Cu hi u tin t ra l: in t cng sut l g? Vai tr ca n trong ngnh in ni chung v ngnh T ng ho ni ring?

Tr li: in t cng sut l chuyn ngnh nghin cu cc phng php v cc thit b dng bin i v iu khin nng lng in. Khi nim trn rt chung chung, c th ni r hn nh th ny. in nng l ngun nng lng sn sut trc tip c ng dng rng ri nht hin nay. Chng ta c mt ngun in chun l li in xoay chiu 220/380V 50Hz. Vn t ra l, cc thit b sn xut ca chng ta s dng cc loi nng lng in khc nhau, c loi dng in mt chiu, c loi dng in xoay chiu, cc mc in p khc nhau, cc tn s khc nhau, v c bit l iu khin hot ng ca cc thit b , ta cn iu khin ngun nng lng in cp cho n. Nh vy, bin i v iu khin nng lng in l mt nhim v hng u trong t ng ho sn xut. Vic bin i v iu khin nng lng in trong cng nghip trc y ch yu s dng cc relay (r-le), da vo vic ng m cc relay m c c ngun in nng theo mun. Tuy nhin, do yu cu ngy cng cao ca thc tin sn xut, km theo l s tin b ca cng ngh bn dn cho php ch to cc phn t ng ct bn dn (khng tip im) cng sut ln nhm thay th cc mch relay tip im >> ngnh in t cng sut. Nh vy, theo ti, c th ni rng in t cng sut tc l dng cc thit b in t c cng sut ln vi cc thut ton iu khin nhm bin i v iu khin nng lng in. Nhn chung th n l nh th ny:

Cu hi tip theo t ra l: Cc b bin i in t cng sut c kh nng bin i v iu khin nng lng in nh th no? Phn loi cc b bin i in t cng sut ? Cc b bin i in t cng sut c phn loi (t tn) theo cng dng ca chng nh sau: in xoay chiu >> in mt chiu: Cc b Chnh lu (Rectifier) iu khin (dng Thyristor) hoc

khng iu khin (dng Diode) tu theo vic ta c cn iu khin gi tr ca dng in mt chiu u ra hay khng. in mt chiu >> in xoay chiu: Cc b Nghch lu (Inverter). Cc b nghch lu c kh nng bin mt dng in mt chiu thnh mt dng in xoay chiu c gi tr in p v tn s thay i c tu vo lut ng m cc van bn dn. in mt chiu >> in mt chiu: Cc b Bm xung mt chiu (cn c tn l iu p mt chiu, bin i in p mt chiu DC to DC converter, DC chopper). Cc b bin i ny bin dng in mt chiu c gi tr c nh thnh dng in mt chiu c gi tr in p, dng in iu khin c. in xoay chiu >> in xoay chiu: Cc b Bin tn (Frequency Drive) trc tip (Cycloconverter) hoc gin tip (Inverter). Cc b bin tn c kh nng bin ngun in xoay chiu c gi tr dng in, in p v tn s c nh ca li in thnh dng in xoay chiu c gi tr dng, p v tn s iu khin c theo mun. ch l s phn loi mang tnh cht c bn v rt chung chung, khi i su vo tng kha cnh ta s thy s phong ph ca cc loi thit b bin i in t cng sut. Thit k mt mch cn nhiu bc lm. 1/. 2/. 3/. 4/. 5/. 6/. 7/. tm hiu yu cu ca bi ton. Tm phng n gii quyt bi ton . Nu c nhiu phng n th la chn phng n ti u. Chn dng linh kin thc hin phng n. Thit k s khi. Thit k s chi tit. Thit k bn sp xp linh kin. Thit k mch in.

Sau phn thit k trn, cn phi rp mch th nghim, kim tra li thit k. Mc d trong giai on thit k c th dng cc phn mm m phng chy th, nhng vn cn rp mch thc. V cc phn mm m phng khng th gi nh ht tt c cc tnh hung c.

in tn l g? Bin tn l thit b bin i dng in xoay chiu tn s ny thnh dng in xoay chiu tn s khc c th iu chnh c. - Nguyn l hot ng ca bin tn Nguyn l c bn lm vic ca b bin tn cng kh n gin. u tin, ngun in xoay chiu 1 pha hay 3 pha c chnh lu v lc thnh ngun 1 chiu bng phng. Cng on ny c thc hin bi b chnh lu cu diode v t in. Nh vy, h s cng sut cosphi ca h bin tn u c gi tr khng ph thuc vo ti v c gi tr t nht 0.96. in p mt chiu ny c bin i (nghch lu) thnh in p xoay chiu 3 pha i xng. Cng on ny hin nay c thc hin thng qua h IGBT (transistor lng cc c cng cch ly) bng phng php iu ch rng xung (PWM). Nh tin b ca cng ngh vi x l v cng ngh bn dn lc hin nay, tn s chuyn mch xung c th ln ti di tn s siu m nhm

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H thng in p xoay chiu 3 pha u ra c th thay i gi tr bin v tn s v cp tu theo b iu khin. Theo l thuyt, gia tn s v in p c mt quy lut nht nh tu theo ch iu khin. i vi ti c m men khng i, t s in p - tn s l khng i. Tuy vy vi ti bm v qut, quy lut ny li l hm bc 4. in p l hm bc 4 ca tn s. iu ny to ra c tnh m men l hm bc hai ca tc ph hp vi yu cu ca ti bm/qut do bn thn m men cng li l hm bc hai ca in p. Hiu sut chuyn i ngun ca cc b bin tn rt cao v s dng cc b linh kin bn dn cng sut c ch to theo cng ngh hin i. Nh vy, nng lng tiu th xp x bng nng lng yu cu bi h thng. Ngoi ra, bin tn ngy nay tch hp rt nhiu kiu iu khin khc nhau ph hp hu ht cc loi ph ti khc nhau. Ngy nay bin tn c tch hp c b PID v thch hp vi nhiu chun truyn thng khc nhau, rt ph hp cho vic iu khin v gim st trong h thng SCADA.