc loi l hi theo kt cu

L hi ng l-ng la L hi ng nc ng L hi ng nc cong, c bao hi

L hi ng l-ng la

L hi ng nc ng

L hi ng nc c bao hi

T DU / KH
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T THAN

La chn l hi
L hi ng la

Cng sut nh v va Ch vn hnh 3 ca HT s dng hi: thit b ln t du DO, kh Cng sut nh L hi ng nc Khng vn hnh 3 ca ng HT s dng hi: nhiu thit b
nh, cn hi nhanh L hi ng nc cong, c bao hi t mi loi nhin lin liu Rt ph hp cho nh/ liu rn

t du, kh t than, ci

Cng sut trung bnh v ln Ch vn hnh 3 ca HT s dng hi: thit b ln

cn p sut cao, hi qu nhit

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Thng s k thut ca l hi
p : .. t : nu sn xut hi qu nhit
: SLH ln nht m LH c th lm vic lu di thng s (p, t) thit k Dquy c : SLH sinh ra ti 100 oC nu nhit nc cp cng l 100 oC Dkt :SLH ng vi khi LH t hiu sut cao nht. Thng Dkt = (0,8 0,9).Dm
Dm
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D : ..[kg/h; t/h;]

Nhiet o nc soi va boc hi goi la nhiet o bao hoa, ts. mot ap suat nhat nh th nc soi mot nhiet o ts tng ng. Khi hi nc cap nhiet cho cong nghe p = const., th nhiet o ngng tu cung khong oi ts => che o nhiet on nh. NHIET AN (r, kJ/kg) : lng nhiet can cap cho 1kg nc soi chuyen thanh hi bao hoa kho; va cung chnh la nhiet do 1kg hi o nha ra khi ngng tu hoan toan
Ap suat (d), bar Nhiet o, oC Entanpi, kJ/kg Nhiet an, kJ/kg 0 1 2 3 143,6 2738 2133 4 152 2749 2108 6 165 2764 2066 8 10

c im ca hi nc bo ho

100 120,4 133,7 2675 2707 2725 2257 2201 2163

175,4 184,1 2774 2781 2030 2000

TKNL L HI

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Qu trnh chuyn ha nng lng trong l hi

Qu trnh chy
Trong khng gian bung t

Qu trnh trao i nhit

Qua vch ng

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Hiu sut l hi
Cn bng nhit l hi Qv = Qc ch + Cc tn tht Qv = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q6 Hiu sut nhit t = Q1 / Qv = q1 = 100 (q2 + q3 + q4 + q5 + q6), % Trong

Q1 = D(ih inc)
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Qv = BQth

Cc lai tn tht trong l hi q2 q3 q4 q5

- Tn tht nhit do - Tn tht nhit do - Tn tht nhit do . - Tn tht do . - Tn tht nhit do

q6

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Tn tht nhit do khi thi q2

Lng khi thi tng

..

Nhit khi thi (tth) cao

Lng nhin liu t b mt truyn nhit
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Tn tht do chy khng hon ton v ha hc, q3

. Nhit bung la .. Ha trn .. liu khng u

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Tn tht do chy khng hon ton v c hc, q4

Do c than khng u. Ht nh: b lt; cc ln: chy khng ti li than Khe h ghi l ln hn c than ang dng Ghi b cong vnh Thi x c ln than ra khi B Kiu ghi xch khng tng thch vi than VN

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nh gi ch t nhin liu

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H s khng kh tha

H s khng kh tha

= Vkk / Vokk
Cng thc xc nh vn hnh vn hnh = 21/(21 O2) vn hnh CO2max /CO2
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Lng khng kh chy ti u

Nhin liu
Du, kh Than Ci, tru

ti u
1,05 1,15 1,3 1,5 1,5 1,6

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My phn tch khi

% O2 ppm CO (tnh theo phn triu) % CO2 % hiu sut chy Nhit khi thi H s khng kh tha
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t du
Cht lng du vo bung t Sy du FO n nhit cn thit tn sng; Tn sng du tht mn du d ho hi; Ho trn du vi khng kh tht ng u.

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t than

Sy nhin liu Thot cht bc v to cc Chy cht bc v chy cc To tro x (chy kit).

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S h thng nc l hi
Ngun nc Nc ngng Hi s dng

H thng x l nc Nc b sung

Bn cha

Bm Nc cp

Ni hi

X y
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Cc ch tiu cht lng nc

pH cng, H Nng tng cht rn ha tan (TDS)

Ch tiu khuyn co
Nc cp pH H TDS 7,5 8,5 2,5 (mg CaCO3/l) 28

Nc l 9 12 3000 (mg/l)

S nguy hi ca cu cn

..h s truyn nhit . nhit khi thi .. nhin liu cng sut l hi . nhit vch ng
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B dy lp Lng gim cu cn cng sut cu D (%) (mm)

0.2 1 1 1.5 1,5 4

1.5 2 4 8 10 16

Thit b x l nc l hi thng dng

Lm mm nc bng trao i Cation

Bm nh lng ha cht

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X l

Khng cho cu cn bm cng. Kp thi x cu th cp v bn lng di y l. Gim nng TDS

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Lng nc x l hp l

Gx = D*(TDSc) / (TDSL TDSc)

Gx D : Lng nc x, kg/h : Sn lng hi, kg/h

TDSc : Hm lng TDS trong nc cp TDSL : Hm lng TDS trong nc l

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Tn sut x l hp l

Tn sut hp l:
Theo loi l hi Ph ti l hi Cht lng nc cp

Phng php x l:
T ng Bn t ng (dng b nh thi gian X ton b vo cui tun

S ln x l ti thiu: theo Quy phm l hi

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H THNG PHN PHI HI

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Cc vn trong h thng phn phi hi

Vic chn p sut vn hnh v st p trn ng ng X nc ngng ng X kh trn ng ng Gim tn tht nhit v mt mt mi cht

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p sut vn hnh

p sut hi u ngun = p sut lm vic + st p trn ng ng (Khi cp hi trc tip, khng c van gim p) Nu p sut hi qa ln hn mc cn thit:
Tn nhit tng p trong ni hi Tng tn tht nhit trn ng ng Tng s r r hi

Nu p sut qu nh:
Nhiu m cun theo hi Vn tc tng => st p ln
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Tc hi ca nc ngng ng
Lm (sc thy lc) ..mng nc ngng v gim s truyn nhit. .. lng hi

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Nguyn tc x nc ngng ng
B tr ng cc v tr x C bu gom nc ngng thch hp S dng loi by hi ph hp Chn la ng c by hi

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B tr im x nc ngng

Khong cch ca nhng im x: 45 60 m Ch thp/ chuyn tip cao Trc cc van gim p / van iu khin

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Cc loi by hi (cc ngng)

By c hc (kiu phao, ly p) By nhit ng By nhit tnh

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Cc loi by hi (steam trap, cc ngng) thng dng

By c hc (kiu phao, ly p): sau thit b dng hi By nhit ng (ng tin): trn ng ng hi, bnh gp hi

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X kh trong ng ng

Tc hi ca kh Gim p sut ca hi nc so vi mc ch th trn ng h Gim kh nng truyn nhit n mn kim loi

Phng php x kh Lp van x kh t ng cui ng hi chnh X trong bnh gp / phn phi hi X ngay trc ng nhnh, hoc trc thit b dng hi
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Cch nhit ng ng

Lai ng

Tn tht (W/m) (t : 150oC) ng trn C bo n (50mm)

100 mm 150 mm 200 mm

770 1250 1440

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115 170 195

Lu v cc v tr cch nhit v cht lng bo n

V tr cn lu : cc van & ph kin ng ng, nhng v tr cong kh bc Gi cho vt liu cch nhit kh, khng b m t

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R r trn ng ng

V tr thng gp: L thng trn ng Mt bch lng By hi khng hat ng bnh thng
L thng 6 mm p sut hi: 10 bar S gi vn hnh: 2500h/nm Lng r r: 120kg/h nm)
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(900 tn/

TKNL cc h tiu th hi
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NHNG CHU Y THIET B S DUNG HI

Bao am be mat ong truyen nhiet khong b bam ban e truyen nhiet tot Xa khong kh co lan trong hi nc Tach am co trong hi e hi vao thiet b la hi kho Khong e ong trao oi nhiet b ngap long: dung coc ngng phu hp Cach nhiet ky lng, khong e lp cach nhiet b am hay h hong Kiem soat t ong che o nhiet se giam tieu hao hi Thu hoi toan bo nc ngng sach Neu nc ngng b nhiem ban th tm cach thu hoi nhiet nc xa ieu phoi che o van hanh cua cac thiet b trong he thong e phu tai hi ong eu Neu thiet b qua cu, tieu hao nhiet ln th phai tnh en giai phap thay thiet b mi, tham ch thay oi sang cong nghe hien ai
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TN DNG NHIT THI

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nh gi kh nng thu hi nhit thi

Cht Th
(Nhit cao) (u/ thng xuyn)

Nhu cu

Lng
( lng nhit)

Thu hi?

kinh t

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nh hng ca phn thu hi nhit

- Tng tr lc ca h thng - Bm bn thit b thu hi - C th lm gin on hot ng ca dy chuyn cng ngh - Tit kim nhit lng - Tn dng phn cht (nc ngng)
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Tn dng nhit thi sn xut in

Nhiet thai t cong nghe co nhiet the cao (bec ot, lo nung, ). Ap dung: N/m xi mang, luyen thep, thuy tinh, hoa chat.
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Tn dng nhit khi thi

to

oC = 200 300 khi thi

Kh nng tn dng nhit khi thi v gim to khi n nhit ng sng ca khi (tos ) Hm nc cp (b Economizer ECO) ng Sy khng kh dng Sy du FO
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Hm nc trc tip. t ECO sau l

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Hm nc gin tip

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Thu hi nc ngng

Nc ngng: .

Tn dng . Gim lng Gim lng

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Gim nhin liu t

Gim chi ph vn hnh

Thu hi hi gin n

S DNG: - Cp nhit cho TB TN - Hm nc cp ni hi

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Kt lun

TKNL HT hi

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Cc loi l hi theo kt cu

L hi ng l-ng la L hi ng nc ng L hi ng nc cong, c bao hi

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