, 2007

7
( )

. , .

(, )
7


1. (GEO)

2. (STR)

1.

2.

3.

( Terzaghi-Peck)

: 27 7000 m2

 : 27 7000 m2

8
: 27
7000 m2

( )


( )

: p = 0.50

: p = 0.28

: p = 0.28
( = 27m)

 ( = 27m)

 2 : 24
2 : 24

> 50mm

 2 : 24

2 : 24

30


7
( )

 (Design Approaches)
: DA-1, DA-2, DA-3
Ed Rd :

Rd Ed

DA-1 :

X
X
R F Fk , k E F Fk , k
R
M
M

. 1 : F = 1.35 1.50 ,

M = 1.00

( )

, R = 1.0

. 2 : F = 1.00 1.30 , M = 1.25 1.40 , R = 1.0

DA-2 :

DA-3 :

R (Fk , X k ) E E (Fk , X k )
R = 1.10 1.40

( *)

E = 1.35 1.50

X
X
R F Fk , k E F Fk , k
R
M
M

F = 1.35 1.50 ()

F = 1.0 1.3 (),

( )

M = 1.25 1.40

R = 1.0

DA-1

. 1
. 2

() : F= E

() :

(R) : R

(
i, Mi, Ri)
(1) + (1) + (R1)
(2) + (2) + (R1) , : (2) + (1) + (R4)

DA-2 , 2*

I , II*

(1) + (1) + (R2)

DA-3

[(1)** (2)*** ] + (2) + (R3)

* I
** ( )
*** ( , .. )
:
1. .
, DA-2*, DA-3.
2. 1, 1 & 2

 EC 7-1
1. : EC-7.1 (Annex A)
2. :
3. (Design Approach) DA-1, 2 , 3
3.1 3 (DA-3) :

X
X
R F Fk , k E F Fk , k
M
M

F = 1.35 1.50 ()

F = 1.0 1.3 (),

M = 1.25 1.40

(c, ), , :

(, , , )
(
, )
:
( F=1)
(.. ).

STR & GEO

(R)

DA-1

DA-2

DA-3

 :
( )
DA-3 :

(>1)
(c,
)
(.. q).


(F=1)


( )

tan k

d = arctan

cd =

ck

M = 1.25

qk = 8.5 kPa
qd = 1.5 x 8.5 = 13 kPa

, 1.0

EC-7.1
3.2 2* (DA-2*) :

R (Fk , X k ) E E (Fk , X k )
R = 1.10 1.40

E = 1.35 1.50

.
, :
(GEO) (STR)
, ,

(STR)
(
, , )
(GEO) (STR)
( ) (.
).
(UPL)
(HYD).




STR & GEO

(F )
DA-2

DA-3

DA-2

DA-3

()

STR & GEO

(R)

DA-1

DA-2

DA-3

: (DA-2) :
FS = F R = ( 1.4 ) x 1.4 = 1.96 2

 (ULS)

()

( )

(ULS) :

(GEO) : DA-2
(STR) : DA-2
(STR + GEO) : DA-2
(HYD) : DA-2
(GEO) : DA-3

(ULS)

(HYD)

()

( )
d

( )d < ( )d

G ;dst (i w H ) < G ;stb ( H )

1.35

i < (2 3)

0.90

: FS = 1.35 / 0.9 = 1.50

:

i = / L = 4.40 / (2d +1.40) < 0.67 d > 2.60 m

 (ULS)

1.
(GEO)
(STR) :

: DA-2

Rd Ed
1
R
E

R (Fk , X k ) E E (Fk , X k )

(ULS)

(1) :

Ed Rd E { M ( Pah ,k ) + M ( Pw,k )}+ 1.0 M ( Fh ,k )

(2)

M ( Pph ,k ) d = ...

E {Pah ,k + Pw,k } 1.0 Fh ,k =

Pph ,k Fh ,k = ...

Fh,k =

Pw,k

Fh,k
pah = pah,g + pah,q

Pah,k

pah , g = K ah v 2c K ah
pah,q = Kah q

d
Pph,k

pph = K ph v + 2c K ph

 (ULS)

(1) :

Ed Rd E { M ( Pah ,k ) + M ( Pw,k )}+ 1.0 M ( Fh ,k )

(2)

M ( Pph ,k ) d = ...

E {Pah ,k + Pw,k } 1.0 Fh ,k =

Pph ,k Fh ,k = ...

= 1.35 ( )
= 1.50 ( )

Pw,k

R = 1.4 (DA-2, 2*)

1.0 (DA-1, DA-3)

Fh,k

d = 6.62 m (DA-1, 2)
7.89 m (DA-2, 2*)
6.62 m (DA-3)
8.27 (. FS = 2)

Pah,k
d

Fh,k = 172 kN/m (DA-1, . 2)

228.5 kN/m (DA-2, 2*)
172 kN/m (DA-3)
173.4 kN/m (. FS = 2)

Pph,k

DA-2

Ra ,d Fd

Fd = .

( Fk ) :

Fd = F Fk

= 1.35

Ra,d = .
: Ra,d

= Ra,k / R

DA-2 : R = 1.10

Ra,k = .

( )

 DA-2

Ra,k

Ra ,k = min{ D L f f su ,k , As f y ,k

1. :

D =
Lf =
fsu,k = -
s =
fy,k =
2. : Ra,1 , Ra,2 , Ra,n

(R )

a , m mean

Ra ,k

1
=
n

R
i =1

a, i

(R )

a , m min

(Ra , m )mean (Ra , m )min

,
= min

a1
a2

= min Ra ,1 , Ra , 2 ,.... Ra , n

1 =

1.20

1.15

1.10

2 =

1.20

1.10

1.10

n=