CNG NGH CHUYN MCH NHN MPLS

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Ni dung
2

Nhc im mng IP truyn thng Khi nim MPLS ng dng ca MPLS

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February 24, ThnhTT CT-IN 2014

NHC IM MNG IP TRUYN THNG

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Xc nh ng i trong mng IP Truyn thng

4

10.1.1.1

10.1.1.1

Routing lookup Routing lookup

Routing lookup

Tt c cc Router u phi thc hin vic tra bng nh tuyn tim ng i n ch. Mi Router u cn y thng tin v cc tuyn ng trong mng (c th ln n 100.000 tuyn)
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IP over ATM
5

10.1.1.1

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.1

10.1.1.1

10.1.1.1

10.1.1.1

10.1.1.1

Layer3 Topology Layer 2 Topology

Topology lp 2 c th khc topology lp 3, kh ti u ha ng dn trong mng. Cc thit b ATM l lp 2, khng hiu v vic truyn dn lp 3, cc VC phi c thit lp hon ton bng tay.
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Traffic Engineering vi mng IP truyn thng

6

Large Site A

Primary OC192 link

Large Site B

Backup OC48 link

Small Site C

Lu lng i t Site A n Site B s dng ng Primary. Vic nh tuyn da trn ch n khgn cung cp vic chia ti da trn cc ng c tc khng bng nhau. S dng Policy base Routing c th forward gi tin da trn nhiu tham s khc nhau, nhng khng phi l gii php cho mng vi s lng Router ln.
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KHI NIM MPLS

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Khi nim c bn v MPLS

8

MPLS l c ch chuyn mch mi, cho php chuyn tip gi tin da trn nhn (Label). Nhn c th tng ng vi a ch IP ch (tng ng vi m hnh chuyn tip IP truyn thng). Nhn cng c th tng ng vi cc tham s khc (VD: QoS hoc a ch ngun). MPLS c thit k h tr vic chuyn tip cc giao thc khc ngoi IP.
www.ct-in.com.vn February 24, 2014

MPLS: V d c bn
9

10.1.1.1

10.1.1.1

Label removal and routing lookup L=3

Routing lookup and label assignment 10.0.0.0/8 L=5 Label swapping L=5 L=3

Ch Router bin thc hin routing lookup Core router chuyn mch gi tin da theo nhn v thay i nhn ca gi tin (swap labels)

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February 24, 2014

MPLS v IP over ATM

10.1.1.1 L=17 L=3 L=5 10.1.1.1

Thit b lp 2 chy giao thc nh tuyn lp 3 v thit lp VC da trn thng tin nh tuyn lp 3

Thit b lp 2 c th thc hin c vic nh tuyn da trn IP. Khng cn thit lp cc knh o bng tay. MPlS cung cp m hnh mng full-mesh o.
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iu khin lu lng vi MPLS

11

Large Site A

Primary OC192 link

Large Site B

Secondary OC48 link

Small Site C

Lu lng c th chuyn tip da trn cc thng s khc nhau (QoS, Source). C th chia ti trn cc ng dn c cost khng bng nhau.
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Kin trc mng MPLS

12

MPLS bao gm 2 thnh phn chnh

Lp

iu khin (Control Plane): lm nhim vt trao i thng tin nh tuyn v nhn Lp d liu (Data Plane): Lm nhim v chuyn tip gi tin da trn nhn (Label).

Control Plane s dng cc c ch phc tp troa i thng tin nh tuyn, nh: OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, BGP v trao i nhn nh: TDP, LDP, BGP, RSVP. Data Plane ch lm c ch chuyn tip. Control Plane duy tr ni dung ca bng chuyn mch nhn (LFIP: Label forwarding information base)

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February 24, 2014

Kin trc MPLS (tip)

13

Control Plane OSPF: 10.0.0.0/8 LDP: 10.0.0.0/8 Label 17 OSPF OSPF: 10.0.0.0/8 LDP: 10.0.0.0/8 Label 4

LDP

Data Plane Labeled packet Label 17 LFIB 417 Labeled packet Label 4

Chc nng ca Router c chia thnh 2 phn chnh: Control Plane v Data plane.
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Cc m hnh hot ng ca MPLS

14

Cng ngh MPLS c th s dng cc giao thc lp 1 hay lp 2 chuyn mch. MPLS s dng nhn 32-bit c thm vo gia mo u lp 2 v lp 3 (framemode). MPLS over ATM s dng mo u ATM lm nhn (cel-mode).

February 24, 2014

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Nhn MPLS
15
L2 L2 Header Header MPLS Header IP IP Packet Packet

Label (20-bits)

CoS S

TTL

Applications

7 to 5 UDP 4 3

TCP IP MPLS Frame Relay FR

PPP PPP

ATM (*) ATM (*)

Physical (Optical - Electrical)

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February 24, 2014

Vai tr ca Router lm nhim v chuyn mch nhn (LSR)

16

MPLS Domain
10.1.1.1 L=3 L=5 10.1.1.1

20.1.1.1

L=31

L=43

20.1.1.1

Edge LSR

LSR

LSR lm nhim v chuyn tip cc gi tin nh nhn (label swapping) Edge LSR (LSR ti bin): lm nhim v nh nhn cc gi tin IP v chuyn tip gi tin vo min MPLS hoc b nhn v chuyn gi tin IP ra khi min MPLS
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Kin trc ca LSR

17

LSR ty theo tng loi, lm cc nhim v :

Chuyn thng tin nh tuyn. Trao i nhn. Chuyn tip gi tin

Hai chc nng u thuc v lp iu khin, chc nng cui thuc v lp d liu

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February 24, 2014

Kin trc ca LSR

18

LSR Exchange of routing information Control Plane Routing Protocol IP Routing Table Exchange of labels Label Distribution Protocol

Incoming labeled packets

Data Plane Label Forwarding Table

Outgoing labeled packets

LSR lm nhim v chuyn tip gi tin nh nhn.

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Kin trc ca Edge LSR

19

Edge LSR Exchange of routing information Control Plane

Routing Protocol

IP Routing Table

Exchange of labels

Label Distribution Protocol

Data Plane

Incoming IP packets Incoming labeled packets

IP Forwarding Table Label Forwarding Table

Outgoing IP packets Outgoing labeled packets

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February 24, 2014

Cu trc nhn MPLS

20

LABEL 0

EXP

TTL 31

1920

22 23 24

MPLS s dng mo u 32 bit bao gm cc trng: LABEL (20 bit u tin) cha gi tr nhn EXP (3 bit tip theo) c ng dng trong qun l cht lng dch v S (1 bit tip theo) xc nh rng mo u tip theo l mt nhn khc ( tng ng vi gi tr S = 0) hay l mo u lp 3 (tng ng vi gi tr S = 1) TTL (8 bit tip theo ) cha gi tr TTL trong mo u lp 3 c s dng chng vic cc gi tin i lng vng trong mng
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Cu trc nhiu nhn

21

Frame Header

Label 1 Label 2 Label 3

IP Header

Payload

PID=MPLS-IP S=0 S=0 S=1

Khi gi tin c gn nhiu hn mt nhn th tp hp cc nhn c gi l ngn xp nhn. Trong qu trnh chuyn tip gi tin, nhn nh ca ngn xp c s dng chuyn tip gi tin. Cc nt mng da vo gi tr ca trng S tm ra gi tin nh ngn xp (ng vi S = 1)
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ng dng ca Label Stack

22

c s dng cho mt s ng dng ca MPLS MPLS VPNs (2 nhn nhn nh ngn xp c dng chuyn tip gi tin trong core, nhn th 2 phn bit cac VPN) MPLS TE (2 nhn) MPLS VPNs combined with MPLS TE (3 nhn hoc nhiu hn)

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February 24, 2014

C ch chuyn tip MPLS

23

LSR lm cc nhim v sau:

(impose) thm nhn u tin hoc cc nhn theo ngn xp (stack) vo cc gi tin u vo. Swap lo nhn vi nhn ca next-hop hoc cc nhn ngn xp trong core. Remove (pop) : Loi b nhn ti u ra.
Insert

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February 24, 2014

C ch chuyn mch trong mng MPLS

24 MPLS Domain

10.1.1.1

10.1.1.1

10.1.1.1

10.1.1.1

IP Lookup 10.0.0.0/8 label 3 LFIB label 8 label 3

IP Lookup 10.0.0.0/8 label 5 LFIB label 3 label 5

IP Lookup 10.0.0.0/8 next hop LFIB label 5 pop

Nhn u vo c gn v t vo da trn qu trnh nh tuyn P LSR trong Core o nhn da trn ni dung ca bng chuyn mch nhn (LFIB). Ti u ra, nhn c loi b v cc router bin lm nhim v n tuyn chuyn tip gi tin.
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CC NG DNG CAMPLS

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ng dng MPLS
26

MPLS c s dng trong rt nhiu ng dng khc nhau: MPLS is already used in many different applications:
Unicast

IP routing Multicast IP routing iu khin lu lng:Traffic Engineering (MPLS TE) QoS Virtual private networks (MPLS VPN)

Vi mi ng dng, chng nng lun lun c chia thnh 2 phn: iu khin v d liu:
Cc

ng dng ch khc nhau ti lp iu khin. S dng chung 1 c ch chuyn mch nhn ti lp d liu.
www.ct-in.com.vn February 24, 2014

Unicast IP Routing
27

Da trn hai c ch cn c trong lp iu khin:

IP

routing protocol (OSPF, IS-IS, EIGRP, ...) Label distribution protocol (LDP or TDP)

Giao thc nh tuyn mang cc thng tin nh tuyn v mng. Giao thc phn phi nhn (LDP) gn nhn cho mng hc c thng qua giao thc nh tuyn.

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February 24, 2014

Multicast IP Routing
28

Khng cn 1 giao thc ring h tr vic truyn ti lu lng multicast thng qua min MPLS. Giao thc PIM v.2 vi phn m rng cho MPLS c s dng qung b thng tin nh tuyn cng nh nhn.

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February 24, 2014

MPLS TE (iu khin lu lng trong min MPLS)

29

MPLS TE cn OSPF hoc IS-IS vi phn m rng cho giao thc MPLS-TE. OSPF v IS-IS vi phn m rng s lu gi topology trong c s d liu ca chng. OSPF v IS-IS c thm cc thng tin v ti nguyn mng v cc iu kin rng buc khc. RSVP hoc CR-LDP c s dng thit lp cc ng hm qun l lu lng (TE Tunnels) v qung b nhn.
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Mng ring o
30

Cc mng c hc thng qua giao thc IGP t khch hng hoc thng qua BGP t cc Router trong mng. Nhn c qung b qua MP-BGP. Hai nhn c s dng:
Nhn u tin dnh cho Egress Router (gn thng qua LDP). Nhn th 2 xc nh giao din u ra ca Egress Router hacj Bng nh tuyn m Router s dng look-up.

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S tng tc ln nhau gia cc ng dng MPLS

31

Control Plane
Unicast IP Routing
Any IGP Unicast IP routing table LDP or TDP Multicast IP routing table PIM version 2

Multicast IP Routing

MPLS Traffic Engineering

OSPF or IS-IS Unicast IP routing table LDP RSVP

Quality of Service
Any IGP Unicast IP routing table LDP or TDP

MPLS/VPN
Any IGP Unicast IP routing tables LDP BGP

Data Plane
Label forwarding table

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February 24, 2014

C CH GN V PHN PHI NHN

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MPLS Unicast IP Routing

33

MPLS gii thiu 1 trng mi s dng trong cc quyt nh chuyn tip gi tin. Tuy nhn c gn ni b nhng chng vn cn qung b gia cc router kt ni trc tip vi nhau. C 2 la chn:

Nhn l 1 tham s trong giao thc nh tuyn IP sn c. To 1 giao thc mi qung b nhn.

La chn th 2 c s dng v c qu nhiu giao thc nh tuyn cn phi sa c th mang c nhn

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February 24, 2014

Chuyn mch MPLS da trn nn kin trc nh tuyn IP

34

LSR
Trao i thng tin nh tuyn

Control Plane
Routing Protocol IP Routing Table

Trao i nhn (Labels)

LDP

Gi tin IP u vo
Gi tin c nh nhn u vo

Data Plane
IP Forwarding Table Label Forwarding Table

Gi tin IP u ra
Gi tin c nhn u ra

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February 24, 2014

MPLS Unicast IP Routing: Minh ha

35

LSR Control Plane

OSPF: 10.0.0.0/8 1.2.3.4 10.0.0.0/8 1.2.3.4 OSPF: 10.0.0.0/8

RT:

LIB:

Data Plane
10.1.1.1 L=5 10.1.1.1 FIB: LFIB: 10.0.0.0/8 1.2.3.4 10.1.1.1

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February 24, 2014

MPLS Unicast IP Routing: Minh ha

36

LSR Control Plane

OSPF: 10.0.0.0/8 1.2.3.4 OSPF: 10.0.0.0/8

RT:

10.0.0.0/8 1.2.3.4

LDP: 10.0.0.0/8, L=5

LIB:

10.0.0.0/8 Next-hop L=3, Local L=5

LDP: 10.0.0.0/8, L=3

Data Plane
10.1.1.1 L=5 10.1.1.1 FIB: LFIB: 10.0.0.0/8 1.2.3.4 , L=3 L=5 L=3 L=3 10.1.1.1 L=3 10.1.1.1

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February 24, 2014

C ch cp v phn phi nhn trong mi trng MPLS

37

Vic cp v phn phi nhn trong mi trng MPLS c thc hin theo cc bc:

Giao thc nh tuyn xy dng bng nh tuyn IP. Mi LSR gn nhn cho mi ch n c lp trong bng nh tuyn Cc LSRs thng bo nhn c chng gn cho tt c cc LSR hng xm. Mi LSR xy dng bng LIB, LFIB v cu trc d liu ca FIB da trn nhn n nhn c.
www.ct-in.com.vn February 24, 2014

Xy dng bng nh tuyn

38

Routing table of A Network Next-hop X B

Routing table of B Network Next-hop X C

Routing table of C Network Next-hop X D

A
FIB on A Network Next hop Label X B

C
Routing table of E Network Next-hop X C

D Network X

Giao thc nh tuyn c s dng xy dng bng nh tuyn trn tt c LSR. FIBs c xy dng da trn bng nh tuyn v khng c thng tin v nhn.
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Cp nhn (label).
39

Routing table of B Network Next-hop X C

Router B assigns label 25 to destination X.

D Network X

Mi LSR cp nhn cho tt c cc ch n trong bng nh tuyn IP. Nhn c gi tr ni b trn Router. Nhn c gn l khng ng b gia cc Router.
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Xy dng bng FIB v LFIB

40

Routing table of B Network Next-hop X C

Router B assigns label 25 to destination X.

B
LFIB on B Action Next hop pop C E

Label 25

Outgoing action is pop, as B has received no label for X X Network from C.

Local label is stored in LIB.

LIB on B Network LSR label X local 25

Cu trc ca LIB v LFIB phi c xy dng trn LSR cp nhn.

Phn phi nhn

41

LIB on B Network LSR label X local 25

X = 25 A B

X = 25 C D Network X E

Nhn c cp c qung b n tt c cc LSR hng xm.

Nhn thng tin qung b v nhn

42

LIB on A Network LSR label X B 25

LIB on C Network LSR label X B 25

X = 25 A
FIB on A Network Next hop Label X B 25

X = 25 B C D Network X E
LIB on E Network LSR label X B 25

Mi LSR lu thng tin nhn nhn c vo bng LIB ca n. LSR bin nhn c nhn t next-hop ca n cng lu tr thng tin v nhn trong bng FIB.

Chuyn tip gi tin tm thi

43

Label 25

LFIB on B Action Next hop pop C

Label lookup is performed in LFIB: label is removed.

IP: X

Lab: 25

IP: X

FIB on A Network Next hop Label X B 25

IP lookup is performed in FIB: packet is labeled.

Cc gi tin IP c chuyn tip ch c nh nhn trn ng dn c gn nhn.

Hon thnh vic phn phi nhn.

44

LIB on C Network LSR label X B 25 local 47

X = 47 A B C D Router C assigns label Network 47 to destination X. X E

Label 47 LFIB on C Action Next hop pop D

Kt qu sau khi cc Router gn nhn y cho ch n.

Receiving Label Advertisement

FIB on B Network Next hop X C Label 47

LIB on B Network LSR label X local 25 C 47

X = 47 A B C D

Network X
FIB on E Network Next hop X C

E
Label 47

LIB on E Network LSR label X B 25 C 47

LSR nhn c nhn t LSR next-hop cng s a vo bng FIB Mi LSR u lu tr thng tin nhn c trong LIB ca n.

Thit lp bng LFIb

FIB on B Network Next hop X C Label 47

LIB on B Network LSR label X local 25 C 47

X = 47 A B LFIB on B Action Next hop 47 C C D Network X E

Label 25

Router B gn nhn cho mng X v to 1 entry trong LFIB. Nhn u ra c a vo LFIB sau khi nhn uc nhn t LSR k tip.

M phng vic truyn gi tin qua mng MPLS

Ingress LSR IP: X
Label 25 LFIB on B Action Next hop 47 C

Label lookup is performed in the LFIB, label is switched. Egress LSR IP: X

Lab: 25

Lab: 47

FIB on A Network Next hop Label X B 25

Label 47

LFIB on C Action Next hop pop D

IP lookup is performed in the FIB, packet is labeled. Label lookup is performed in the LFIB, label is removed.

HI T TRONG MNG MPLS

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Trng thi hi t ca mng MPLS

49

Routing table of B Network Next-hop X C

FIB on B Network Next hop X C

Label 47

B
LIB on B Network LSR label X local 25 C 47 E 75
Label 25 LFIB on B Action Next hop 47 C

Network X
E

Sau khi LSR hon thnh vic trao i nhn, LIB, LFIB v cu trc d liu ca FIB c xy dng y .
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Khi link gp s c
50

Routing table of B Network Next-hop X C

FIB on B Network Next hop X C

Label 47

B
LIB on B Network LSR label X local 25 C 47 E 75
Label 25 LFIB on B Action Next hop 47 C

D Network X

Cc thng tin v Router hng xm b mt sau khi link gp s c. Cc entry b g khi tt c cc bng d liu.

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February 24, 2014

S hi t ca giao thc nh tuyn

51

Routing table of B Network Next-hop X E

FIB on B Network Next hop X E

Label

B
LIB on B Network LSR label X local 25 C 47 E 75
Label 25 LFIB on B Action Next hop 47 C

D Network X

Giao thc nh tuyn xy dng li bng nh tuyt v bng chuyn tip.

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Hi t MPLS
52

Routing table of B Network Next-hop X E

FIB on B Network Next hop X E

Label 75

B
LIB on B Network LSR label X local 25 C 47 E 75
Label 25 LFIB on B Action Next hop 75 E

D Network X

Bng LFIB v thng tin nhn trong FIB c xy dng li ngay lp tc sau khi giao thc nh tuyn c hi t, da trn cc nhn c lu trong LIB
www.ct-in.com.vn February 24, 2014

S hi t ca MPLS sau khi c s c

53

S hi t ca MPLS khng nh hng n thi gian hi t ton mng. MPLS s hi t ngay sau khi giao thc nh tuyn hi t, da trn cc nhn c lu trong LIB.

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February 24, 2014

PENUITIMATE HOP POPING

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C ch lookup kp
55

MPLS Domain
10.0.0.0/8 L=17 17 FIB 10/8 NH, 17 LFIB 35 17 10.1.1.1 FIB 10/8 NH, 18 LFIB 17 18 18 10.0.0.0/8 L=18 10.1.1.1 FIB 10/8 NH, 19 LFIB 18 19 19 10.0.0.0/8 L=19 10.1.1.1 FIB 10/8 NH LFIB 19 untagged 10.0.0.0/8

10.1.1.1

C ch lookup kp khng phi l phng n ti u cho vic chuyn tip gi tin trong mng. Nhn c th c loi b sm hn
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Double lookup is needed: 1. LFIB: remove the label. 2. FIB: forward the IP packet based on IP next-hop address.

February 24, 2014

C ch loi b nhn p cht. (Penultimate Hop Popping-PHP)

56 Pop or implicit null label is advertised. 10.0.0.0/8 L=18 18 FIB 10/8 NH, 18 LFIB 17 18 10.1.1.1 FIB 10/8 NH, 19 LFIB 18 pop 10.0.0.0/8 L=pop 10.1.1.1 FIB 10/8 NH LFIB 10.0.0.0/8

MPLS Domain
10.0.0.0/8 L=17 17 FIB 10/8 NH, 17 LFIB 35 17 10.1.1.1

10.1.1.1

One single lookup.

Nhn c loi b trn router p cht trc khi n router cui cng trong min MPLS.
www.ct-in.com.vn February 24, 2014

C ch loi b nhn p cht. (Penultimate Hop Popping-PHP)

57

C ch PHP gip ti u ha hiu nng ca mng MPLS.

C ch POP (nhn Implicit null) s dng gi tr bng 3 khi qung b n khch hng.

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February 24, 2014

CU HNH MPLS C BN

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Cc bc cu hnh MPLS
59

Cc bc cu hnh:
Kch hot MPLS trn cc Interface chy MPLS. Cu hnh tnh nng IP TTL . Vn vi LAN MTU Cu hnh cc thng s MPLS. Cu hnh vic iu khin phn phi nhn.

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February 24, 2014

Cu hnh MPLS trn cc Interface

60

router(config-if)#

mpls ip

Cisco IOS Release 12.1(3)T

Kch hot chuyn mch nhn trn interface

router(config-if)#

mpls label-protocol [tdp | ldp | both]

Cisco IOS Release 12.2T

Khi ng giao thc phn phi nhn trn interface

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February 24, 2014

Cu hnh LAN MTU

61

router(config-if)#

mpls mtu mtu-size

Cisco IOS Release 12.1(3)T

Giao thc chuyn mch nhn lm tng kch thc gi tin (MTU) ti a cn h tr trn Interace do vic b sung thm trng nhn. Interface MTU t ng tng trn giao din WAN, IP MTU t ng gim trn giao din LAN. h tr MTU cho MPLS, cu hnh li MTU trn giao din LAN trnh hin tng gi tin IP b phn mnh.

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February 24, 2014

Cu hnh IP TTL
62

router(config)#

no mpls ip propagate-ttl

12.1(3)T

Theo mc nh, trng IP TTL c sao chp vo vo label khi ng gi nhn v copy ngc li vo gi tin IP khi b nhn. Cu lnh trn hy b vic sao chp trng IP TTL vo mo u MPLS. Gi tr TTL=255 s c a vo mo u nhn. Vic cp TTL phi c disable trn c router u vo v u ra.

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February 24, 2014

Cc cu lnh kim tra hot ng MPLS

63

Show mpls ldp neighbor: kim tra cc Router hng xm chy MPLS. Show mpls ldp bindings: kim tra bng LIB. Show mpls forwarding table: kim tra bng LFIB. Show mpls interface: kim tra cc interface chy MPLS. Show mpls interface detail :

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February 24, 2014

Q&A

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