NGHIN CU KHOA HC

2012

NGHIN CU NG DNG CNG NGH MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR (MBBR) X L NC THI SINH HOT
L c Anh, L Th Minh, o Vnh Lc Trng i hc Yersin Lt

Tm tt ti nghin cu cng ngh Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) nhm x l nc thi sinh hot ti thnh ph Lt. Thit lp m hnh nghin cu quy m phng th nghim vi 2 b sinh hc c gi th K3 vi t l 40% so vi th tch b. Cc thng s vn hnh l HRT = 4 -24h, pH = 6,5-8, DO = 0,1-0,5 (b thiu kh) v 2,5-3,5 (b hiu kh). 3 3 3 Qua cc ti trng 1 kg COD/m .ngy, 2 kg COD/m .ngy, 3 kg COD/m .ngy hiu qu x l COD cao nht ln lt l 93,22%, 92,82%, 85,61% v hiu sut kh T-N (tng nit) cao nht t 69,03%, 76,74%, 61,40%. Cc ch tiu COD, BOD5, N-NH3 dng ra u t tiu chun loi B ca QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT. Kt qu ny cho thy tim nng ln ng dng cng ngh MBBR x l nc thi sinh hot.

Abstract Research on the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) in domestic wastewater treatment This study researches on the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) in domestic wastewater treatment in Da Lat city. A pilot-scale model is set up with two biological reactors that have the rate of 40% about volume of K3 inside. The operating parameters are HRT = 4-24h, pH = 6.5 to 8.0, DO = 0.1-0.5 (anoxic reactor) and 2.5 to 3.5 (aeration 3 3 3 reactor). With the organic loading rate of 1 kg COD/m .day, 2 kg COD/m .day, 3 kg COD/m .day, the highest COD removal efficiency are 93.22%, 92.82%, 85.61% and the highest T-N (total nitrogen) removal efficiency are 69.03%, 76.74%, 61.40%, respectively. The parameters of COD, BOD5, N-NH3 are available and satisfy the B standard of QCVN 14:2008/MONRE. This result shows high potential in applying MBBR in domestic wastewater treatment .

1. Gii thiu

gy nay cng vi vn gia tng dn s v cc h qu km theo n i vi mi trng rt ln. Trong nc thi sinh hot gia tng cng t ra thch thc cho cc nh mi trng. Hin nay cc nh my x l nc thi ang i mt vi vn phi m rng quy m do s tng ln ng k ca lu lng nc thi v ti trng hu c.... Chnh s gia tng v lu lng v ti lng ny nh hng n cht lng x l ca cc nh my x l nc thi. Tuy nhin cc nh my c th thay i cng ngh s dng p ng c nhu cu x l. Mt trong nhng cng ngh mi c nghin cu l cng ngh Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). Cng ngh MBBR l cng ngh kt hp gia cc iu kin thun li ca qu trnh x l

bn hot tnh v b lc sinh hc. B MBBR hot ng ging nh qu trnh x l bn hot tnh hiu kh trong ton b th tch b. Chnh v s kt hp cc iu kin ti u ca hai qu trnh x l nn cng ngh MBBR c kh nng hot ng tt trong iu kin lu lng v ti lng nhim cao. Yu t quan trng nht trong cng ngh MBBR chnh l kh nng x l nc thi ca lp mng vi sinh bm dnh trn gi th sinh hc. Lp mng sinh hc l qun th cc vi sinh vt pht trin trn b mt gi th. Chng loi vi sinh vt trong mng sinh hc tng t nh i vi h thng x l bn hot tnh l lng. Mng sinh hc c th bao gm bt k loi vi sinh vt, bao gm to, nm, vi khun v ng vt nguyn sinh trong hu ht cc mng sinh hc t nhin, bao gm cc cc cng ng vi khun phc tp vi nhiu loi.

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Cc vi sinh vt ty tin c th s dng oxy ha tan trong hn hp nc thi, nu oxy ha tan khng c sn th nhng vi sinh vt ny s dng Nitrit/Nitrat nh l cht nhn in t. Trong khi cht dinh dng v oxy khuch tn thng qua lp ng ti lp mng biofilm, s phn hy sinh hc sn xut ra nhng sn phm khuch tn t lp mng biofilm, ngc li hn hp cht lng c xo trn trong b MBBR. ti ny nh gi hiu qu x l ca cng ngh MBBR vi nc thi sinh hot ti thnh ph Lt qua cc ti trng khc nhau. 2. Ni dung nghin cu

M hnh nghin cu ca cng trnh nghin cu ny l cng ngh MBBR vi quy m phng th nghim c lp t v vn hnh ti phng th nghim Cng ngh mi trng, trng i hc Yersin Lt. S cng ngh c trnh by trong hnh 2.

Hnh 1: Mng biofilm trn gi th

2.1. M hnh nghin cu

Hnh 2: S cng ngh MBBR

Ghi ch: 1: Bm nc thi 2: Bm tun hon 3: My thi kh 4: Mt khuy 5: B thiu kh Nc thi t b cha nc thi (9) c a vo h thng x l bng cng ngh MBBR nh bm s (1), bm (1) c iu chnh lu lng bm c c nh theo tng ti trng. Sau khi bm nc thi c dn vo b thiu kh (5), ti b thiu kh gn b phn khuy trn bng cnh khuy, tc cnh khuy c duy tr 15 vng/pht duy tr hm lng oxy ha tan lun nh hn 0,5 mg/l v to iu kin cho gi th chuyn ng trong b.
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6: B hiu kh 7: B lng 8: B cha nc sau x l 9: B cha nc thi cha x l

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Sau khi c x l trong b thiu kh nc thi c dn vo b hiu kh (6) bng ng dn. Ti b hiu kh c lp t h thng phn phi kh v c thi kh lin tc bng my thi kh (3), lu lng kh c iu chnh ph hp bng cc van iu chnh lu lng kh nhm cung cp oxy v gip cc gi th chuyn ng trong b hiu kh. Nc thi sau khi c x l bng b hiu kh c dn vo b lng (7), mt phn nc thi t b lng c bm tun hon (2) v b thiu kh vi lu lng bng vi lu lng nc thi u vo. Ti b lng cc bn hot tnh sau khi lng c dn vo b cha bn nh van

x y t y b lng, phn nc thi trong c dn vo b cha nc sau x l (8), bn hot tnh c chm tr li b thiu kh duy tr hm lng bn hot tnh trong h thng x l. 2.2. Nc thi Nc thi c s dng trong m hnh nghin cu c ly t ngn phn phi sau b lng ct ca nh my x l nc thi sinh hot vi cc thnh phn nhim trong nc thi c trnh by trong bng 1.

Bng 1: Thnh phn nc thi sinh hot ca Nh my XLNT Lt Gi tr STT Thnh phn n v (1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ph DO COD BOD5 SS NH3-N Trc khun rut (E-coli) (1)S liu phn tch ti nh my XLNT Lt (2) S liu phn tch ti PTN Khoa KHMT, H Yersin Lt ( t 3/2012 n 5/2012) mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l FC/100 ml 7 7,5 0,9 2,5 350 700 260 450 550 870 25 50 5.650 (2) 6,9 7,6 0,5 2,5 450 1.100 264 497 200 640 24,64 43,12 -

2.3. Bn hot tnh Bn hot tnh c ly t b lng sinh hc sau b Aeroten ti cng ty ch bin c ph H Phng (c Trng, Lm ng). Vi MLSS l 3.500 mg/l ln lt cung cp cho 2 b thiu kh v hiu kh. 2.4. Cc yu t vn hnh Nghin cu c chia thnh 2 giai on (Bng 2):

- Giai on 1 (giai on thch nghi): Nhm n nh v to s thch nghi ca bn hot tnh vi nc thi sinh hot. - Giai on 2: nh gi hiu qu x l qua cc ti trng 1, 2 v 3 tng ng 1, 2 v 3 kg COD/m3.ngy

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Bng 2: Cc yu t vn hnh th nghim Cc yu t vn hnh Giai on pH Giai on 1: Thch nghi Giai on 2: Ti trng 1: 1 kg COD/m3.ngy 6,5-8,0 10 h 5h 4h 0,1-0,5 6,5-8,0 0,1-0,5 6,5-8,0 0,1-0,5 6,5-8,0 10 h 5h 4h 2,5-3,5 2,5-3,5 2,5-3,5 6,5-8,0 B thiu kh HRT 24 h DO pH B hiu kh HRT 24 h DO 2,5-3,5

0,1-0,5 6,5-8,0

Ti trng 2: 2 kg COD/m3.ngy 6,5-8,0 Ti trng 3: 3 kg COD/m3.ngy 6,5-8,0

2.5. Gi th sinh hc Trong cng trnh nghin cu s dng gi th K3 c lm t Polyetylen (Hnh 3) vi

ng knh 25 mm, chiu di 10 mm, tng din tch b mt l 800 m2/m3 trong din tch b mt to mng biofilm l 500 m2/m3 v khi lng ring l 0,19 kg/m3 (Bng 3).

Hnh 3: Gi th K3

Bng 3: Cc thng s c trng ca gi th K3 Cht liu Polyetylen Kch thc (DxL) 25mm x 10mm Din tch hu dng (m2/m3) 500 Khi lng ring (kg/m3) 0,19

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Cc ch tiu phn tch th nghim trong ti nghin cu c thc hin theo hng dn nh k ly mu hng ngy phn tch ca Cc phng php th nghim chun ca hiu qu ca qu trnh x l thng qua cc ch nc v nc thi quc t v mt s tiu chun tiu SS, BOD5, COD, NH3-N, T-N. ca Vit Nam (Bng 4). Bng 4: Cc phng php phn tch STT 1 2 3 4 5 6
*

2.6. Phng php phn tch

Ch tiu pH DO SS COD T-N N NH3 in cc Hana Phng php Winkler TCVN 6625:2000

Phng php

5220 C. Closed Reflux, Titrimetric Method* 4500 Norg B.Macro-Kjedahl Method* TCVN 6638:2000

Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater

3. Kt qu 3.1. Hiu qu x l COD Qua kt qu phn tch cho thy hiu qu x chung COD qua 3 ti trng kh cao nm trong khong t 75-93%. Trong duy tr n nh trong khong 80-90% ( th 1). ti trng 1 tng ng vi ti trng x l l 1 kgCOD/m3.ngy. Hiu qu x l cha n nh nhng vn duy tr mc cao, nguyn nhn ca s khng n nh hiu qu x l l do lp mng biofilm bm dnh cn mng d thay i nu cc iu kin mi trng. Tuy nhin qua s liu phn tch cho thy hiu qu x l COD vn duy tr mc cao. ti trng 2 tng ng vi ti trng x l l 2 kgCOD/m3.ngy hiu qu x l trong 2 ngy u thp xung 69% thp hn hn hiu qu x l trung bnh 84,7% nguyn nhn chnh l do sau khi tng ti trng x l lp mng biofilm cha thch nghi c vi lng dinh dng tng nhanh nn khng x l trit . Ti trng 3 tng ng vi ti trng x l l 3 kgCOD/m3.ngy hiu qu x l c gim nh hn mt cht xung 83,38% so vi ti trng 2 l 84,7%. Tuy nhin cng c th cho thy rng hiu qu x l COD ca cng ngh MBBR b thiu

kh kt hp hiu kh rt cao ba ti trng tng ng l 1 kgCOD/m3.ngy, 2 kgCOD/m3.ngy, 3 kgCOD/m3.ngy t gi tr trung bnh 86,74%, 84,7%, 83,38%. Hiu qu x l COD n nh trong sut qu trnh vn hnh, iu ny chng t vi sinh vt trong b MBBR t b nh hng bi s thay i ti trng. y cng l mt trong nhng u im khi x l bng cng ngh MBBR thiu kh kt hp hiu kh. 3.2. Hiu qu x l BOD Hiu qu x l BOD5 sau hai bc x l MBBR thiu kh kt hp hiu kh ba ti trng hu c 1 kgCOD/m3.ngy, 2 kgCOD/m3.ngy, 3 kgCOD/m3.ngy kh cao ln lt cc gi tr 84,27 %, 89,57% v 92,84%. Hiu qu x l BOD5 kh n nh trong sut qu trnh, iu ny chng t rng kh nng x l BOD5 tng dn v n nh mc cao. Theo QCVN14: 2008/BTNMT quy chun quc gia v nc thi sinh hot, nng BOD ti a sau x l loi A l 30 mg/l v loi B l 50 mg/l, c ba ti trng iu x l t loi B. iu ny chng t rng ch cn vi 2 b thiu kh kt hp hiu kh c kh nng loi b BOD5 trong nc thi t tiu chun mi trng ( th 2).

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Hiu qu x l COD
u vo Sau b thiu kh Sau b hiu kh Ti trng 2 u ra Hiu qu x l Ti trng 3

mg/l 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1 3

Ti trng 1

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 Thi gian (ngy)

th 1: Hiu qu x l COD
u vo mg/l
600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 2 3 4 5

Sau b thiu kh Hiu qu x l

Sau b hiu kh
96% 94% 92% 90% 88% 86% 84% 82% 80% 78%

u ra

Thi gian (ngy)

th 2: Hiu qu x l BOD5 3.3. Hiu qu x l T-N Vi ti trng 1 kgCOD/m .ngy tng ng vi ti lng nit x l l 0,16 gN/m3.ngy. ti trng ny hiu qu x l nit n nh vi hiu qu x l trung bnh t 64,23%, y l hiu qu x l cao nhm x l nit trong nc thi. Sau khi bt u ti trng 2 hiu qu x l TKN trong nc gim xung mnh. Nguyn nhn do qu trnh tng ti trng gy nh hng s hot ng ca vi sinh vt, vi sinh vt cha
3

thch ng kp nn hiu qu x l qua 2 ngy u ti trng cha cao. Hiu qu x l T-N qua ba ti trng hu c 1 kgCOD/m3.ngy, 2 kgCOD/m3.ngy, 3 kgCOD/m3.ngy tng ng 64,23%, 67,99%, 58,35%. Tuy nhin qua kt qu vn hnh cho thy rng hiu qu x l nit bng cng ngh MBBR kh n nh ( th 3). Trong thi gian ny lp mng biofilm dnh bm trn gi th thiu kh v hiu kh ang pht trin mnh nn c kh nng x l cht dinh dng cng nh cht hu c cao.
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u vo mg/l 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 3 5 7 9 u ra Ti trng 2

Sau b thiu khi Hiu qu x l Ti trng 2

Sau b hiu kh Ti trng 3

90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37

Thi gian (ngy)

th 3: Hiu qu x l T-N

3.4. Hiu qu x l N-NH3 Theo QCVN 14:2008/BNTMT quy chun quc gia v nc thi sinh hot, nng ammonia ti a cho php trong nc thi sinh hot khi thi vo cc ngun nc khng s dng cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot l N-NH3 <10mg/l. Qua hnh 7 chng ta c th thy hu ht 3 ti trng hu c 1 kgCOD/m3.ngy, 2
u vo mg/l
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 0% 40% 20% 60% 100% 80%

kgCOD/m3.ngy, 3 kgCOD/m3.ngy, nng ammonia sau x l t tiu chun mi trng, ch c ngy u tin ti trng 1 l vt tiu chun cho php nhng vn c th gn t vi tiu chun. Kh nng x l N-NH3 trung bnh qua cc ti trng t 84,18%, 83,53%, 76,65% ( th 4).
Sau b hiu kh Ti trng 3
120%

Sau b thiu khi Hiu qu x l Ti trng 2

u ra Ti trng 2

Thi gian (ngy)

th 4: Hiu qu x l N-NH3
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4. Kt lun ti nghin cu ng dng cng ngh Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) nhm x l nc thi sinh hot vi gi th sinh hc K3. Sau qu trnh nghin cu nh gi hiu qu x l nc thi sinh hot qua ba ti trng khc nhau cho thy rng: - Hiu qu x l cht hu c cao trong hiu qu x l COD qua tng ti trng 1, 2 v 3 kg COD/m3.ngy ln lt t 93,22%, 92,82%, 85,61% v hiu qu x l BOD ti u qua tng ti trng 84,27%, 93,23%, 94,93%. Hiu qu x l n nh khi tng ti trng x l thng qua gi tr COD trung bnh ca cc ti trng ln lt t 86,74%, 84,7%, 83,38%. - Hiu qu x l cht dinh dng nit cao trong hiu qu x l N-NH3 ti a qua tng ti trng 95,24%, 91,53%, 83,37% v hiu qu x l T-N ti a qua tng ti trng t 69,03%, 76,74%, 61,40%. - Cc kt qu v cc ch tiu BOD5, N-NH3 phn tch ti u ra u t tiu chun loi B theo QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT.

and Resue, 4th Ed.; Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F.L., and Stensel, D.H..; McGraw-Hill: New York. 3. Ratcliffe, M., Rogers, C., Merdinger, M., Prince, J., Mabuza, T., and Johnson, C.H. (2006). Treatment of High Strength Chemical Industry Wastewater Using Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) Technology. WEFTEC. 4. Wessman, F.G., Yuegen, E.Y., Qiaogeng, Z., Guanghui, He, Welander, T. and Rusten B. (2003). Increasing the Capacity for Treatment of Chemical Plant Wastewater by Replacing Existing Suspended Carrier Media with Kaldnes Moving Bed Media at a Plant in Singapore. South Africa Biofilm Conference. 5. Wilewski, W., Shigeishi, M., Johnson, C.H., and Tsai, J. (2002). Full Scale Pilot Study of the Kaldnes MBBR & Activated Sludge Combination Process. Water Environment Association Ontario. 6. Zimmerman, R.A., Richard, D., Lynne, S. and Lin, W. (2005). Is Your Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Running on All Cylinders. WEFTEC. 7. o Vnh Lc (2011), Gio trnh cng ngh mi trng, trng i hc Yersin Lt.

Ti liu tham kho 1. Camp, W.C., Johnson C.H., Tischler L.F., Green J.B. and Gossett R.E (2001). Evaluation of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Technology for the Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds. Proceedings, WEF Specialty Conference Series Industrial WEFTEC 01. 2. Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. (2003), Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal

8. Lm Minh Trit (2010), X l nc thi th v cng nghip, Vin mi trng v ti nguyn, Tp H Ch Minh. 9. Nguyn Vn Phc (2007), Gio trnh x l nc thi nc thi sinh hot v cng nghip bng phng php sinh hc, Nxb. Xy dng, H Ni.

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