BI TP CHNG HALOGEN

DNG 1: VIT PHNG TRNH HO HC

Cu 1: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra (nu c) khi ln lt cho cc cht sau tc dng vi Clo, Br2, I2: a) K, Na, Rb, Mg, Ba, Al, Fe, Ca, Zn, Cu, H2, H2O. c) KOH ( t0 thng), KOH ( 1000C), NaOH, Ca(OH)2, KBr, NaBr, NaI, KI. Cu 2: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra (nu c) khi ln lt cho cc cht sau tc dng vi HCl, HBr: a) K, Na, Mg, Ba, Al, Fe, Ca, Zn, Cu, H2. b) K2O, Na2O, MgO, BaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, ZnO, FeO, CuO, Fe3O4. c) K2CO3, Na2CO3, MgCO3, BaCO3, CaCO3, AgNO3. d) KOH, NaOH, Mg(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Cu(OH)2. e) MnO2, KClO3, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7. Cu 3: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra cho cc s sau: a) HCl Cl2 FeCl3 NaCl HCl CuCl2 AgCl b) KMnO4 Cl2 HCl FeCl3 AgCl Cl2 Br2 I2 ZnI2 Zn(OH)2 c) MnO2 Cl2 KClO3 KCl HCl Cl2 Clorua vi d) Cl2 KClO3 KCl Cl2 Ca(ClO)2 CaCl2 Cl2 O2 e) KMnO4 Cl2 KClO3 KCl Cl2 HCl FeCl2 FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 f) CaCl2 NaCl HCl Cl2 CaOCl2 CaCO3 CaCl2 NaCl NaClO g) KI I2 HI HCl KCl Cl2 HClO O2 Cl2 Br2 I2 h) KMnO4 Cl2 HCl FeCl2 AgCl Ag i) HCl Cl2 FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2(SO4)3 j) HCl Cl2 NaCl HCl CuCl2 AgCl Ag k) I2 KI KBr Br2 NaBr NaCl Cl2 HI AgI HBr AgBr l) H2 F2 CaF2 HF SiF4 Cu 4: Hy biu din s bin i cc cht sau bng phng trnh ho hc: NaCl + H2SO4 Kh (A) + (B) (A) + MnO2 Kh (C) + rn (D) + (E) (C) + NaBr (F) + (G) (F) + NaI (H) + (I) (G) + AgNO3 (J) + (K) (A) + NaOH (G) + (E) Cu 5: Xc nh A, B, C, D v hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau: MnO2 + (A) MnCl2 + (B) + (C) (B) + H2 (A) (A) + (D) FeCl2 + H2 (B) + (D) FeCl3 (B) + (C) (A) + HClO Cu 6: a) Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng chng minh axit clohiric c y tnh cht ha hc ca mt axit. b) Vit 1 phng trnh phn ng chng t axit HClO c tnh oxi ha, 1 phng trnh phn ng chng t HCl c tnh kh. c) Hy cho bit s bin i trong dy HClO HClO2 HClO3 HClO4 v tnh axit v tnh oxi ha. Cu 7: a) So snh tnh cht ha hc ca flo, brom v iot vi clo. Vit phng trnh ho hc minh ha. b) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng chng t quy lut: hot ng ha hc ca cc halogen gim dn theo chiu tng in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca chng. Gii thch?

DNG 2: NHN BIT - GII THCH HIN TNG IU CH

Cu 1: Nhn bit cc dung dch mt nhn sau bng phng php ho hc: a) KOH, K2SO4 , KCl, K2SO4 , KNO3 e) NaCl, HCl, KOH, NaNO3, HNO3, Ba(OH)2 b) HCl, NaOH, Ba(OH)2 , Na2SO4 f) NaCl, NaBr, NaI, HCl, H2SO4, NaOH c) HCl, HNO3 , H2SO4 , HBr g) NaOH, NaCl, CuSO4, AgNO3 d) KCl, K2SO4 , KNO3 , KI h) BaCl2 , K2SO4 , Al(NO3)3 , Na2CO3 Cu 2: Dng phn ng ho hc nhn bit cc dung dch sau: a) CaCl2, NaNO3, HCl, HNO3, NaOH d) NH4Cl, FeCl3, MgCl2, AlCl3 b) KCl, KNO3, K2SO4, K2CO3 e) Cht bt: KNO3, NaCl, BaSO4, ZnCO3 c) Ch dng qu tm: Na2SO4, NaOH, HCl, Ba(OH)2 Cu 3: Nhn bit cc cht sau ch vi mt thuc th: a) HCl, KBr, AgNO3, NaNO3 c) MgCl2, NaCl, HCl, NaOH b) Na2CO3, NaCl, CaCl2, AgNO3 d) KBr, ZnI2, HCl, Mg(NO3)2 Cu 4: Khng dng thm thuc th: a) KOH, CuCl2, HCl, ZnBr2 c) NaOH, HCl, Cu(NO3)2, AlCl3 b) KOH, KCl, CuSO4, AgNO3 d) HgCl2, KI, AgNO3, Na2CO3 Cu 5: Gii thch cc hin tng sau, vit phng trnh phn ng: a) Cho lung kh clo qua dung dch kali bromua mt thi gian di. b) Thm dn dn nc clo vo dung dch kali iotua c cha sn mt t tinh bt. c) a ra nh sng ng nghim ng bc clorua c nh thm t git dung dch qu tm. d) Sc kh lu hunh ioxit vo dung dch nc brom. e) Ti sao c th iu ch nc clo nhng khng th iu ch nc flo? Cu 6: a) T MnO2, HCl c, Fe hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch Cl2, FeCl2 v FeCl3. b) T mui n, nc v cc thit b cn thit, hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch Cl2 , HCl v nc Javel .

DNG 3: TNH TON THEO PHNG TRNH HO HC

Cu 1: a) Tnh th tch kh clo thu c ktc khi cho 7,3 g HCl tc dng vi: MnO2, KMnO4. b) Cho 8,7 g mangan dioxit vo dung dch axit clohidric d. Tnh th tch kh bay ra (ktc). Dn kh ny vo bt nhm nung nng. Tnh khi lng sn phm. c) Cho 5,4 g nhm tc dng vi dung dch HCl th th tch kh hiro sinh ra ktc l bao nhiu? d) Cn bao nhiu gam KMnO4 v bao nhiu ml dd HCl 1M iu ch kh Clo tc dng vi Fe, to nn 16,25g FeCl3? e) Tnh khi lng Cu v th tch kh Clo (ktc) tham gia phn ng nu c 27g CuCl2 to thnh. f) Tnh khi lng kali pemanganat v nng % ca dung dch HCl (D = 1,123 g/ml) cn dng iu ch 5,6 lt kh clo (ktc). Bit hiu sut phn ng l 80% v th tch dung dch axit dng ht l 130ml. g) Tnh khi lng CaF2 cn dng iu ch 2,5 kg dung dch axit flohidric nng 40%. Bit hiu sut ca phn ng l 80%. h) Tnh khi lng Na v th tch khi Clo ktc cn dng iu ch 4,68gam NaCl .Bit hiu sut phn ng l 80%. i) Cho axit H2SO4 c tc dng ht vi 58,5 g NaCl, un nng. Ha tan kh to thnh vo 146 g nc. Tnh C% dung dch thu c. Cu 2: Ho tan hon ton 8 gam Fe2O3 bng dd HCl 0,5M (ktc). a) Tnh khi lng mui thu c? b) Tnh th tch dd axit dng? c) Tnh nng mol/l ca cht trong dd sau phn ng (coi th tch dd thay i khng ng k). Cu 3: Khi in phn dung dch mui n bo ho sn xut xt, ngi ta thu c 560 lt kh clo ktc. Tnh khi lng mui n cha 98% NaCl dng in phn. Cu 4: Cho 2,24 g st tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. Kh sinh ra cho qua ng ng 4,2g CuO c un nng. Xc nh khi lng ca cht rn trong ng sau phn ng.

Cu 5: Ho tan hon ton 53,36 gam Fe3O4 bng dung dch HCl 0,5M. a) Tnh khi lng mui thu c? b) Tnh th tch dd axit dng? c) Tnh nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng (coi th tch dd thay i khng ng k). Cu 6: Cho 10,44 g MnO2 tc dng axit HCl . Kh sinh ra (ktc) cho tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH 2M. a) Tnh th tch kh sinh ra (ktc). b) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH phn ng v nng (mol/l) cc cht trong dung dch thu c.

DNG 4: TNH THEO PTHH (C D) HIU SUT

Cu 1: Cho 0,6 lt kh Clo phn ng vi 0,4 lt kh hidro. a) Tnh V kh HCl thu c (cc th tch o cng iu kin to, p sut). b) Tnh thnh phn % v th tch ca cc kh c trong hh sau phn ng. Cu 2: Cho 69,6 g MnO2 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c, d. Dn kh thot ra i vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 4M ( nhit thng). a) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra. b) Xc nh nng mol ca nhng cht c trong dung dch sau phn ng (th tch dd thay i khng ng k). Cu 3: Cho 17,4 g MnO2 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d. Ton b kh clo sinh ra c hp th ht vo 145,8 g dung dch NaOH 20% ( nhit cao) to ra dung dch A. Dung dch A cha nhng cht tan no? Tnh nng % ca tng cht tan . Cu 4: Cho 300ml mt dung dch c ha tan 5,85 g NaCl tc dng vi 200ml dd c ha tan 34 g AgNO3. Tm khi lng kt ta thu c. Cu 5: dung dch cha 1 g HBr vo dung dch cha 1 g NaOH. Nhng giy qu tm vo dung dch thu c th giy qu tm chuyn sang mu no? V sao?

DNG 5: XC NH TN KIM LOI, PHI KIM

Cu 1: a) Khi cho 3,33 g mt kim loi kim tc dng vi dung dch HCl th c 0,48 g kh hidro thot ra. Cho bit tn kim loi kim . b) ha tan 4,8 g kim loi R ha tr II phi dng 200 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Tm R. c) Cho 0,9 g mt kim loi nhm IIA tc dng vi dung dch HCl to ra 2,24 lt kh hiro ( ktc). Xc nh tn kim loi. d) Cho 7,1 g mt halogen X tc dng vi kali kim loi thu c 14,9 g mui KX. Xc nh X? e) Cho 10,65 g mt halogen X tc dng vi natri kim loi thu c 17,55 g mui NaX. Xc nh tn ca X? f) Cho 1,03g mui natri halogenua A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c mt kt ta, kt ta ny sau khi phn hu hon ton cho 1,08g bc. Xc nh tn ca mui A. g) Cht A l mui canxi halogenua. Cho dung dch cha 0,2 g A tc dng vi lng d dung dch bc nitrat th thu c 0,376 g kt ta bc halogenua. Xc nh cng thc cht A. Cu 2: X l nguyn t thuc nhm halogen. Oxit cao nht cha 38,79% X v khi lng. Tm tn X. Cu 3: Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c dng R2O7. Hp cht kh ca n vi Hidro cha 2,74% hidro v khi lng. a) Tm tn R. b) Nu cho 0,25 mol n cht ca R tc dng vi hidro (va ) thu c hp cht kh. Ha tan kh ny vo nc thu c 200 g dung dch axit. Tnh C% ca dung dch axit ny. Cu 4: in phn nng chy mt mui 11,7 g halogenua NaX ngi ta thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc). a) Xc nh nguyn t X ? b) Tnh th tch kh HX thu c khi ngi ta cho X tc dng vi 4,48 lt H2 ktc ? c) Tnh t l % cc kh sau phn ng ? Cu 5: Cho mt lng n cht halogen tc dng ht vi magie thu c 19 g magie halogenua. Cng lng n cht halogen tc dng ht vi nhm to ra 17,8 g nhm halogenua. Xc nh tn halogen trn. Cu 6: Cho 4,8 g mt kim loi R thuc nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 (ktc).

a) Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng xy ra v tnh s mol hiro thu c. b) Xc nh tn kim loi R. c) Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c Cu 7: ho tan hon ton 8,1 g mt kim loi thuc nhm IIIA cn dng 450 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung dch A v V lt kh H2 (ktc). a) Xc nh nguyn t khi ca kim loi trn, cho bit tn ca kim loi . b) Tnh gi tr V. c) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch A, xem nh th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k. Cu 8: Khi cho m (g) kim loi canxi tc dng hon ton vi 17,92 lt kh X2 (ktc) th thu c 88,8 g mui halogenua. a) Vit PTP dng tng qut. b) Xc nh cng thc cht kh X2 dng. c) Tnh gi tr m. Cu 9: Cho 10,8 g kim loi ho tr III tc dng vi clo to thnh 53,4 g mui. a) Xc nh tn kim loi. b) Tnh lng mangan dioxit v th tch dung dch axit clohidric 37% (d = 1,19 g/ml) cn dng iu ch lng clo trong phn ng trn, bit hiu sut ca phn ng iu ch clo l 80%. Cu 10: Cho 8 g oxit kim loi R nhm IIA tc dng hon ton vi 800 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Xc nh tn kim loi R v tnh khi lng mui to thnh. Cu 11: Ha tan 16 g oxit ca kim loi R ha tr III cn dng 109,5 g dung dch HCl 20%. Xc nh tn R. Cu 12: Ha tan 15,3 g oxit ca kim loi M ha tr II vo mt lng dung dch HCl 18,25% thu c 20,8 g mui. Xc nh tn M v khi lng dung dch HCl dng. Cu 13: Cho 2,12 g mui cacbonat mt kim loi ha tr I tc dng vi dd HCl d to ra 448ml kh ( ktc). Tm CT ca mui. Cu 14: Ha tan 27,6 g mui R2CO3 vo mt lng dung dch HCl 2M thu c 29,8 g mui. Xc nh tn R v th tch dung dch HCl dng. Cu 15: Ha tan hon ton 1,7 g hn hp X gm Zn v kim loi (A) phn nhm chnh nhm 2 vo dung dch axit HCl thu c 0,672 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc nu ha tan ht 1,9 g (A) th dng khng ht 200ml dd HCl 0,5M. Tm tn A.

DNG 6: BI TON HN HP
Cu 1: a) Cho 20 g hn hp bt Mg v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thy c 1 g kh thot ra. Tnh % theo khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp bt v khi lng mui clorua to thnh trong dung dch. b) Ho tan 1,5 g hn hp Al v Mg vo dung dch HCl d, thu c 1,68 lt kh bay ra (ktc). Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. c) Cho 20 g Zn v Cu vo dung dch HCl 2M (va ), thu c 0,4 g kh. Tnh % khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp, th tch dung dch HCl dng. d) Cho 20,6 g hn hp Na2CO3 v CaCO3 tc dng va vi 200cm3 dung dch HCl 2M. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi mui trong hn hp ban u. Cu 2: Ha tan 34 g hn hp gm MgO v Zn vo dung dch HCl d thu c 73,4 g hn hp mui. Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong G. Cu 3: Ha tan hon ton 14,2 g hn hp Fe, CuO vo 100ml dd HCl th thu c 1,68 lt kh A (ktc) v dd B. a) Tnh khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u. b) Tnh CM ca dd HCl. c) Tnh CM ca mi mui trong dd B (xem nh V dd khng thay i) Cu 4: Ho tan 36,8g hn hp CaO v CaCO3 va vo 5 lt dung dch HCl, thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). a) Xc nh thnh phn khi lng ca hn hp u. b) Nng mol ca mui thu c v nng mol ca dung dch HCl dng. Cu 5: Cho 1 lt dung dch HCl 0,5M tc dng va vi 13,6 g hn hp Fe v Fe2O3. Hy tnh: a) Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp u. b) Th tch kh bay ra (ktc), khi lng cc mui clorua thu c.

Cu 6: Ha tan 64 g hn hp X gm CuO v Fe2O3 vo dung dch HCl 20%. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c 124,5 g hn hp mui khan X. a) Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X. b) Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl dng. Cu 7: Cho 24 g hn hp X gm Mg v MgCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 11,2 lt hn hp kh gm H2 v CO2 (ktc). Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X. Cu 8: Ha tan 3,93g hn hp MgCl2 v KCl vo nc thnh dung dch A. kt ta ht ion Cl- c trong dung dch A th cn 140cm3 dung dch AgNO3 0,5M. Tnh khi lng mi mui trong hn hp. Cu 9: C 26, 6 g hn hp gm hai mui KCl v NaCl. Ha tan hn hp vo nc thnh 500 (g) dung dch. Cho dung dch tc dng vi AgNO3 va th to thnh 57,4 g kt ta. Tnh nng % mi mui trong dung dch u. Cu 10: Cho hn hp st v ng tc dng vi kh clo d, thu c 59,4 g mui. Cho cng lng hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 25,4 g mui. Tnh % khi lng mi mui, th tch dung dch HCl 37% (d = 1,19) cn dng. Cu 11: Cho 22,8 g hn hp Fe v FeCO3 tc dng vi 500ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c hn hp kh A (dA/H2 = 8) v dung dch B. Tnh % theo th tch ca hn hp A, lng mi cht trong hn hp u, nng mol dung dch B. Cu 12: Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Na2CO3 v Zn vo dung dch HCl va , thu c dung dch A v hn hp kh B c t khi so vi metan l 1. C cn dung dch A c 38,9g mui khan. Tnh m, th tch dung dch HCl 37% (d = 1,19) cn dng. Cu 13: Cho 30g CaCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, ton b kh sinh ra cho li qua 250ml dung dch NaOH 2M to thnh dung dch X. Tnh khi lng cc mui c trong dung dch X. Cu 14: Mt hn hp gm Zn v CaCO3 cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 17,92 lt (ktc). Cho hn hp kh qua dung dch KOH 32% (D = 1,25g/ml) th thu c mt mui trung tnh (duy nht)v th tch kh gim i 8,96 lt. a) Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u. b) Tnh th tch dung dch KOH cn dng. Cu 15: Cho hn hp A gm Cu v Mg vo dung dch HCl d thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc) khng mu v mt cht rn khng tan B. Dng dung dch axit sunfuric c, nng ho tan hon ton cht rn B thu c 2,24 lt kh SO2 (ktc). Tnh khi lng hn hp A ban u. Cu 16: Chia 35 (g) hn hp X cha Fe, Cu, Al thnh 2 phn bng nhau: Phn I: cho tc dng hon ton dung dch HCl d thu 6,72 (l) kh (kc). Phn II: cho tc dng va 10,64 (l) kh clo (kc). Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X. Cu 17: Cho 13,2g hn hp Cu, Al, Fe vo dung dch HCl d, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc) v 2g cht khng tan. a) Tnh khi lng v thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u. b) Nu nung nng hn hp trn ri cho tc dng vi kh clo, tnh th tch kh clo (ktc) cn dng. Cu 18: Cho 23,6g hn hp Cu, Mg, Fe tc dng va vi 91,25g dung dch HCl 20%, thu c dung dch A v 12,8g cht rn khng tan. Tnh % khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u, th tch kh 25oC & 2atm, nng % ca dung dch A. Cu 19: trung ho 10ml dung dch A cha hai axit HCl v HNO3 ta cn 30ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Nu cho dung dch AgNO3 d vo 100ml dung dch A, thu c 14,35g kt ta v dung dch B. a) Tnh nng mol/lt ca tng axit c trong dung dch A. b) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1M cn dng trung ho axit c trong dung dch B. Cu 20: Ha tan 23,8 g hn hp mui gm mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr I v mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr II vo dung dch HCl d th thu c 0,4 g kh. em c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?