Bai Tap Ly Thuyet Mach

11
Chng 1
Mch in-thng s mch-Cc nh lut c
bn ca mch in

Tm tt l thuyt
Mt s thut ng v nh ngha ..
Cc ngun trong mch in gi l cc tc ng , cc in p v dng in
cc nhnh gi l cc phn ng ca mch . in p v dng in gi cc i
lng in (khng gi cng sut l i lng in).
Cc thng s mch th ng bao gm in tr , in cm v in dung.
in tr c th k hiu l R hoc r . in dung v in cm phi k hiu l cc
ch in hoa tng ng L v C .
Gi tr tc thi ca in p v dng in k hiu tng ng l ch u,i
thng (khng vit hoa) hoc c vit thm bin thi gian nh u(t),i(t) .Gi th
hiu dng k hiu tng ng l U v I , gi tr bin k hiu l U
m
v I
m
.Tng
ng s c k hiu trong min phc l m
. .
m
. .
I , U ; I , U
Quan h dng - p trn cc thng s mch :
Trn in tr R: Hnh 1.1a.
nh lut m u=i.R hay u(t)=i(t).R (1.1)
Cng sut tc thi p hay p(t) =u
2
R=
R
i
2
0 (1.2)
Nng lng tiu hao dng nhit nng trong khang thi gian t
1
t
2
:
W
T
=

2
1
t
t
dt ) t ( p (1.3)

Hnh 1.1
R L C
i
i i
u
u
u
a)
b)
c)

Trn in cmL: Hnh 1.1b
nh lut m :
u= ) . (
dt
di
L 4 1 hay

+ =
t
t
Lo
I udt
L
i
0
1
(1.4)
Trong I
L0
(hay I
L
(t
0
) hay i
L0
)l gi tr ca dng in qua L ti thi im
ban u t=t
0
.
Nng lng tch lu dng t trng ti thi im bt k l :
12
W
M
=
2
2
i
L (1.5)
Cng sut tc thi:
p=
dt
di
L . i
dt
dW
u . i
M
= = . (1.6)
Trn in dung C:Hnh 1.1.c
nh lu m i=

+ =
t
Co
U idt
C
u hay
dt
du
C
0
1
.(1.7)
Trong U
C
0
(hay U
C
(t
0
) hay u
C
0
)l gi tr ca in p trn C ti thi
im ban u t=t
0
.
Nng lng tch lu dng in trng ti thi im bt k :
W
E
=
2
2
u
C . (1.8)
Cng sut tc thi
p=
dt
du
C . u
dt
dW
i . u
E
= = . (1.9)
Lu :Cc cng thc (1.1),(1.4) v (1.7) ng vi trng hp in p v dng
in k hiu cng chiu nh trn hnh 1.1.Nu chiu ca dng in v in p
ngc chiu nhau th trong cc cng thc trn s c thm du - vo mt trong
hai v ca phng trnh .
Thng s ngun: Ngun in p hay ngun sut in ng (s) l
tng,ngun in p thc t(khng l tng) k hiu tng ng hnh 1.2.a,b.
Ngun dng in l tng,ngun dng in thc t(khng l tng) k hiu
tng ng hnh 12.c,d.
Hnh 1.2
a) b)
c)
e hay u
e hay u
R
0
R
0
d)
e)
E
R
0
R
0
i hay i
0
i hay i
0
0
I
0
0
R
E
I =
0 0
I R E =

Khi phn tch mch in c th bin i tng ng gia 2 loi ngun
c tn hao nh hnh 1.2e. Php bin i rt n gin : thc hin theo nh lut
m.
nh lut Kieckhop 1: nh lut cho nt th k trong mch c vit :
)' . (
i
i hay ) . ( i
k r
vk
k
k
10 1 10 1 0

= =
13
Trong (1.10) i
k
l tt c cc dng in ni vi nt th k , dng hng vo
nt mang du +,dng ri khi nt mang du -.Trong (1.10) i
Vk
l tt c cc
dng in hng vo nt th k , i
r k
l tt c cc dng ri khi nt k,chng u c
du +.
S phng trnh vit theo nh lut Kieckhop1 cho mch c n nt l
N=n-1 (1.11)
nh lut Kieckhop I1: nh lut cho vng th k trong mch c vit :
)' . ( e u hay ) . ( u
k k k
12 1 12 1 0

= =
Trong (1.12) u
k
l in p ca tt c cc on mch thuc vng th k ,
cng chiu mch vng ly vi du +,ngc chiu mch vng ly vi du
-.Trong (1.12) u
k
l tt c in p nhnh , e
k
l tt cc cc s nhnh thuc
vng k; cng chiu mch vng ly vi du +, ngc chiu mch vng ly vi
du -.
S phng trnh vit theo nh lut Kieckhop 2 cho mch in c n nt v
m nhnh l:
N=m-(n-1)=m-n+1 (1.13)
Nguyn l xp chng:Vi mt mch c nhiu
ngun cng tc ng ng thi nh trn hnh
1.3, tnh phn ng nhnh th k no ,v
d i
K
th s s dng nguyn l ny nh sau:
u tin cho ngun e
1
tc ng , cc
ngun cn li u dng tc ng (bng 0),tnh
c i
k1
(ch s 1 ch ln tnh th nht).Tip theo
cho e
2
tc ng ,cc ngun cn li u dng tc
ng, tnh c i
k2
Ln cui cng cho ngun th N tc ng , cc ngun cn li
u dng tc ng ,tnh c i
kN
th dng phi tm i
k
= i
k1
+i
k2
+.+i
kN

Nguyn l tng h:c th ng dng tnh tnh trong trng hp mch ch c
mt tc ng duy nht.
nh l ngun tng ng
:Cho php rt gn mch tnh
ton mi ch .Cch thc
hin m t trn hnh 1.4.on
mch a-b tuyn tnh c ngun ,
c thay th bng
- Ngun in p c tr s
bng in p h mch tnh c
gia 2 im a-b mc ni tip
vi in tr tng ng nhnt a-b khi cho cc ngun tc ng bng 0.(hnh
1.4b)
- Ngun dng in c tr s bng dng in ngn mch tnh c khi chp
2 im a-b, mc song song vi in tr tng ng nhnt a-b khi cho cc
ngun tc ng bng 0. (hnh 1.4c)
Hnh 1.3
1
i
e
N
e
2 k
i
Nhnh k
Mch in
tuyn tnh
.
.
.

on
mch
tuyn
tnh
cn li
Hnh 1.4
a)
b)
a
b
on
mch
tuyn tnh
cn li
a
b
U
R
t
h
on
mch
tuyn tnh
cn li
a
b
I
t
ng
R
c)
on mch
tuyn tnh c
1hoc nhiu
ngun

14
H phng trnh trng thi.
- Ton t nhnh: Trong mt nhnh th k trong mch c mt c 3
thng s R
k
,L
k
,C
k
mc ni tip s c :
+ + = + + = dt i
C
1
dt
di
L i R u u u u
k
k
k
k k k Ck Lk Rk k
(1.14)
(1.14)-k hiu cho gn l u
k
= L
k
i
k
.
Trong :
L
k
=

+ + dt
C
1
dt
d
L R
k
k k
(1.15)
L
k
- gi ton t nhnh hnh thc,tc l nhn hnh thc L
k
vi i
k
c
u
k
.
- Cng thc bn i nt. Mt nhnh th k nm gia hai nt a-b c in
th tng ng l
a
v
b
(dng in c chiu t a sang b) vi

3 thng s R
k
,L
k
,C
k

mc ni tip v c thm ngun s... l e
k
th c

k k
k
k
k k k b a k
e dt i
C
1
dt
di
L i R u
+ + = =
hay
k b a k
k
k
k k k
e dt i
C
1
dt
di
L i R = + +

. (1.16)
Trong cng thc cui e
k
ly vi du + n cng chiu dng i
k
,du
-ngc chiu i
k
.Php gii phng trnh vi phn cui tm i
k
ta k hiu mt
cch hnh thc l i
k
= L
k
-1
(
a
-
b
e
k
). Nh vy c th tm c dng nhnh i
k
bt
k theo in th nt . Cng thc ny gi l cng thc bn i nt; L
k
-1
-gi l ton
t nhnh o.

-Cng thc bn i vng:Ngi ta quy c dng mch vng l mt dng
in hnh thc chy trong mt vng kn.Nu mt nhnh c nhiu dng mch
vng i qua th dng nhnh l tng i s ca tt c cc dng mch vng i
qua n ,dng no cng chiu dng nhnh th c ly vi du +,ngc chiu
du -, tc
=
=
m
j
Vj k
I i
1
.Cng thc cui gi l cng thc bin i vng .

-H phng trnh (trng thi) dng nhnh :
Mch c n nt v m nhnh s phi vit n-1 phng trnh theo nh lut
Kieckhop 1 dng
0
1
1
=
=
nt i T
j
j
i ; v m-n+1 phng trnh theo nh lut Kieckhop 2
dng

= =
=
1 1 i
i
j
j
e i
j
L .
-H phng trnh (trng thi) dng mch vng : c dng tng qut
15

= + + + +
= + + + +
= + + + +
e i .... i i i
. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
e i .... i i i
e i .... i i i
N vN v v v
vN v v v
vN v v v
NN N3 N2 N1
2N 23 22 21
1N 13 12 11
L L L L
L L L L
L L L L
3 2 1
2 3 2 1
1 3 2 1
(1.17)
Trong :- N=m-n+1-s vng c lp vi cc dng mch vng tng ng i
Vk

-
kk
L - tng cc ton t nhnh thuc mch vng th k, du +.
-
l k
L vi kl Tng cc ton t nhnh chung ca vng th k v vng
th l , du c th + hoc - tu theo hai dng vng i
k
v i
l
qua nhnh ny
cng chiu hay ngc chiu.
-
e
k
-tng i s cc s... thuc vng th k, du c th + hoc -
tu theo ngun cng chiu hay ngc chiu dng mch vng.
-H phng trnh (trng thi) in th nt : c dng tng qut

= +
= +
=
J ....
. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
J ....
J ....
N N NN N N N
N N
N N
1 - 1 - 1 - 1 -
1 - 1 - 1 - 1 -
1 - 1 - 1 - 1 -
L L L L -
L L L L -
L L L L
4 3 2 2 1 1
2 2 3 23 2 22 1 21
1 1 3 13 2 12 1 11
(1.18)
Trong :
- N=n-1-s nt ng cc in th nt
1
2
,..
N

-
-1
L
kk
- tng cc ton t nhnh o ca cc nhnh ni vi nt th k
th k,lun mang du +.
-
-1
L
l k
vi k l - ton t nhnh o ca nhnh ni trc tip gia
nt th k v nt th l , lun c du -.
-
J
k
-tng cc ngun dng v ngun dng tng ng ni vi
nt th k.
Mch thun tr:
) e ( g
k b a k

Khi trong mch ch c in tr th u
k
=R
k
i
K
,
i
k
=
-H phng trnh dng mch vng : c dng tng qut
....... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
e i R .. .......... R i R i R
e i R .. .......... R i R i R
VN N v V
VN N v V
= + + +
= + + +
2 2 23 2 22 1 21
1 1 13 2 12 1 11
(1.19)
= + + + e i R .. .......... R i R i R
N VN NN N v N V N 3 2 2 1 1

16
Trong :
- N=m-n+1-s vng c lp c cc dng mch vng tng ng i
Vk

- R
kk
- tng cc in tr thuc mch vng th k,du +.
- R
kl
vi k l - tng cc in tr nhnh chung ca vng th k v vng
th l , du c th + hoc - tu theo hai dng vng i
k
v i
l
qua nhnh ny
cng
chiu hay ngc chiu.
-
e
k
-tng i s cc s. thuc vng th k, du c th + hoc
- tu theo ngun cng chiu hay ngc chiu dng mch vng.
-H phng trnh in th nt : c dng tng qut:
= +
= +
=
j g .... g g g
.... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
j g .... g g g
j g .... g g g
N N NN N N N
N N
N N
3 3 2 2 1 1
2 2 3 23 2 22 1 21
1 1 3 13 2 12 1 11
(1.20)
Trong :
- N=n-1-s nt ng cc in th nt
1
2
,..
N

- g
kk
- tng cc ton t nhnh o ca cc nhnh ni vi nt th k th lun
mang du +.
- g
kl
vi k l - ton t nhnh o ca nhnh ni gia 2 nt th k v nt
th l , lun c du -.
-
J
k
-tng cc ngun dng v ngun dng tng ng ni vi nt th
k. Ch :
- Khng lp phng trnh cho vng c cha ngun dng.
- Khng lp phng trnh cho nt c ngun in p l tng ni vi n.
Bin i mch loi b nguun p v ngun dng l tng:
C th loi b ngun in p l tng trong mch nu ta tnh tin ngun
ny vo cc nhnh ni vi cc dng ca ngun v chp 2 cc ca ngun.(Hnh
1.5ab).
E0
E0 E0
E0
a) b)
Hnh 1.5
I0
Ra
Rb
Ra
Rb
.I0
Ra .I0
Rb
a) b)
Hnh 1.6
...

17
C th loi b ngun dng trong mch bng cch :
-Chn 1 vng duy nht i qua ngun dng.
-Thay th ngun dng bng cch thm vo cc nhnh nm trong vng
chn cc s.., c tr s bng tch ngun dng vi gi tr ca in tr nhnh tng
ng ,c chiu ngc vi chiu vng ..(Hnh 1.6 ab)

Bi tp
1.1.Mt ngun pin c s E=1,5 V, ni tr r
0
=3 mc vi in tr ngoi R=7 .
a) Xc nh st p trn ni tr ngun v in p gia 2cc ca ngun.
b) Cc i lng trn s l bao nhiu nu in tr ngoi l 17 .

1.2. Ba ngun in p mt chiu vi E
1
=12V,
E
2
=18V, E
3
=10 V c cc ni tr tng ng l
r
01
= 4 , r
02
= 3 v r
03
= 1 mc nh hnh 1.7
(mc c li).
a)Hy xc nh in p gia tng cp cc
ca cc ngun .
b) Hy xc nh
in p gia tng cp cc
ca cc ngun khi ngun
th 2 c mc o chiu
v mch ngoi mc in tr
R=12 .

1.3.in p trn in tr R
trong cc hnh 1.8 xc nh
th no :
a) hnh 1.8a) vi e
1
=10V, e
2
= 20 V, R=10
b) h nh 1.8b) e=10V,I
0
= 2 A, R=10

1.4. Mch in hnh 1.9 c E
1
=24V,E
2
=12 V,R
1
=30 ,R
2
=20 .Hy xc nh tr
s ca von k l tng trong mch nu b qua cc ni ngun.

1.5.Mt ngun s khi b ngn mch tiu th cng sut 400 mW.Tm cng sut
cc i m ngun ny c th cung cp cho mch ngoi.

1.6.Cho cc th hnh 1.10 l cc in p khc nhau t ln in tr R=5 .
Hy tm :
a b c d
+
_
+
_
+
_
Uab Ubc Ucd
I
E1 E2 E3
Hnh 1.7

e
e2
e1
Io
Hnh1.8
a)
b)
Hnh 1.9
R1
+
_
+
_
R2
E2
E1
V
R
R

18
-Biu thc tc thi ca dng in v biu din n bng th .
-Biu thc ca cng sut tc thi v biu din n bng th .
-Tnh nng lng tiu tn trn in tr trong khong thi gian 01s
1.7.Cho in p l 1 xung c quy lut trn th hnh 1.11.
1.em in p ny t ln in tr R=1 .
a) Tm biu thc v v th ca dng in qua in tr .
b) Tm nng lng to ra trn in tr trong khong 04s
2. em in p ny t ln in cm
L=1 H.
a)Tm biu thc v v th ca
dng in qua in cm L .
b)Tm quy lut bin thin ca nng
lng t trng tch lu trong in cm L.
c)V ng cong ca tc bin
thin ca nng lng t trng .
2. em in p ny t ln in dung C=1 F.
a)Tm biu thc v v th ca dng in qua in dung C .
b)Tm quy lut bin thin ca nng lng in trng tch lu trong C.
c)V ng cong ca tc bin thin ca nng lng in trng .

1.8.Cho mch in hnh 1.12. vi R=100 , L=0,25 H ,ngun in p l tng
e(t)= 10 sin 400t [V]. Tm i
R
(t) v i
L
(t) v v th thi gian ca chng.

1.9.Mch in hnh 1.13.a) c R=2 , L=1 H , C=0,5F.Ngun s l tng tc
ng ln mch c dng th hnh 1.13.b). Bit i
L
(0)=0,u
C
(0)=0. Hy tm v v
th ca i
R
(t),i
L
(t),i
C
(t),i(t).Tnh tr s ca chng ti cc thi im t=0,5 ;0,9 ; 1
v 1,2 S.
u(t)
t [s]
[V]
0 1 2
5
a)
t [s]
[V]
0 1 2
5
b)
t [s]
[V]
0 1 2
5
c)
3
u(t) u(t)
Hnh 1.10

t [s]
[V]
0 1 2
1
3
u(t)
4
-1
Hnh 1.11

t
e(t)
e(t)
R L
Hnh 1.12
1
[V]
2
e(t)
R L
Hnh 1.13
b)
i
i
i
L
R
C
C
[s]
R
i
L
i
a)
i

Hnh 1.14
19
1.10.Mch in hnh 1.14a) chu tc ng ca
ngun dng i(t) c th hnh 1.14.b).Bit
R=2 , L= 1 H.
a) Tm biu thc u
L
(t), u
R
(t),u(t) v
v th ca chng.
b) Xc nh gi tr U
max
.
c) Tm biu thc ca cng sut tc
thi p(t) ca mch v tnh p(t)
ti cc thi im t
1
=0,25s
;t
2
=0,75s

1.11. Mch in hnh 1.15 chu tc ng ca ngun dng i(t) hnh 1.14.b).Bit
R=10 , C=0,5 F.
a)Tm biu thc u
C
(t), u
R
(t),u(t) v v th ca chng.
b) Xc nh gi tr U
max
.
c)Tm biu thc tc thi ca
cng sut p(t) ca mch v tnh p(t)
ti cc thi im t
1
=0,25s ;t
2
=0,75s

1.12.Tc ng ln mch hnh 1.12
l ngun s c dng hnh 1.16.Bit
R=1 , L=1 H, i
L
(0)=0.Hy xc
nh :
a)i
R
(t),i
L
(t),i(t) v v th
thi gian ca chng.
b) I
max
.
c) Biu thc cng sut tc thi ca mch.

1.13.Cng vi mch hnh 1.12,nhng ngun tc ng l ngun s l tng
e(t)=
<
t khi e
t khi
t
0 2
0 0
2
.
Bit rng i
L
(0)=0 , th i
L
(0,5s)= 1 A , i (0,5s)=1,01A . Xc nh :
a)Tr s ca R , L
b)Biu thc i
R
(t),i
L
(t),i(t) v v th thi gian ca chng.

1.14.Tc ng ln mch RC mc
ni tip l mt xung dng in c
dng hnh 1.17.a). Bit u
C
(0)=0 ,
ti thi im t
1
=1 s in p trn
hai cc ca ngun l u(1s)=10 V,
ti thi im t
2
=2s in p trn
hai cc ca ngun l u(2s)=14 V.
t[s]
[A]
0 0,5 1
2
i(t)
Hnh 1.14
a)
b)

u (t)
u (t)
u(t)
R
C
Hnh 1.15
i(t)
2
t[s]
u(t)[V]
1
-1
Hnh 1.16

t[s]
2
2
a)
0
t[s]
3
2
b)
0
Hnh 1.17
i(t) [A] i(t) [A]

20
Hy xc nh:
a) Tr s ca R v C.
b) Vi cc tr s R,C va xc nh a), tm biu thc ca u(t) v xc
nh u(1s) v u(2s) nu ngun l xung dng in tuyn tnh hnh 1.17.b)

1.15.Cho mch in hnh
1.18.a)
a) Lp phng trnh
vi phn c trng cho mch vi
bin s l i(t) hoc u
L
(t).
b)Bit R=0,5 ; L=1 H
, C= 1F , i
L
(0)=0 ,u
C
(0)=0 ,in
p u
L
(t) c th hnh 1.18b).Xc nh u
R
(t),u
C
(t) , u(t) v i(t) trong khong 0 2s

1.16.Thnh lp phng trnh vi phn cho mch in hnh 1.19 vi cc bin s
khc nhau: u , i
L
v i
C
.

u(t)
0
C
Hnh 1.19
i (t)
i (t)
i (t)
g
Hnh 1.20
R R R
L L L
u(t)
i (t)
4
a
b
c
d
i (t)
i (t)
3
2
1
Hnh 1.21
L R R
u(t)
u (t)
4
a
b
c
d
i (t)
i (t)
i (t) i(t)
3
2
1

1.17. Trong mch in hnh 1.20 hy biu din in p u(t) qua dng i
4
(t) v cc
thng s ca mch .

1.18. Trong mch in hnh 1.21 hy biu din in p u(t) qua in p u
4
(t) v
cc thng s ca mch .

1.19.Mch in hnh 1.22
c:ngun mt chiu
E=10V,C
1
=C
2
=C
3
= 1F,
C
4
=C
5
=C
6
=3F. Hy xc
nh nng lng tch lu
mi in dung.

1.20.Mch in hnh 1.23 c R=R
1
=R
2
=2 ; C
1
=2F , C
2
=1 F , L= 1H. Chng
minh rng.

3
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 1
4 10 10
2 5 2 2
dt
i d
dt
i d
dt
di
i i ) c
dt
i d
dt
di
i u ) b
dt
di
i i ) a
MN
+ + + =
+ + = + =

u (t)
i(t)
L
C
Hnh 1.18
e(t)
R
u (t)
u (t)
t[s]
4
2
u (t) [V]
b)
0
L

Hnh 1.23
C
C C
C C
C
E
1
3 2
4
6 5
R C
C
1
L
1 2
2
i
i i
i
1
2
3 4
M N
Hnh 1.22
i R R

21
1.21. Vi cc nhnh ,vng,nt chn mch in hnh 1.24 hy lp h phng
vi phn cho mch vi bin l:
a)Cac dng in nhnh
b)Cc dng in mch
vng
c)Cc in th nt.

1.22.Vi cc nhnh ,vng,nt
chn mch in hnh 1.24
hy lp h phng trnh trng
thi thng qua ton t nhnh
theo 2 phng php :
a)Dng in mch
vng.
b)in th nt.

1.23. Cho mch in hnh 1.25
vi cc ngun mt chiu E=70V, I
0
=125 mA ,cc in tr R
1
= 0,2 K,
R
2
= R
3
=R
4
= 0,8 K, Tm dng in qua R
3
bng 3 cch :
a) Bng cch bin i cc on mch ng khung (bng ng t nt)
v cc ngun sut in ng tng ng
b) Bng cch s dng nh l my pht in ng tr.
c) Bng cch s dng nguyn l xp chng.
1.24.Dng nguyn l xp chng tm cc dng nhnh c chiu nh xc nh
trn hnh 1.26,bit E
1
=20 V,E
2
=15 V,R
2
=25, R
3
=50, R
4
=120, R
5
=25.

1.25.Mch in hnh 1.27 c I
0
=20mA , E
0
=50V, E
1
=120 V,E
2
=24 V,R
1
=120,
R
2
=50, R
3
=100, R
4
=270.Tm U
ab
bng s dng nguyn l xp chng.

1.26. Tm dng qua R
5
bng s dng nh l ngun tng ng (my pht in
ng tr) trong mch in hnh 1.28 bit R
1
=R
3
=100 ; R
2
=125 ; R
4
=200 ;
R
5
=80 ;E = 100V.

1.27. Cho mch in trong BT 1.26. Tm dng qua R
5
bng s dng nguyn l
Hnh 1.21
1
C
C
C
5
4
4
4
2
2
5
1
1
3

R
R
R R
e
e Vng1
Vng2 Vng3
Vng4
1
2
3
L
L
L
0
0
i

i
0
3
Hnh 1.25
I
R 3
R
R
R
1
4
2
E
E
E
R
R
R
R
1
2
3
5
4
2
i
i
i
i
i
4
5
0
3
2
Hnh 1.26
R
E
R
R
R
4
2
3
1
2
E
E
I
a
0
1
0
Hnh 1.27
b
i1

22
tng h.

1.28.Tm cc dng in nhnh trong mch hnh 1.29 bng phng php in th
nt bit R
1
=25 ; R
2
=R
5
=80 ;R
3
=R
6
=100; R
4
= 40 ; R
7
=20 ;E
1
= 150V;
E
0
=60 V ; E
7
=80 V.

1.29.Tm cc dng in nhnh trong mch hnh 1.30 bng phng php dng
in mch vng bit R
1
=0,1 K;R
2
=R
5
=0,2 K;R
3
=R
6
=0,125 K; R
4
= 0,25K
R
7
=0,1 K ; E
1
= 150 V; E
7
=50 V;I
0
=150 mA.

1.30.Cho mch in hnh 1.31 vi E=100V ,R
1
=29;R
2
=R
5
=40 ;R
3
=R
4
=120;
R
6
=R
7
=60;R
8
= 25 .Tnh cng sut tiu tn trn in tr R
8
.

1.31.Cho mch in hnh 1.32vi R
1
=20; R
2
=R
5
=40 ;R
3
=R
4
=25 ; R
6
=10
,E
1
=50V; E
6
=25V, I
0
=1,25 A. Tnh dng in qua nhnh R
3
bng cch rt gn
mch ch cn li mt vng c cha R
3
.

1.32. Cho mch in hnh 1.33 vi R
2
=R
5
=40 ;R
3
=R
4
=120; R
6
=R
7
=60;
R
8
= 25 .Tnh in tr tng ng u vo ca mch.

1.33.Mch in hnh 1.34 c R
1
=100 , R
2
=120 , R
3
=125 , R
4
=80 ,
E
1
=50 V , E
2
=100 V.Tnh cc dng in nhnh trong mch.

1.34. Cho mch in hnh1.35 bit R
1
=50 , R
2
=R
3
=20 , R
4
=25 ,
R
5
=10 ; cc ngun mt chiu e
1
=10V, e
2
=12V, e
5
=20V,e
0
=3 V. Tm cc
dng in i
2
,i
3
v i
4
bng c hai phng php : dng mch vng v in th nt.
3
4
Hnh 1.28
R
R
R
1
2
E
R
R
5
1
Hnh 1.29
R
3
R
R
R 2 E
E
R
R
4
0
7
5 1
R
6
E
7
1
Hnh 1.30
R
3
R
R
R 2 E
I
R
R
4
0
7
5 1
R
6
E
7

5
6
Hnh 1.31
R
R
R
2
3
E
R
R
8
1
Hnh 1.32
R
3
R
R
2
E
I
R 4
0
5
1
R
6
E
6
Hnh 1.33
1
7
R
4
R
R
5
6
R
R
R
2
3
R
R
8 t
7
R
4
R
R

23
1.35. Cho mch in hnh 1.36. bit cc ngun mt chiu e
1
= 12V ; e
2
=5 V;
e
5
=3 V; I
0
= 4mA; R
1
=0,5k , R
2
=0,4k; R
3
=1,25k; R
4
=1k; R
5
=0,25k; Tm
cc dng in i
2
, i
3
v i
5
bng c hai phng php : dng mch vng v in th
nt.
1.36. Xc nh ch s ca von k l tng trong hnh 1.37 bit E=24 V , r=3 ,
R
1
=11 ,R
2
=14 , R
3
=16 ,R
4
=9

1.37. Xc nh ch s ca Ampe k l tng trong hnh 1.38 bit ngun l tng
E=60 V , R
1
=40 , R
2
=30 , R
3
=20 , R
4
=10 .
1.38.Gii bi tp 1.37. nu ngun s c ni tr l 5 .

1.39.Xc nh ch s ca Mili-Ampe k l tng trong hnh 1.39 bit R
1
=40 K
, R
2
=14,2 K , R
3
=10 K , R
4
=10 K,ngun dng I= 10 mA.

1.40. Mch in hnh 1.40 gi l b suy gim (suy hao)trong mi khu l mt
b phn p. Cho ti c tr s R
0
=600.
a)Chn cc gi tr in tr trong tng khu sao cho in tr u vo ca
tng khu cng l R
0
.
1
Hnh 1.34
R
3
E
E 2
R
4
1
2
R
R
R5
R2 R3
R4
e0
e2
e5
i3
i4
i2
e1
Hnh 1.35
R1
R5
R2 R3
R4
I0
e2
i3
i2
e1
Hnh 1.36
e5
R1

Hnh 1.37
R2
R3 R4
Hnh 1.38
R1
R4
R2
R3
Hnh 1.39
R1
V
E
r
A
E
R2
R3
R4
R1
mA
I

R
1(1)
R
R
R
3(1)
4(1)
2(1)
RV1
R
1(2)
R
R
R
3(2)
4(2)
2(2)
RV2
R
1(n)
R
R
R
3(n)
4(n)
2(n)
RVn
R
t
Un
Un-1
UV
U1
U2
1
2
3
4
Hnh 140

24
b) Vi mch c 3 khu , hy chng minh rng c th thay i suy hao
a=20log(U
vo
/U
ra
) [dB] trong khong 0100 dB

Bi gii-p s - ch dn

1.1. a) u tin cn ghi nh : s c chiu t m
ngun sang dng ngun (hnh 1.41), dng in
mch ngoi c chiu t dng ngun v m ngun ,
nn ; A ,
R r
E
I ; U U R . I r . I E 15 0
0
0
=
+
= + = + =
St p trn ngun U=I.r
0
=0,45V; in p gia 2 cc ca ngun :
U=I.R=1,05=E-U;
b) Gii tng t .

1.2. a) Hnh 1.42.a)
= =
=
+ +
+
=
) r . I E ( U
; A ,
r r r
E E E
I
ab 01 1
03 02 01
3 2 1
5 0

V , ) , ( ) r . I E ( U ; V , . , r . I E U
; V ) . , (
cd bc
5 9 5 0 10 5 19 3 5 0 18
10 4 5 0 12
03 3 02 2
= = = = + = + =
=
b) Nu i chiu ngun E
2
nh hnh 1.42.b)
V ) r . I E ( U
; V ) r . I E ( U ; V ) r . I E ( U ; A
R r r r
E E E
I
cd
bc ab
8
6 4 2
20
40
03 3
02 2 01 1
03 02 01
3 2 1
= =
= = = = = =
+ + +
+ +
=

Du - y cho thy chiu thc ca cc in p ngc vi chiu trn hnh v.

1.3. Mch trn l khng th tn ti trong trc t.Vi cch mc nh vy buc phi
tnh n ni tr cc ngun.Nu cc ngun c ni tr th bi ton tr nn n gin.
1.4. 20 24 0 12 8 16 30 24 0 24 24 0
50
12 24
. , V , . , U ; A , I + = = = =
=
1.5. Khi ngn mch hai cc ngun th W ,
r
E
r I p ;
r
E
I 4 0
0
2
0
2
0
= = = =
Khi mc mch ngoi in tr R th R
) R r (
E
p ;
R r
E
I
2
0
2
0
+
=
+
= .
cng sut ra t max phi chn bin s R thch hp: p
max
th p=0 :
Hnh 1.41
+
_
+
_
U
E
r0
I
R
U

a b c d
+
_
+
_
+
_
Uab Ubc Ucd
I
E1 E2 E3
a)
Hnh 1.42
a b c d
+
_
+
_
+
_
Uab Ubc Ucd
I
E1 E2 E3
b)
R

25

mW W ,
,
r
E
p
r R R r R r R R rR r ) r R ( R ) R r (
Hay
) R r (
) r R ( . R ) R r (
E ' p
r R max
100 1 0
4
4 0
4
0 2 2 2 2
0
2
0
2
0
2 2
0
2 2 2
0 0
2
0
4
0
2
0 2
0
= = = =
= = = + + = + +
=
+
+ +
=
=

1.6. +Vi in p th nht : hnh
1.10. a):

<
+

<
=
t s khi
s t s khi t
s khi t
t khi
) t ( u
2 0
2 1 10 5
1 0 5
0 0
.
th hnh 1.43.a)

i(t)= =
R
) t ( u

<
+

<
t s khi
s t s khi t
s khi t
t khi
2 0
2 1 2
1 0
0 0
.
th hnh 1.43.b)
Cng sut tc thi:
p(t)=R.i
2
(t)= =
R
) t ( u
2

<
+

<
t s khi
s t s khi ) t t (
s khi t
t khi
2 0
2 1 4 4 5
1 0 5
0 0
2
2

th hnh 1.43c
Nng lng tiu tn di dng
nhit nng:

W ,
W
t
dt t dt ) t ( p W
R
67 1
3
5
0
1
3
5 5
3 1
0
2
1
0
= = = =

+Vi in p th hai th
hnh1.10b)
u(t)
t [s]
[V]
0 1
2
5
a)
i(t)
t [s]
[A]
0 1
2
1
b)
p(t)
t [s]
[W]
0 1
2
5
c)
Hnh1.43

u(t)
t [s]
[V]
0 1
2
5
a)
i(t)
t [s]
[A]
0 1
2
1
b)
p(t)
t [s]
[W]
0 1
2
5
c)
Hnh1.44

26

<

<
=
t s khi
s t s khi t
s khi t
t khi
) t ( u
2 0
2 1 5 5
1 0 5
0 0
. th hnh 1.44.a)

<

<
= =
t s khi
s t s khi t
s khi t
t khi
R
) t ( u
) t ( i
2 0
2 1 1
1 0
0 0
th hnh 1.44.b)

<
+

<
= = =
t khi
t khi ) t t (
khi t
t khi
) t ( i . R
R
) t ( u
) t ( p
2 0
2 1 1 2 5
1 0 5
0 0
2
2
2
2
th hnh 1.44.c)

W1,67 W;
+Vi in p th ba th hnh 1.10c)

<
+

<
=
t s khi
s t s khi t
s t s khi
s t khi t
t khi
) t ( u
3 0
3 2 15 5
2 1 5
1 0 5
0 0
; Hnh 1.45a)

<
+

<
=
t s khi
s t s khi t
s t s khi
s t khi t
t khi
) t ( i
3 0
3 2 3
2 1 1
1 0
0 0
; Hnh 1.45b)

<
+

<
=
t s khi
t s khi ) t t (
s t s khi
s t khi t
t khi
) t ( p
3 0
3 2 9 6 5
2 1 5
1 0 5
0 0
2
2
Hnh 1.45c)

W1,67 W;

1.7. in p hnh 1.11. c biu thc gii tch:
t [s]
[V]
0 1 2
5
a)
3
t [s]
[A]
0 1 2
1
b)
3
u(t)
i(t)
t [s]
[V]
0 1 2
5
c)
3
b)
p(t)
Hnh 1.45

27
u(t)=

+

s t s khi t
s t s khi t
s t khi t
4 3 4
3 1 2
1 0
;
1. Trn in tr R=1 :
a)Biu thc dng in :
i
R
(t)=u(t)/R=u(t)/1=

+

S t S khi t
S t S khi t
S t khi t
4 3 4
3 1 2
1 0

th ny vn c dng ging in p nh hnh 1.46.
b)Nng lng to nhit:
W
R
=Q= = =

2
1
2
1
t
t
2 t
t
2
dt
R
U
Rdt i
= + = +
= =
Jun ) t t
t
( dt ) t t (
Jun
t
dt t
3
2
1
3
4 2
3
4 4
3
1
0
1
3
2
3 3
1
2
3 1
0
2

Jun ) t t
t
( dt ) t t (
3
1
3
4
16 4
3
16 8
2
3 4
3
2
= + = +
; Q= Jun
3
4
3
1
3
2
3
1
= + +
2.Trn in cm L(Ch l cng thc (1.4) ) t ( i udt
L
) t ( i
L
t
t
L 0
0
1
+ =

c
thc hin tho mn tnh cht lin tc ca dng in qua in cm).
a) i
L
(t)
+ Vi 0 t 1s
2
0
2
0
1
2 2
0
t
) ( i
t
) ( i udt
L
) t ( i
L L
t
L
= + = + =

v i
L
(0)=0.T i
L
(1S)=0,5
+ Vi 1s t 3s
5 0
1
2
2
1 2 1
1
2
1 1
,
t
t
t
) ( i dt ) t ( ) ( i udt
L
) t ( i
L
t
L
t
L
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ = + + = + =

=
; t
t
, ) , ( t
t
1 2
2
5 0 2 5 0 2
2
2 2
+ = + + + =

(C th kim tra li i
L
(t=1s) theo cng thc ny i
L
(1s)=0,5- ng vi quy lut bin
thin lin tc ca dng qua L.)
Nh vy c i
L
(t=3s)= 5 0
3
1 2
2
2
,
t
t
t
=
=
+
+ Vi 3s t 4s
t [s]
[V]
0 1 2
1
3
u(t)
4
-1
Hnh 1.46

28
5 0
3
4
2
3 4 3
1
2
3 3
,
t
t
t
) ( i dt ) t ( ) s ( i udt
L
) t ( i
L
t
L
t
L
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
= + = + =

8 4
2
5 0 3 4
2
3
4
2
2 2 2
+ = + = t
t
, ) . ( t
t
.
(C th kim tra li i
L
(t=3s) theo cng thc ny i
L
(3s)=0,5- ng vi
quy lut bin thin lin tc ca dng qua L.)
Kt qu c i
L
(t)= = +
) t ( i udt
L
L
t
t
0
0
1
=
+
+

s t s khi t
t
s t s khi t
t
s t khi
t
4 3 8 4
2
3 1 1 2
2
1 0
2
2
2
2

b)Tm quy lut bin thin ca nng lng t trng tch lu trong L.
W
M
(t)= =
2
2
) t ( Li
L

+ +
+ +

s t s khi t t t
t
s t s khi , t t , t
t
s t khi
t
4 3 8 32 12 2
8
3 1 5 0 2 5 2
8
1 0
8
2 3
4
2 3
4
4

c)Tc bin thin ca nng lng t trng chnh l cng sut phn khng:
= =
dt
dW
) t ( p
L
+
+

s t s khi t t
t
s t s khi t t
t
s t khi
t
4 3 32 24 6
2
3 1 2 5 3
2
1 0
2
2
3
2
3
3

3. a) i
C
(t)=C =
dt
du
C

4 3 1
3 1 1
1 0 1
t khi
t khi
t khi

b) Nng lng in trng :
= =
2
2
C
E
u
C W
+
+

4 3 8 4
2
3 1 2 2
2
1 0
2
2
2
2
t khi t
t
t khi t
t
t khi
t

29
c)Tc bin thin ca nng lng in trng chnh l cng sut phn
khng: = =
dt
dW
) t ( p
E
u
C
i
c
=

4 3 4
3 1 2
1 0
t khi t
t khi t
t khi t
.

1.8. Dng in qua R
t sin ,
R
) t ( e
) t ( i
R
400 1 0 = = [A].
th hnh 1.47.b),lp li dng
e(t) hnh 1.47a).
Dng in qua din cm L:
] A [ t cos , t sin
,
) ( i dt ) t ( u
L
) t ( i
t
t
L L
400 1 0 400 10
25 0
1
0
1
0
0
=
= + =
.
th hnh 1.47.c)

1.9

>

<
=
s t khi
s t khi t
khi
) t ( e
1 2
1 0 2
0 0 0

s
s t khi
t khi t
khi
R
e
) t ( i
R
>

<
= =
1 1
1 0
0 0 0

i
R
(0,5)=0,5A; i
R
(0,9)=0,9A; i
R
(1)=1 A; i
R
(1,2)=1 A

> = + = +
= = +
<
= + =

s t khi t
t
t ) ( i dt
) ( i s t Khi t ) ( i tdt
t khi
) t ( i dt ) t ( e
L
) t ( i
t
L
L
t
L
t
t
L L
1 1 2 1
1
2 1 2
1 1 1 0 0 2
0 0
1
1
0
2
0
0

i
L
(0,5)=0,25A; i
L
(0,9)=0,81A; i
L
(1)=1A; i
L
(1,2)=1,4A
i
C
(t)=
>

<
=
1 t Khi 0
1 t 0 khi 1
0 t khi 0
dt
de
C ; i
C
(0,5)=1A; i
C
(0,9)=1A; i
C
(1)=1A; i
R
(1,2)=0;
t

2
3
e(t)
10
[V]
-10
i (t)
0,1
[A]
t
-0,1
R
i (t)
0,1
[A]
-0,1
L
t
t
c)
a)
b)
Hnh 1.47

30
1.10.
+

=
s t s , khi t
s , t khi t
) t ( i
1 5 0 4 4
5 0 0 4

a)
= = ) ( ) ( t Ri t u
R
+

s t s , khi t
s , t khi t
1 5 0 8 8
5 0 0 8
; = =
dt
di
L t u
L
) (

s t s , khi
s , t khi
1 5 0 4
5 0 0 4

u(t)=u
R
(t)+u
L
(t)=
+
+
s t s , khi t
s , t khi t
1 5 0 4 8
5 0 0 4 8

b) U
max
=8V
c) Phng trnh cng sut tiu tn:
p(t)=u(t)i(t)=
+ = +
+ = +
s t s , khi ) t t ( t t
s , t khi ) t ( t t t
1 5 0 1 3 2 16 16 48 32
5 0 0 1 2 16 16 32
2 2
2

p(0,25s)=16 W;p(0,75 s)=- 2 W;

1.11.

+

=
s t s , khi t
s , t khi t
) t ( i
1 5 0 4 4
5 0 0 4

a) u
R
(t)=Ri=
+

=
s t s , khi t
s , t khi t
) t ( i
1 5 0 40 40
5 0 0 40
;

+

=
+ = + + =
+ =
=
=
= =
+ =
+ =
s t s , khi t t
s , t khi t
) t ( u
t t ]
,
t
) t
t
.[(
) , ( u idt
C
) t ( u s t s , Khi
V ) , ( u ;
) ( u
t tdt
,
) t ( u idt
C
) t ( u s , t Khi
: ) t ( u idt
C
) t ( u
C
C
t
,
c
C
C
t
C
t
t
c
C
t
t
c
1 5 0 4 12 4
5 0 0 4
4 12 4 1
5 0
4
2
4
2
5 0
1
1 5 0
1 5 0
0 0
4 4
5 0
1
1
5 0 0
1
2
2
2
2
5 0
2
0
0
0
0
0

u(t)=u(t)+u
C
(t)=
+
+
s t s , khi t t
s , t khi t t
1 5 0 36 28 4
5 0 0 40 4
2
2

b) U
Max
=21V

Hnh 1.48
0
0,5
1
t[s]
u (t)
R
20
1
u(t)
u (t)
C
4
21

31
b) p(t)=u(t)i(t)=

+ +
+
s t s , khi
t t t
s , t khi ) t ( t
1 5 0
144 256 96 16
5 0 0 10 16
2 3
2
;
p(0,25)2,7W;p(0,75)=12,75W
Cc th hnh 1.48
1.12..

=
t s khi
s t khi
) t ( i ) a
t s khi
s t khi
) t ( u
R
2 1
2 0 1
2 1
2 0 1

+ = +
=
= + =

t s khi t ) ( i
t
t
) ( i s t khi t
) t ( i udt
L
) t ( i
L
L
t
t
L L
o
2 4 2
2
2 2 2 0
1
0

+
+
= + =
t s khi t
s t khi t
) t ( i ) t ( i i
L R
2 3
2 0 1

+
= =
=
t s khi t
s t khi t
) t ( i ) t ( u ) t ( p ) d
; i ) b
max
2 3
2 0 1
3
th hnh 1.49.

1.13.

C
L
e
C dt e
L
) t ( i ;
R
e
R
e
) t ( i ) a
t
t
t
L
t
R
+ = + = = =

2
0
2
2
2
1 2

i
L
(0)=0 th hng s
L
C
1
= i
L
(t)= ) e (
L
t 2
1
1

i(t)=
R
e
) e (
L
t
t
2
2
2
1
1

+
Ta c h phng trnh lp t iu kin t
1
=0,5 s
= =
= + =
= =
75 632 0
01 1 1
1 2
5 0
1
1
1 5 0
1
1
1
R `; H , L
; , ) e (
L R
e
) , ( i
) e (
L
) , ( i
L

b) ; e 555 , 1 582 , 1 ) t ( i ); e 1 ( 582 , 1 ) t ( i ; e 0267 , 0 ) t ( i
t 2 t 2
L
t 2
R

= = =

1.14. Hnh 1.14a)
<

= =
t s khi
s t khi R
) t ( Ri ) t ( u ) a
R
2 0
2 0 2

2 t[s]
1
-1
Hnh 1.49
2
3
4
[A]
i(t)
i (t)
i (t)
L
R
0

32

= =
= + =
= + =
+ =
= = = + = =

3 5 0
14
4
2 2
10
2
2 1
2 0
2
2
0 0 2 0
2 2 1
0
0
R ; F , C
C
R ) s ( u
C
R ) s ( u
; t khi
C
t
R ) t ( u
) A U Do ( t khi
C
t
A t
C
idt
C
) t ( u
C
t
C

b) Tc ng hnh 1.17b l i =1,5t khi 0 t 2

= = = + =
= = = =
t
C C C C
R R R
; V ) ( U ; V , ) ( U ; t , ) ( u tdt , ) t ( u
; V ) ( u ; V , ) ( u ; t , ) t ( Ri u
0
2
6 2 5 1 1 5 1 0 5 1 2
9 2 5 4 1 5 4

. V ) ( u ; V ) ( u ; t , t , u 15 2 6 1 5 4 5 1
2
= = + =
1.15. Mch in hnh 1.50.
a) Phng trnh theo nh lut Kieckhop 2: u
R
(t)+u
L
(t)+ u
C
(t)= e(t).
+ Bin s l i(t):
. ) t ( e idt
C di
di
L ) t ( Ri = + +

1
o hm 2 v
phng trnh ny v vit cho gn
Ri+Li+
C
1
i=e
Hay i+2i+
2
0
i=
L
' e

vi =
LC
,
L
R 1
2
0
=
+ Bin l in p u
L
(t): V ) ( I dt u
L
i
L
t
L
0
1
0
+ =

nn
) ( U dt ) ( I dt u
L C
) ( U idt
C
u
C
t
L
t
L C
t
C
0 0
1 1
0
1
0 0 0
+
(
+ = + =

.
Thay i vo u
C
vo phng nh lut Kieckhop 2 :
e ) ( U dt ) ( I dt u
L C
u ) ( I dt u
L
R
C
t
L
t
L L L
t
L
= +
(
+ + +
(
+

0 0
1 1
0
1
0 0 0

Ly o hm bc 2 c 2v phng trnh ny:
" e u u u
dt
e d
u
dt
du
dt
u d
dt
e d
CL
u
dt
u d
dt
du
L
R
L
'
L
' '
L L
L L L L L
= + + = + + = + +
2
0
2
2
2
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
b)Trong khong 02s:
; t ) ( u t idt
C
) t ( u ; t ) t ( u ; t ) ( i dt u
L
) t ( i
C
t
C R L
t
L
2 2
0 0
2 0 2
1
2 4 0
1
= + = = = = + =

) t t ( t t u 2 2 4 2 2
2 2
+ + = + + =
1.16. Phng trnh vit theo nh lut Kieckhop 1 l i
g
+i
L
+i
C
=i
0

u (t)
i(t)
L
C
Hnh 1.50
e(t)
R
u (t)
u (t)

33
Bin s l u(t):

dt
di
C
u
dt
du
dt
u d
c ta
LC
;
C
g
i
hay
dt
di
dt
u d
C
L
u
dt
du
g i
dt
du
C ) ( I udt
L
gu
t
L
0 2
0
2
2
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
2
1
2
0
1

Bin s l i
L
(t):
V
dt
di
gL i ;
dt
i d
LC
dt
du
C i n n
dt
di
L u
L
g
L
C
L
2
2
.Thay vo phng trnh nh
lut Kieckhop 1:
.
i
i
dt
di
dt
i d
hay i
dt
i d
LC i
dt
di
gL
L
L L L
L
L
2
0
0 2
0
2
2
0
2
2
2
Bin s l i
C
(t): V
t
C C C
) ( U dt i
C
u
0
0
1

) ( I dt ) ( U dt i
C L
) ( I udt
L
i ; ) ( U dt i
C
g gu i
L
t
t
C C L
t
L
t
C C g
0 0
1 1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0

Thay vo phng trnh nh lut Kieckhop 1:
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
2
0
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0 0
2
0
1 1
0 0
1 1
0
1
dt
i d
i
dt
di
dt
i d
hay
t d
i d
dt
i d
LC
i
dt
di
C
g
hay
dt
di
dt
di
) ( U dt i
C L
i
C
g
i i ) ( I dt ) ( U dt i
C L
) ( U dt i
C
g
C
L C
C C C C
t
C C C
C L
t
t
C C
t
C C

1.17.
3
4
3
2
3
2
4
2 2
4
4
5
6
dt
i d
R
L
dt
i d
R
L
dt
di
L Ri u u
ad

1.18.
3
4
3
2
2
4
2
2 2 4
4
2 4 2
dt
u d
RLC
dt
u d
) C R LC (
dt
du
)
R
L
RC ( u u u
ad

1.19. Quan h gia in p mt chiu v in dung :
k
k
k k k K
U
q
C Hay U C q .
(q
K
-in tch ). Nng l- ng tch lu in dung C
K
l
2
2
k
k K
U
C W
Hai in dung C
k
v C
l
mc song song th cho in dung t- ng - ng C
kl
=C
K
+C
l
.
Hai in dung C
k
v C
l
mc ni tip th
cho in dung t- ng - ng l
C
kl
=
l k
l k
C C
C C
. T thay th t- ng - ng
t phi sang tri ca mch hnh 1.51
C
C C
C C
C
E
1
3 2
4
6 5
Hnh 1.51
C C C C C
36 356
2356
23456
t

34

F ,
,
. ,
C ; F , , C ; F ,
,
. ,
C
; F , C C C ; F ,
C C
C C
C
td
36
7912 0
7895 4
7895 3
7895 3 3 7895 0 7895 0
1 75 3
1 75 3
75 3 3
4
3
75 0
4
3
23456 2356
5 36 365
6 3
6 3

Nh- vy in tch trong in dung t- ng - ng l : q=E.C
t
=7,912 .
T :
U
C1
= Jun ,
U
C W V ,
C
q
C
3 31
2
912 7
2
1
1 1
1

Jun ,
U
C W ; V , U E U U
C C C C
5396 6
2
088 2
2
4
4 4 1 36524 4
. Jun , W
; V , , , U U ; Jun , W ; ,
C
q
U
, q q ) C v C Qua ( q ; , . , U C q
C
C C C C
2898 0
44 0 648 1 088 2 3589 1 648 1
648 1 264 6 3 088 2
5
365 5 2
2
2
2
4 365 2 2 4 4 4
W , W ; Jun , W ; , , , U ; V ,
C
q
U
, , , q q q q ; , , . C U q
C C
0188 0 0537 0 112 0 328 0 44 0 328 0
328 0 32 1 648 1 32 1 44 0 3
6 3 6
3
3
3
5 2 6 3 5 5 5

1.23.
mA
, , ,
I ; V . , " E
V , . ' E ; K ,
, . ,
R ; mA
, R
E
' I ) a
25
8 0 8 0 16 0
100 56
100 125 8 0
56 16 0 350 16 0
1
8 0 2 0
350
2 0
70
3
12
1
0

(Hnh 1. 22 hnh 1.52 a,b)

i
0
3
Hnh 1.22
I
R 3
R
R
R
1
4
2
E
i
0
3
I
R 3
R
R
4
2
R1
I
0
i
3
R 3
R
4
2 R1
E
E
b) a)
Hnh 1.52

,
, , R
R R
R R
R ; , . , R I ,
R R
E
u ) b
td h
96 0
8 8 16 0 44 8 0 125 8 0
1
70
8 0
4
2 1
2 1
4 0
2 1

(Hnh 1.53a,b)

mA
, , R R
u
i
td
h
25
8 0 96 0
44
3
5

35
818 31 8 0
8 0 8 0 8 0
6 1 8 0
6 1 8 0
2 0
70
0
2
4 3 2
4 3 2 1
31
0
, ,
, , ,
, ,
, . ,
,
R
R R R
) R R //( R R
E
i
I Khi ) c

Khi E=0(Hnh 1.54 a,b)
mA
, , i i i
, ,
, , ,
R
R R
R R
R R
I
i
25
818 56 818 31
818 56 8 0
16 0 8 0 8 0
125
32 31 3
4
2 1
2 1
4 3
0
32

1.24. Mch in hnh 1.23. cho - c bin thnh mch 1.55nh- sau:
+Ln th nht cho E
1
=0, E
2
tc ng: Hnh 1.55 a)
Mch c dng qua R
4
bng 0 .
Mch - c rt
gn: E
2
mc ni tip
vi R
2
ni tip vi
(R
3
//R
5
)
7
100
20 50
20 50
R R
R R
R
5 3
5 3
35
. .
14,28571429 14,3

A 28 0
70
50
38 0
R R
R i
i
A 10 0
70
20
38 0
R R
R i
i
A 38 0
3 39
15
3 14 25
15
R R
e
i
5 3
3 21
51
5 3
5 21
31
35 2
2
21
, ,
, ,
,
, ,
.
.

0
10 0
28 0
41
31 11
51 01
i
, i i
, i i

+Ln th hai cho E
2
=0, E
1
tc ng: Hnh 1.55 b) Mch rt gn l:
Nhnh 1 l e
1
mc // R4 ;R
3
mc ni tip vi (R
2
//R
5
)
R
25
= R
5
//R
2
= 1 11
45
25 20
,
.

0
I
R
R
R
1
4
2
E
i
3
R 3
t
R
b)
a)
Hnh 1.53
u
h
h
u

0
I
R
R
R
1
4
2
E
i
3
R 31
R
R
4
2
R
1
i
3
R
32
b)
a)
Hnh 1.54

Hnh 1.23
i1
i2
i4
i3
R2
R4 R5
R3
e2
e1
b) a)
i5
i11
i21
i41
i31
R2
R5
R3
e2
e1
i1
i2
i4
i3
R2
R4 R5
R3
e1
i5
i51
i01
i0
i02
Hnh 1.55

36

A , i i ; A , i i
A ,
, R R
e
i ; A , ,
R
e
i
18 0
45
25
15 0
45
20
33 0
1 11 50
20
17 0 16666 0
23 52 23 22
25 3
1
32
4
1
42

i
12
=i
32
+i
42
=0,5A;i
02
=i
42
-i
52
=0,17+0,18=0,35A
+Tng li: i
1
=-0,1+0,4=0,4 A; i
2
=0,38-0,15=0,23 A
i
3
=10,1+0,33=0,23 A; i
4
=0,17 A
i
5
=-0,28-0,18=-0,46 A; i
0
=0,28+0,35=0,63 A
1.25. u
ab
54,25V

1.26.
s dng nh l ngun t- ng - ng ct R
5
nh-
hnh 1.56 tm U
ab h mch
:
400
300 100
125
100
4 3 1
4 3 1
2
2
.
R R R
) R R ( R
R
E
i
R
=
V , . .
,
u ; V , . , u ; ,
R R
5 12 100 100
400
5 0
5 62 125 5 0 5 0
200
100
3 2

U
ab
=75V;R
t
=[(R
1
//R
2
)+R
3
]//R
4
=87,5 ;i
5
=0,447A

1.27.
S dng nh l t- ng h ta mc ngun sang nhnh R
5
tm dng qua nhnh
mc ngun nh- mch hnh 1.57
597 , 0
80 5 , 87
100
i ; 5 , 87 R // ] R
R R
R R
[ R
E 4 3
2 1
2 1
td

A , i i i ; ,
,
i
; , R
R ] R
R R
R R
[
,
i
E
44775 0 14925 0 100
225
3358 0
3358 0
597 0
2 5 2
4
4 3
2 1
2 1
3

1.28.
Chn cc nt nh- hnh 1.58 s c h phng
trnh in th nt ca mch nh- sau:

3
4
Hnh 1.57
R
R
R
1
2
E
R
R
5
i
i
i
2
E
5

1
Hnh 1.58
R
3
R
R
R 2 E
E
R
R
4
0
7
5 1
R
6
E
7
0
3
2
1

3
4
Hnh 1.56
R
R
R
1
2
E R
b
a
37

5
0
7
7
1
1
3
7 5 2 1
2
7
1
1
6
0
7
7
3
7
2
7 6 4
1
4
1
1
3
1
2
4
1
4 3 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
R R
E
R
E
)
R R R R
(
R R
R R
E
R
)
R R R
(
R
R
E
R R
)
R R R
(

80
458 14 60
571425 0
40
143 74 97
97 0
100
97
14458 0
80
458 14
54168 1
25
150 97 458 14
458 14 143 74
97 60
25 9
6 4
6
115 0 05 0 04 0
05 0 085 0 025 0
04 0 025 0 075
0
5 41 3
2 1
3 2
1 0
3
2
1
,
i ; A ,
,
i ; A , i
; A ,
,
i ; A ,
,
i
, ; ,
; ;
,
,
, , ,
, , ,
, , ,
A ,
, ,
i
; A ,
,
i ; ,
43005 0
20
80 143 74 458 14
14143 0
100
60 143 74
930725 0
7
6

1.29.. i
1
= 0,541A; i
2
=0,39A; i
3
=0,387A ;
i
4
=0,155A; i
5
=0,233A; i
6
=83,4693 mA;
i
7
= - 71,275 mA
1.30. Tt nhin BT c th s dng phng
php bt k,tuy nhin y s s dng
cng thc bin i sao-tam gic: bin i
on mch u sao thnh u tam gic: t
mch hnh 1.28 cho v hnh 1.59:
300
60
120 60
180
300
60
60 120
180
150
120
60 60
120
7
4 6
4 6 13
6
7 4
7 4 23
4
7 6
7 6 12
.
R
R R
R R ' R
.
R
R R
R R ' R
.
R
R R
R R ' R

333 93
3
280
3
40
80
120
40 40
80
3
5 2
5 2 12
,
.
R
R R
R R ' ' R
2
1
Hnh 1.59
3
R
6
R
4
4
7
R
3
R
R
12
R
1 2
13
23
3
R
2
R
4'
3
5
R
1 2
7
1
Hnh 1.28
R
3
R R
R
2
E
R
R
4
6
8
5
R
R
1
3
2 4'
4
R R
12
R
1
3
23
13

2

38

280
40
120 40
160
280
40
40 120
160
5
3 2
3 2 13
2
5 3
5 3 23
.
R
R R
R R ' ' R
.
R
R R
R R ' ' R

13
23 23
23 23
23
12 12
12 12
12
8 144
280 300
280 300
53 57
333 93 150
3333 93 150
R ,
.
' ' R ' R
' ' R . ' R
R
; ,
,
, .
' ' R ' R
' ' R . ' R
R

T mch hnh 1.59 chuyn sang mch hnh
1.60, xc nh :

3 21
8 144 25
8 144 25
23 8
23 8 12 13 1
1
,
,
, .
R // R
;
)] R // R ( R //[ R R
E
I

51 83 78 8 144
23 8 12 13
, // , ) R // R ( R //[ R

W , . , P ; , ,
,
,
I
, ,
, ,
,
I ; , I
R
9 11 25 69 0 69 0 8 144
25 8 144
809 0
809 0 8 144
83 78 8 144
25 1
25 1
51 29
100
2
8
12 1

1.31 i
3
=0,169 A

1.32. S dng kt qu bi tp1.30 : R
t
80

1.33 . Ph- ng php in th nt s ch cn lp 1 phng
trnh .Chn cc nt nh- hnh 1.61:
1
=E
1
=50V;
2
=E
1
+E
2
=150 V;
3
2 1
2
1
3
2
2
1
3
3 2 1
1 1 1
R
E E
R
E
R R
)
R R R
(
095 0
120
39 61 50
614 0
100
39 61
39 61
02633 0
6167 1
2
1 3
,
,
i
; ,
,
i ; V ,
,
,

3838 2 489 2 875 1
80
150
7088 0
125
39 61 150
2
1 4 3
, i ; , i ; , i ; ,
,
i
E E

1.34.
Vi phng php dng mch vng s c h phng trnh v kt qu:
1
Hnh 1.60
13
R R
R
E
R
R
23
12
8

1
Hnh 1.61
R
3
E
E
2
R
4
1
2
R
R
1
3
2
0

39

06806 0 60404 0 53568 0
55164 0 620 0 01596 0
9
20
22
45 25 20
25 55 20
20 20 90
4 3 2
3 2 1
3
2
1
, i ; , i ; , i
, I ; , I ; , I
I
I
I
V V V
V
V
V

Vi phng php in th nt s c h phng trnh v kt qu:
06806 0 60404 0 53568 0
3
71362 1
7981 13
45 0
26 2
14 0 05 0
05 0 17 0
4 3 2
3
2
1
2
1
, i ; , i ; , i ,
,
,
,
, ,
, ,

1.35.
Vi cc dng mch vng chn nh- hnh 1.62 c h
phng trnh v kt qu:

mA , i
mA , i
mA , i
I
, I
, I
I
I
, ,
, ,
V
V
V
V
V
76512 5
82208 5
82208 9
4
76 1
58 11
14
22
9 2 65 1
65 1 15 2
5
3
2
3
2
1
2
1

Vi phng php in th nt s c h phng trnh v kt qu:

mA , i
mA , i
mA , i
,
,
,
,
,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
76512 5
82206 5
982204 0
44128 4
8363 2
76512 1
36
5 8
5 11
8 6 8 0 2
8 0 3 3 5 2
2 5 2 5 5
5
3
2
3
2
1
3
2
1

1.36. Von k ch 1,6 V

1.37. Ampe k ch 0,6 A

1.38. Ampe k ch 0,48A

1.39.Chuyn mch v hnh 1.63 c
R
1
//R
4
= ; K ,
.
8 0
10 40
10 40

R
2
ni tip (R
1
//R
4
)=14,2+0,8=15K
mA , I ; mA , I
; mA , R
R R
I
I ; mA
.
I
; mA . R
R
I
I
A
2 9 2 3
8 0 6
25
15 10
4 10
15 10
10
15
4
4
4 1
2
1 3
3
2
2

R1
R5
R2 R3
I0
e2
i3
e1
Hnh 1.62
e5
I
I
I
V1
V2
V3
2
1
3

R2
R3
R4
R1
I
IA
I3
I1 I4
I2
Hnh1.63

40
1.40
khu cui th n : y l mt mch cu nn n cn bng khi R
1(n)
.R
t
=R
3(n)
.R
4(n)

Chn R
1(n)
= R
t
=R
0

; R
3(n)
.R
4(n)
=R
2
0
(*)nn dng qua R
2(n)
bng 0 nn

0
4
4 0
0
1
0
4 0
1
1
1
R
R
R R
R
U
U
; R
R R
U
U
) n (
) n ( n
n
) n (
n
n

a
n
(**) dB )
R
R
log(
U
U
log
) n (
n
n
0
4
1
1 20 20
Trong khu cui nu ta thay i R
4(n)
cng vi R
3(n)
sao cho gi nguyn(*)
th c th thay i - c a
n
.in tr vo ca khu n:

0
n 4 ) n ( 3 0
n 4 ) n ( 3 0
0
n 4 ) n ( 3 0
n 4 ) n ( 3 0
2
0
n 4 ) n ( 3 0
n 4 ) n ( 3 0 n 4 ) n ( 3
2
0
0 ) n ( 4 0 ) n ( 3 Vn
R
R R R 2
R R R 2
R
R R R 2
) R R ( R R 2
R R R 2
) R R ( R R R R
) R R //( ) R R ( R

Vi cch mc nh- vy th in tr vo ca khu n lun l R
0

khu n-1: Khu ny c ti l R
0
v ta chn R
1(n-1)
=R
0
s c cu cn bng khi
R
3(n-1)
.R
4(n-1)
=R
2
0
(*) v nh- vy th
)
R
R
1 log( 20 a
0
) 1 n ( 4
1 n

T- ng t khu u tin )
R
R
1 log( 20 a
0
) 1 ( 4
1

V ] dB [ a a .... a a
U
U
....
U
U
U
U
log 20
U
U
log 20 a
n 1 n 2 1
n
1 n
2
1
1
v
n
v

S trn thc cht c dng hnh 1.64 gi l b suy hao tn hiu trn in
tr (magazin in tr). tng khu ta c th tnh ton a
i
thay i suy hao
trong mt khong nht nh . V d vi
3 khu: a
1
(10 100 dB),a
2
(1 10 dB)
,a
3
(0 1dB)-Kt qu ta c th iu
chnh suy hao 0 100 dB qua mi nc
nhy l tng dB.

Ht chng 1
R
0
R R
R3(1)
4(1)
R
0
R3(2)
4(2)
R
R
0
R3(n)
4(n)
R
0
Hnh1.64

41
Ch-ng2
Phn tch mch in hnh sin xc lp

Tm tt l thuyt
ch hnh sin xc lp nh c bin i phc m in p ca mt
nhnh gm 3 thng s mc ni tip R
k
,L
k
,C
k
l dt i
C
1
dt
di
L i R u
k
k
k
k k k k

tr thnh mk
k
mk
Ck Lk k
mk
k
k k
.
I Z
.
I ) Z Z R (
.
I )
C j
L j R (
1
(2.1)
Nh- vy ton t nhnh hnh thc L
k
= dt
C dt
d
L R
k
k k
1
tr thnh tng
tr phc:
Z
K
=R
k
+j L
k
+
k
C j
1
(2.2)
v ton t nhnh o L
-1
k
tr thnh tng dn phc:
Y
K
=1/Z
k
(2.3)
V vy h phng trnh trng thi d dng - c vit dng phc vi s
thay th t- ng ng: u,i,e
. . .
m
.
m
.
m
.
E , I , U hoc E , I , U ; L
kk
, L
kl
Z
kk
, Z
kl
; L
-1
kk
,
L
-1
kl
Y
kk
, Y
kl
.
on mch in thng c c trng bi tng tr phc hoc tng dn
phc:

jb g Y
jX R
I
U
I
U
Z
.
.
m
.
m
.
1 1
. (2.4)
Tng qut th R,X,g,b u l hm ca bin tn s . dc trng cho s ph
thuc vo tn s ca mch ng- i ta - a ra c tnh tn s thng qua hm truyn
t phc T(j )= IT(j )Ie
j ( )
,l t s ca biu din phc ca phn ng trn biu
din phc ca tc ng . th IT(j )I gi l c tnh bin tn s , th ( )
gi l c tnh pha tn s ca mch in .
Cng h- ng l c trng quan trng ca mch in hnh sin .Mch cng
h- ng khi X hoc b=0.Gii phng trnh X hoc b=0 s xc nh - c cc tn s
cng h-ng ca mch . Mch RLC ni tip v song song - c c trng bi cc
tham s tng kt trong bng 2.1
Khi c h cm th in p trn 1 cun cm L
k
s c in p t cm l
j L
k
mk
.
I v cc p h cm ml
kl
.
I M j , tc
1 l
ml
kl
mk mk
.
I M j
.
I j
.
U .Du ca
42
cc in p h cm xc nh theo cc cng tn : nu dng mk
.
I v
ml
.
I cng h- ng
vo hay cng ri cc cc cng tn ca hai cun cm L
k
v L
l
th ly du
+,ngc li - du - .
Bng2.1
Tham s Mch RLC ni tip Mch RLC song song
Tn s cng
h- ng
LC
f ;
LC 2
1 1
0 0

Tr khng
sng
C
L

Hm truyn
t quy
chun
j jQ
) ( jQ
) j ( T
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0

Di thng
Q
,
0
7 0

H s phm
cht
R CR R
L
Q
0
0
1

R
L
R
Lg
CR
g
C
Q
0 0
0
0
1

Tng
tr,tng dn
.
Z=R+j(
C
L
1
) Y=g+j(
L
C
1
)

Bi tp
2.1. Cho cc in p v dng in:
1. u
1
(t)= 220 cos (2 .50t+ 25
0
) [V] 2. u
2
(t)= 60 sin (10
8
t +30
0
) [mV]
3. i
1
(t)=1,25 cos (2 .50t+ 25
0
) [A] 4.i
2
(t)= 100 sin (10
10
t +0,785) [mA]
Hy biu din cc in p v dng in trn sang dng :
a)Bin phc . b)Hiu dng phc.
2.2. Chuyn cc dng in phc sau t dng i s v dng m:

] A [ , j I . ] A [ , j I .
] A [ , j I . ] A [ , j I .
m
.
m
.
m
.
m
.
8868 2 5 4 8868 2 5 3
8868 2 5 2 8868 2 5 1
4 3
2 1

2.3. Cho mch in hnh 2.1.Tm hm truyn t phc dng
m
.
m
.
U
I
) j ( T ri v
c tnh bin tn s v c tnh pha tn s t- ng ng.Gii thch ti sao khi tn
s cc ln( ) th c tnh bin tn s tin ti 0.
43
2.4.Cho mch in hnh 2.2.Tm hm truyn t phc dng
m
.
m
.
U
I
) j ( T ri v
c tnh bin tn s v c tnh pha tn s t- ng ng.Gii thch ti sao khi tn
s bng 0 ( ch mt chiu ) th c tnh bin tn s tin ti 0.
2.5. Trn mt bng in thp sng c ghi 80V- 40W. N c mc ni tip vi
mt cun cm L vo mng in 220V-50Hz nh- hnh 2.3..Hi cun cm L cn
c tr s l bao nhiu bng in sng bnh thng .

2.6.Mt qut in 110V-60W cn cm vo ngun 220V-50Hz.. qut khng b
chy phi mc ni tip qut vi mt t C nh- hnh 2.4. Hi t C cn c tr s l
bao nhiu qut lm vic bnh thng nu coi qut nh- mt in tr thun tiu
tn cng sut 60 W.

2.7.Xc nh ch s ca cc dng c o (l t- ng) cho mch in hnh 2.5 trong
hai trng hp:
a)Ngun tc ng l hnh sin c gi tr hiu dng U=10V,bit tng tr phc ca
mch l Z=
4
2
j
e
b)Ngun tc ng l mt chiu U
0
=10V.

2.8.Xc nh ch s ca cc dng c o (l t- ng) cho mch in hnh 2.6 trong
hai trng hp:
a)Ngun tc ng l hnh sin c gi tr hiu dng U=10V,bit tng tr phc ca
mch l Z=
4
2
j
e
b)Ngun tc ng l mt chiu U
0
=10V.
Hnh 2.1
u(t)
i(t)
R
L
Hnh 2.2
u(t)
i(t)
R
C
Hnh 2.4
i(t)
C
qut
Hnh 2.3
L
bng n
220V
50Hz
220V
50Hz

Hnh 2.5
R
L
Hnh 2.7
C
V
V
A
1
2
Hnh 2.6
C V
V
A
1
2 R L
R
W
V
1
V
2
u(t)
Hnh 2.8
u(t)
R L
C
i(t)
A

44
2.9.Mch in hnh sin hnh 2.7 bit R=2 , L=20 H , C=2 nF , in p tc
ng l u(t) = 12 cos (10
7
t+ 12
0
) [V]. Tnh:
a)Cc thng s ca mch l tn s cng h- ng
0
,tr khng sng , h s phm
cht Q v di thng
0,7
.
b) Biu thc tc thi ca dng in v cc in p trn R,L,C.
c)Ch s ca cc dng c o A , V
1
v V
2
v at k W.
d) V th vect ca mch.

2.10.Mch in hnh sin hnh 2.8 bit R=20 K , L=2 mH , C=0,2 F; dng in
tc ng l i(t) = 10 cos (10
7
t+ 12
0
) [mA] .Tnh:
a)Cc thng s ca mch l tn s cng h- ng
0
,tr khng sng , h s phm
cht Q v di thng
0,7
.
b) Biu thc tc thi ca in p v cc dng in qua R,L,C.
c) V th vect ca mch.

2.11.Mch in hnh 2.9 c X
L
=6 ;X
C
=3 ;R=4 .Von k ch 100 V . xc nh
gi tr hiu dng ca in p tc ng v gc lch pha gia in p v dng in
trong mch.

2.12.Mch in hnh 2.10 c R = 6 ;U=100 V.Trong c hai trng hp ng v
h kho K ampe k u ch 10A.xc nh:
a) Cc tr khng X
L
v X
C
.
b)Xy dng th vect ca mch trong c hai trng hp h v ng kho K.

2.13.Trong mch in hnh 2.11 cng sut tc thi tnh theo biu thc:
] W [ . t 200 cos 5 5 , 2 . t 200 cos S P u(t)i(t) p(t)
Bit in p c biu thc tc thi l u= 2 sin(100t+30
0
). Tm R v L.

2.14.Mch in hnh 2.12 c dng in i
C
(t)=10 cos(10
4
t+30
0
) [mA] v tng dn
phc ca mch Y=0,01+j0,02
a)Tm biu thc tc thi ca i
R
(t) ,i(t) v u(t).
b) tn s no th dng qua R v C c bin nh- nhau.
u(t)
Hnh 2.9
L
C
Hnh 2.10
R
X
u(t)
V
X
Hnh 2.11
R
L
u(t)
C
K
u(t)
i(t)
R
L
Hnh 2.12
R
C
i(t)

45
2.15.Cho mch in hnh 1.13 bit i
L
=2 2 cos(5.10
3
t) , W
M max
= 8.10
-3
Jun;
W
E max
=16.10
-3
Jun.
a) Xc nh cc tham s R,L,C.
b) Tm cc dng i
R
(t),i
C
(t),i(t).

2.16.Trong mch in hnh 1.14 khi ng cng nh- h kho K cc dng c o
u ch t- ng ng U=120 V, I=10 A.Bit R=15 .
a) Xc nh X
L
, X
C
.
b) Xy dng th vect ca mch trong c hai trng hp ng v h
kho K

2.17.Ot k trong mch hnh 1.15 ch 200W, Ampe k A
1
ch 10 A, Ampe k A
2

ch 10 A , Ampe k A
3
ch 1,34 A.Tm R,X
L
,X
C
.(ch dn: V th vect
tnh cho tin) .
2.18. Mch in hnh 2.16.bit , j Z , V j
.
E , V j
.
E 2 2 2 2 10
1
2 1

Z
2
=2- j2 , Z
3
= -j2 , Z
4
= j2 , Z
5
=j4 .Tnh gi tr tc thi ca dng
qua nhnh Z
5
.

2.19 . Dng dnh l Theveneen-Norton tnh in p tc thi u
ab
(t) trong mch
hnh2.17. bit 0
.
I =1A , Z
1
=j ;Z
2
=1+j , Z
3
= 2-j , Z
4
= 1-j , 2
.
E =2j V

2.20.Cc dng c o trn hnh 2.18 ch nh- sau: V ch 173 V , V
1
ch 100 V , V
2
ch 100V , A ch 10A. Hy xc nh :
a) R, R
1
, X
L
.
b)Cng sut tiu tn trn R.
Hnh 2.13
R
C
i(t) L
R
C
L
Hnh 2.14
A
V
R
C
L
A
W
Hnh 2.15
A
A
1
2
3
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
1 2
3
4
5
1
.
E 2
.
E
Hnh 2.16
K

Hnh 2.18
R
L
Z
Z
Z
Z
1
4
2
3
0
.
I
2
.
E
Hnh 2.17
V
V
A
V
2
1
R
1
1
R
R
C
u
Hnh 2.19
2
.
I
.
I
.
U
C
.
U
1
.
I
R
.
U
L
.
U
Hnh 2.20
a b
I
I
I
1
2

46
2.21. Trong mch in hnh 21.9 bit X
C
=R v dng in qua hai nhnh c cng
tr s hiu dng.Hy xy dng th vect ca mch,t xc nh gc lch pha
gia in p v dng in trong mch.

2.22 .Hy tm mch ng vi th vect trnh by trn hnh 2.20.

2.23. Cc dng c o trn mch hnh 2.21 ch t- ng ng U=200V, I=17,9 A,
I
1
=I
2
=20A. Hy xc nh :
a) X
C
,R,X
L
b) Cng sut tiu tn trong mch.

2.24. Cho on mch in hnh 2.22 ch hnh sin xc lp . Bit R=10 ,
u(t)=40 sin(300t-45
0
) [V]
i(t)=3sin(300t-70
0
) [A]
a)Tm gi tr ca in dung C (tnh bng n v F )v in cm L(tnh bng n
v mH).
b)Tm cng sut tiu tn trn in tr R.

2.25 .Cho on mch in hnh 2.23 ch hnh sin xc lp . Bit: R=8 ,
u(t)=80 sin(500t-72
0
) [V]
i(t)= 3 sin(500t - 45
0
) [A]
a)Tm gi tr ca in dung C (tnh bng n v F )v in cm L(tnh bng n
v mH).
b)Tm cng sut tiu tn trn in tr R.
2.26. Cho mch in hnh 2.24 bit R
1
=12,8 , R=4 , X
L
=4 ,X
C
=6 .
a) Tm tr s v tnh cht ca X
1
mch t cng h- ng ni tip.
b)Tm cng xut tiu tn trong mch nu in p tc ng c tr hiu dng l
50V(khi cng h- ng ).

2.27. Cho mch in hnh 2.25 bit R
1
=12,8 ,X
C1
=2,4 ; R=4 , X
L
=4 ,
X
C2
=6 .Cng sut tiu tn trong mch l P=2000 W.Tm tr s hiu dng ca
cc dng in trong mch v ca in p tc ng.

2.28. Mch in hnh 2.26 lm vic tn s =10
5
rad/s.Bit U
C1
=5 V , C
1
=10 F ,
C
2
=5 F , R=1 , L=20 H.Tm tr s hiu dng ca cc i l- ng U , I , I
1
, I
2
.
Hnh 2.21
C
L
R
C
L
Hnh 2.22
A
R
2
V
A
A
1
u(t)
i(t)
X
X
Hnh 2.24
R
u
X R1
1
L
C
C
L
Hnh 2.25
R
U
C
2
1
I
I
I
2
1
C
Hnh 2.23
R
u(t)
i(t)
L
R
1

47
2.29. Cho
mch in hnh
2.27
a) Chng
minh rng tn
s cng h- ng
ca mch c
th - c biu
din bi cng thc sau:

LC
,
C
L
vi
R
1
1
0
2
0 01

b)Chng minh rng hm truyn t phc ca mch c th - c biu din bi
cng thc :
R
L
d vi
jd
.
U
.
U
) j ( T
m
m
0
0
2
0
1
2
1
1

c) V nh tnh dng c tnh bin tn s ca mch v gii thch ti sao
c tnh li c dng nh- vy.
d) Cho L=10 mH , C=0,64 F , R=156,25 , tnh cc tn s
0
v
01
.
e) Vi s liu cho d) ,tnh hm truyn ti tn s
0
v
01
.
f) Bit in p tc ng l u
1
(t)= 15 cos(7500 t +30
0
).Tm gi tr tc thi ca
dng in i
R
(t).
a) Chng minh rng tn s cng h- ng ca mch c th - c biu din bi
cng thc sau:
LC
,
C
L
vi
R
1
1
0
2
0
01

b) Chng minh rng hm truyn t phc ca mch c th - c biu din
bi cng thc :
CR
d vi
jd
.
U
.
U
) j ( T
m
m
0
0
2
0
1
2 1
1
1

c)V nh tnh dng c tnh bin tn s ca mch v gii thch ti sao c
tnh li c dng nh- vy.
d)Cho L=20 mH , C=20 nF , R=1667 , tnh cc tn s
0
v
01
.
e)Vi s liu cho d) ,tnh hm truyn ti tn s
0
v
01
.
f)Bit in p tc ng l u
1
(t)= 25 cos(62500 t +30
0
).Tm gi tr tc thi ca
dng in i
R
(t).

Hnh 2.28
L
R
C 1
.
U 2
.
U L
Hnh 2.27
R
C
1
.
U 2
.
U
C
R
C
.
U
Hnh 2.26
1
2
L
I
I
I
2
1

48
a) Chng minh rng tn s cng
h- ng ca mch c th - c biu
din bi cng thc sau:

LC
,
C
L
vi
r
L
1
1
0
2
0 01

b) Chng minh rng hm truyn t phc ca mch c th - c biu din
bi cng thc :
. Cr d ,
LC
vi
jd
.
I
.
I
) j ( T
L
m
Lm
0 0
0
2
0
1
1
1

c)V nh tnh dng c tnh bin tn s ca mch v gii thch ti sao c
tnh li c dng nh- vy
d)Cho L=20 mH , C=20 nF , r
L
=600 , tnh cc tn s
0
v
01
.
e)Vi s liu cho d) ,tnh hm truyn ti tn s
0
v
01
.
f)Bit dng in tc ng l i(t)= 25 cos( 50 000 t +30
0
) mA .Tm gi tr tc
thi ca dng in i
L
(t).

a) Chng minh rng tn s cng h- ng ca mch c th - c biu din bi
cng thc sau:

LC
,
C
L
vi
r
r
C
L
1
1
1
0
2
2
0 01

b) Chng minh rng khi cng h- ng th tng dn ca mch g
C L
r r
nu
>> r
L
v r
C
.

2.33. Cho mch in hnh 2.31.
1.Phn tch xem mch c th c nhng tn s cng h- ng no? Cng thc ca
chng?
2. Chng minh rng nu r
a
v r
b
<< X
La
,X
Lb
v X
C
th:
-Ti tn s cng h- ng ni tip
a
nt
CL
1
tng tr u vo ca mch
Z(
nt
) r
a

C
L
r
Hnh 2.30
Hnh 2.31
C L
r
r
L c
i(t)
i (t)
L
Hnh 2.29
C
L
r
r
b a
La
b
L

49
-Ti tn s cng h- ng song song
) L L ( C
b a
ss
1
tng tr u vo
ca mch Z(
ss
)
b a
b
r r
L
2
ss
.
3. Cho L
a
=16 H , L
b
=9 H ,C=2,5 nF ,r
a
= 4 ; r
b
= 1 .
a) Tnh cc tn s cng h- ng trn.
b) Tnh tng tr u vo ca mch ti cc tn s ny.
c) Tnh cc dng in trong mch ti cc tn s cng h- ng trn nu in p vo
c gi tr hiu dng l 20 V.Gii thch ti sao tr s ca dng khi cng h- ng ni
tip v song song li c khc bit ln nh- vy?

1.Phn tch xem mch c th c nhng tn s cng h- ng no? Cng thc ca
chng?
2. Cho L=64 H , L=41 H ,C=2,5 nF , R= 50 .
a) Tnh cc tn s cng h- ng ca mch.
b) Tnh cc dng n tc thi trong mch ti tn s cng h- ng ni tip nu in
p tc ng c bin 25 V v gc pha u l 25
0
.

1.Phn tch xem mch c th c nhng tn s cng h- ng no?Cng thc ca
chng?
2. Cho L=25 mH , C=1,6 F , C=0,9 F , R= 50 .
a) Tnh cc tn s cng h- ng ca mch.
b) Tnh cc dng n tc thi trong mch ti tn s cng h- ng ni tip nu in
p tc ng c bin 20 V v gc pha u l 50
0
.
2.36.Trong mach in hnh hinh 2.34 bit R
1
=5 , R
2
= 6 ;X
2
= 8 , X
3
=10
, I
3
=10 A.Tnh U , I
1
, I
2
, P .

2.37. Mach in hnh hinh 2.35 c R
1
=2 , R
2
= 5 ;R
3
= 10 ,X
1
= 8 ,
X
2
= 5 , X
3
=10 , U
MN
=20V. Tnh I
1
, I
2
, I
3
,U v P .

2.38. Von k trong mch in hnh 2.36 ch 30V. Tnh I
1
, I
2
, I
3
, U v P
L
Hnh 2.34
R
C
L
Hnh 2.35
R
C
L
C
Hnh 2.32
R
X
X
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
I
I
I
U
Hnh 2.33
R
X
X
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
I
I
I
R
R
R
3
U
M
N
X
1

50
, bit rng R
1
= 3 ,
R
2
= 1 ; R
3
= 2 ,
X
1
= X
2
= 2 , X
3
=6
.

2.39. Mch in hnh
2.37 ang lm vic tn
s cng h- ng =5000 rad/s . Cc ng h o ch U=30 V , I =225 mA ,
I
2
=275 mA. Xc nh gi tr R,L v C.

2.40. Mch in hnh 2.38 bit X
L
=5 ,X
C
= 10 ,R = 15 ,U=100 V.
a)Tnh gi tr ca r mch cng h- ng .
b) Cc dng in trong mch khi cng h- ng.

2.41. Mch in hnh 2.39 lm vic trng thi cng h- ng ,khi tng tr c tr
s 0,8 .Bit R=4 .Tnh X
L
v X
C
.

2.42.Mch in hnh 2.40 c U=50 V,R=25 , L=2mH , L=0,4mH , C=1 F
.Hy xc nh:
a)Cc tn s cng h- ng ca mch.
b)Dng in trong cc nhnh ca mch khi cng h- ng ni tip .
c)Khi L=0 ,hy tm hm truyn t phc m Lm
.
U /
.
U ) j ( T v xy dng th
c tnh bin tn s ca mch v xc nh di thng t- ng ng ca n.

2.43.Mch in hnh 2.41 lm vic trng thi cng h- ng ,c U=40 V,
U
L
=30 V , U
C
=50 V, cng sut tiu tn P=200 W.Xc nh R , X
L
,X
C
.

2.44.Mch in hnh 2.42 lm vic trng thi cng h- ng ,bit I
L
=5 A , I
C
=4 A,
cng sut tiu tn P=80 W.Xc nh R , X
L
,X
C
.

2.45. Vi mch in hnh 2.43:
a) Tm biu thc tn s cng h- ng ca mch .
X
Hnh 2.36
R
X
L
Hnh 2.37
R
C
X
Hnh 2.38
R
L
U
r
U
R
3
3
1
2
2
3
2
1
I
I
I
V
A
V
I
I
2
1
R
A
C
I
1

Hnh2.43
C
Hnh2.39
R
L
Hnh2.42
R
C
L
U
R
C
Z()
0
L
U
Hnh2.40
R
L
C
U
Hnh2.41
R
C
L
R
1
.
U
2
.
U
L

51
b) Biu thc hm truyn t phc T(j )=
1
2
.
U
.
U

c) V nh tnh dng c tnh bin tn s trn.

2.46. Vi mch in hnh 2.44:
a) Tm biu thc tn s cng h- ng ca mch .
b) Biu thc hm truyn t phc T(j )=
1
2
.
U
.
U

c) V nh tnh dng c tnh bin tn s trn.
2.47. Tm cng thc tn s cng h- ng song song trong mch hnh 2.45 a,b

2.48 Hnh 2.46 l mt bin p c tn hao ch khng ti.in p tc ng
U
1
=10 V, Ampe k 1 ch I
1
= 2 A ,Ot k 1 ch 12 W,Von k ch 6 V.
1.Tm ch s ca Ampe k 2 v Ot k 2.
2. Gi tr R,X,X
M
.
3.Gc lch gia U
1
v U
2
.
4.Ch s ca cc dng c o s ra sao khi i u cun s cp (U
1
vn gi nguyn
10V)
2.49.Mch inhnh 2.47. c U=120 V, R
1
=6 , R
2
=8 ,L
1
= L
2
= 15mH ,
M= 5mH.
a)Vi gi tr no ca C th mch in ny c cng h- ng ton phn tn s
0,5 Khz.
b)Xc nh dng in trong mch khi cng h- ng .

2.50. Mch inhnh 2.48. c X
M
=1 , X
L2
- X
C2
= 4 ,R
2
=3 . Hy xc nh
tng tr (tr khng) phn nh t mch vng th cp sang mch vng s cp.

2.51. Mch inhnh 2.48. c R
1
=R
2
= 1 , L
1
=2 mH , L
2
= 1 mH , M =0,4 mH
,C
1
= 4 F , C
2
=20 F , in p tc ng U
1
= 50V,tn s tn hiu tc ng
= 5 000 rad/s Hy xc nh dng in mch s cp v mch th cp.
Hnh 2.45
R C
L
Hnh 2.46 Hnh 2.44
X
R
1
.
U
2
.
U
R
C
R
L L
a) b)
2
.
U 1
.
U
X
X
A W
A W
R
1 1
2 2
V
M
C
R
L
C

52
2.52.Trong mch in hnh 2.49. cn nh du cc cng tn nh- th no v h s
ghp k bng bao nhiu dng qua C

bng 0 nu U
1
=10 V, R=1 , L
1
=2 ,
L
2
=1 ,
C
1
=2 .Lc dng qua L
2
bng bao nhiu?

2.53.Cho mch in hnh 2.50. Hy lp h phng trnh dng in nhnh v dng
in mch vng cho mch ny dng biu din phc vi c 2 vng u chn
thun chiu kim ng h.

2.54. Mch in hnh 2.51 c E=100 V , R
0
= 30 ,R
2
=R
3
= 10 , X
1
= 180 ,
X
2
=280 , X
M
=40 , X
3
= 130 . Hy xc nh:
a) Gi tr hiu ca cc dng in trong
mch khi ng cu dao K
b) in p U
ab
khi ngt cu dao K.
2.55.Mch in hnh 2.52 c
.
U=200 V,
L
1
= L
2
=140 , M=60 , R=30 . Hy
xc nh cc dng in v in p trn R
bng 2 cch :
a) Lp trc tip h phng trnh dng mch
vng cho mch c h cm .
b)Bin i bin p vi cc im t- ng ng
abc v s hnh T tng ng .

2.56. Trong mch in hnh 2.53. bit E=120 V , R
0
= R
1
= R
2
= 20 ,
X
0
=X
2
= 40 ,X
C
=60 ,X
M
= 20 . Xc nh I
0
, I
1
, I
2
, U
R2
,P
tng
.

2.57. Mch in hnh 2.54 bit E=100 V , R
1
=2 , X
L1
=10 , X
L2
= 9 ,
X
C
=8 ,X
M
= 6 .
a) Vi gi tr no ca R th trong mch pht sinh cng h- ng ?
b) Xc nh I
1
, I
2
, P
tng
.

2.58.Mch in hnh 2.55 c e(t)=15 cos(2 .800t) V , C=10 F ,L
1
=L
2
=4 mH ,
R
1
=R
2
=200 .
L
Hnh 2.50
.
U
R
L
M
C
R
1
1
2
1
2
I
Hnh 2.49
R .
U
R
1 2
Hnh 2.47
L L
2 1
M
C
1
C
2
Hnh 2.48
1
R
1
.
U
C
R
3
M
M
M
2
1
3
L L
L
3 1
2
R
1
.
U
C
R
M
L
L
1
2
2
R

Hnh 2.51
0
R
.
E
R
2
X
M
X X
X
2
1
3
R
3
K
a
b

53
a) Cn nh du cc cng tn nh- th no v h s ghp k bng bao nhiu
mch pht sinh cng h- ng .
b) Tnh cc dng in trong mch khi cng h- ng .

2.59. Mch in hnh 2.56 c L
1
=4 H, L
2
=2 H , C=1 F ,h s ghp k=
2
1
.hy
xc nh tn s cng h- ng ca mch

2.60. Mch in hnh 2.57. c : R
1
=10 , L
1
=0,02 H , C
1
= 100 F , R
2
=10
,L
2
=0,04 H M=0,03 H , R
t
= 100 , C
t
= 10 F .n p trn ti R
t
c biu thc
u
t
= 10 2 sin 1000t. Tm biu thc tc thi ca ngun e(t).

Bi gii-p s- ch dn
2.1. 1. V e , e
.
U ; V e
.
U
j j j
m
0 0 0
25 25
1
25
1 5635 155
2
220
220
2. V e , e
.
U ; V e
.
U
j j j
m
0 0 0
30 30
2
30
2 4264 42
2
60
60
1
.
U
R
M
L
L
1
2
a
c
b
Hnh 2.52
.
E
L L
2 1
C
R
R
1
Hnh 2.54
.
I
.
I
.
I
1
2
Hnh 2.53
0
R
.
E
R
2
X
M
X X
X
2
0
c
R
1
.
I
.
I
.
I
0
1
2

1
R
.
E
R
2
C
Hnh 2.55
1
.
U
C
M
L
L
1
2
.
E
L L
2 1
C
R R
1
Hnh 2.57
L
1
M
Hnh 2.56
t
C
Rt
2
M

54
3. A e , e
,
.
I ; A e ,
.
I
j j j
m
0 0 0
25 25
1
25
1 8839 0
2
24 1
25 1
4. mA e , e
.
I ; mA e e
.
I
, j , j
j
, j
m
785 0 785 0
4
785 0
2 71 70
2
100
100 100
2.2.

A e , e , , j I .
A e , e , , j I .
A e , e , , j I .
A e , e , , j I .
j
j
m
.
j
j
m
.
j
j
m
.
j
j
m
.
6
30
4
6
7
210
3
6
5
150
2
6
30
1
7735 5 7735 5 8868 2 5 4
7735 5 7735 5 8868 2 5 3
7735 5 7735 5 8868 2 5 2
7735 5 7735 5 8868 2 5 1
0
0
0
0

2.5. Hnh 2.58

; A , I ; R
R R
U
P

5 0
160
80
160
80
40
2
2

H , L
L . , R L I
.
U
.
U U
L
3 1
160 50 2 5 0 220
2 2 2 2 2
2.6. Hnh 2.59

; A ,
,
I
; , R
R R
U
P
Q
Q
Q Q
Q
Q
5454 0
67 201
110
67 201
110
60
2
2

F , C
,
C . .
,
R
C
I
.
U
.
U
Q
Q C
11 9
67 201
50 2
1
5454 0
1
220
2
2
2
2

2.7. Hnh 2.60
a) 2 5
2
10
I -ch s ca Ampe k.
Hnh 2.58
L
bng n

Hnh 2.59
i(t)
C
qut

Hnh 2.60
R
L
V
V
A
1
2

55
Z=
L
jX R j ) sin j (cos 1
4 4
2 .
V
1
ch RI=5 2 , V
2
ch X
L
I=5 2 .
b) V
2
ch 0 v X
L
=0 ,V
1
ch 10 , A ch 10.

2.8. Hnh 2.61.
a) 2 5
2
10
I -ch s ca Ampe k.
Z=
L
jX R j ) sin j (cos 1
4 4
2 .
V
2
ch RI=5 2 , V
1
ch X
C
I=5 2 .
b) V
1
ch 10 V,V
2
ch 0 , A ch 0 v
C
1
.

2.9. Hnh 2.62.
A ) , t cos( , ) t ( i
e ,
e
e
.
I
e j
) ( j )
. .
. . ( j
)
C
L ( j R Z ; e
.
U ) b
. s / rad
.
Q
;
R
Q ;
.
.
, s / rad .
. . .
) a
, j
, j
j
m
, j
j
m
,
0 7
23 77
23 89
12
23 89
9 7
6 7
12
5
6
0
7 0
9
6
6
9 6
0
23 77 10 08 0
08 0
150
12
150 150 2
50 200 2
10 2 10
1
10 20 10 2
1
12
10
50
10 5
50 100 000 10
10 2
10 20
10 5
10 2 10 20
1
0
0
0
0
0
V ) , t cos( ) t ( u e e , . j
.
U
V ) , t cos( , ) t ( u e , e , .
.
U
L
, j , j
Lm
R
, j , j
m R
0 7 77 12 23 77
0 7 23 77 23 77
77 12 10 16 16 08 0 200
23 77 10 16 0 16 0 08 0 2
0 0
0 0

V ) , t cos( ) t ( u e e , j
.
U
C
, j , j
Cm
0 7 23 167 23 77
23 167 10 4 4 08 50
0 0

c) Ch s cc dng c o:
Hnh 2.61
C V
V
A
1
2 R

Hnh 2.62
C
L
R
W
V
1
V
2
A
+1 UR
UC
UPK
UL
Hnh 2.63

56
Ampe k ch : ; A ,
,
05657 0
2
08 0

Von k V
1
ch : 0,05657 V ,38 2 50 2
2 2
.
Von k V
2
: 0,05657.150=8,48 V.
Ot k ch 2.(0,05657)
2
=0,0064 W=6,4 mW.
Ghi ch : Ot k o cng sut ca mt on mch gm hai cun dy: mt
cun o dng (mc ni tip),cun kia o in p
( mc song song ).
d) th vect hnh 2.63.

2.10. Ch dn: p dng thun tu cc cng thc
trong l thuyt cho mch RLC song song .

2.11.

0
74 73
87 36
87 36
100
20
0
0
,
; e
.
U
; e
.
I
i u Z
, j
, j

2.12. Hnh 2.64 .X
L
=8 ;X
C
=16 ; th vect hnh 2.65.

2.13.
. t 200 cos 5 5 , 2 ) t 2 cos( I U P ) t 2 cos( I U
2
1
) cos( I U
2
1
) t ( sin I ) t sin( U u(t)i(t) p(t)
i u
S
m m i u m m
i u m m i m u m

V u= 2 sin(100t+30
0
) ,
u
=30
0

u
+
j
=0
j
=-30
0
;
P=2,5=UI cos(
u
-
j
)=U.Icos60
0

. mH 73 , 1 H 00173 , 0
100
01 , 0
25
1
L ;
L 100 1 , 0
1
5
Z
U
I ; 1 , 0
25
5 , 2
I
P
R ; 5
60 cos
2
2
5 , 2
60 cos U
P
I
2
2 2
2
0
0

2.14. Hnh 2.66. Y=0,01+j0,02=g+jb
C

U
U
I
R
U
U
U
I
L
R +U
C
U
L
+U
C
Hnh 2.65
Hnh 2.64
R
L
u(t)
C
K

57
V ) t cos( , ) t ( u ; e ,
, j
e
.
U ; e
.
I ) a
j
j
m
j
Cm
0 4 60
30 2
30 2
60 10 5 0 5 0
02 0
10
10
0
0
0

mA ) t cos( ) t ( i ; e . e , . ,
.
U g
.
I
R
j j
m Rm
0 4 60 3 60
60 10 5 10 5 5 0 01 0
0 0

0 0 0
43 3 60 30
18 11 67 0 16 11 33 4 5 2 5 66 8 5 10
, j j j
Cm Rm
m
e , , j , , j , j , e e
.
I
.
I
.
I
s / rad
. .
R ) b 5000
10 2
1
100
6

2.15. Hnh 2.67

mH
) (
. .
I
W
L
I
L W ; s / rad . ) a
mL
max M
mL
max M
2
2 2
10 8 2 2
2
10 5
2
3
2
2
3

; F F .
) (
. .
U
W
C
;
U
C W
e L j . I U
m
Em
m
E
j
mL
.
m
.
40 10 4
2 20
10 16 2 2
2
2 20
5
2
3
2
2
90
0

) t . sin( ) t ( i
; e Y . U I ; e , , j , )
L
C ( j g Y
t . sin e . . . . U C j
Z
U
I
) t . cos( ) t ( i
); t . cos( ) t . sin( ) t ( u ) b
I
P
R ; R I P
j
m
.
m
.
i
) ( j
m
.
C
m
.
mC
.
R
0 3
135 45
3 180 5 3
0 3
0 3 0 3
2
2
135 10 5 4
4 2 1 0 1 0 1 0
1
10 5 2 4 10 4 10 5 2 20
90 10 5 2 2
90 10 5 2 20 90 10 5 2 20
10
4
40
0 0
0

2.16. Hnh 2.68 a)
Khi h kho K c phng trnh:
20
1 1
120 10
1
2 2
L
L
. . .
X
X R
Y U I )
X
j g ( U U Y I
L

0
37
067 0
05 0
1
,
,
arctg
g
X
tg arc
L
Y

u(t)
Hnh 2.66
R
C
i(t)

Hnh 2.67
R
C
i(t) L

58
Khi ng kho K c phng trnh : )
X
1
X
1
( j g [ U U Y I
L C
. . .

2
L C
2
)
X
1
X
1
( g 120 10 hay X
C
=10 .
0
L Cg
Y
37
066 , 0
05 , 0 1 , 0
g
X
1
X
1
tg arc

b) th vc t trong hai trng hp trn
hnh 2.69 a,b(coi vet U c gc pha l 0)

2.17. Hnh 2.70.
V )]
X X
( j g [ U I I I I
L C
.
L
.
C
.
R
. .
1 1
nn
cc dng in trn phi tho mn th vect hnh 2.71,sao cho C L R
.
I v
.
I ,
.
I ,
.
I
lp thnh tam gic vung .
A I
, I
) I I ( I I
R
R
L C R
5
66 8 10
2
2
2 2

Ot k ch cng sut tiu tn
trn R:
32
5
800
2 2
2
R
R
I
P
R R I P ;
V . R . I U
R
160 5 32
120 16
C
C
L
L
I
U
X ;
I
U
X

2.18.Hnh 2.72. Mch ny c th gii bng nhiu
cch.
a) tm dng qua Z
5
tin li hn c l s
dng nh l Theveneen-Norton hoc n gin
hn l ta bin i mch ch cn 1 vng c cha
Z
5
nh sau:
Hnh 2.69 th vect b) Khi h kho K
c)Khi ng kho K
I
IL
Ig U
37
0
I
IC
Ig U
37
0
IL
+IC IL
a)
b)
R
C
L
Hnh 2.68
A
V
K

I
U
IR
+IC
IL
IC
IL
Hnh 2.71
5
10
1,34
R
C
L
A
W
Hnh 2.70
A
A
1
2
3

Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
1 2
3
4
5
1
.
E 2
.
E
Hnh 2.72

59

10 1 2
2 2 2
1 2 2
1 5 2
2
1
5
1 2
10
13 01 13
01
Z . I ' E ); j (
j j
) j ( . j
Z
); j ( ,
j
j
) j (
j
I

2 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 2
1 2 2
1
1
1 2
1 2
24 02
j j ) j ( " E ); j (
j j
) j ( . j
Z ; j
j
j
) j (
) j (
I

) , t cos( , ) , t cos( , ) t ( i ; e ,
, j ,
j ) j )( j (
) j (
j
j
j
j j j
j
I
, j 0 0
5
46 54
5
46 54 04 3 46 54 2 15 2 15 2
75 1 25 1
4
7 5
4
1 6
1 2
6
4 4
2 12
2 2 2 2 4
2 12
0

b) Hoc lp h phng trnh dng mch vng : chn 3 vng thun chiu kim ng h
s cho cc s liu sau :

8 48 8 8 40 2 2 2 2 10 2 2
2 2 2 0
2 0 2
0 10 2
1 16 16 16 8 8 4 2 2
2 2 0
2 4 2
0 2 2
2 2
0
10
2 2 0
2 4 2
0 2 2
2
3
2
1
j j ) j ( j j j
) j (
j j
j
) j ( j j . .
j
j j j
j
) j (
j
I
I
I
j
j j j
j
.
.
.

T ) , t cos( , i ; e , , j ,
) j (
j
.
I
.
I
, j
V
0
5
46 54
5 2 46 54 2 15 2 15 2 75 1 25 1
1 16
8 48 0

2.19. Hnh 2.73.

Ct mch im a-b s tnh
- c:
V
Z Z
Z
.
E
.
I Z
.
E
j
Z Z
Z Z
Z Z
td
td
1
1
4 2
4 2
0
1
4 2
4 2
1

- a mch v hnh 2.74 theo nh l ngun t- ng - ng:

0 0
43 153 43 153
3
3
745 0
3
5
3
2
3
2
, j , j
td
td
ab e , e
j j
Z Z
Z
.
U
.
U
Z
Z
3
t
.
E
Hnh 2.73
a
b
t
Z
Z
Z
Z
1
4
2
3
0
.
I
2
.
E
Hnh 2.74
a b

60
2.20. Hnh 2.75
;
I
U
R 10
1
1

L
L
L
L
X ) R R (
X R
X ) R R ( I U
X R I U
2 2
1
2 2
2 2
1
2 2
2
10 173
10 100

W . P
; , X ; R
X ) R (
X R
L
L
L
500 5 100
66 8 5
173 10
100
2 2 2
2 2

2.21. Hnh 2.76
R=X
C
;I
1
=I
2
;Hnh 2.77:X
C
=R nn U
R
ng
pha I
2
,U
C
chm pha 90
0
v 2 vc t ny tr
s nh- nhau, U chm pha 45
0
so vi I
2
;I
1

ng pha U,I
2
ng pha U
R
nn tng vect
l I .

2.22.

th vect hnh 2.78 ng
vi mch hnh 2. 79.

2.23 Hnh 2.80.

100 10 10
2 2
2
2 2
1
L L
C
X R ;
I
U
X R ;
I
U
X ) a
8 6 17 11
20 200
10 10
9 17
200
9 17
200
2
2 2 2
2 2
R ; X ,
X
.
,
Hay
,
X X X X R
X R X
) X jX R
) jX R ( jX
I
U
Z
L
L
C L
C L
L
C
C L
L c

; W R . I P ) b 3200 8 20
2
2
2

Hnh 2.75
R
L
V
V
A
V
1
R
1

Hnh 2.77
UR
U
C
U
I2
I1
I
1
R
R
C
u
Hnh 2.76
I
I
I
1
2

Hnh 2.79
j
+1
I2
C2
I1
R
L
C1
I
I I
I
U
U
U
U
1
2
R
C
L
Hnh 2.78

Hnh 2.80
C
L
R
A
2
V
A
A
1

61
2.24. Hnh 2.81.

2 2 2
25 45 70
1
1 1
1
1
1
1 1
031696 0 067973 0 075 0
40
3
0
R C
) CR j ( C j
L j CR j
C j
L j
C j
R
L j
jb g , j , e , e Y ) a
j ) ( j

)
R C
C
L
( j
R C
R C
R C
C j
L
j
R C
R C
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
1
1
1 1
1
1

Cn bng phn thc v phn o:

. , F . ,
) gR ( R
g
C
); gR ( R C R C g R C g
R C
R C
, g
6 485 10 6 485
1
1
1
067973 0
6
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2

mH , H ,
b
R C
C
L
); b
R C
C
(
L R C
C
L
b
54 42 04254 0
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2

b) 8643 6 10 10 , j jX Z
C RC

P=UI
RC
cos
RC
= W , )
,
arcctg cos(
,
cos
Z
U
RC
RC
378 54
10
8643 6
8643 6 10
2
40
2 2
2
2

Hoc: W , . , P ; ,
,
I
R
378 54 10 2319 2 2319 2
8643 6 10 2
40
2
2 2

2.25. Hnh 2.82.
Lm t- ng t nh BT 2.24
mH , H ,
,
R
g
R
L ) a 5 28 0285 0 64
02995 0
8
500
1 1
2

F F . ,
) , . (
, ,
) L ( R
L b
C 152 10 518 1
0285 0 500 64
0285 0
500
02257 0
4
2 2 2

2.26. Hnh 2.83.
a) 4 2 2 7
6 4 4
4 4 6
6 4 4 , j ,
j j
) j ( j
Z ; j Z ; j Z
LRC C LR

C
L
Hnh 2.81
R
u(t)
i(t)

C
Hnh 2.82
R
u(t)
i(t)
L

X
X
Hnh 2.83
R
u
X R1
1
L
C

62
. m c tnh mang , X 4 2
1

b) Khi cng h- ng Z=R
1
+Re[Z
RLC
]=12,8+7,2=20 . P= W 125
20
50
2

2.27. Hnh 2.84.
a) Tnh t- ng t nh- bi trn

Z=12,8-j2,4+7,2-j2,4=20-j4,8
P=I
2
.20=2000 I=10 [A]
] A [ ,
.
jX jX R
IX
I
] A [ ,
jX jX R
jX R I
I
C L
C
C L
L
41 13
20
6 10
64 12
20
32 10
2
2
2
2
2

U=I ] V [ , , Z 68 205 8 4 20 10
2 2

2.28. Hnh 2.85.

2 1 2
1
3
2
2 1
j L j R Z ; j
C j
Z ; j Z
C C

; j Z I U ; j Z ; j
Z
U
I
. .
C
.
.
20 15 3 4 5
1
1
A I ; A , I
V , U ; j ) j ( j Z I U ; V U
. .
10 18 11
36 22 500 20 10 2 4 5 25 20 15
3 2
2 2
2
2 2
2.29. Hnh 2.86.
a)
)
R C
( C C vi
C j
L j
CR
R
) C
CR
( j
L j
CR
R
CR
R C (
j
L j
CR
R
CR
CR
j L j
CR
R
CR j
R
L j Z
td
td
2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
1

0
1
1 1
1
2
CR
C
L
C
L T .
)
C
L ( j r Z Hay
td
td

C
L
Hnh 2.84
R
U
C
2
1
I
I
I
2
1
R
1

C
R
C
.
U
Hnh 2.85
1
2
L
I
I
I
2
1

L
R
C 1
.
U 2
.
U
Hnh 2.86

63

LC
vi
R LC
R
: c
1
1
1
0
2
0
2
01

Nh- vy mch cng h- ng ni tip tn s
01
.Nu R>> th
01

0
.
R
L
d ;
LC
vi
jd
R
L j
R
L j
LC
R
) CR j ( L j
Z
Z
) Z Z ( I
Z I
U
U
) j ( T ) b
RC
L
RC L
RC
.
.
.
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0 0

c) th c tnh bin tn s
2
0
2
2
0
1
1
) ( d ) (
) j ( T .
v - c c tnh trn cn kho st hm s.Nu kho st ta thy hm c cc
i ti :
m
=
2
2
0
5 0 1
R
, .Nu <<R th
m

0

T cng thc trn ta c :

khi
khi
jd
khi
) j ( T
0
1
0 1
0

Hy nhn vo mch in hnh 2.86 gii thch th (theo quan h in p
vo-ra) cc tn s va xt trn.
T c th hnh 2.87 vi
0

m

01
d) = 125 ;
0
=125 00 rad/s ;
01
=7500 rad/s
e)
0
90
0
3
25 1 25 1
1
8 0
25 156
10 10 12500
j
e , , j
jd
) j ( T ; ,
,
. .
d

0
0
0
0
64
64
2
2
0
37
37
2
01
0
01
01
364 1
733 0
82456 0 8 0 82456 0 1
1
307 10
307 10 5 0 1
25 1
8 0 48 0 64 0
1
6 0 8 0 6 0 1
1
6 0
500 12
00 5 7
j
j
m
m
j
j
e ,
,
e
, . , j ,
) j ( T ) j ( T
s / rad
R
,
e ,
,
e
, j ,
, . , j ,
) j ( T
,

) j ( T
1
d
1
Hnh 2.87
0
m

64
f) Vi u
1
(t)= 15 cos(7500 t +30
0
), tc mch cng tc tn s
0
nn:

) t cos( , ) t ( i
e ,
,
e ,
I ; e , e , . e U
;
e
U
U
U
e , , j
jd
) j ( T
R
j
j
R
j j j
m
j
m
m
m j
. .
.
.
.
0
60
60
60 90 30
2
30
2
1
2 90
0
60 7500 12 0
12 0
25 156
75 18
75 18 25 1 15
15
25 1 25 1
1
0
0
0 0 0
0
0

2.30. Ch dn :Thc hin t- ng t nh- BT 2.29

2.31.Vi mch song song hnh 2.88 ta c :

2
0
2 2
01
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 1 2 1
1
1
0
1 1
L L L
L L
L
L
r
L
Cr L
LC
CL
Cr L
L r
L
C b
jb g
L r
L
j C j
L r
r
L r
L j r
C j
L j r
C j Y Y Y ; L j r Z ;
C j
Z ) a
L
L L L

b)
0
0 2
1
1
1
1
1
1
L
L
C
LR LR C
C
m
.
Lm
.
Cr j LC
C j ) L j r (
Z
Z Z Z
Z
I
I
) j ( T

LC
; Cr d vi
jd
L
1
1
1
0 0
0
2
0

c) th c tnh bin tn s cng c dng hnh 2.87 v cng dng hm
truyn t.
d) Vi L=20 mH , C=20 nF ; r
L
=600
mA e , I
e
I
I
I
e , ) j ( T ) f
e ,
, j ,
, . , j ,
) j ( T ,
e ,
,
j
. . . j
jd
) j ( T ) e
; s / rad ; ; s / rad
j
Lm
j
Lm
m
.
Lm
j
, j
j
.
. .
0
0
0
0
0
60
30
90
0
13 53
2
01
0
01
90
9
0
01
6
0
675 41
25
667 1
667 1
48 0 36 0
1
8 0 6 0 8 0 1
1
8 0
667 1
6 0
600 10 20 000 50
1 1
000 40 1000 000 50
20
10

C
L
r
i(t)
i (t)
L
Hnh 2.88
L

65
2.32. Hnh 2.89 : y l mch LC song song tnh n tn hao ca chng.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
L r
L j
L r
r
L j r
Y
;
C
r
C j
C
r
r
C j
r
Y
L L
C C
L
L
c
C
)
L r
L
C
r
C
( j
L r
r
C
r
r
jb g Y
L
C
L
C
L C
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1

Cho b=
2
2
2
2
1
1
L r
L
C
r
C
L
C
= 0 ;

2 2
2 2
0 01
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
01
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 1
1
1
1
1
C
L
C
L
C
L
C
L
L C
L
C
L
C
r
r
r
r
LC
r
C
L
r
LC LCr L
r
r LCr L
L r
L
]
C
r [ C
L r
L
C
r
C

Thay
01
vo g:

2
01
2
2
01
2
1
L r
r
C
r
r
g
L
L c
C
.Thc hin 2 bin i :

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
1
1
1
1
01
C
L
C
L
C
L
r
r
r
r
)
r
(
)
r
(
LC
L
L

;
r
r
)
r
(
)
r
(
)
r
(
)
r
(
LC
C
C
C
L
C
L
C
L
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
01
1
1
1
1
1
1

Hnh 2.89
C
r
r
L c

66

2 2 4
2 2
2 2 4
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 C L
C L L
L
L C c
C
L
L
L
L
C
c
r r
r r r
r r
) r r r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
g
C
C

2 2 2 4
2
C L
C L
C L
C L C L C L
r r
r r
r r
) r r ( r r ) r r (

2.33. Hnh 2.90
1. Mch c 2 tn s cng h- ng :
+Tn s cng h- ng ni tip
C L
a
nt
1

+Tn s cng h- g song song
C ) L L (
b a
ss
1

2. Tht vy:
b b a a
b b a a
L j r
C j
L j r
) L j r )(
C j
L j r (
Z
1
1

a
b
b a
b b a
b b a
a
nt
r
L j
L j . r
L j r r
) L j r ( r
Z
C L
: tip ni ng - h cng Khi
1

Khi cng h- ng song song :
C ) L L (
b a
ss
1

b a
b ss
b a
b b b a
b a
b b b b a a
r r
L
r r
) L j r )( L j r (
r r
) L j r )( L j L j
C j
L j r (
Z
2 2
1

2.34. Hnh 2.91. 1. Mch c tn s cng h- ng song song
LC
ss
1

Mch c tn s cng h- ng ni tip :

);
C
L
C
L
' L ( j R
C j
L j
C j
L j
' L j R Z
1 1
1

' L L
' LL
L ;
C L
' CLL
' L L
C
' L
' LL
C
L
;
C
L
C
L
' L
td
td
nt
1
0
1
2

2. a) ; s / rad . ,
. , . .
ss
6
9 6
10 5 2
10 5 2 10 64
1

s / rad .
. , . .
; H
.
L
nt td
6
8 6
10 4
10 5 2 10 25
1
25
41 64
41 64

Hnh 2.90
C
L
r
r
b a
La
b

67

; e , I I I
; e U ; R ) ( Z ) b
j
' mL
.
mR
.
m
.
j
m
.
nt
0
0
25
25
5 0
25 50

; j
) ( j
. ,
C j
L j
C
L
Z
LC
164
100 256
10 6 25
1
3

0
0 0
0
0 0
155
8 6
90 25
25
9 6 90 25
32 0
10 64 10 4
164 5 0
82 0
10 5 2 10 4 164 5 0
j
j . j
mL
.
j
j . j
mC
.
e ,
. . . j
. e e ,
I ; e ,
. , . . j . e e , I

2.35. Hnh 2.92.Thc hin t- ng t nh- BT2.34.
1. Mch c tn s cng h- ng song song
LC
ss
1

Mch c tn s cng h- ng ni tip :

C ' C C ;
LC
: nitip ng - h cng s Tn
td
td
1
0

2.Tmh t- ng t nh- bi 2.34.

2.36. Hnh 2.93. Coi i
3
c pha bng 0:
10 6 8
6 8
100
600 800
8 6
100
100 10 10 10
2 2
2
2
23
2
3
3 23 3
I
j
j
j
j
Z
U
I
; j j . jX . I U ; A I
.
.
. . .

A , I
; j j I I I
. . .
32 6 40 36 4
6 2 6 8 10 3 2

W . . , P P P Hay W ) arctg cos( . , . cos UI P
; V U ; j Z . I U ; j
j j
) j ( j
Z
R R Z
. .
800 6 10 5 32 6 800
20
5
32 6 130
130 130 10 130 10 5 20
10 8 6
8 6 10
5
2 2
2 1
2 2

2.37. Hnh2.94
2 6
10 10 5 5
1 10 1 5
10 10 5 5 8 2
3 2 23 3 2 1
j
j j
) j ( ) j .(
Z // Z Z ; j Z ; j Z ; j Z
Biu din cc dng khc qua 1 dng no ,v d qua dng I
3
:
L
R
C
L
Hnh 2.91

L
R
C
C
Hnh 2.92

Hnh 2.93
R
X
X
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
I
I
I
R U
23
U

68

3
3
2
23
2
3
3
3 23
2
1 5
1 10
1 10
.
.
. .
.
. . .
I j
) j (
) j ( I
Z
U
I
; ) j ( I Z I U

By gi coi u
MN
c pha bng 0:
A , A I ; e I j I
; A , I ; e j I
I ) j ( ) j ( I ) R j R ( I
R I j R I R I R I U
j
. .
j
.
. . .
. . . .
MN
.
82 2 2 2 2 2 2
41 1 2 2 1
20 1 10 10 10 2
2
2
135
3 2
3
45
3
3 3
2 3
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
0
0
; A , I ; e e . e ) j ( I I I I
, j , j j
. . . .
16 3 10 10 5 2 2 1
1
43 108 43 63 45
3 3 2 1
0 0 0
W R I R I R I P
; V , , . U ; e j j j Z
, j
80
6 31 16 3 10 10 6 8 2 6 8 2
3
2
3 2
2
2 1
2
1
87 36
0

2.38. Hnh 2.95
Ch dn : Gii t- ng t nh- bi
2.37,biu din cc dng qua 3
.
I - c:
I
3
=5A ,
I
2
=5 A , I ; A , 18 11 5 5 142 14 8
1
;
U=56 V ; P=625 W

2.39. Hnh 8.96.
; , R
,
,
R
: ) ( vo ) ( Thay
) (
,
) L ( R
) (
,
U
I
) L ( R
R
Y
) (
) L ( R
L
C
) L ( R
L
C
)
) L ( R
L
C ( j
) L ( R
R
) L ( R
L j R
C j
L j R
C j Y
26 89
30
225 0
275 0
30
2 3
3
275 0
30
2
30
225 0
1 0
1
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2

; mH , H , L
,
,
) ( vo R Thay 5 12 0125 0
5000
26 89
275 0
30
3
2
2

Hnh 2.94
R
X
X
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
I
I
I
R
R
3
U
M
N
X
1

X
Hnh 2.95
R
X
R
X
U
R
3
3
1
2
2
3
2
1
I
I
I
V

Hnh 2.96
C
A
V
I
I
2
1
R
A
I

65
Khi cng h- ng :

6 1
20
32
4 16
2 16
2
16
4
8 0
2 2
2
2
2
2 2
2
,
.
X R
X R
X
;
L
X
X
X
X R
RX
, Z
L
L
C
L
L
L
L
CH

2.42 .
Mch in hnh 2.82. Xem BT 2.34.
a)
ss
=5.10
4
rad/s ;
nt
=54 772 rad/s

b)
A , I
; A , I ; A I I I
C
L ' L R
95 11
9 9 2

c)Khi L=0 mch c dng hnh 2.83:
L
R
,
LC
;
) ( j
) LC ( j
L
R
Z
R Z R
Z
.
U
.
U
) j ( T ;
) LC ( j
L
C j
L j
C j
. L j
Z
LC
LC
LC
m
Lm
LC
2
1
1
2 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
0
2
0

Cch 1:
Cng sut tiu tn trn in tr R - c tnh theo cng thc
R
U
R
U
P
2
2
R C
.T 5 , 12
200
50
P
U
R
2
2
C
.
Tng tr ca mch :
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
C
C
L
C
C
C
C
L
C
C
C
C
L
X R
X R
X X ;
X R
RX
r
jX r
X R
X jR
jX
X R
RX
jX R
jRX
jX Z

T iu kin cng h- ng c X = 0 nn Z=r . T ta thy cng sut c
th tnh theo cng thc
r
U
P
2
.Vi U=40 V,P=200 W,
2 2
2
5 12
5 12
C
C
X ,
X ,
r s tnh
- c X
C
16,67 .
Thay gi tr ca X
C
v R vo iu kin X=0 tm - c X
L
6 .
Hnh 2.81
R
L
C

L
L
C
U
Hnh 2.82
L
L
C
U
Hnh 2.83

66
Cch 2 : C th xy dng
th vect nh- hnh 2.84.b)
tnh nh- sau:

V RC
.
L
. .
U U U nn 3
vect in p ny lp thnh 1
tam gic vung vi gc lch pha
gia dng in v in p
.
U
RC
l
ZRC
- c xy dng nh- sau:
)
R
X
tg arc ( j
C j
RC
C
C
C
C
RC
C
C
ZLC
e
X R
R X
e Z
jX R
R jX
jX R
R jX
C // R Z
0
90
2 2

0 0 0
13 53 86 36
50
30
90 , tg
R
X
, arcsin
R
X
arctg
C C
Z
RC

Cng t iu kin cng h- ng nh- trn ta c R=12,5 nn
X
C
=R.tg53,13
0
16,67 . T xc nh X
L
6 nh- trn.

2.44..Hnh 2.85.
T iu kin trn c
2
L
I . R P nn xc nh - c R=3,2
Cn li cn xc nh X
L
v X
C
nn cn lp h 2 phng
trnh : Ph- ng trnh th nht t iu kin cng h- ng :
Tng dn ca mch
) ( X X X R
X R
X
X
b
R
L
RLC
L
R
L R
R
g
jb g )
X R
X
X
( j
X R
R
Y
C L L
L
L
C
L
L
C L
1 0
1
1
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
0
2 2
0
2
2 2 2 2

Ph- ng trnh th 2 lp t iu kin hai nhnh cng in p:
I
L
C C L
X I X R
2 2

(2)
Thay I
L
,I
C
,R vo (1) v 2 s tnh - c X
C
6,6 , X
L
4,26 .

2.45. Vi mch in hnh 2.86.
a)Mch c tn s cng h- ng song song xc nh t
Z=r+jX vi X=0
L j )
C j
R (
L j )
C j
R (
Z ;
C j
R Z
LRC RC
1
1
1

RC Z
UL
30V
UC
50
Hnh 2.84
U
40V
R
L
C
U
I
a)
b)

C
L
U
Hnh 2.85

R
C
L
Hnh 2.86
R
1
.
U
2
.
U

67
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
)
C
L ( R
)]
C
L (
C
L
LR [ j
)
C
L ( R
)
C
L ( LR
C
L
R
)
C j
L ( R
)]
C
L ( j R )[
C
L
LR j (
)
C
L ( j R
C
L
LR j

;
)
C
L ( R
)]
C
L (
C
L
LR [
X ;
)
C
L ( R
)
C
L ( LR
C
L
R
' R r
;
)
C j
L ( R
)]
C
L (
C
L
LR [ j
)
C j
L ( R
)
C
L ( LR
C
L
R
' R Z ' R Z
LRC
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2

T X=0 s tm - c tn s cng h- ng
LC
;
R
1
1
0
2
2
0
01
.
b) Biu thc hm truyn t phc:
LR j
C
L
)]
C
L ( j R [ ' R
LR j
C
L
)
C
L ( j R
LR j
C
L
' R
)
C
L ( j R
LR j
C
L
Z ' R
Z
.
U
.
U
) j ( T
LRC
LRC
1
1
1
1
2
' C
j ' L j r
LR j
' R
C
j ) ' R R ( L j
C
L
R ' R
LR j
C
L
LR j
C
L
C
' R
j L ' jR R ' R
LR j
C
L
1 1
2

Vi k hiu
' R
C
' C ; ) ' R R ( L ' L ;r= RR+
2
th
) j ( T ) j ( T
)] ( jQ ( r
LR j
)
' C
' L ( j r
LR j
) j ( T
2 1
02
02
2 2
1
1

)
' R
R
( LC
' C ' L
;
r
' L
Q Vi
1
1 1
02
02

02
Hnh 2.87
3
2
1

68

) j ( T ) j ( T ) j ( T
) ( Q
) j ( T
) ( jQ
) j ( T
) LR (
r
) j ( T ) LR j (
r
) j ( T
2 1 2
2 02
02
2
2
02
02
2
2 4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1 1

Nh vy c th dng th ) j ( T
1
v ) j ( T
2
nh- hnh 2.87 ng vi cc
- ng cong 1v 2 ;t c th - ng cong 3 nhn c t tch hai
- ng cong 1 v 2.

2.46. Mch in hnh 2.88:
Chia mch lm hai on , s c on mch bc tr v BT 2.30 nn:
Z=R+Z
bc
=R+
L j R
R . L j
C j
1
=
; jX r )
C L R
LR
( j
L R
R . L
' R
L R
) L j R ( R . L j
C j
' R
X
r

1
1
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2

Cho X =0 s tm - c tn s cng h- ng l:

LC
,
C
L
vi
R
1
1
0
2
0
01
.
b)
LR j
L j R
)
C j
' R (
Z
Z
L j R
LR j
C j
' R
L j R
LR j
Z
Z
) j ( T
RL RL
1
1
1
1

0
2
2
0
0
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
1
1
jd
R
' R
)
CR
L
' R (
L j R
' R
)
CR L
' R
(
j R
' R
CR j L j
' R
R
' R
)
L j R
)(
C j
' R (

;
R
' R
CR
L
' R " R ;
L
" R
d ;
LC
Vi
2
0
1

R C
L
Hnh 2.88
1
.
U
2
.
U
R
a
b
c

69

2
0
2
2
2
0
1
1
d
R
' R
) j ( T
Khi =
0
th
2
2
0
1
d
R
' R
) j ( T
Khi th
R
' R
) j ( T
1
1
0

Khi 0 th 0
0
) j ( T
Phn tch nh- vy dng - c th hnh
2.89

2.47 Mch hnh 2.90.)tm tng dn Y ca
mch mch bng tng i s cc tng dn ca 3
nhnh:
' L
)
C
L (
b ,
R
g Vi
jb g
' L j
)
C
L ( j
g Y
1
1
1 1
1
1
1

Bin i b v dng *
CL
;
) ' L L ( C
Vi
) ( ' L
b
nt ss
nt
ss
1 1
1
1

(* cng thc tn s cng h- ng t- ng t nh BT2.33)
Mch hnh 2.90. thc hin t- ng t tm cc tn s cng h- ng song song v
ni tip.

2.48.. Hnh 2.91
1. V cun th cp h ti nn I
2
=0, Ampe
k 2 v Ot k 2 ch 0
2. mch s cp ta c :
L X R
I
U
Z
;
I
P
R ; R . I P
2 2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
5
2
10
3
4
12

0
Hnh 2.89
T(j )
2
2
1
d
R
' R
R
' R
1
1
0

Hnh 2.90
C
R
L L
a) b)
C
R
L
C

Hnh 2.91
X
R
2
.
U 1
.
U
X
X
A W
A W
R
1 1
2 2
V
M

70
; X
L
4 9 25
mch th cp th
; X ; I X U
M M
3
2
6
6
1 2

3. Gc lch pha ca 2 in p:
;
) ( j
e
) arctg ( j
e
j
e
Z
U
I ; e U
j
.
.
j
.
0
1
1
1
1 1
53
1
2
3
4
5
10
4 3
10
10
1
1

) ( j
e
) ( j
e
) ( j
e . j I jX U
.
M
.
0
1
0 0 0
1 2
37
6
90 53
1
6
53
1
2 3

2
=
1
+37
0
.
( th vect hnh 2.92)
4.Nu i u cun s cp m gi nguyn U
1
=10V th ch s cc ng h s
khng thay i.

2.49. Hnh 2.93
Vi mch in ch c mt vng :
F C Hz
C ) M L L ( f
f
fC j
) M L L ( f j R R
C j
) M L L ( j R R ) a
5 500
2 2
1
2
1
2 2
1
2
2 1
0
2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1

b) I=8,6A
2.50. Hnh 2.94.i mch th cp :
2
1
2
Z
.
I Z
.
I
M

Vi mch s cp:
) Z Z ( I )
Z
Z
Z ( I
Z
I Z
I Z I Z I Z U
pa
.
M
.
.
M
. .
M
. .
1 1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2 1
1
1

2 2
2
1 1
2
2 1
2
1
1 1 1 1
1
1
jX R
) M j (
jX R
)
C
L ( j R
) M j (
)
C
L ( j R Z Z
pa

37
53
0
0
Hnh 2.92
1
.
U
2
.
U
1
.
I

L
.
U
R
L
M
C
R
1
2
1
2
I
Hnh 2.93

R
.
U
R
1 2
L L
2 1
M
C
1
C
2
Hnh 2.94

71
16 0 12 0
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
1
1 1
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
1
,
X R
X M
X ; ,
X R
R M
R
jX R
X R
X M
j
X R
R M
X R
) jX R ( ) M j (
jX R
) M j (
Z
pa pa
pa pa pa

2.51. Mch inhnh 2.94
2 5 1
1
40 1
1
2
2 2 2
1
1 1 1
j M j Z ; j )
C
L ( j R Z ; j )
C
L ( j R Z
M

Ly hai vng thun chiu kim ng h s c h phng trnh :
; A , I ; j ); j ( ; j
;
I ) j ( I j I Z I Z
I j I ) j ( I Z I Z U
.
. . . .
M
. . .
M
. .
528 1 120 5 1 60 45 195
5 1 2 0
2 40 1 60
1
1
2 1
2 1 2
2
1
2 1 2 1
1 1

A ,
j
j
I
.
615 0
45 195
120
2
2

2.52.
K hiu cc dng in nh- trn hnh 2.95hn 2 vng thun chiu kim ng
h v lp h 3 phng trnh dng nhnh cho tin:
; I I I
; I ) jX R ( I jX I jX
I jX I jX I jX I ) jX R ( E
. . .
.
C
.
L
.
M
.
M
.
M
.
L
.
L
.
3 2 1
3 2
2
1
2 1 2
2
1
1
0
c I
3
=0 th 2 1
. .
I I (theo nh luth Kickhp1)
v U
L2
=0 theo nh lut m:
1 2
2
12
.
M
.
L
.
I jX I jX U =0
c iu cn ly du - trong phng trnh trn ,tc cun cun
ng- c chi nhau .Nh- vy cc cng tn s ni vi im chung ca 2 cun.
L
2
= M=1 = k 1 2 1 2
1
2
2
1 2 1
k . k ) L ( ) L ( k L L

2
1
k =0,707.
Thay vo phng trnh th nht trong h trn s tnh - c:

A I I ); j (
j
I I
. .
2 5 1 5
1
10
2 1
2 1
2.53.Cho mch in hnh 2.96
tin k hiu cc tng tr :
; M j Z ; L j R Z ;
C j
L j R Z ; L j R Z
M 1 1 2 3 3
2
2 2 2 1 1 1
1

Hnh 2.95
E
M
3 I
.
1 I
.
2 I
.
R
R
L1
L2
C

72
3 3 2 2
M j Z ; M j Z
M M

H ph-ng trnh dng in nhnh :
0
8
2
3
7
3
3
6
1
2
5
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
4
3
3
3
3
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1

.
I Z
.
I Z
.
I Z
.
I Z
.
I Z
.
I . Z
.
U
.
I Z
.
I Z
.
I Z
.
I Z
.
I Z
.
I . Z
M M M M
M M M M

Ch : Vic lp h phng trnh phi thm vo
cc phng trnh cc in p h cm vi du thch hp
Trong ph-ng trnh th nht: hai thnh phn u l cc in p t cm ,bn thnh
phn tip l cc in p h cm :
(1) l in p h cm trn cun L
2
(thuc vng 1)do dng nhnh I
1
chy qua
L
1
mc vng sang L
2
to nn.in p ny cng chiu vi in p t cm trn cun
L
2
v 2 dng chy vo 2 cc cng tn(cc cc cng tn nh du bng du chm
m hoc du sao).Chiu mch vng cng chiu dng I
2
nn in p ny ly du
+.
1
2
chy qua
L
2
mc vng sang L
1
to nn .in p ny cng chiu vi in p t cm trn
cun L
1
v 2 dng chy vo 2 cc cng tn.Chiu mch vng cng chiu dng I
1

nn in p ny ly du +.
1
3
chy qua
L
3
mc vng sang L
1
to nn.in p ny ng- c chiu vi in p t cm trn
cun L
1
v 2 dng chy vo 2 cc khc tn.Chiu mch vng cng chiu dng I
1

nn in p ny ly du -.
2
3
chy qua
L
3
mc vng sang L
2
to nn.in p ny ng- c chiu vi in p t cm trn
cun L
2
v 2 dng chy vo 2 cc khc tn.Chiu mch vng cng chiu dng I
2

nn in p ny ly du -.
Trong ph-ng trnh th hai: hai thnh phn u l cc in p t cm ,bn thnh
phn tip l cc in p h cm :
3
1
chy qua
L
1
mc vng sang L
3
.in p ny ng- c chiu vi in p t cm trn cun L
3
v
2 dng chy vo 2 cc kc tn.Chiu mch vng cng chiu dng I
3
nn in p
ny ly du -.
2
1
chy qua
L
1
mc vng sang L
2
.in p ny cng chiu vi in p t cm trn cun L
2
v 2
dng chy vo 2 cc cng tn.Chiu mch vng 2 ng- c chiu dng I
2
nn in
p ny ly du -.
2
(thuc vng 2) do dng nhnh I
3
chy qua
L
3
mc vng sang L
2
2
v
2 dng chy vo 2 cc khc tn.Chiu mch vng ng- c chiu dng I
2
nn in
Hnh 2.96
1
R
1
.
U
C
R
3
M
M M
2
1
3
L L
L
3
1
2
2
R
1
.
I
2
.
I
3
.
I
1 V
.
I
2 V
.
I
*
*
*

73
p ny ly du +.
3
2
chy qua
L
2
mc vng sang L
3
3
v
2 dng chy vo 2 cc khc tn.Chiu mch vng cng chiu dng I
3
nn in p
ny ly du -.
H ph-ng trnh dng mch vng :
0 2
2
1
2
1
1
2
3
2
3 2
1
2
1 2
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
2 1
V
M
V
M
V
M
V
M
V
M
V
M
V V
.
I Z
.
I Z
.
I Z
.
I ) Z Z (
.
I . Z
.
U
.
I Z
.
I Z
.
I Z
.
I Z
.
I ) Z Z (

2.54Mch in hnh 2.87
a)I
1
=1,047 A ;I
2
=1,56 A ;I
3
=0,697 A
b)Khi h cu dao K th dng I
2
=0 nn:
V ,
I jX I jX I R U U U U
e ,
j
jZ jX R R
E
I I
.
M
. .
X
.
X
.
R
.
ab
, j
.
. .
91 222
928 0
100 40
100
1 3
3
3
3
2 3 3
19 68
3 1 3 0
3 1
0

2.55. Hnh 2.88
a)
0 0 0
5 153
2 1
53
2
12 65
67 0 05 2 43 1
, j
. . .
j
.
' j
.
e , I I I ; e , I ; e , I
b) Bin i t- ng - ng nh- hnh 2.89Vi
L
a
= L
b
= L
1
+ M; L
C
=- M s gii h
phng trnh mch vng cng tm - c kt qu
trn.

2.56. Hnh 2.90
0
0
0
0
47 91
2
73 71
1
47 91
2
4 39
0
82 26 118
895 1
341 1
724 0
, j
R
.
, j
.
, j
.
, j
.
e , U ; W P
; e , I
; e , I
; e , I

Hnh 2.87
0
R
.
E
R
2
X
M
X X
X
2
1
3
R
3
K
a
b

1
.
U
R
M
L
L
1
2
a
c
b
Hnh 2.88
.
I
.
I
.
I
1
2

1
.
U
R
L
L
a
b
a
c
b
Hnh 2.89
.
I
.
I
.
I
1
2
L
c

Hnh 2.90
0
R
.
E
R
2
X
M
X X
X
2
0
c
R
1
.
I
.
I
.
I
0
1
2

74
a) Chn 2 vng nh- mch hnh 2.91. ta c h phng trnh :
0
2 2
2 1
2
1 1
1
) jX R ( I I jX
I jX )] X X ( j R [ I E
L
. .
M
.
M C L
. .

T phng trnh hai ta c
2 2
1
2
L
.
M
.
jX R
I jX
I .Th
vo phng trnh mt c:

1
2 2
2
1 1
2 2
1
1 1
1
.
L
M
C L
L
.
M
M C L
. .
I ]
jX R
X
) X X ( j R [
jX R
I jX
jX )] X X ( j R [ I E
T tng tr u vo ca mch s cp:

2 2
2
1 1
1
1
L
M
C L
.
.
V
jX R
X
) X X ( j R
I
E
Z =
9
6
8 10 2
2
j R
) ( j
jX r )
R
.
( j
R
R
R
) j R (
j
2
2
2 2 2
2
2 2
2
9
9 36
2
9
6
2
9
9 6
2 2 .
Cho X=0 tm - c R=9 mch pht sinh cng h- ng .
b) Khi R=9 th Z
V1
=r= 4
9
6
2
2 2
2
1
R
R
R
V
I
1
= . A 25
4
100

W , . , P ; W . P
; A , I
jX R
jX
I
M
976 1249 9 785 11 1250 2 25
785 11
2 9
6
25
2
2
2
1
1
2 2
2

2.58. a)Hnh 2.92.V R
1
=R
2
,L
1
=L
2
nn tng tr ca hai nhnh nh- nhau:

20 200
1 1
j L j R Z = Z
2
. Chn 2 vng
thun chiu kim ng h s c h 2 phng
trnh :
0 2 2
1
1 2
1
2 1
1
2 2
1 1
1
V
.
M
V
.
M
V
.
V
.
V
.
M
V
.
V
. .
I Z I Z Z . I I Z
I Z I Z )
C j
Z ( I U

Trong cc phng trnh trn du trn
ly trong trng hp cc cng tn u vi im chung(nh- trn hnh 2.92), du
d- i nu ng- c li.
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1 1
1 2
1 1
1
2 2
2
1 1
V
.
M
V
.
M
V
.
M
M
M
V
.
V
.
M
V
. .
I ) Z Z ( I ) Z Z ( I
) Z Z (
) Z Z (
) Z Z ( )
C j
Z ( I I ) Z Z ( )
C j
Z ( I U

.
E
L L
2 1
C
R
R
1
Hnh 2.91
.
I
.
I
1
2

Hnh 2.92
R R
* *
R R
1
1
V1
2
2
V2
1 2
.
I
.
I
.
I
.
I
.
I
.
U

75
T phng trnh hai c
2 2 2
1
1
1
1
2
V
.
M
V
.
M
V
.
I
Z Z
I ) Z Z (
I
.Thay vo phng trnh

mt ri tm Z
V1
=
1 1 V
.
.
.
.
I
U
I
U
s nhn - c:

2
1
2 2
1
1 1
1
1
1
M M
V
.
.
V
Z
C j
Z Z Z
C j
Z
I
U
Z

Thay s vo:
M j j
M . .
j
. . .
j j Z
V
2513 10 100
2
800 2
10 10 800 2
1
10 100
6
1

T biu thc trn ta thy c cng h- ng th phi ly du cng.Khi :
1 995 0
4
98 3
10 98 3
2513
10
10 4
3 3
1 2 1
,
,
k ; . , . . k kL L L k M
b) Khi cng h- ng:
1 1 2 2 1
75 2 150 I mA / I I I ; mA I
V V V

2.59. Mch in hnh 2.93
Ch dn: Lp h phng trnh 2 dng in mch
vng ,gii h tm biu thc ca Z
V1
=
1
1
.
.
I
U
=r+jX s
nhn - c biu thc ca X=
)
C
L
) M L (
) M L L (
1
2
2
2
2 2
2 1
t biu thc
trn s nhn - c cc tn s:
Tn s cng h- ng ni tip ng vi t s ca X=0:

s / rad , ,
] ) M L ( L ) M L L [( C
) M L L (
nt
58 1 5 2
4
10
2
2
2
2 2 2 1
2 1
01

Tn s cng h- ng song song ng vi mu s ca X=0:
s / rad ,
C L
SS
707 0
2
1 1
2
02

2.60. e(t) 100 sin 1000t [V]

Ht ch-ng 2
1
.
U
C
L
1
M
Hnh 2.93

81
Ch-ng 3
Phn tch qu trnh qu trong
mch in tuyn tnh

Tm tt l thuyt
Qu trnh qu trong mch in l qu trnh chuyn t mt trng thi
xc lp ny ca mch sang mt trng thi xc lp khc.Qu trnh qu trong
mch in - c bt u t thi im ng-m mch,thng coi l t
t
0
=0.Nguyn nhn ca qu trnh qu l s c mt ca cc thng s qun tnh L
v C trong mch .Ta bit rng cc thng s qun tnh L,C tch lu nng l- ng W
M

v W
E
nn khi qu trnh qu din ra s c s phn b li nng l- ng trong
mch .Tc bin thin ca nng l- ng chnh l cng sut : p(t)=
t
W
dt
dW
.Nh-
vy th tc bin thin ca nng l- ng p(t) phi ,tc khng th tn ti
W 0 khi t=0.T ta c in p trn in dung u
C
(t) v dng in qua in
cm i
L
(t) phi bin thin lin tc.Gi tr ca in p trn C v dng in qua L
ti thi im bt u din ra qu trnh qu l rt quan trng . Chng - c gi
l iu kin ban u(KB) - chnh l cc iu kin bin trong bi ton gii
phng trnh vi phn. Nu chng bng 0 th gi l iu kin ban u khng.

t
f(t)
a)
0 t
f(t)
b)
0
t
f(t)
c)
0
A
h
h
Hnh 3.1.

tin phn tch mch trong ch qu ng- i ta chia ngun tc ng
thnh cc dng tc ng mu sau:
-Ngun bc thang :
t khi h
t khi
) t ( f
0
0 0
(Hnh 3.1a) (3.1)
-Ngun xung vung
t khi
t khi h
t khi
) t ( f
0
0
0 0
(Hnh 3.1b) (3.2)
-Ngun xung Dirac (t)=
0 0
0
t khi
t khi
( th trng vi trc tung)(3.3)
-Ngun hnh sin:
82

t khi t sin A hoc t cos A
t khi
) t ( f
0
0 0

(Hnh 3.1c). (3.4)
Mch in , ngoi c tnh tn s cn c trng bi c tnh qu h(t) v
c tnh xung g(t).Chng - c nh ngha nh- sau:

ng kh KB thang bc dng c t
ch m ca ng n ph
) t ( h (3.5)

ng kh KB dng c t xung tch Din
ch m ca ng n ph
) t ( g (3.6)
Phn tch trnh qu ca mch in l lp v gii h phng trnh trng
thi c trng cho mch bng cng c ton thch hp . H phng trnh trng thi
ca mch in tuyn tnh thng gp l mt h phng trnh vi phn tuyn tnh
h s hng khng thun nht .Nghim ca h gm hai thnh phn :
- Nghim ca h phng trnh vi phn thun nht - y chnh l dao ng
t do trong mch in .L dao ng t do nn khi t th thnh phn t
do phi tin ti 0.
- Thnh phn th hai l 1 nghim ring - chnh l dao ng c- ng bc
trong mch in .
Nghim tng qut ca h l l tng (tc xp chng) ca dao ng t do v
dao ng c- ng bc.
Vic phn tch qu trnh qu c th thc hin bng mt cng c ton
hc no tm cc nghim t do v nghim c- ng bc. V d :chng trc ta
tm thnh phn c- ng bc hnh sin ca mch in thng qua cng c biu din
phc.
C hai phng php thng dng phn tch qu trnh qu : phng php
kinh in v phng php ton t Laplas.
1.Ph- ng php kinh in l lp v gii h phng trnh vi phn ca mch
in.Ph- ng php ny ch thc hin tin li vi cc mch gin n v vi mch
phc tp vic gii h phng trnh vi phn l mt cng vic nan gii.Nh- vy
phng php ny ch ng dng khi mch - c c trng bi mt phng trnh vi
phn;thm tr l mt phng trnh vi phn bc nht.Khi c 1 phng trnh vi phn
bc 2 th gii bng ton t cng t ra thun tin hn.c bit nu mch c mt
ngun tc ng l bc thang hoc hnh sin vi mch ch c 1 loi thng s qun
tnh ta c th xc nh ngay - c cc dng in v in p trong mch thng qua
vic phn tch trc tip tip trn mch ti thi im t=0 v t . y ta ch xt
trng hp mch c 1 in dung C hoc 1 in cm L mc vi ngun bc thang
hoc ngun hnh sin vi 1 s in tr trong mch.
a) Mch d- i tc ng ca bc thang.
Lc mi phn ng f
K
(t) (dng in hoc in p) nhnh th k no
s c dng :
f
K
(t)=A
K
e
- t
+B
K
(3.7)
Bin thin theo quy lut hm m.
83
Nh- vy cc dng in ,in p trong cc nhnh ch khc nhau cc hng
s A
K
v B
K
,c cng h s tt dn .Vic gii bi ton thc cht l xc nh 3
hng s , A
K
v B
K
.Chng - c xc nh nh- sau:
- H s : xc nh theo - ng phng-np ca C hoc L. Ae
- t
l
thnh phn dao ng t do c h s tt dn .
L mt c ch ch m Nu
L
R
C mt c ch ch m Nu
C R
td
td
1
(3.8)
- Trong cng thc trn th R
t
l in tr tng ng nhn t 2
u ca C hoc L vo mch khi cho ngun tc ng bng 0.
( - ng phng-np ca C hoc L)
R
t
C= hoc
td
R
L
= ; gi l hng s thi gian ca mch(th nguyn thi
gian ). Thc t th qu trnh qu ch ko di trong khong t
XL
3 . t
XL
gi l
thi gian xc lp ca mch(sau thi gian 3 trong mch ch cn cc dao ng
c- ng bc,cc thnh phn dao ng t do 0).
- Thnh phn B
K
: t (3.7) ta thy khi t th ch cn li thnh phn B
K

,lc ny mch chuyn sang ch mt chiu v ngun tc ng l bc thang.
Nh- vy
K k
B
t
) t ( f - c xc nh ch 1 chiu ca mch .
- Thnh phn A
K
: T (3.7) ta thy khi t=0 th
f
K
(0)=
K k k
B A
t
) t ( f
0
-Gi tr f
K
(0) xc nh theo iu kin
ban u.T xc nh A
K
, tc tnh - c f
K
(t).
Cc in p v dng in khc cng xc nh t- ng t hoc nn s dng
cc nh lut m v Kieckhop xc nh chng t f
K
(t) cho tin.
Nh- vy bi ton phi - c bt u t xc nh iu kin ban u.T
xc nh A
K
ti thi im t=0.Khi c 4 iu cn ch nh- sau:
Th nht: Ti thi im t=0 m u
C
(0)=0 th C - c thay bng dy dn
trong s t- ng - ng tnh A
K
.
Th hai: Ti thi im t=0 m u
C
(0) 0 th C - c thay bng ngun s
K
.
Th ba: Ti thi im t=0 m i
L
(0)=0 th L - c thay bng on h mch
K
.
Th t- : Ti thi im t=0 m i
L
(0) 0 th L - c thay bng ngun dng
K
.
b) Mch d- i tc ng ca hnh sin.
Phn ng ca mch s c dng:
f
K
(t)=A
K
e
- t
+B
K
(t)

(3.9)
84
Trong
K k
B
t
) t ( f (t) - c xc nh ch hnh sin xc lp ca
mch .Ch ny dng biu din phc nh- xt trong chng 2. Tip theo l
A
K
cng xc nh theo iu kin ban u.
2.Ph- ng php ton t Laplas:
Ph- ng php ny phi bin i h phng trnh vi phn v h phng trnh
i s vi cc hm nh .Ph- ng php ny - c tin hnh trong 5 b- c:
B- c 1:Xc nh iu kin ban u - xc nh cc in p trn cc in
dung v dng in qua cc in cm ti thi im bt u ng- m mch.
B- c 2:Bin i mch in v dng ton t t- ng - ng.
B- c3: Lp h phng trnh cho mch dng hm nh.
B- c 4: Gii h phng trnh tm hm nh.
B- c 5:Bin i hm nh v dng bng tra bng 3.1 ,tm hm gc.
Ch :+ B- c 2:
-Bin i cc ngun tc ng mu v dng nh dng bng 3.1
-Bin i thng s R v dng ton t- vn gi nguyn R nh- mt gi tr
hng.

-Bin i in cm L - c thc hin nh- hnh 3.2.Trong mch dng
hm gc hnh 3.2. a) c quan h
t
L
I dt ) t ( u
L
) t ( i
0
0
1
(3.10)
Chuyn sang dng nh:
Bin i Laplas c 2 v (3.9) s c :
) . ( LI ) p ( pLi ) p ( u hay
pL
LI ) p ( u
p
I
pL
) p ( u
) p ( i
L
L L
11 3
0
0 0

Cng thc 3.11 cho ta s t- ng - ng hnh 3.2b) khi iu kin ban u
khng ,tc I
L0
=0 ; s c mch t- ng - ng hnh 3.2c) khi iu kin ban u khc
khng ,tc I
L0
0 .T mch hnh 3.2c) c th chuyn sang mch ngun dng t- ng
- ng hnh 3.2d).Ch :chiu ca ngun s dng nh hnh 3.2c) c chiu nh-
chiu ca dng in mch gc hnh 3.2.a) v c tr s l L.I
L0
vi L c th
nguyn Henri,I
L0
-Ampe; ngun dng hnh 3.2d) cng c chiu nh- vy v c tr
s l LI
L0
/pL=I
L0
/p.
- Bin i in dung C - c thc hin nh- trn hnh 3.3.Mch dng
Hnh 3.2
a)
i(t)
L
u(t)
b)
i(p)
Lp
u(p)
c)
i(p)
Lp
u(p)
L.IL0
d)
i(p)
Lp
u(p)
p
I
L0

85
hm gc hnh 3.3. a) theo quan h :
t
C
u dt ) t ( i
C
) t ( u
0
0
1
(3.12)
Bng 3.1
TT Hm nh Hm gc
1 1
(t)
2 A
A (t)

3
p
A

A

4
2
p
A

At

5
n
p
A

1 n
t
)! 1 n (
A

6
p
A

Ae
- t

7
n
) p (
A

t 1 n
e t
)! 1 n (
A

8
) p ( p
A

) e 1 (
A
t

9
2 2
p
A
sin
A
t

10
2 2
p
A

sin A

11 2 2
p
Ap

Acos t

12
2
0
2
p 2 p
A

t sin e
A
t
1
1

13 2
0
2
p 2 p
Ap

) t sin t (cos Ae
1
1
1
t

14
2
0
2
2 1
p 2 p
A p A

) t sin
A A
t cos A ( e
1
1
1 2
1 1
t

15
) p ( p
A
2 2

) t cos 1 (
A
2

16
) p 2 p ( p
A
2
0
2

) t sin t (cos e [
A
t
1
1
1
2
0
1
Ch :-T cng thc 12 tr i
2 2
0 1

-Cc cng thc 9 13 u suy t 14 ; 15 suy t 16
Chuyn sang dng nh:
86
Bin i Laplas c 2 v (3.12) s c :

0
0
1
1
C
C
Cu
pC
) p ( u
) p ( i hay
p
u
) p ( i
pC
) p ( u (3.13)
Hnh 3.3
a)
i(t) C
u(t)
b)
i(p)
u(p)
c)
i(p)
u(p)
d)
i(p)
u(p)
+
_
p
u
C0
pC
1
pC
1
pC
1
-CuC0
Cng thc 3.13 cho ta s t- ng - ng hnh 3.3b) khi iu kin ban u
khng ,tc u
C0
=0 ; s c mch t- ng - ng hnh 3.3c) khi iu kin ban u khc
khng ,tc u
C0
0 .T mch hnh 3.3c c th chuyn sang mch ngun dng t- ng
- ng hnh 3.2d).Ch : ngun s dng nh hnh 3.3c) c chiu nh- chiu ca
dng in np cho in dung mch gc hnh 3.3.a) th n phi mang du -
,nu ly ng- c chiu-mang du +; ngun dng hnh 3.3d) cng c chiu - c
xc nh nh- vy.
Buc 5: Bn i v dng bng s dng phng php hng s bt nh
hoc cng thc Heviside.
Cng thc Heviside khi nh ca phn ng F
K
(p) l t s ca hai ai thc
hu t
) p ( N
) p ( M
) p ( F
K
- c ng dng rt thun tin khi a thc mu s c cc
nghim thc.Gi s N(p) l a thc bc n,c 1 nghim thc bi bc q l p
b
v c
r=n-q nghim thc n th :

q
b
q
b
b r
r
K
) p p (
C
..
) p p (
C
p p
C
p p
A
..
p p
A
p p
A
) p ( N
) p ( M
) p ( F
2
2 1
2
2
1
1

Trong : Cc h s A
K
xc nh theo cng thc (3.14) hoc (3.15):
) . (
p p
) p p (
) p ( N
) p ( M
A
k
k k
14 3
) . (
p p ) p ( ' N
) p ( M
A
k
k
15 3
cc h s C
K
xc nh theo cng thc (3.16) hoc :
b
q
b
] q [
] q [
b
q
b q
b
q
b q
p p
] ) p p (
) p ( N
) p ( M
[
dp
d
)! q (
C
...
p p
] ) p p (
) p ( N
) p ( M
[
dp
d
C ;
p p
] ) p p (
) p ( N
) p ( M
[ C
1
1
1
1
1
1
(3.16)
3.Ph- ng phn tch phn Duhament v tch phn Green:Nu tc ng khng
87
thuc dng mu ta p dng cc cng thc tch phn tnh phn ng f
2
(t) khi tc
ng l f
1
(t).Tnh - c thc hin qua c tnh qu h(t) v c tnh xung g(t)
vi nhnh t- ng ng ca mch.
Cng thc tch phn Duhamen:

t
'
t
'
dx ) x ( h ). x t ( f ) t ( h ). ( f dx ) x t ( h ). x ( f ) t ( h ). ( f ) t ( f
0
1 1
0
1 1 2
0 0 (3.17)
Cng thc tch phn Green:

t t
dx ) x ( g ). x t ( f dx ) x t ( g ). x ( f ) t ( f
0
1
0
1 2
. (3.18)
Tt nhin nu tc ng thuc dng mu th cc cng thc trn vn gi
nguyn hiu lc.
Bi tp
3.1. Mch in hnh 3.4 l mch np in cho in
dung C=20 F, dng ngun mt chiu E=100 V no
qua in tr R=5 K bng cch ng cu dao K ti
thi im t=0.
1. Tm u
C
(t),u
R
(t),i(t) v v th ca chng bng
2 cch
a) Lp v gii phng trnh vi phn.
b) Phn tch theo cng thc (3.7).
2. Ti sao phi np cho C qua R?(Thay R bng dy dn c - c khng?)

3.2. Cho mch in hnh 3.5 vi L=0,5 H , R=100 v
ngun mt chiu E=50 V.Ti thi im t=0 kho K - c
ng li.Tm u
L
(t),u
R
(t),i(t) v v th ca chng.

3.3. Mch in gm hai cun cm mc ni tip c in tr
v in cm t- ng ng l R
1
,L
1
v R
2
, L
2
, - c ng vo
ngun mt chiu U=300 V ti thi im t
0
=0.Bit : hng s
thi gian cat mch =0,01 s , in p trn 2 cc ca cun th nht ti thi im
t
0
=0 l U
1
(0)=200 V, in p trn 2 cc ca cun th hai ti thi im t
1
=0,02s l
U
2
(t
1
)=186,5 V,gi tr ca dng in khi xc lp l 10 A . Hy xc nh cc thng
s mch R
1
,L
1
v R
2
,
L
2
.

3.4.Mch in hnh
3.6 c R
1
=20 ,
R
2
=18 ,R
3
=30 ,
C 66,67 F.Ti thi
im t =0 ng- i ta
ng kho K.Tm i
1
(t),
Hnh 3.4
K
C
R
E

Hnh 3.5
K
L
R
E

Hnh 3.6
K
C
R
E
R
R
1
2
3
i (t)
i (t)
i (t)
u (t)
2
3
1
C
L
K
E
R
R2
R1
i
i1
i2
Hnh 3.7

88
i
2
(t) , i
3
(t) v u
C
(t) , bit E=44 V,U
C0
=0

3.5. Trong mch in hnh 3.7 bit ngun mt chiu E=140,4V, R=24 ;R
1
=18
, R
2
=12 , L=0,65 H . Tm cc dng in trong cc nhnh ca mch v in p
trn in cm sau khi ng kho K tai thi im t=0, bit i
L
(0)=0.

3.6.Mch in hnh 3.8. c R
0
=R=10 ,ngun mt chiu E=100 V,kho K - c
ng ti thi im t=0.Tm gi tr ca in cm L , bit in p trn cun dy l
U
C
ti thi im t
1
=0,04s c tr s U
C
(t
1
)=60V.
3.7.Mch in hnh 3.9.c R
1
=R
2
=10 , L=100 mH, ngun mt chiu E=100V .
Ti thi im t=0 kho K - c ng li , sau 1s kho K - c h ra .Tm biu
thc ca cc dng in i
1
(t),i
2
(t),i
K
(t) v x th ca chng.

3.8.Mch in hnh 3.10 c cc ngun mt chiu mt chiu
E
1
=30V,E
2
=12V,C
1
=500 F, C
2
=200 F, R
1
=10 , R
2
=15 , R
3
=9 .Ti thi
im t=0 ng- i ta h kha K.Tm cc dng in i
1
(t),i
2
(t), i
3
(t) v cc in p
u
C1
(t),u
C2
(t),v th ca chng ; bit rng tr- c khi h kho K mch xc lp.

3.9.Cho mch in hnh hnh 3.11 vi ngun hnh sin e(t)=E
m
sin (100t+
e
).Ti
thi im in p ngun chuyn qua gi tr cc i d- ng th kho K - c ng
li .Tm biu thc dng in sau khi ng kho K bit R
0
=R= 10 , L=0,1 H v
tr- c khi ng kho K th Ampe k ch 2 5 A.
3.10.Ng- i ta ng mch RL mc ni tip vo ngun hnh sin e(t)=E
m
sin ( t+
e
)
ti thi im t=0. Bit rng khi xc lp th in p trn in cm l :
Hnh 3.8
K
E
R
0 1
i (t)
U
C
Hnh 3.9.
R
L
R
1
2
2
R
R
R
1
2
i (t)
1
3
K
K
i (t)
K
L E
R
C
C
E
E
1
2
2
1
i (t)
3
i (t)
i (t)
2
Hnh 3.10.

Hnh 3.11
K
e(t)
R
0
1
i (t)
Hnh 3.12.
R
L
R
1
2
2
R
i (t)
K i (t)
K
L E
A
1 2
K
R
C
+
_
i (t)
Hnh 3.13.

89
u
L
(t)=120 sin314t [V] v R=X
L
= 10 .Hy xc nh i(t) v u
R
(t).

3.11.Mch in hnh 3.12.c ngun hnh sin bin E
m
=100V, tn s gc
=314 rad/s , bit R
1
=4 ;R
2
=2 , L
1
=9,57 mH , L
2
=15,9 mH.Ti thi im
ngun t gi tr d- ng cc i th kho K - c ng li. Xc nh cc dng
in v v th thi gian ca chng.

3.12.Ng- i ta ng in dung C vo ngun 1 chiu E=200 V qua in tr R.Bit
hng s thi gian ca mch l =0,25 s ,dng in ti thi im ng mch
i(0)=0,04 A.
a) Tm biu thc ca u
C
(t)
b) Tm gi tr ca R v C.

3.13.Mch in hnh 3.13 c C= 1000 F , R=50 .Ti thi im t=0 kho K
- c chuyn t v tr tip im 1 sang 2.Bit nng l- ng C np - c ti thi im
t=0 l W
E
(0)=5 Jun. Hy xc nh
a) u
C
(t),i(t) .
b) Khong thi gian m mt na nng l- ng - c bin thnh nhit nng .

3.14. T in C=5 F - c np in t ngun mt chiu U=200 V qua in tr
R=5 K .Hy xc nh:
a) Nng l- ng np trong t khi t np y.
b)Nhit nng tiu hao trong qu trnh np.

3.15.Mch in hnh 3.14. c R
1
=R
2
=R
3
=1 ,C=1 F. Hy xc nh hng s thi
gian ca mch trong 2 trng hp :
a) Ngun tc ng l ngun in p .
b) Ngun tc ng l ngun dng.

3.16.Mch in hnh 3.15.c ngun mt chiu E=150 V, R
1
=75 ; R
2
=25 ;
C=80 F.Ti thi im t=0 kho K - c ng li ,sau 1s kho K - c h ra .
Tm biu thc u
C
(t) , i
C
(t) v i
1
(t) v v th thi gian ca chng.
Hnh 3.14
C
Ngun
R
R
1
2
3
R
Hnh 3.15
C
E
R
R
2
1
K
Hnh 3.16
E
R
C
K
Hnh 3.17
E R
L
K
R
2
1
K
C
i
i
1
C

90
3.17.Mch in hnh 3.16 c R=10 ,C=100 F,kho K - c ng ti thi im
t=0 vo ngun 1 chiu E.Bt tc bin bin thin cc i ca nng l- ng in
trng l p
C
(t)
max
= 250 [VA] ( Von-Ampe). Hy xc nh:
a) i(t),u
C
(t)
b) Nng l- ng v in tch in dung - c np .
c) Nng l- ng tiu hao trong qu trnh np.

3.18.Mch in hnh 3.17.c E=150 V, L=20 mH , C=133,3 F , hng s thi
gian ca cc nhnh
1
= 1 ms ;
2
= 2ms. Xc nh cc dng in sau khi ng K.

3.19.Mch in hnh 3.18.c e(t)=60 2 sin(1000t+
e
) [V] , R=R
1
=20 ,
L=40m H , C=50 F.Ti thi im ngun chuyn qua gi tr khng th kho K
h ra. Hy xc nh i
L
(t) v u
C
(t).
Hnh 3.18
C
e(t)
R
L
1
R
Hnh 3.19
e(t)
C
L
K
R
K
R
Hnh 3.20
E
C
R
R
R
2
1
i
i i i 2
3 1
K
3.20. Mch in hnh 3.19. c e(t)=200 sin(1000t+
e
) [V],R=50 , L=50m H
, C=20 F.Ti thi im ngun t gi tr d- ng bng gi tr hiu dng th kho
K h ra. Hy xc nh i
L
(t) v u
C
(t).

3.21.Cho mch in hnh 2.20 vi ngun mt chiu E=150 V,R=R
1
=R
2
=10 ,
C=40 F.Kho K ng ti thi im t = 0.
a) Lp phng trnh vi phn c trng cho mch vi cc bin khc nhau: i(t) , i
1
(t)
, i
2
(t) v u
C
(t).
b) Tm i(t) , i
1
(t) , i
2
(t) v u
C
(t).
3.22. Cc mch in hnh 2.21 c cc in tr v in dung c tr s ging
nhau,trong mch hnh 2.21a c hng s thi gian =1 mS.Hy xc nh hng
s thi gian ca cc mch cn li .
Hnh 3.21
C
R
R
R
R
C
a)
R
C
c)
d)
b)
C
C
C
R
R
R

91
3.23. Mch in hnh 3.22. c ngun mt chiu E=80 V,R=R
2
=10 ,R
1
=5 ,
L=0,2 H .Ti thi im t=0 kho K - c ng li .Tm cc dng in trong mch
bng c hai phng php kinh in v ton t Laplas , bit i
L
(0)=0.

3.24.Mch in hnh 2.23 c kho K - c ng li ti thi im t=0 .Tm cc
dng in trong mch bng phng php ton t; bit e(t)=100 sin 314 t [V] v
u
C
(0)=0.
Hnh 3.22
L
R
R
1
E
R
2
K
Hnh 3.23
e(t)
K
5
318
10
F
i
i
i
1
2
Hnh 3.24
L
R
1
R 1
R3 L
3
C
2
_
+
i(t) M
N
Hnh 3.25
L
C e(t)
R
K
i
i
1
2 i

3.25.Mch in - c np vi i(0)=2 A, u
C
(0)=5 V c chiu nh- trn hnh
3.24.Tm biu thc u
MN
(t) v u
C
(t),bit R
1
=1 , R
2
=2 , R
3
=1 , L
1
=2 H ,
L
2
=1 H ,C=1 F.

3.26.Trong mch in hnh 3.25, kho K - c ng ti thi im t=0. Tm i(t) v
u
C
(t), bit C=144 F , L=2,82 mH , R=4 , e(t)=100sin(314t-34
0
).

3.27.Mch in hnh 3.26 c E=100 V, R=10 ,R
1
=20 , L=10 mH ,C=100 F.
Khi mch xc lp th kho K - c ng li. Hy xc nh cc dng in trong
mch.

3.28.Trong mch in hnh 3.27 in dung C=50 F - c np sn n gi tr
100V c chiu chiu nh- k hiu trong hnh.Hy xc nh cc dng nhnh v
in p trn in dung C sau khi ng kho K (ti thi im t=0),bit R=25 ,
L=166,7 mH ,cc ngun mt chiu E
1
=100V,E
2
=200V

3.29. Cho mch hnh 3.28.
Hnh 3.26
L
R
C
1
R
2
K
+
_
E
i
i
i
2
3
1
Hnh 3.27
E
K
i
i
i
1
2
C
R
L
+ -
E
2
1
Hnh 3.28
L
R
C
2
K
i
e(t)
i
i
L
C

92
1. Lp phng trnh vi phn c trng cho mch vi cc bin s l i , i
1
, i
2
v u
C
.
2. a)Cho tc ng l ngun e(t)=
t khi e E
0 t khi 0
t -
0
0

, cho quan h L=4R
2
C.Tm biu
thc tc thi ca i(t).
b) Cho E
0
=100 V, =100/s;L=0,25 H,C=100 F,R=25 . Tm u
C
(t) v v th
ca n.

3.30. Kho trong mch in hnh 3.29 - c ng khi mch trng thi xc
lp.Tm cc dng in trong mch v in p trn C sau khi ng kha K , bit
E=100 V,R=50 ,L=58,75 mH ,C=100 F.

3.31.Mch in hnh 3.30 c E=100V,R=40 ,L
1
=L
2
=0,3H ,M=0,1 H ,C=250 F.
Khi t np y ng- i ta chuyn kho K t v tr tip im 1 sang tip im
2. Hy xc nh cc dng in trong mch .

3.32. Mch in hnh 3.31.c e(t)=80 sin (100t+90
0
) [V] ,R=20 , L
1
=L
2
=L
=0,2 H , M=0,1 H. Xc nh cc dng in sau khi ng kho K ti thi im
t=0,bit rng tr- c mch xc lp .

3.33. Trong mch in hnh 3.32 bit ngun mt chiu E=120 [V] , R= 60 ,
L=0,2 H , M=0,1 H. Khi mch xc lp kho K - c ng li. Xc nh cc
dng in trong mch.

3.34. Mch in hnh 3.33.c E
1
=240 [V] , E
2
=120 [V] , R=60 , L
1
=L
2
=0,2 H ,
M=0,1 H. Xc nh cc dng in sau khi ng kho K ti thi im t=0,bit
rng tr- c mch xc lp .
Hnh 3.31
K
i
i
i
1
R 2
* *
L L
M
1 2
Hnh 3.32
K
i
i
i1
R
2
* *
L L
M
e(t)
E
Hnh 3.29
L
C R
K
Hnh 3.30
K
E
i
i
i C
R
1
R
i
i
i
2
*
L L
M
1 1
+
_
E
C
1 2

Hnh 3.34
R
*
*
L
L
M
1
2
Hnh 3.35
K
i2
R
L
e(t)
e
Hnh 3.33
L
R
K
E
E
i
i
i
K
L
* *
M
R
2
3
1
1 2
1 2
C
R
C
i
i
3
1
2
1
u(t)
10V
t
0
t =12,5 mS x
Hnh 3.36
mS

93
3.35. Cho mch in hnh 3.34.Hy xc nh phng trnh c trng ca mch.
Ph- ng trnh ny c bao nhiu nghim ? Cc nghim ny c th nm u trn
mt phng phc khi ta thay i cc thng s mch.

3.36.Hy lp phng trnh vi phn cho mch hnh 3.35 vi bin s l bin l i
2
(t)
v xc nh cc gi tr i
1
(t) , i
2
(t) , i
3
(t) ti thi im t=(+0)

3.37.Cho mt xung vung in p hnh 3.36 tc ng ln mch mch RC ni
tip c R=500 , C=10 F. Xc nh i(t),u
C
(t), u
R
(t) v v th ca chng.

3.38. Xung vung hnh 3.36. tc ng ln mch RL ni tip vi R=50 ;
L=0,25 H. Xc nh i(t),u
L
(t), u
R
(t)v v th ca chng.

3.39. Mt xung in p rng c- a hnh 3.37 tc ng ln cun dy c L = 0,1 H
in tr tn hao r =10 .Tm biu thc gii tch ca dng in v tnh gi tr ca
n ti cc thi im t
1
=0,02 , t
2
=0,03s.

3.40. Mch in c R=200 mc ni tip vi C=100 F chu tc ng ca xung
in p c quy lut hm m hnh 3.38.:
u(t)=
t s , khi
s , t khi e
t khi
t
005 0 0
005 0 0 100
0 0
100

Tm i(t) ,u
C
(t).

3.41. Mch in c R=100 mc ni tip vi C=100 F chu tc ng ca mt
xung vung in p u(t) c 2 cc tnh hnh 3.39. Tm
a)i(t) ,u
C
(t) v v th ca chng.
b)Nng l- ng tiu tn trong khong thi gian tn ti ca xung .
c)Quy lut bin thin ca in tch q(t) tch trong C.

3.42. Mch in c R=10 , L=100 mH mc ni tip , chu tc ng ca dy
xung vung di v hn c cao E=50V, rng v rng ca xung nh-
nhau : t
R
= t
X
= 5 mS (tc chu k T=2t
X
)-Hnh 3.40.Tm quy lut bin thin ca
dng in i(t) v v th ca n.
u(t)
0,01 0
t
Hnh 3.39
s
20 V
u(t)
0,005 0
t
Hnh 3.37
s
u(t)
0,01 0
t
Hnh 3.38
s
100 V
-100 V
0,02

94

t
tX
tR
E
0
T
Hnh 3.40
t
tX
u(t)
0
Hnh 3.41
E

3.43.Mch in c R=100 , C=100 F mc ni tip , chu tc ca dy xung
rng c- a di v hn tun hon c cao E=200V, t
X
=0,01s -Hnh 3.41. Tm quy
lut bin thin ca in p u
C
(t) v v th ca n.

3.44. Mch
in hnh
3.42a c
R= 1 K
,C=1 F; chu
tc ng ca
dy 4 xung
vung in
p hnh
3.42b) , c
cao h=20V,
chu k lp
T = 3 mS , rng ca xung t
X
= 2mS. Tnh in p u
C
(t) v v th ca n.

3.45. Mch in hnh 3.43.a) ch tc ng ca 2 xung in p rng c- a
hnh 3.43.b) .Bit R=200 , R
1
=300 ; C=8,333 F.Tm biu thc ca in p
u
C
(t).
t
tX
0
Hnh 3.42
T
h
u(t)
[mS]
2 3 5 6 8
9
11
u(t)
R
C
a)
b)

R
1
R
C
Hnh 3.43.
u(t)
20
[V]
u(t)
a)
b)
[mS]
2 4

95
3.46. Tc ng ln mch n hnh 3.44 a) l ngun xung dng in hnh sin
tun hon di v hn hnh 3.44b) vi chu k th nht c biu thc gii tch :

X X
X
t T t t khi
; mS , t t khi ] A [ t cos .
t Khi
) t ( i
3 0
2832 6 0 10 2
0 0
6
0

Xc nh i
L
(t) v u
C
(t), bit R=10 K , L=0,1 mH ,C=10 nF, T=2t
X
.

3.47.Trong mch in hnh 3.45 bit E=24 V.Sau khi ng kho K dng in
nhnh chnh l i(t)= 16 - 4e
-1,5t
[A].
a)Hy xc nh biu thc tng tr ton t ca mch .
b) Cc thng s ca mch .

3.48. Cng trong mch in hnh 3.45 bit E=12 V, i
2
(t)=4+2e
-15t
. Hy xc nh
cc thng s ca mch.

3.49. mch in hnh 3.46. bit e(t)=1- e
-10t
[V] .,kho K - c ng li ti thi
im t=0, in p trn C l u
C
(t)=
t t t
e e e
50 20 10
12
7
3
7
4
7
[V] . Hy xc nh
cc thng s R,L,C ca mch .

3.50.Mch in c R=2 K ,C=10 F mc ni tip ,- c ng vo ngun s :
Hnh 3.44.
i (t)
0
u(t)
a)
iL(t)
t
tX
i0 (t)
T
b)

Hnh 3.45
L
R
K
E
1
i
R
R
2
Hnh 3.46
R
e(t)
2
i
C
L
Hnh 3.47
R
e(t)
C
K K
R
R
i
2
1
2
3

96
e(t)=100e
-100t
.Hy xc nh in p u
C
(t) bng 3 phng php :
a) Bng phng php ton t.
b)Bng phng php tch phn Duhament
c) Bng phng php tch phn bc Green.
d) V th ca in p ny.

3.51.Mch in hnh 3.47 c R
1
=R
2
=20 ;R
3
=30 ,C 83,33 F - c ng
vo ngun e(t)= 128 t e
-100t
[V] ti thi im t=0.Hy tm dng in i
2
(t) trong
mch bng:
a) Ph- ng php tch phn Duhament.
b) Ph- ng php ton t.

Li Gii -p s -ch dn

3.1..Hnh 3.48.
1. a) Ph- ng trnh nh lut Kickhop 2:
u
R
+u
C
=E. Chn bin s l u
C
th i=
dt
du
C
C
.
T c R.i+u
C
=R
dt
du
C
C
+u
C
=E hay
dt
du
C
+ u
C
= E
Trong =1/RC=1/ = 10
10 20 10 5
1
6 3
. . .
[1/s]
Nghim l :
t t t
t
t
dt dt
C
Ce E ] e E C [ e
] dt e E C [ e ] dt e E C [ e u
.
V u
C
(0)=E+C=0(y l iu kin ban u ) nn
C=-E u
C
(t)=E(1-e
- t
)=100(1-e
-10t
)
T u
R
(t)=E-u
C
(t)=Ee
- t
=100e
-10t
; i(t)=
t R
e
R
E
R
) t ( u
= 0,02e
-10t
hay tnh
i(t)=
t C
e
R
E
dt
du
C = 0,02e
-10t

[A]

th cc i l- ng hnh 3.49.

b) Theo cng thc 3.7. th u
C
(t)=Ae
- t
+B
H s theo (3.8) th =1/R
t
C=1/RC=10 [1/s] v R
t
=R )khi ng kho K
v cho ngun tc ng bng 0).Khi t th u
C
( )= B = E v lc mch ch
Hnh 3.48
K
C
R
E

t
i(t)
0
Hnh 3.49
R
C
u (t)
u (t)
E
tXL
0,95E
0,05E

97
mt chiu khi C np y n in p bng E. Khi t=0 th u
C
(0)=A+B=A+E=0
nn A=-E v u
C
(t)=E(1-e
- t
)= 100(1-e
-10t
)
2.Nu khng mc R th ti t=0 c u
C
(0)=0 nn ngun b chp qua t C gy
hng ngun.

3.2. i(t)=0,5(1-e
-200t
) [A];u
L
(t)=50e
-100t
[V] ; u
R
(t)=50(1-e
-100t
). [V]

3.3. R
1
=10 ;L
1
=0,2H ; R
2
=20 ;L
2
=0,1 H

3.4. T mch hnh 3.50 a) ngt b C , nhn t 2 im va ct vo mch khi
cho ngun tc ng bng 0 s c mch hnh 3.50b).T c :
30
30 20
30 20
18
3 1 2
.
) R // R ( R R
td
; 500
10 67 66 30
1 1
6
. , . C R
td
[1/s]
u tin tnh dng i
1
(t)=Ae
-500t
+B;
i
1
( 1
30 20
50
3 1
R R
E
B ) ( i
t
) t , v khi mch ch
mt chiu xc lp, khng c dng mt chiu qua C.
6 1
25 11 20
50
0
0
3 2 1
1 1
,
, R // R R
E
B A ) ( i
t
) t ( i ,v khi t=0
th u
C
(0)=0 nn C thay bng dy dn (hnh 3.50c).
A=1,6-B=0,6 nn i
1
(t)=0,6e
-500t
+1 [A]

Cc dng khc c th tnh t- ng t, tuy nhin nn p dng cc nh
lut c bn tnh qua i
1
(t) s nhanh hn:
u
R1
(t)= R
1
i
1
(t)=12e
-500t
+20 [V] ;u
R3
(t)=E- u
R1
(t)=-12e
-500t
+30 [V]
] A [ e ,
R
) t ( u
) t ( i
t R
R
1 4 0
500
3
3
3
; i
R2
(t)= i
R1
(t)- i
R3
(t)=e
-500t
. [A]
] V [ ) e ( e ) t ( i R ) t ( u ) t ( u
t t
R C
500 500
2 2 3
1 30 30 30
C th kim tra gi tr u
C
(t) theo cng thc:
) e (
t
. , .
e
dt e
. ,
) ( u dt ) t ( i
C
t
t t
t
t
C R
500
6
500
0
500
0
6
2
1 30
0 10 67 66 500 10 67 66
1
0
1
[V]
Hnh 3.50
a)
K
C
R
E
R
R
1
2
3
i (t)
i (t)
i (t)
u (t)
2
3
1
C
R
R
R
1
2
3
R
R R
1
2
i (t)
i (t) 2
1
b)
i (t) 3
c)
E
E=0
3

98
3.5. Hnh 3.51
5 4 6 0
40
, e , ) t ( i
t
;
] A [ ) e ( , i
]; A [ e , , i
t
R
t
R
40
1
40
2
1 8 1
2 1 7 2
. e , ) t ( u
t
L
40
8 46
[V]

3.6. L=0,5 H

3.7. Hnh 3.52.
Ch-a ng K: Mch xc lp vi dng mt chiu:
A
R R
E
) ( i ) ( i I 5
20
100
0 0
2 1
2 1 0
; i
K
=0.y l trng thai khi im ca
mch
Khi ng K:Mch
gm 2 phn c
lp nhau,nhng
to thnh 2 dng
dng i qua kho
K.Hnh 3.53a)
Mch bn
tri gm R
1
v E
l mch thun tr
nn:
; A
R
E
i
R
10
10
100
1
1

Mch bn phi l s phng in t do ca L qua R
2
:
; Ae t i ;
, L
R
; Ae ) t ( i t i
t
R
t
L R
100
2
2
2 2
100
1 0
10

V i
2
(0)=5 nn A=5 i
2
(t) =5e
-100t
.Khi t=1s th i
2
(1) 0;
i
K
(t)=i
1
(t)-i
2
(t)=10-5e
-100t

Khi h K mch li c i
1
(t)= i
L
(t)= i
R2
(t) bin thin theo quy lut hm m nn
i
1
(t)= i
L
(t)= i
2
(t)=Be
- 1(t-1)
+C
= ;
) (
C Be
1 t 2000

); e ( ) t ( i n n B ) s ( i ) s ( i ; A I C
) t (
L XL
1 2000
1 5 5 0 1 1 5
th hnh 3.53b)

3.8.Mch cho trn hnh 3.54a):
Tm iu kin ban u,tc tm U
C1
(0) v U
C2
(0):Tr- c khi h kho K mch
ch mt chiu xc lp,khng c dng qua C
1
v C
2
nn s t- ng - ng c
dng hnh 3.54.b).
1
i (t)
Hnh 3.52.
R
1
2
R
i (t)
K i (t)
K
L E

L
K
E
R
R2
R1
i
i1
i2
Hnh 3.51

5
t
1
i1(t)
i2(t)
[s]
10
i1(t)=i2(t)
iK(t)
Hnh 3.53
[V]
1
i (t)
R
1
2
2
R
i (t)
K i (t)
K
L E
a) b)

99
Gii mch mt chiu tm - c i
1
(0) =1,44 A; i
3
(0) =0,4 A, i
2
(0) =1,44-0,4=1,04 A
U
C1
(0)=U
C2
(0)=U
R2
(0)=1,05.15 = 15,6V.
Sau khi h kho K: Mch tch l hai phn c lp nhau(hnh 3.54.c):
Phn mch bn tri:
1 2 1
6
25
15 10
;
.
R // R R
td
= 333
10 500 6
1
6
. .
[1/s]
i
1
(t)=A
1
e
-333t
+B
1
; 2 1
25
30
2 1
1
1 1 1
,
R R
E
B ) ( i
t
) t ( i
2 1 24 0 24 0 44 1
0
0
0
333
1 1
1
1
1 1 1 1
, e , ) t ( i ; , A ; ,
R
) ( U E
B A ) ( i
t
) t ( i
t C

[A]
u
R1
(t)=R
1
i
1
(t)=2,4e
-333t
+12 [V] ; u
R2
(t)= u
C1
(t)=E
1
- u
R1
(t)=18 - 2,4e
-333t
[V]
A e , ) t ( i ) t ( i ) t ( i ; ] A [ e , ,
R
) t ( u
) t ( i
t
C
t R 333
2 1 1
333
2
2
2
4 0 16 0 2 1
Phn mch bn phi : 5 555
1
9
2 3
2 3
,
C R
; R R
td
;i
3
(t)= A
2
e
-555t
+B
2
.
0
2 3 3
B ) ( i
t
) t ( i v dng 1 chiu khng qua - c C
2
.
t C
e , ) t ( i ; ,
R
E ) ( U
A ) ( i
t
) t ( i
555
3
3
2 2
2 3 3
4 0 4 0
0
0
0
[A]

3.9. Hnh 3.55.
V ngun chuyn qua gi tr max d- ng ti
t=0 nn
e
=90
0
,tc e(t) =E
m
sin (100t+ 90
0
) [V]
Xc nh iu kin ban u : tc i
L
(0)=?
Dng xc lp hnh sin khi ch- a ng kho K:
; e
E
e
j
E
, . j
e E
Z
E
I
, j m j m
j
m
.
.
m
0 0
0
43 63 90
90
5 10
10 20 1 0 100 20

Lc ny Ampe k ch ga tr hiu dng nn :
] V [ E ; ] V [ E ; ] A [
E
I
m
2 100 100 5 2
5 10
Tr- c khi ng kho K dng in c biu thc:
R
R
1
2
1
3
K
R
C
C
E
E
1
2
2
1
i (t)
3
i (t)
i (t)
2
R
R
1
2
1
3
R
E
E2
Hnh 3.54
R
R
1
2
1
3
R
C
C
E
E
1
2
2
1
i (t)
3
i (t)
i (t)
2
a) b)
c)
i (0)
1
i (0)
3
i (0)
2

Hnh 3.55
K
e(t)
R
0
R
L
A

100
i(t)= ) , t sin( ) , t sin( .
0 0
43 63 100 10 2 43 63 100 2 5 2
iu kin ban u l I
L0
=5,66A
Biu thc ca ngun: e(t) =100 2 sin (100t+ 90
0
) [V]
+Sau khi ng kho K: i=i
t do
+i
c- ng bc
=i
td
+i
Cb
] A [ ) t sin( e , ) t ( i
, , m ; sin m , ) ( i ; ) t sin( me ) t ( i
Ae me i
) t sin( i ; e e e
j jX R
E
I
t
t
t
t
L
R
td
Cb
j ) ( j j
L
.
m
mCb
.
0 100
0 0 100
100
0 45 45 90 90
45 100 10 4 1
4 1
2
2
10 66 5 45 10 66 5 0 45 100 10
45 100 10 10
2 10
2 100
10 10
2 100
0 0 0 0

3.10. ) t sin( e ) t ( i
t 0 314
90 314 12 12 ; ; ] V )[ e t (sin ) t ( u
t
L
314
314 120
] V [ )] t sin( ) t ( e ]; V [ ) t cos( e ) t ( u
t
R
0 314
45 314 2 120 314 120 120
3.11. Hnh 3.56.
t ,
L
e ) t ( i
7 125
2
6
) t cos( e e
) t ( i ) t ( i ) t ( i
) t cos( e ) t ( i
t , t
K
t
0 7 125 418
2 1
0 418
1
37 314 20 6 10
37 314 20 10

3.12. a)u
C
(t)=200(1-e
-4t
)
b)R=5 K ;C=50 F.
3.13. Hnh 3.13 .
a) u
C
(t)=u
R
(t)=100e
-20t
; i(t)=2e
-20t
;
b) W
R
(t)=5(1-e
-40t
) ;t
1
17,33 mS.
3.14.
Jun ,
e
dt e W ; e
e
) t ( p ; e u ) b
; Jun , . W ; V ) ( u U ); e ( u ) a
t
t
R
t
t
R
t
R
E C p n C
t
C
1 0
0 80
8 8 8
5000
200
200
1 0
2
200
10 5 200 1 200
80
0
80 80
2
40 2
40
2
6 40

3.15. a)Ngun in p: s , ; , R
td
5 1 5 1
b) Ngun dng : s ; R
td
2 2

3.16. Mch in hnh 3.57.

Sau khi ng kho K ,v ngun l l t- ng nn:
- C dng c lp qua R
1
l i
1
(t)=E/R
1
=2[A]
- C - c np qua R
2
theo quy lut hm m
1
i (t)
Hnh 3.56.
R
1
2
2
R
i (t)
K i (t)
K
L E

Hnh 3.57
C
E
R
R
2
1
K
i
i
2
1

101
) e ( ) e ( E u
t
t
C R
C
500
1
1 150 1
2
[V]

t C
C
e
dt
du
C ) t ( i ) t ( i
500
2
6 [A]
Ti thi im t=1 s th u
C
(1s)=150(1-e
-500
) 150 V (y l iu kin ban u
khi h K).
Sau khi h kho K :lc C phng in qua R
1
v R
2
t gi tr u
C
(1s)=150 V
theo quy lut hm m :
u
C
(t)=150e
) t (
t
) R R ( C
e
1 125 2 1
1
150 [V] ; ] A [ e ,
R R
) t ( u
) t ( i
) t ( C 1 125
2 1
1
5 1 ;
] A [ e ,
dt
du
C hay e , ) t ( i ) t ( i ) t ( i
) t ( C ) t (
C
1 125 1 125
1 2
5 1 5 1
3.17. Mch in hnh 3.58
a) in p np cho t : u
C
(t)=E(1-e
- t
) vi

RC
1 1
=1000

) e e (
R
E
) e ( e
R
E
) e ( e E C
dt
dW
) t ( p
; ) e (
CE u
C W
t t t t
t t E
C
t C
E
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
1
1
1
2 2

0 2 0 250
2 2
1 1
t t t t
C
e e )' e e ( ) t (
.
p khi VA max ) t ( p
C

; mS . , t e , e e Hay
t t t
693 0 5 0 2
1
1000 2
1 1 1
t c t
C
. , ,
MAX C
e
td
du
C ) t ( i ; ) e ( ) t ( u
] V [ E ) , , (
E
) e e (
E
p
1000 1000
2
2 69 0 69 0
2
10 1 100
100 25 0 5 0
10 10
250

b) Jun ,
E
C W
E
5 0
2
2

c) Jun ,
e
dt Ri W
t
R
5 0
0 2000
10
2000
3
0
2

3.18. Hnh 3.59.
i
1
(t)=7,5(1- e
-1000t
); i
2
(t)=10e
-500t
;
i(t)= i
1
(t)+ i
2
(t)

3.19. Hnh 3.60.
Tr-c khi h kho K:
Hnh 3.58
E
R
C
K

Hnh 3.59
E
R
L
K
R
2
1

102
0 0
1
0
0
0
1
56 26 45
45
45
45
245 63 30 10 2
2
2 30
2 60
2 30 1 30 30 30
30 10 3 1 10
20 20
40 20 20
20 40
, j j
CL R
m Cm
j
j
m
m
j
CL R
C L
e , ) j ( e Z
.
I
.
U
; e
e
Z
.
E
.
I
e ) j ( j Z
j ) j (
j
) j ( j
Z
; j Z ; j Z

2 0 90 1000 2
27 28 0 56 26 1000 245 63
2 4142 1
40 20
245 63
0
0
90 90
56 26
0 0
0
1
) ( i ); t sin( ) t ( i
V , ) ( u ); , t sin( , ) t ( u
e e ,
j
e ,
Z
.
U
.
I
L L
C C
j j
, j
LR
Cm
Lm

Sau khi h kho K:
- V mt l thuyt th U
C
gi mi mc -28,27 V(m trn ca t l m,m
d- i l d- ng).Thc t t s phng in qua khng kh. Thi gian
phng tu thuc vo dn in( m ) ca khng kh.
- Dng phn cn li l i
L
(t)= Ae
- t
+B(t).
B(t) xc nh nh- sau:
) t sin( , ) t ( B e ,
j Z R R
.
B
.
B
L
m
m
0 45
1
45 1000 5 1 5 1
40 40
2 60 0

T .
L
R R
1000
1
; i
L
(t)=Ae
-1000t
+1,5sin(1000t-45
0
).
Khi t=0 th i
L
(0)=- 2 =A+1,5sin(-45
0
)=A-1,5.0,707=A-1,06. A=-0,35
i
L
(t)=-0,35e
-1000t
+1,5sin(1000t-45
0
) [A].

3.20. Mch in hnh 3.61.
V khi ngun t gi tr d- ng bng gi tr
hiu dng th kho K h ra nn:
u(0)=
0 0
135 45
2
1
200
2
200
hoc arcsin ; sin
e e
.
Tr-c khi h kho K mch ch hnh sin xc
lp :
Vi L=50m H , C=20 F th
s / rad
LC
1000
1
0
= nn mch trng thi
Hnh 3.60
C
e(t)
R
L
1
R
K

Hnh 3.61
e(t)
C
L
K
R
R

103
cng h- ng:

L j
C j
R
R Z
1 1
1
2R=100

]; A [ ) sin( ) ( i ; e
j
e
Z
.
U
.
I
;
.
U e
.
I R
.
U ; e
e
Z
.
E
.
I
L
j
j
L
Lm
Lm
Cm
j
m Lm
j
j
m
m
2 45 2 0 2
50
100
100 2
100
200
0 45
45
45 45
45
0
0
0 0
0

] V [ ) sin( ) ( u
C
2 50
2
2
100 45 100 0
0

Sau khi h kho K:Mch tch lm 2 phn:
Mch bn phi :
t
RC
t
c
e e ) t ( u
1000
2 50 2 50
Mch bn tri: ) t ( B Ae ) t ( B Ae ) t ( i
t
t
L
R
L
1000

B(t) l dng c- ng bc hnh sin khi mch ch xc lp mi:

) t sin( ) t ( B
j
e
L j R
E
B
j
m
.
.
1000 2 2
2 2
50 50
200
0
45

] A [ ) t sin( e ) t ( i A ) sin( A ) ( B A ) ( i
) t sin( Ae ) t ( i
t
L L
t
L
1000 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 0
1000 2 2
1000
1000

3.21.Hnh 3.62
a) +Bin l u
C
:
. . , u . , ' u Hay u ' u .
c c c c
4 4 4
10 5 37 10 75 0 150 3 10 4
+Bin l i: ; . i . , ' i
4 4
10 75 10 75 0
+Bin l i
1
:
4
1
4
1
10 5 37 10 75 0 . , i . , ' i
+Bin i
3
: V R
1
=R
2
v mc song song nn dng
nh- i
1

+Bin l i
2
=i
C
: ; i . , ' i 0 10 75 0
2
4
2

b) ) e ( u
t
C
7500
1 50 [V]
] A [ e ) t ( i
] A [ e ) t ( i ]- ; A [ ) e ( ) t ( i ) t ( i
t
t t
7500
7500
2
7500
3 1
5 10
15 1 5

3.22. Hnh 2.21b : =1,5 mS; Hnh 2.21c: =2mS; Hnh 2.21d : =3 mS;
Hnh 3.62
E
C
R
R
R
2
1
i
i i i 2
3 1
K

104
3.23. Hnh 2.63 a)Ph-ng php kinh in :

; B Ae ) t ( i
50
2 , 0
10
L
R
; 10 R // R R R
t 50
t d
2 1 t d

; A ;
R R
E
B A ) ( i
t
) t ( i
;
.
R // R R
E
B ) ( i
t
) t ( i
2 4
20
80
0
0
6
200
15 80
15
50
10
80
0
0
2
2 1

] A [ e i i ) t ( i ]; A [ e ) t ( i
] V [ e ) t ( u E ) t ( u ]; V [ e iR ) t ( u ; ] A [ e ) t ( i
t
R
t
t
R R
t
R
t
50
2 1
50
2
50
2
50 50
4 4 2 2
20 20 20 60 6 2

b) Ph-ng php ton t:Z(p)=R+[R
1
//(R+PL)]=
p ,
p
p ,
) p , (
2 0 15
200 4
2 0 15
2 0 5 10
10
]; A [ e ) e , , ( ) t ( i
,
p p
p
A ; ,
p p
p
A
)
p
A
p
A
(
p
p
.
p p
p ,
.
p ) p ( Z
) p ( E
) p ( I
t t 50 50
2 1
2 1
2 6 5 0 5 1 4
5 0
50
75
5 1
0 50
75
50
4
50
75 4
200 4
15 2 0 80

3.24. Hnh 3.64.
Z(p)=5+
p . . . . p
5 6
10 318 1
10
5
10 10 318 1
10

p .
p ,
5
10 318 1
0159 0 15
; E(p)=
2 2
314
314 100
p
.

)
p
B p B
p
A
(
p
p
.
p
) p ( ,
) p ( .
.
p
.
p ,
p .
.
p
.
) p ( Z
) p ( E
) p ( I
2 2
2 1
2 2
5
2 2
5
2 2
314
943
6280
943
314
314
6280
943 0159 0
314 10 318
314
100 314
0159 0 15
10 318 1
314
100 314

399 0 10 37 63 10 37 6
314 943 314
1 943
0
314 943 943 314
2
4
1
4
2
2
2 1
1
2 2 1
2
1
2 2
, B ; . , B ; . , A
B . A
B B
B A
p B p B p . B p B . A Ap

Hnh 3.63
L
R
R
1
E
R
2
K

Hnh 3.64
e(t)
5
318
10
F
i
i
i
1
2
K

105
)
p
, p . ,
p
. ,
(
2 2
4 4
314
399 0 10 37 6
943
10 37 6
6280
) , t cos( ,
t
e ) t sin , cos , ( .
t
e
) t sin . , cos . , (
t
e . , [
) t sin
,
cos . , (
t
e . , [ ) t ( i
0 943 4 943
4 4 943 4
4 943 4
36 63 314 922 8 4 314 7 12 314 37 6 10 6280 4
314 10 7 12 314 10 37 6 10 37 6 6280
314
314
399 0
314 10 37 6 10 37 6 6280

i(t)=-4e
-943t
+8,922cos(314t-63,36
0
)= 4e
-943t
+8,922sin(314t+26,64
0
) [A]
Ch : bin i dng cng thc :

)
a
b
ctg arc x cos[ b a
)
b
a
tg arc x cos( b a )
b
a
tg arc x sin( b a x sin b x cos a
2 2
0 2 2 2 2
90

2 2
2
4 3 2
4 2
2
4 3
3 2
4 4 3
2
3 2
2 2
2
2 2
4 3 2
2 2
2
2 2
5 2 2 5
314
1885 2
943
2
1885 2 2
842 974 1 943 314
0 943
0
842 974 1 943 943 314
314 943 943 314
842 974 1
10
943 314
420 8 74 9 1
314 10 318
1
943 314
314 62800
10 318 1
10
p
p
p
) p ( I
; B ; B ; A
B A
B B
B A
B p B p B p B A p A
p
B p B
p
A
) p )( p (
) p ( U
) p ( I
) p )( p (
) p ( . ) p )( p (
) p (
p .
). p ( I ) p ( U
C
C
) , t cos( ,
t
e ] t sin t cos [
t
e
] t sin t cos [
t
e ) t ( i
0 943 943
943
2
56 71 314 32 6 2 314 6 324 2 2
314
314
1885
324 2 2

i
2
(t)=2e
-943 t
+6,32cos(314t+71,56
0
).= 2e
-943 t
+6,32sin(314t-18,43
0
).
) p )( p (
p
) p )( p (
p . .
) p )( p (
p . .
pC ). p ( U ) p ( I
C
943 314
6280
943 314
10 318 420 748 19
943 314
10 318 420 748 19
2 2 2 2
6
2 2
6
1

2 2
2 6 5 3
6 3
2
6 5
5 3
6 6 5
2
5 3
2 2
3
2 2
6 5 3
314
8 626 6
943
6
8 626 6 6
0 943 314
6280 943
0
6280 943 943 314
314
943
p
, p
p
) p ( I ; , B ; B ; A
B A
B B
B A
p B p B p B p B A p A
p
B p B
p
A

106

) , t sin( ,
t
e ) , t cos( ,
t
e
) t sin t cos (
t
e ) t sin
,
t cos (
t
e ) t ( i
0 943 0 943
943 943
2
56 71 314 32 6 6 43 18 314 32 6 6
314 2 314 6 6 314
314
8 626
314 6 6

i
1
(t)=- 6e
-943t
+6,32cos(314t-18,43
0
)= - 6e
-943t
+6,32sin(314t+71,56
0
) [A]
Ch :Nu tnh theo cng thc 3.9,tc gii theo kiu BT3.9 s thy n
gin hn nhiu.
3.25. - a v s ton t t- ng - ng nh-
hnh 3.65 s c phng trnh :

p
) ( u
) ( i ) L L (
]
Cp
) L L ( p R R R )[ p ( I
C
L
0
0
1
2 1
2 1 3 2 1

0 0
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
1
4
3
4
1
2
3
1 1
3 3
) ( u ; e e
dt
di
L ) t ( i R ) t ( u
] A [ e e ) e e ( ) t ( i
MN
t
t
MN
t
t
t
t

3.26.Hnh 3.66.
e(t)=100sin(314t-34
0
)=100sin314tcos34
0
-cos314tsin34
0
=83sin314t- 56cos314t
;
314 p
26062 p 56
314 p
p 56
314 p
83 . 314
) p ( E
2 2 2

Mch RLC ni tip :
p
. , p . , p
.
p .
p . ,
pC
pL R ) p ( z
6 3 2
3
6
3
10 46 2 10 42 1
10 282
10 144
1
10 82 2 4
1

) p ( Z
) p ( E
) p ( I
) p )( . , p . , p (
p p
2 2 6 3 2
2
314 10 46 2 10 42 1
26062 56
355
]
. , p . , p
D Cp
p
B Ap
[
6 3 2 2 2
10 46 2 10 42 1 314
355

)
. , P p
P ,
p
, p ,
( ) p ( I
, A ; , C ; D ; , B
D . , B
C . , B . , A
D B . , . A
C A
6 2 2 2
2 6
2 3 6
3
10 46 2 1420
73 0091 0
314
89 2 0091 0
355
0091 0 0091 0 73 89 2
0 314 10 46 2
26062 314 10 42 1 10 46 2
56 10 42 1
0

Hnh 3.65
L
R
1
R 1
R3 L
3
C
2
i(t) M
N
L1.iL1(0)
L2.iL2(0)
p
) ( u
C
0

Hnh 3.66
L
C
e(t)
R
K

107
)
. , P p
P ,
p
, p ,
( ) p ( I
6 2 2 2
10 46 2 1420
73 0091 0
314
89 2 0091 0
355

] V [ ) t sin( e ) t sin( , Ri ) t ( u
] A [ ) t sin( e , ) t sin( , ) t ( i
t
R
t
0 710 0
0 710 0
11 1398 70 45 314 24 18
11 1398 687 17 45 314 56 4

pC
) p ( I ) p ( U
C
1
p
.
) p )( . , p . , p (
p p
144
10
314 10 46 2 10 42 1
26062 56
355
6
2 2 6 3 2
2
=
]
. , p . , p
N Mp
p
K Hp
[ . ,
6 3 2 2 2
6
10 46 2 10 42 1 314
10 46 2

]
. , p . , p
, p . ,
p
. , p . ,
[ . , ) p ( U
. , H M ; , N ; . , K ; . , H
N K . ,
M K H . ,
N K H
H M M H
N Np p M
. , K p . , K Kp p . , H p . , H
C
6 3 2
5
2 2
3 5
6
5 3 5
2 6
2 6
2 2 2
6 3 2 6 2 3
10 46 2 10 42 1
032 0 10 93 2
314
10 29 9 10 93 2
10 46 2
10 93 2 032 0 10 29 9 10 93 2
26062 314 10 46 2
56 314 1420 10 46 2
0 1420
0
314 314
10 46 2 10 42 1 10 46 2 10 42 1

) t cos( e ) t cos( ) t ( u
t
C
0 710 0
38 1398 92 45 314 102 [V]

3.27.Hnh 3.67.
t sin e , ) t ( i ) t ( i
t
R
866 698 7 10
500
1
[A]
t sin e , ) t ( i
t
866 396 15 10
500
2
[A]
) t sin( . e , ) t ( i
t 0 500
3
60 866 66 7 [A]

3.28. Hnh 3.68.

t t
e e ) t ( i
605 195
9 =i
C
(t)

t t
R
t t
L
e , e , ) t ( i ) t ( i
e , e , i ) t ( i
605 195
1
605 195
2
88 11 88 3 8
88 2 88 2 8

3.29. Hnh 3.69.
1. Xut pht t cc phng trnh :
; dt u
L
i ; i i i ; iR u
;
dt
du
C i ; e u u
c L C L R
c
C C R
1

Hnh 3.67
L
R
C
1
R
K
+
_
E
i
i
i
2
3
1

Hnh 3.68
E
K
i
i
i
1
2
C
R
L
+ -
E
2
1

108
T chng minh - c:
n l u
C
:
RC
' e
CL
u
RC
' u
' ' u
c c
c

n l i:
RLC
e
R
" e
LC
i
RC
' i
" i
1

n l i
2
=i
C
:
R
' ' e
LC
i
CR
' i
' ' i
2 2
2

n l i
1
=i
L
:
CRL
e
i
CL
i
CR
i
' "
1 1 1
1 1

2.Thc hin mt s k hiu qua cc thng s mch t quan h L=4R
2
C:

0 0
2
2
2
1
1
2
1 1
2 2
1 1
LC
C
L
C
C
RC
;
C
L
R ;
LC

;
p
E
) p ( e e E ) t ( e
;
) p (
] p p [ R
) p (
]
RC
p
) p [( R
) p ( C
]
RC
p
) p [( RC
) p ( C
p ) p ( RC
) p ( C
p
R
) p ( LC
pL
R
LC p
pL
R
pc
pL
pC
pL
R ) p ( Z
t 0
0
2
0
2
2
0 0
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
2 2
0
2 2
2
1
1
1

]
) p (
C
p
C
p
A
[
R
E
) p )( p (
p
R
E
) p p )( p (
p
R
E
) p ( Z
) p ( e
) p ( I
2
0
2
0
1 0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0 0
2
2
0
2
0
2

Tm cc h s theo cng thc Heviside:

2
0
2
0
2
2
0 0
2
2
0
2
2
0 0
2
2
0
2
2 2 ) (
p
p p
p
A

2
0
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
1
0
2
0
0
2
0
2
2
2 2
2
) (
p
) p (
) p ( ) p ( p
p
]
p
p
[
dp
d
C
p p
p
C

t t t
o
e t C e C Ae
R
E
) t ( i
]
) p (
) ( p
) (
p
) (
[ ) p ( I
0 0
2 1
0
2
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
2
0
2
0
2
1 2 1 2 1

Hnh 3.69
L
R
C
2
K
i

109
] e t
) (
e
) (
e
) (
[
R
E
t o t t
0 0
0
2
2
0
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2 2

b) Cc thng s mch cho ng vi quan h L=4R
2
C =100 ; E
0
=100V ;

t o t t
o
te
) (
e
) (
e
) ( R
E
) t ( i
; . ; ) ( ; ;
,
. ,
0 0
0
2
2
0
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
4 2
0
2 4 2
0 0
4
2 2
10 5 10 100 200
5 0
100
10 25 0
1

t t t
t t t t t t
e t e e
te e e te
.
e
.
e
.
200 200 100
200 200 100 200
4
4
200
4
4
100
4
4
32 16 20
8 4 5 4
10
10 8
10
10 4
10
10 5
25
100

u
R
(t)

=Ri(t)=2000e
-100t
-1600e
-200t
+3200te
-200t
[V]
u
C
(t)=e(t)-u
R
(t)= 1600e
-200t
-3200te
-200t
-1900e
-100t
[V]

3.30. Hnh 3.70 . Dng phng php ton t tm
- c i(t)=2+4,25e
-100t
sin400t [A] ; t tm u
L
, ri
tm u
C
=e-u
L
;
i
R
=u
C
/R; i
C
=i-i
R

u
C
(t)=100-103e
-100t
sin(400t+104
0
) [V]
i
R
(t)=2-2,06e
-100t
sin(400t+104
0
) [A]
i
C
(t)= e
-100t
[4,25sin400t+2,06sin(400t+104
0
)]
=4,49sin400t+28
0
) [A]
bin i i
C
dng cng thc:A
1
sin( t+
1
)+ A
2
sin( t+
2
)= A sin( t+ ) vi

2 2 1 1
2 2 1 1
1 2 1 1
2
2
2
1
cos A cos A
sin A sin A
arctg ; ) cos( A A A A A
3.31. Hnh 3.71. Lp h phng trnh ron t
cho 2 vng thun chiu kim ng h ,tm - c:
) . p p (
p
) p ( I ) p ( I
V
4 2
1
10 2 200
500
i(t)= 5e
-100t
sin100t [A]
i
1
(t)=i
2
(t)= 2,5e
-100t
sin100t [A]

) t ( u ) t ( u ) t ( u ) dt ( Ri ) i ( u
;
dt
di
) M L (
dt
di
M
dt
di
L u
L R C R
L
1 2 1
1

3.32. Hnh3.72 Tm iu kin ban u :
] A [ I
); t sin( ) t ( i ; e
L j R
E
I
L
L
j
m
.
m
.
2
45 100 2 2 2 2
0
0
1
45
0

Hnh 3.70
L
C R
K
E
C
R
i
i
i

Hnh 3.71
K
i
i
i
1
R
2
*
L L
M
1 1
+
_
E
*
uC(t)
1 2

110
+Sau khi ng kho K: Chuyn v s ton t t- ng
- ng cn ch n in p ton t h cmM.I
L10

nhnh 2. Lp h phng trnh ton t vi 2 vng thun
chiu kim ng h .
L I M I
) p ( pMI ) p ( pMI ) p ( pLI ) p ( pLI
I . L ) p ( e ) p ( pMI ) p ( pLI ) p ( I ) pL R (
L L
V V V V
L V V V
0 0
2 1 2 1
0 2 2 1
2 2

]
p
p ,
, p
,
[ ) p ( I
V
4 2
1
10
96 28 1
33 133
28 0
2

] A [ ) t cos( , e ,
] t sin , t cos , [ e , ) t ( i ) t ( i
t ,
t ,
V
0 33 133
33 133
1
37 100 2 3 56 0
100 96 0 100 28 1 2 56 0

]
p
, p . ,
, p
. ,
p
. ,
[ , ) p ( I
V
4 2
3 3 3
2
10
72 0 10 6 9
33 133
10 1 2 10 5 7
33 133
) e , ( ) t cos( ,
)] t cos( . e . , . , [ , ) t ( i ) t ( i
t ,
t ,
V
33 133 0
0 3 33 133 3 3
2 2
28 0 1 37 100 6 1
37 100 12 10 10 1 2 10 5 7 33 133

i
1
(t)=i(t)-i
2
(t)=1+1,6cos(100t-37
0
)+0,28e
-133,33t
[A]

3.33. Mch hnh 3.73.
Gii t- ng t nh- BT3.32 - c

3.34. Mch in hnh 3.74a.
iu kin ban u:
i
L2
(0)=E
2
/R=2 A. S ton t t- ng - ng hnh 3.74b

20
2
1 2 1
20
1
2 2 1
2
L V V V
L V V V
LI
p
E
MpI ) p ( I ) L R ( ) p ( RI
MI
p
E
MpI ) p ( RI ) Lp R )( p ( I

Thay s vo s c :
p
p ,
) p ( I ) p , ( ) p ( I ) p , (
p
p ,
) p ( I ) p , ( ) p ( I ) p , (
V V
V V
120 4 0
2 0 60 1 0 60
240 2 0
1 0 60 2 0 120
2 1
2 1

Hnh 3.72
K
i
i
i
1
R 2
* *
L L
M
1 2
L1.IL10
M.IL10

Hnh 3.73
K
i
i
i1
R
2
* *
L L
M
E
R

] A [ e e i i ) t ( i
) t ( i ] A [ e e ) t ( i
) t ( i ] A [ e ) t ( i
t t
V V
t t
V
t
V
600 200
2 1 1
2
600 200
2
200
1
2
2
2 4

111
(120+0,2p) (60+0,2p)-
(60+0,1p)
2
=0,03(p+200)(p+600).
p
p
p
) p , )( p , (
p
) p , )( p , (
7200 24 120 4 0 1 0 60
240 2 0 2 0 60
1

36 06 0
240 2 0 1 0 60
120 4 0 2 0 120
2
p ,
p
) p , )( p , (
p
) p , )( p , (

]
p
A
p
A
p
A
[
) p )( p ( p ,
p
) p ( I
V
600 200
800
600 200 03 0
7200 24
3 2 1
1
1

3
1
3
1
3
1
10 25 1
600 200
300
10 25 1
200 600
300
10 5 2
0 600 200
300
. ,
p ) p ( p
p
A
. ,
p ) p ( p
p
A ; . ,
p ) p )( p (
p
A

t t
V V
e e ) t ( i ) t ( i ];
p
,
p
,
p
,
[ , ) p ( I
600 200
1 1 1
2
600
25 1
200
25 1 5 2
8 0
) p ( ) p )( p (
p
) p )( p ( ,
p ,
) p ( I
V
200
2
600 200
600
2
600 200 03 0
36 06 0
1
2

] A [ e ) t ( t ) t ( i ) t ( i
] A [ e ) t ( i ) t ( i
t
V V
t
V
600
2 1 3
200
2 2
2
2

3.35.Ch dn: Ph- ng trnh c trng hay( phng trnh c tnh) ca mch l
phng trnh nh thc ton t (p)=0(ca h phng trnh lp theo phng
php dng mch vng hoc in th nt).Lc tnh phn ng F
K
(p) th ngim
ca a thc mu s chnh l nghim ca phng trnh (p)=0.Khi phn tch a
thc mu s thnh cc tha s bc 1 v bc 2 dng m- s l p-p
K
=p+
K
v
p
2
+2
i
p+
i
2
.V trong mch thc bao gi cng c tn hao nn
i
>0v thc t khi
t th cc thnh phn t do l
t
k
k
e A v
t
i
e phi tin ti 0.(Xem cc cng
thc 6,12-14,16 bng3.1).Ngha l cc ngim thc
k
phi l s thc m,cc
nghim phc dng
2 2 2
i i i i i
j j cng phi c phn thc m
,tc cc nghim phi nm na tri ca mt phng phc.

3.36. Hnh 3.75.
L
R
K
E
E
i
i
i
K
L
* *
M
R
2
3
1
1 2
Hnh 3.74
L
R
K
i
i
i
K
L
* *
M
R
2
3
1
1 2
M.IL20
L.IL20
IV1 IV2
1 2
p
E
1
p
E
2
a)
b)

112

3.37. Hnh 3.76.
Hng s thi gian ca mch =RC=500.10
-5
=5.10
-3
s =5mS. H s tt dn ca dao ng:
=1/ =200
Trong khong thi gian 0 t t
X
=12,5mS
u
c
(t)=10(1-e
- t
) =10(1- e
-200t
)[V] ;
u
R
(t)=10 e
-200t
[V]
i(t)=0,02e
-200t
[A] = 20e
-200 t
[mA] ;
Ti t=t
X
=12,5 ms = 12,5.10
-3
s
u
C
(t
X
) 9,18 [V]; i(t
X
) =1,64 [mA]. ;
u
R
(t
X
) 0,82 [V].

Trong khong thi gian t
X
t: l qu
trnh dao ng t do:
u
C
(t)=9,18e
-200(t-tx)
[V]u
R
(t)=- 9,18e
-200(t-tx)
[V]
i
R
(t)=-18,4e
-200(t-tx)
[mA].
th hnh 3.76
3.38.Phn tch t- ng t nh- BT3.37.

3.39.
u(t)=
t s , khi
s , t khi ] V [ t
t khi
01 0 0
01 0 0 2000
0 0

Trong khong thi gian 0 0,01 s: Tc ng l hm tuyn tnh nn s dng
phng php ton t Laplas:
] A [ , e ) , ( ) , ( i s , t i T
] A [ e t ) t ( i
p
p p
) p ( I
p
) p (
C ;
p p
C ;
p
p
A
p
C
p
C
p
A
) p ( p ) p , ( p
) p ( Z
) p ( u
) p ( I
X
t
736 0 2 01 0 200 2 01 0 01 0
2 200 2
200 2
100
2
2
0
100
000 20
200
0 100
000 20
2
100
000 20
100
100
000 20
1 0 10
2000
1
100
2
2
1 2
2
2
2 1
2 2

dt R
) ( de
dt
) ( di
dt
) ( di
;
dt
) ( di
;
R
) ( e
i ) ( i ; ) ( i
LC R
e
i )
LC R
R R
(
dt
di
)
LC R
L C R R
(
dt
di
1
3 1 2
1
3 1 2
1
2
1
2 1 2
1
2 1
2
2
2
0 0 0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0

Hnh 3.75
K
i2
R
L
e
R
C
i
i
3
1
2
1

u(t)
tX 0 t
9,18 V
tX
0 t
10 V
0,82 V
uC(t)
uR(t)
Hnh 3.76
-9,18 V
1
0
V

113
Trong khong thi gian 0,01 s<t
Dao ng t do trong mch vi i(t)=0,736e
-100(t-0,01)
;
i(t
1
)=0,736e
-1
0,270 A; i(t
2
)=0,736e
-2
0,0996 [A].
3.40.
] A ]; V [ [
t s , khi e ,
s , t khi e , e
) t ( i
t s , khi e ,
s , t khi ) e e (
) , t (
t t
) , t (
t t
005 0 3444 0
005 0 0 5 0
005 0 22 17
005 0 0 100
005 0 50
50 100
005 0 50
100 50

3.41.a)
t s , khi ] V [ e
) t ( u c s , t i T
] V ) s , ( u ; s , t s , khi ] V e ,
] V , ) s , ( u ; s , t khi ] V ) e (
) t ( u
) , t (
C
C
) , t (
C
t
C
[ [
[ [
02 0 40
0 01489 0
40 02 0 02 0 01 0 100 2 163
2 63 01 0 01 0 0 1 100
02 0 100
1 1
01 0 100
100

t s , khi ] V [ e
] V [ , ) s , ( u
; s , t s , khi
] V e ,
] V [ , ) s , ( u
s , t khi ] V [ e
) t ( u ) t ( u ) t ( u
) , t (
R
) , t (
R
t
C R
02 0 40
2 60 02 0
02 0 01 0
2 163
8 36 01 0
01 0 0 100
02 0 100
01 0 100
100

t s , khi ] A [ e ,
] A [ , ) s , ( i
; s , t s , khi
] A [ e ,
] A [ , ) s , ( i
; s , t khi ] A [ e
) t ( i
) , t (
) , t (
t
02 0 4 0
6 0 02 0
02 0 01 0
632 1
368 0 01 0
01 0 0
02 0 100
01 0 100
100

u
C
(t),u
R
(t)th hnh 3.77. th i(t) lp li dng u
R
(t)nhng c t l xch
theo trc tung nh hn 100 ln.
b)
2
1
1
2
0
2 t
t
R
t
R
R
dt
R
u
dt
R
u
(t) W

c)q(t)= Cu(t)
C
t[s] 0,01 0
Hnh 3.77.
0,02
63,2
-40
u (t) [ V]
R
t[s] 0,01 0
0,02
100
-163,2
u (t) [ V]
36,8
-60,2
40

114
3.42.
+Tc ng ca xung th nht:
Trong khong thi gian 05 mS: coi tc ng l bc thang.
] A [ , e ) . ( i
s . t i T
. e B e A ) t ( i
,
t
t
L
R
9673 1 5 5 10 5
10 5
5 5
5 0 3
3
100
1 1
~ + =
=
+ = + =

Trong khong thi gian 510 mS:l dao ng t do.
A . , ) s ( i s . t i T
. e , ) t ( i
) . t (
1932 1 10 10 10
9673 1
2 3
3
10 5 100
= =
=

+Tc ng ca xung th hai:
Trong khong thi gian 1015 mS: coi tc ng ca xung th 2 l bc
thang:
] A [ , e , ) s . ( i mS t i T . e . ) t ( i
, , A ,
mS t
B A ; B ; B e A ) t ( i
, ) t (
) t (
6910 2 8068 3 5 10 15 15 5 8068 3
8068 3 5 1932 1 1932 1
10
5
5 0 3 10 100
2 2 2 2 2
10 100
2
2
2
= = = + =
= = =
=
+ = + =

] A [ . , ) s . ( i s . mS t i T . e , ) t ( i
) . t (
6321 1 10 2 10 2 20 6910 2
2 2
3
10 15 100
= = = =

+Trong khong thi gian 2025 mS: coi tc ng ca xung th 3 l bc thang:
] A [ , e , ) s . ( i mS t i T . e , ) t ( i
, , A ,
mS t
B A ; B ; B e A ) t ( i
, ) . t (
) . t (
9572 2 3679 3 5 10 25 25 5 3679 3
3679 3 5 6321 1 6321 1
20
5
5 0 3 10 2 100
3 3 3 3 3
10 2 100
3
2
2
= = = + =
= = =
=
+ = + =

] A [ . , ) s . ( i s . mS t i T . e , ) t ( i
) . t (
7936 1 10 3 10 3 30 9572 2
2 2
3
10 25 100
= = = =

A , e , ) s . ( i mS t i T . e , ) t ( i
, , A ,
mS t
B A ; B ; B e A ) t ( i
, ) . t (
) . t (
0552 3 2064 3 5 10 35 35 5 2064 3
3064 3 5 7936 1 7936 1
30
5
5 0 3 10 3 100
4 4 4 4 4
10 3 100
4
2
2
= = = + =
= = =
=
+ = + =

] A [ . , ) s . ( i s . mS t i T . e , ) t ( i
) . t (
8530 1 10 4 10 4 40 0552 3
2 2
3
10 35 100
= = = =

] A [ , e , ) s . ( i mS t i T . e , ) t ( i
, , A ,
mS t
B A ; B ; B e A ) t ( i
, ) . t (
) . t (
0912 3 147 3 5 10 45 45 5 1470 3
1470 3 5 8530 1 8530 1
40
5
5 0 3 10 3 100
5 5 5 5 5
10 4 100
5
2
2
= = = + =
= = =
=
+ = + =

115
] A [ . , ) s . ( i s . mS t i T . e , ) t ( i
) . t (
8749 1 10 5 10 5 50 0912 3
2 2
3
10 45 100
= = = =

] A [ , e , ) s . ( i mS t i T . e , ) t ( i
, , A ,
mS t
B A ; B ; B e A ) t ( i
, ) . t (
) . t (
1045 3 151 3 5 10 55 55 5 1510 3
1251 3 5 8745 1 8749 1
50
5
5 0 3 10 5 100
5 6 6 6 6
10 5 100
6
2
2
= = = + =
= = =
=
+ = + =


] A [ . , ) s . ( i s . mS t i T . e , ) t ( i
) . t (
8829 1 10 6 10 6 60 1045 3
2 2
3
10 55 100
= = = =

T xungth 7 tr i mch coi nh- chuyn sang ch xc lp vi
I
max
~3,1A;I
min
~1,9A,c th hnh 3.78b.
3.43. V tc ng l hm tuyn tnh nn s gii bng ton t:
+Xung th nht tc ng : Xung th nht c phng trnh l u(t)=20 000t.
=
2
000 20
p
) p ( u S ton t t- ng - ng hnh 3.79 a).T :
;
p
) p (
Cp
R ) p ( Z ;
p Cp
) p ( Z
C
100 100 1 10 1
4
+
= + = = =

;
p p
.
C ;
p
p
.
A
p
C
p
C
p
A
) p ( p
.
) p ( Z ) p ( I ) p ( U ;
) p ( p ) p ( z
) p ( u
) p ( I
C C
000 20
0 100
10 2
200
100
10 2
100
100
10 2
100
200
6
2
2
6
1
2
2 1 1
2
6
=
= +
= =
=
=
+ +
+
=
+
= =
+
= =

+ = =
=
+
=

t e ) t ( u ;
p
) p (
.
C
t
C
000 20 200 200 200
0
100
10 2
100
2
6
1

V , ) , ( u
C
5758 73 01 0 = -y l KB cho xung th hai tc ng .
+Xung th hai tc ng :dch gc to v t
1
=0,01s: =
2
000 20
p
) p ( u S ton
t t- ng - ng hnh 3. b) tnh n iu kin ban u ni trn. T :
u(t)
t tX
tR
E
0
T
Hnh 3.78
t
tX
tR
i(t)
0
T
1,9673
1,1932
2,6910
1,6321
2,9572
1,7936
3,0552
1,8530
3,0912
1,8749
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3,1045
1,8829
3,1
1,9
[A]
a)
b)

116
p
,
p
C
p
C
p
A
p
,
) p ( p
. p ,
p
,
) p ( Z ) p ( I ) p ( U ;
) p ( p
p ,
p
) p (
p
,
p
) p ( I
' ' '
C C
5758 73
100
5758 73
100
10 2 58 7357
5758 73
100
0 20 735758 0
100 100
5758 73 000 20
2 2
6
2
2 1 1
+ + +
+
= +
+
+
=
+ =
+
+
=
+
=

] V [ , ) s , ( u
t e ,
] V [ , ) , t ( , e , ) t ( u
; ,
p
) p (
. p , ) p ( ,
C
;
p ) p (
. p ,
C ; ,
p
p
. p ,
A
C
) , t (
) , t (
C
'
' '
6429 100 02 0
400 000 20 5758 273
5758 73 01 0 000 20 5758 273 5758 273
5758 273
0
100
10 2 58 7357 100 58 7357
000 20
0 100
10 2 58 7357
5758 273
100
10 2 58 7357
01 0 100
01 0 100
2
6
1
6
2
2
6
1
=
+
= + + =
=
=
+
+ +
=
=
= +
+
= =
=
+
=

y l KB cho xung th ba tc ng .
+Xung th ba tc ng :dch gc to v t
1
=0,02s: =
2
000 20
p
) p ( u S ton
t t- ng - ng hnh 3. c) tnh n iu kin ban u ni trn. T :

p
,
) p ( Z ) p ( I ) p ( U ;
) p ( p
p ,
p
) p (
p
,
p
) p ( I
C C
6429 100
100
0 20 006429 1
100 100
6429 100 000 20
2
+ =
+
+
=
+
=

p
,
p
C
p
C
p
A
p
,
) p ( p
. p ,
' ' ' ' ' '
6429 100
100
6429 100
100
10 2 29 10064
2 2
6
2 1 1
+ + +
+
= +
+
+
=
;
p P
. p ,
C ; ,
p
p
. p ,
A
' ' '
000 20
0 100
10 2 29 10064
6429 300
100
10 2 29 10064
6
2
2
6
1 =
= +
+
= =
=
+
=
V , ) s , ( u t e ,
, ) , t ( , e , ) t ( u
; ,
p
) p (
. p , ) p ( ,
C
C
) , t (
) , t (
C
' '
6 110 03 0 000 20 600 6429 300
6429 100 02 0 000 20 6429 300 6429 300
6429 300
0
100
10 2 29 10064 100 29 10064
02 0 100
02 0 100
2
6
1
= + =
= + + =
=
=
+
+ +
=

a) b)
Hnh 3.79
R
C
p
000 20
R
C
p
000 20
p
,5758 73
R
C
p
000 20
p
,6429 100
c)

117
y l KB cho xung th t- tc ng .
+Xung th t- tc ng :dch gc to v t
1
=0,03s: =
2
000 20
p
) p ( u
S ton t t- ng - ng ch khc iu kin ban u ni trn. T :

p
,
p
C
p
C
p
A
p
,
) p ( p
. p
p
,
) p ( Z ) p ( I ) p ( U ;
) p ( p
p ,
p
) p (
p
,
p
) p ( I
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
C C
6 110
100
6 110
100
10 2 11060
6429 100
100
0 20 106 1
100 100
6 110 000 20
2 2
6
2
2 1 1
+ + +
+
= +
+
+
=
+ =
+
+
=
+
=

;
p P
. p
C ; ,
p
p
. p
A
' ' ' ' ' '
000 20
0 100
10 2 10060
6 310
100
10 2 10060
6
2
2
6
1 =
= +
+
= =
=
+
=

V , ) s , ( u
t e ,
, ) , t ( , e , ) t ( u
; ,
p
) p (
. p ) p (
C
C
) , t (
) , t (
C
' '
26 114 04 0
000 20 800 6 310
6 110 03 0 000 20 6 310 6 310
6 310
0
100
10 2 10064 100 10060
03 0 100
03 0 100
2
6
1
=
+ =
+ + =
=
=
+
+ +
=

y l KB cho xung th nm tc ng .

+Xung th nm tc ng :dch gc to v t
1
=0,04s:
=
2
000 20
p
) p ( u S ton t t- ng - ng ch khc iu kin ban u ni
trn. T :

p
,
) p ( Z ) p ( I ) p ( U ;
) p ( p
p ,
p
) p (
p
,
p
) p ( I
C C
26 114
100
0 20 1426 1
100 100
26 114 000 20
2
+ =
+
+
=
+
=

p
,
p
E
p
E
p
D
p
,
) p ( p
. p 26 114
100
26 114
100
10 2 11426
2
1
2
6
2 1
+ + +
+
= +
+
+
=
;
p P
. p
E ; ,
p
p
. p
D 000 20
0 100
10 2 11426
26 314
100
10 2 11426
6
2
2
6
1
=
= +
+
= =
=
+
=

V , ) s , ( u
t e ,
, ) , t ( , e , ) t ( u
; ,
p
) p (
. p ) p (
E
C
) , t (
) , t (
C
6 115 05 0
000 20 1000 6 314
26 114 04 0 000 20 26 314 6 314
26 314
0
100
10 2 10064 100 11426
04 0 100
04 0 100
2
6
1
=
+
= + + =
=
=
+
+ +
=

118
y l KB cho xung th su tc ng .

+Xung th su tc ng :dch gc to v t
1
=0,05s:
=
2
000 20
p
) p ( u S ton t t- ng - ng ch khc iu
kin ban u ni trn. T :

p
,
p
E
p
E
p
' D
p
,
) p ( p
. p
p
,
) p ( Z ) p ( I ) p ( U ;
) p ( p
p ,
p
) p (
p
,
p
) p ( I
' '
C C
6 115
100
6 115
100
10 2 11560
6 115
100
0 20 156 1
100 100
6 115 000 20
2
1
2
6
2
2 1
+ + +
+
= +
+
+
=
+ =
+
+
=
+
=

; ' E ; ,
p
p
. p
' D 000 20 6 315
100
10 2 11560
2
2
6
1
= =
=
+
= E
1
=-315,6

V , ) s , ( u
t e ,
, ) , t ( , e , ) t ( u
C
) , t (
) , t (
C
1 116 06 0
000 20 1200 6 315
6 115 05 0 000 20 6 315 6 315
05 0 100
05 0 100
=
+
+ + =

y l KB cho xung th su tc ng .

n y qu trnh qu gn nh- xc lp . th l - ng m nt hnh 3.80

t
tX 0
Hnh 3.80
73,5758
100,6426
110,6 114,26
115,5
116,1

3.44. th in p u
C
(t) hnh 3.81

t
tX
0
Hnh 3.81
T
h
u(t)
[mS]
2 3 5 6 8
9
11
6,362
17,293
18,154
6,678
18,198
6,694
18,199

3.45.Ch dn : Gii bng ton t t- ng t nh- BT 3.43.
119
- 02mS :Vit phng trnh xung in p th nht ri chuyn sang dng
ton t tnh u
C
(t); xc nh u
C
(2mS).
- 24mS :Dch gc to n t
1
=2mS.Lp s ton t t- ng - ng tnh
n KB l U
C
(2mS).Tm u
C
(t-t
1
)
- Sau 4mS : Dao ng t do.
3.46. Hnh 3.82. Nhn xt cc thng s ca mch: e=10
6
rad/s=e
0
=
LC
1
-Mch
cng h- ng ; f=e/2t=159 155 Hz; Chu k ca dao ng cao tn T
0
=1/f
0
=6,2832
ms; t
X
=6,2832ms
=6,2832.10
-3
s
=1000T
0
. Tc
mi chui xung
hnh sin gm
1000 chu k dao
ng cao tn .
;
C
L
O = = 100
Q=R/=10 000/100=100. Thi gian xc lp t
XL
=6Q/e
0
=6.10
-4
s=0,6ms(c phn
Qu trnh thit lp dao ng hnh sin trong mch RLC song song )
Trong khong thi gian xung th nht tc ng 0t
X
=06,2832mS;

)
p . . p
B p A
p
B p A
( .
) p . . p )( p (
p .
). p . . p (
p
p
p
) p p ( C
p ) p ( I
) p ( Y
) p ( I
) p ( U ) p ( U
p
) p ( Z ; .
.
.
C
g
;
LC
; g ;
p
) p p ( C
pL
)
LC C
g
p p ( CL
pL
CL p gpL
pL
pC g ) p ( Y ;
p
p
) p ( I
C
C
12 3 2
2 2
12 2
1 1 8
12 3 2 12 2
2 8
8 12 3 2 12 2 2 2
0 0
8
3
8
4
6
0
4
4
2 2
2
2
12 2
0
10 10 5 2 10
10 2
10 10 5 2 10
10 2
10 10 10 5 2 10
2
2
10
10 5
10 2
10
2
10
1
1
10
10
1
2
1
1 1
10
2
0
0
+ +
+
+
+
+
=
+ + +
=
+ + +
=
e + o +
= = =
= = = = o = = e = =
e + o +
=
+ +
=
+ +
= + + =
+
=

2 12
2
2
2
12
2
3
2
12
1
3
1
2
1
12
1
2
1
3 3
1
10 10
10 10 5 2 10 10 5 2
p . . B P B p . A p A
. B p . . B p B . p A p A . . p A
= + + +
+ + + + + +

= =
= =
=
= +
= + +
= + +
= +
4
2
4
1
2 1
2 1
12
2
12
1
12
2
3
1
12
1
2 1 1
3
2 1
10 10
0
0 10 10
0 10 10 5 2 10
1 10 5 2
0
A ; A
B B
A A
. B . B
. A . . . B . A
B B A . .
A A

]
. . p
p
p
p
[ . ]
. . p
p
p
p
[ . ) p ( U
C
12 3 2 12 2
4
12 3 2
4
12 2
4
8
10 10 5 2 10
10 2
10 10 5 2
10
10
10
10 2
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
=

Hnh 3.82.
i (t)
0
u(t)
a)
iL (t)
t
tX
i0 (t)
T
b)

120
] V [ t cos ) e ( . )] t sin , t (cos e t [cos . ) t ( u
t . t .
C
6 103 5 4 6 6 10 5 6 4
10 1 10 2 10 01 0 10 10 10 2
3

~ ~

(in p ny ln v mch cng h-ng .)

] A [ t sin ) e ( . ) t sin e t sin ( . ) t ( i
]
p . . p p
[ .
. p
) p ( u
Lp
) p ( u
) p ( I
t . t .
L
L
6 10 5 2 6 10 5 6 6 6 8
12 3 2 12 2 4
10 1 10 2 10 10 10 10 10 2
10 10 5 2
1
10
1
108 2
10
3 3

= =
+ +
+
= = =

( Dng i qua L ln v mch cng h-ng .)
Kt thc xung th nht : qu trnh dao ng t do .iu kin ban u ca
dao ng t do:
u
C
(t
X
)= ] V [ . . , . cos ) e ( .
. , . . 4 3 6 10 2832 6 10 5 4
10 2 10 2832 6 10 1 10 2
3 3
~

i
L
(t
X
)= ] A [ . , . sin ) e ( .
. , . .
3 10 2832 6 10 1 10 2
3 6 10 2832 6 10 5 2
3 3
~

T c s ton t hnh3.83a),- a v hnh 3.83.b)

Ngun dng ton t chung:
=
e + o +
= =
=
=

) p . p ( C
p ). p ( I
) p ( Y
) p ( I
) p ( U
); p ( I
p
p .
p
3
- .2.10 10
ng ng
ng
4 8 -
2
0
2
4
2
3 10 2

) t t ( cos e . . )] t t ( sin . ) t t ( cos . [ e
) t sin
. . . .
t cos . ( e ) t ( u ) t ( u
p . . p
. p .
) p . . p (
p .
X
) t t ( .
X X
) t t ( .
t .
C
X X
~

+ = =
+ +

=
+ +

=

6 10 5 4 6 2 6 4 10 5
6
6
3 4 8
6 4 10 5
12 3 2
8 4
12 3 2 8
4
10 10 2 10 10 2 10 10 2
10
10
10 5 10 2 10 3
10 10 2
10 10 5 2
10 3 10 2
10 10 5 2 10
3 10 2
3 3
3

y l dao ng t do,tt dn. Vi t=3t
X
th 0
832 62 10 2832 6 2 5000
3
~ =

, . , . .
e e
nn u(T)~0,tc qu trnh qu kt thc.(Tht vy ,nh- ban u ta nhn xt
l thi gian qu trnh qu ch l t
XL
=0,6 ms).
Cc xung tip theo bt u khi qu trnh qu ca xung tr- c n tc ng
kt thc nn cc dao ng c dng lp li nh- chu k u.Kt qu c th vit
- c cc biu thc gii tch t- ng ng cho tng xung tip theo tc ng vi gc
to - c dch t- ng ng.

3.47. S ton t t- ng - ng hnh 3.84 c :

(*)
p
p
) p ( . p
) p ( p
) p ( I
) p ( E
) p ( Z
) p ( p
) p (
, p p
) p ( I ;
p
) p ( E
2
3 2
2 24
3 2 24
3 2
2 24
5 1
4 16 24
+
+
=
+
+
= =
+
+
=
+
= =

u (p)
Hnh 3.83
+
-
C.UC0. IL0/p
u (p)
a)
b)

Hnh 3.84.
Lp
R
E(p)
1
2
i (p)
R
R
2

121
Mt khc theo s hnh 3.84 th tng tr ton t l :
=
+ +
+ + + +
=
+ +
+
+ =
pL R R
pL R R R RLp ) R R ( R
pL R R
) pL R ( R
R ) p ( Z
2 1
2 2 1 2 1
2 1
1 2

(**)
pL R R
R R R . R R . R Lp ) R R (
+ +
+ + + +
2 1
2 1 2 1 2

ng nht (*) v (**) s c :
K . ) p (
K ). p (
pL R R
R R RR RR p ) R R ( L
2
3 2
2 1
2 1 2 1 2
+
+
=
+ +
+ + + +

T biu thc cui ta c h 4 phng trnh nh- sau:
=
= +
= + +
= +
K L
K R R
K R R RR RR
K ) R R ( L
2
3
2
2 1
2 1 2 1
2
Gii h phng trnh ny nh- sau:
Thay L=K vo s c :
K L R L R R
R L R L R
L R R ) R R ( R
R R
L R R
L R R RR RR
R R
= + = = +
+ = =
= + +
=
= +
= + +
= +
2 4 4 2 0 4 4
2 2 2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2 1
2 1 2 1
2
2 1
2 1 2 1
2

Nu ly R=2- K L = 2 th phi ly 4 0 2 < > K Hay K ;
T 4
4
1
4
1
0 2 2
1 2
< < > > = = = K n N K K K R ; K R R
V d chn K=1 L=1 H,R=1O;=1O ;R
1
=1 O.

3.48. Cng s ton t hnh 3.84, thc hin t- ng
t BT3.47.ri c th chn K c
H L ; R R R 1 1
2 1
= O = = =

3.49. Hnh 3.85.
e(p)=
) p ( p p p 10
10
10
1 1
+
=
+

LC p
R Lp LCR p
LC p
Lp
R ) p ( Z ;
LC p
Lp
Cp
pL
C
L
) p ( Z
CL
2
2
2 2
1 1 1
1
+
+ +
=
+
+ =
+
=
+
=

=
+ + + +
+
= =
) LC p (
Lp
) R Lp CLR p )( p ( p
) LC p (
) p ( Z
) p ( Z
) p ( e
) p ( U
CL C
2 2
2
1 10
1 10

R
e(t)
C
L
Hnh 3.85.
K

122

) p ( N
) p ( M
p
A
p
A
p
A
p p p
)
LC RC
p
p )( p (
RC
) R Lp CLR p )( p (
L
=
+
+
+
+
+
=
+
+
+
+
=
+ + +
=
+ + +
50 20 10
50
12
7
20
3
7
10
4
7
1
10
10
10
10
3 2 1
2
2

Cng thc Heviside
) p ( ' N
) p ( M
A
k
k
K
= dng tnh cc h s trn.p dng cng
thc Heviside lp h phng trnh nh- sau:

RC LC
p
RC
p
p
RC
) p ( ' N
) p ( M
) R Lp CLR p )( p (
L
) p ( N
) p ( M
10 1
20 2 3
10
10
10
2
2
+ + + +
=
+ + +
=

Nh- vy:
0 7 80 700 10 7 70 700
1
4
7
10 100
10
10 10
20
1
2 3
10
10
2
= + = +
=
+
=
=
=
+ + + +
=
=
R L RLC L R L RLC
) (
R L RLC
L
p
RC
p
LC RC
p
p
RC
p ) p ( ' N
) p ( M

) (
R L RCL
L
p
RC
p
LC RC
p
p
RC
p ) p ( ' N
) p ( M
2
3
7
30 800
10
20 10
20
1
2 3
10
20
2
=
+
=
=
=
+ + + +
=
=
) (
R L RLC
L
p
RC
p
LC RC
p
p
RC
p ) p ( ' N
) p ( M
3
12
7
90 6500
10
50 10
20
1
2 3
10
50
2
=
+
=
=
=
+ + + +
=
=
T (1),(2) v (3) lp - c h phng trnh :
) (
R L RLC
R L RLC
R L RLC
4
12 90 6500
3 30 800
4 10 100
= +
= +
= +

Gii 4 - c: L=0,7 H; R=10 O ; C=0,01/ 7 F= F , F ~ 00143 0
700
1

C th kim tra li kt qu nhn -c nh- sau:
Thay cc tr s ca R,L v C vo cng thc U
C
(p) s - c:

) p )( p )( p (
) p p )( p ( ) R Lp CLR p )( p (
L
) p ( U
,
C ; , L ; R
C
50 20 10
700
1000 70 10
700
10
10
2
7
01 0
7 0 10
2
+ + +
=
+ + +
=
+ + +
=
= = =

123

12
7
50 20 10
700
50
50
3
7
20 50 10
700
20
20
4
7
10 50 20
700
10
10
3
2
1
=
= + +
=
=
+ =
=
= + +
=
=
+ =
=
= + +
=
=
+ =
p ) p )( p ( p
) p )( p ( U A
;
p ) p )( p ( p
) p )( p ( U A
;
p ) p )( p ( p
) p )( p ( U A
C
C
C

Hoc: thay cc tr s ca R,L,C nhn - c t trn vo mch,vi tc ng
ton t l
) p ( p 10
10
+
s nhn - c :

50
12
7
20
3
7
10
4
7
50 20 10
700
+
+
+
+
=
+ + +
=
p p p ) p )( p )( p (
) p ( U
C

Tc s c
t t t
C
e e e ) t ( u
50 20 10
12
7
3
7
4
7

+ = !!!

3.50. a) ph-ng php ton t:
) e e ( ) t ( u
p p
) p ( U
p ) p (
.
A ;
p ) p (
.
A ;
p
A
p
A
) p )( p (
.
p ) p )( p (
. p ,
) p ( Z ) p ( I ) p ( U ;
) p )( p (
p ,
) . p )( p (
p
)
p
)( p (
Cp
R
) p ( e
) p ( I ;
p
) p ( e
t t
C C
C C
100 50
3
2
3
1
2 1
3 5
5 6
100
50
100
100
100
100
50 100
10 5
100
100 50
10 5
50 100
50 100
10 5
50 100
10 05 0
50 100
05 0
10 2000 100
100
10
2000 100
100
1
100
100

=
+
+
+
=
=
= +
= =
= +
=
+
+
+
=
+ +
=
+ +
= =
+ +
=
+ +
=
+ +
=
+
=
+
=

b) Ph-ng php tch phn Duhament.
Tm c tnh qu h
C
(t):
Khi mch chu tc ng ca ngun bc thang E th c u
C
(t)=E(1-e
-ot
)=E(1-e
-50t
);
t ' t t
C
e ) t ( f ; ) ( f ; e ) t ( f ; e ) t ( h
100 4
1 1
100
1
50
10 100 0 100 1

= = = =
} }
}
}
}
=
=
=
= =

t t
x x t t
t
x t ) x t t
t
x ) x t ( ) x t ( t
t
x ) x t ( t
c
dx ] e dx e [ e ) e (
dx )] e e e e [ ) e (
dx )] e e e [ ) e (
dx ) e .( e ) e ( ) t ( f ) t ( u
0 0
50 100 100 4 50
0
50 100 100 100 4 50
0
50 100 100 4 50
0
50 100 4 50
2
10 1 100
10 1 100
10 1 100
1 10 1 100

124
) e e ( e e e
] e e [ ) e ( ]
e e
[ e ) e (
]
e e
[ e ) e ( ]
t
e
t
e
[ e ) e (
t t t t t
t t t
t t
t t
t t
t t
x x
t t
100 50 100 50 50
100 50 2 50
50 100
100 4 50
50 100
100 4 50
50 100
100 4 50
100 100 200 100 100 100
2 1 10 1 100
100
1
100
2
10 1 100
50
1
100
1
10 1 100
0 50 0 100
10 1 100

= +
= + = +
=
c) Ph-ng php tch phn Green: g(t)=h(t)=50e
-50t
.
) e ( e dx e e dx e e ) t ( f
t t
t
x t x
t
) x t (
1 100 5000 100 50
50 50
0
50 50 100
0
50
2
= = =

} }

) e e (
t t 100 50
100

V ) , , (
) e e ( u
; s ,
ln
t e
e e khi ) e e (
) e e ( ) t ( ' u
); e e ( ) t ( u
, . , .
max C
t
t t t t
t t
C
t t
C
25 25 0 5 0 100
100
01386 0
50
2
2
2 0 2 5000
100 50 100
100
01386 0 100 01386 0 50
50
100 50 100 50
100 50
100 50
=
= =
= = =
= = +
= + =
=

d) v th ta kho xt hm u
C
(t)
u
C
(0)=0 ; u
C
( )=0
V ) , , ( ) e e ( u
; s ,
ln
t e e e khi
) e e ( ) e e ( ) t ( ' u ); e e ( ) t ( u
, . , .
max C
t t t
t t t t
C
t t
C
25 25 0 5 0 100 100
01386 0
50
2
2 2 0
2 5000 100 50 100 100
01386 0 100 01386 0 50
50 100 50
100 50 100 50 100 50
= = =
= = = = =
+ = + = =

th hnh 3.86

3.51. Hnh 3.87.
a) Ph- ng php tch phn Duhament
+ Xc nh c tnh qu h
i2
(t) (Xem BT3.4)
Mun vy ta cho tc ng l ngun bc
thang n v E=1V.Lc th dng
i
2
=Ae
-ot+
B=h
i2
(t) .
375
1
~ = o
C R
td
;
B=i
2
(t )=i
2
()=0;i
2
(0)= 01875 0
1
3 2
3
3 2 1
,
R R
R
.
) R // R ( R
=
+ +

h
i2
(t) = 0,01875e
-375t
.
+ Tnh tch phn Duhament:
uC(t)
t [s]
0,01386
25V
Hnh 3.86.

20
e(t)
C
20
30
R
R
R
1
3
2
2
i
Hnh 3.87.

125
e(t)=128e
-100t
;e(0)=0 ; e(t)=128(e
-100t
-100t e
-100t
)=128 e
-100t
(1-100t)
Ly tch phn:

;
e
dx e M
] N M [ e , ] dx xe dx e [ e ,
dx e ) x ( e , . dx ) x t ( h ) x ( ' e ) t ( i
t t
x
t
t
x
t
) x t
t
) x t ( x
t
275
1
4 2 100 4 2
100 1 01875 0 128
275
0
275
375
0
275
0
275 375
0
375 100
0
2
= =
=
= = =
}
} }
} }

=
= =
(
(
(
= =
= =
= =

} }
t t
t t t
t t t t t
t
t t
t x t
x
x
t
x
e . , e . , ]
e e e
t .[
e e
[ , ]
e e
t .[
e
[ e , ) t ( i
]
e e
t .[
] dx
e e
t .[
e
v ; dx e dv
dx du ; x u
dx xe N
375 3 100 3
2
375 100 100
375 100
2
275 275 275
375
2
2
275 275
0
275 275
275
275
0
275
10 7272 8 10 7272 8
275
275
100
275
4 2
275
1
275
100
275
1
4 2
275
1
275
100
275 275
100
275
100

= +
t t t
e . , e . , te ,
375 3 100 3 100
10 1735 3 10 1735 3 87272 0

t t t
e , e t , e ,
375 100 100
0119 0 8727 0 0119 0

[A]

b) Ph- ng php ton t:

2
2 1
2 2
2
3 2
3
2
2 2
23
6
2
2
100
100 375
375 100
4 2
240 50 375 100
30 240
4
12000 50 375 100
30 240
4
375 100
240
4
375 32 100
240 128
240
375 32
240
12000 32
20
240
7200 12
240
7200 12
1200 5
12000 20 3
12000 20
30
12000 20
30
12000 20 12000
20
33 83
10
20
100
128
) p (
C
p
C
p
A
) p .( ) p (
p ,
) p ( ) p .( ) p (
p ) p (
.
) p )( p .( ) p (
p ) p (
.
Z Z
Z ) p ( I
) p ( I
.
) p .( ) p (
) p (
.
) p ( . ) p (
) p (
) p ( I
;
p
) p (
p
p
p
p
Z
;
p
p
p
) p (
p
p
p
p
Z
;
p
p
p p . ,
Z ;
) p (
) p ( e
+
+
+
+
+
=
+ +
=
+ + +
+
=
+ + +
+
=
+
=
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
= +
+
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
+
=
+
= + ~ + =
+
=

126
; ,
p p
p ,
C ; ,
p
) p (
p ,
A 8727 0
100 375
4 2
0119 0
375
100
4 2
2
2
=
= +
= =
=
+
=
t t t t t t
te , ) e e ( , e , te . , e , ) t ( i
,
p
) p (
p , ) p ( ,
C
100 375 100 100 100 375
2
2
1
8727 0 0119 0 0119 0 8727 0 0119 0
0119 0
100
375
4 2 375 4 2

= + =
=
=
+
+
=

Ht ch-ng3
127
Ch-ng 4
tn hiu v ph ca tn hiu

Tm tt l thuyt
Tn hiu in ni chung l mt dao ng in c cha tin tc trong n.N
thng - c k hiu l s(t)-signal- l in p hay dng in ,- c biu din
nh- mt hm ca bin thi gian . tm hiu cu trc tn s trong tn hiu ng- i
ta thng dng cng c chui Fourrie v tch phn Fourrie .
Mt tn hiu s(t) tun hon (v hn )vi chu k T th n s - c phn tch
thnh chui Fourrie dng sau:
) t k cos( A
) t k cos( A A ) t k sin b t k cos a (
a
) t ( s
k
k
k
k
k
k
k
k k k
0
1
1
1 0
1
1
0
2
(4.1)
Trong :

T
2
1
(4.2.)
-gi l tn s (sng) c bn- l tn s gc ca tn hiu tun hon (k=1).

k
k
1
,k = 2,3,4,sng hi bc k.

k
k
k k k k
T
T
k
T
T
k
T
T
a
b
tg arc ; b a A
... , , , k ; dt t k sin ) t ( s
T
b ; dt t k cos ) t ( s
T
a
) k ( ; dt ) t ( s
T
a
2 2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
0
4 3 2 1
2 2
0
2
; (4.3)
C th biu din dng phc nh- sau
) . ( () dt e ) t ( s
T
e C
.
C
) . ( ) t k cos( C C e
.
C ) t ( s
T
T
t jk j
k
k
k
k k
t jk
k
k
5 4
1
4 4 2
2
2
1
1 0
1
1

Trong (4.1.) cc thnh phn th k (vi k=0,1,2,3..) c bin A
k
, gc
pha u t- ng ng l
k
gi l sng hi bc k ca tn hiu . th ca A
k
biu
128
din theo trc tn s gi l ph bin , th ca
k
biu din theo trc tn s
gi l ph pha .Trong cng thc (4.4) th bin l A
k
=2C
k
.,ring A
0
=C
0

Cng thc (4.2) hoc (4.5) gi l cng thc bin i Fourrie thun , cho
php tm ph ca tn hiu khi bit tn hiu .Cng thc (4.1) hoc (4.4) gi l
cng thc bin i Fourrie ng- c , cho php tm tn hiu(biu din d- i dng
tng ca cc dao ng hnh sin) khi bit ph ca n .
Nu s(t) l hm chn th b
k
=0
n
k
k
; t k cos a
a
) t ( s
1
1
0
2
(4.6)
Nu s(t) l hm l th a
k
=0
n
k
k
; t k cos b ) t ( s
1
1
(4.7)
Ch :Khi phn tch ph ca tn hiu tun hon c th s dng cng thc
trn tu , cho ra cng kt qu.Tuy nhin nn phn tch tin hn nh- sau:
Nu tn hiu l hm l-dng cng thc (4.7),tc tm b
k
theo 4.3.,lc
A
k
=b
k
. Nu tn hiu l hm chn-dng cng thc (4.6),tc tm a
k
theo 4.3.,lc
A
k
=a
k
. Nu tn hiu l hm khng chn khng l-dng cng thc (4.4),tc tm
.
C
k

theo 4.5.,lc A
k
=2.C
k
.
Mt tn hiu s(t) khng tun hon th dng cp cng thc tch phn
Fourrie :

2
1
1
9 4
8 4
2
1
t
t
t jk
t j
) . ( dt e ) t ( s ) (
.
G ) (
.
S
) . ( d e ) (
.
S ) t ( s

Trong hm ) (
.
S [hay cn k hiu l ) (
.
G ] gi l hm mt ph hay
gi tt l hm ph ca tn hiu . l mt hm phc:
) (
.
S =I ) (
.
S Ie
j ( )
=S(j ) e
j ( )
.
Cng thc (4.9) gi l cng thc tch phn Fourrie thun , cho php tm
ph ca tn hiu khi bit tn hiu .Cng thc (4.8) gi l cng thc tch phn
Fourrie ng- c , cho php tm tn hiu khi bit hm ph ca n .Vi cng thc
(4.8)ta cng biu din tn hiu khng d- i dng tng ca cc dao ng hnh sin
gm mi tn s c bin phc v cng nh l d ) j (
.
S
.
S d
m
2
1
.
Tn hiu nhn -c bng cch bin i cc i l- ng vt l (cn truyn
i) thnh cc dao ng in gi l tn hiu s cp (tn hiu t- ng t analog).
truyn n i cn mt sng mang (hoc ti tin carrier)- l mt dao ng hnh sin
cao tn .
Tn hiu s cp k hiu l u (t),sng mang k hiu u
0
(t)=U
0m
cos(
0
t+
0
)
= U
0m
cos(2 f
0
t+
0
)
Tn hiu iu bin n m l mt s s cp :
129
u (t)=U
m
cos( t+ )= U
m
cos(2 Ft+ )
Tn hiu iu bin n m:
u
b
(t)=U
0m
[1+mcos( t+ )]cos(
0
t+
0
) (4.10)
Trong m l su iu bin :
m=
m
m
U
aU
0
1 (4.11)
Khi tnh trong cc bi tp hng s a thng coi bng 1.
m c th xc nh trn th theo hnh 4.1 gi tr max v min ca tn
hiu iu bin n m.
m
min max
min max
min max
U
U U
U U
U U
m
0
2

(4.12.)
Biu thc (4.10 )c th phn
tch thnh:
] t ) cos([ U
] t ) cos([ U
) t cos( U ) t ( u
m
m
om db
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
2
1
2
1
(4.13)
Cng thc (4.13) cho thy tn
hiu iu bin n m c ba vch ph
nh- hnh 4.2a.
Vi tn hiu s cp a m
u ) t cos( U ) t (
i i
N
i
m i
1
- - c
coi l tng ca N dao ng iu ho
,tc i=1 N th biu thc ca tn hiu
iu bin a m s l :

N
i
i i i m
N
i
i i i m m
N N N
m N N m
m m m db
) t ) cos[( m U
) t ) cos[( m U ) t cos( U
) t cos( )] t cos( m ... ) t cos( m
) t cos( m [ U ) t cos( )] t cos( aU
... ) t cos( aU ) t cos( aU U [ ) t ( u
N
1
0 0 0
1
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 2 2 2
1 1 1 0 0 0
2 2 1 1 0
2
1
2
1
1
2 1
(4.14)

om
m
om
m
i
U
U
a U
aU
m
i i
1
(4.15)
Hnh 4.1
ub(t)
Umax
Umin
t
0 0 0
2
0m
mU
2
0m
mU
U0m
+
_
0
Bin
a)
0
0
0
U0m
+
_
0
b)
0+ 0
_
N N
1
1
Hnh 4.2
Bin

130
1
1
2
N
i
i
m m (4.16)
Ph ca tn hiu iu bin a m - c biu biu din t- ng trng nh-
th hnh 4.2b.T b rng ph ca tn hiu iu bin l =2
N
hay F=2F
N
Vi tn hiu s cp n m u (t)=U
m
cos t v sng mang
u
0
(t)=U
0m
cos(
0
t+
0
) th biu thc ca tn hiu iu tn v iu pha s l cc
biu thc (4.17)v (4.18) t- ng ng :
u
t
=U
0m
cos(
0t
+ m
t
sin t+
0
) (4.17)
u
t
=U
0m
cos(
0t
+ m
f
cos t+
0
) (4.18)
Trong m-Ch s( su) iu tn (iu pha) :

m m
dt
U
a
aU
m
1
(4.19)

m
m df
U
a
aU m
1
(4.20)
Ly o hm pha tc thi s cho tn s ca tn hiu .
Vi tn hiu iu tn:
) t ( t cos aU t cos m ) t (
m dt dt 0 0 0
(4.21)
Trong l- ng bin thin tn s (t) gi l dch tn hoc di
tn.
m
=aU
m
gi l di tn cc i.
Vi tn hiu iu pha:
) t ( t sin U a t sin m ) t (
m df df 0 0 0
(4.22)
Trong l- ng bin thin tn s (t) gi l dch tn hoc di tn.
m
=a U
m
gi l di tn cc i.
Tn hiu iu tn v iu pha c gc pha tc thi bin thin nn gi chung
l tn hiu iu gc,v d biu thc tn hiu iu gc n m
u
g
(t)=U
0m
cos(
0
t+msin t) .Mun bit cu trc ph ca n ng- i ta dng hm
J
n
(m)- Hm Besselle loi mt bc n ca bin s m, phn tch .Lc s c:
u
g
(t)=U
0m
cos(
0
t+msin t)=U
0m
J
0
(m)cos(
0
t)
+ U
0m
J
1
(m)[cos(
0
+ )t - cos(
0
- )t]
+ U
0m
J
2
(m)[cos(
0
+2 )t + cos(
0
-2 )t]
+ U
0m
J
3
(m)[cos(
0
+3 )t - cos(
0
-3 )t]
+ U
0m
J
4
(m)[cos(
0
+4 )t + cos(
0
- 4 )t]
+.. (4.23)
Cng thc (4.23) cho thy ngay c khi iu gc n m th v mt l
thuyt ph ca tn hiu rng v cng . Thc t khi n>m th J
n
(m) 0 nn ph
ly : =2(m+1) . (4.24)
Nu m >>1 th 2m . (4.25)
nh l Cochenhicop :
k
C
C
) t k t (
) t k t ( sin
) t k ( s ) t ( s (4.26)
131
Cng thc (4.26) gi l chui Cochenhicop.Theo tn hiu s(t) lin tc
c ph 0
C
=2 F
C
- c xc nh bi chui ri rc (4.26) (chui Cochenhicop)
nu cc im ri rc k t tho mn :

C
F
t
2
1
(4.27)
Lin h gia cc c tnh ca tn hiu v cc c tnh ca mch:
Nu tc ng l f
1
(t) c ph ) j (
.
S
1
v mch c c tnh tn s l T(j ) th
phn ng l f
2
(t)s - c xc nh:
) . ( d e ) j ( ) j ( T ) t ( f
t j
.
S
27 4
2
1
1 2

) j ( ) j ( ) j ( T
S S
. .
2 1
(4.28)
H(p) l nh ton t ca c tnh qu h(t), H(p)=T(p) gi l hm truyn
t ton t ca mch.

p j
) j ( T ) p ( T ) p ( H (4.29)
Khi tc ng l xung Dirac (t) c ph 1 ) j (
.
S th phn ng l
c tnh xung g(t) nn : nu mch c c tnh xung l g(t) m c tnh xung c
ph l ) j (
.
S
g th c quan h theo cp tch phn Fourrie :

d e ). t ( g ) j ( T
d e ) j ( T d e ) j ( T ). j ( S ) t ( g
t j
t j t j
g
.
2
1
2
1
(4.30)

Bi tp

4.1.Cho tn hiu tun hon trn hnh 4.3 l dy xung vung (cn gi l xung th
tn xung video)tun hon v hn .
1.Tm ph ca n theo 2cch:
a) Tm qua a
k
v b
k
ri tm A
k
v
k
b) Tm qua
.
C
k
ri tm A
k
v
k

2.Vit biu thc bin i Fourrie ng- c cho tn hiu u(t) theo ph va tm ghi
nh cng thc ny.
3.Cho rng ca xung t
X
=1 S, chu k lp T=5 S , cao h= 20 [V] ,hy
tnh v v th 14 vch ph bin u tin (k=0 13)ca tn hiu .
132

u(t)
t
tX
h
0
T
Hnh 4.3
tX/2
-tX/2

4.2.Cho Cc tn hiu tun hon trn hnh 4.4 a) v 4.4.b).
1.Hy p dng nh l tr tm ph ca chng da vo BT4.1.
2. Vit biu thc bin i Fourrie ng- c cho tn hiu u(t) theo ph va tm
v ghi nh cng thc ny.

u(t)
t
tX
h
0 T
u(t)
t
tX
h
0
T
Hnh 4.4
a)
b)

4.3. Cho tn hiu l dy xung tun hon v hn hai cc tnh hnh 4.5.Tm ph ca
n v vit biu thc chui Fourrie ng- c cho tn hiu ny.

u(t)
t
E
0
T
Hnh 4.5
-E
2
T
2
T
_

4.4. Cho tn hiu l dy tuyn tnh tun hon v hn hnh 4.6.Tm ph ca n v
vit biu thc chui Fourrie ng- c cho tn hiu ny.

u(t)
t
=tX
0
T
Hnh 4.6

133
4.5.Tm ph ca dy xung dng in tuyn tnh tun hon v hn hnh 4.7.Tm
ph v v 14 vch ph bin u tin ca dy xung ny.

i(t)
t
0
Hnh 4.7
50
[mA]
2
4 6 8 ] S [

4.6.Tm ph ca tn hiu xung s(t) tun hon v hn trn hnh 4.8.

S
Hnh 4.8
0 t[ ]
1
2 3 -1
-4
4
s(t)

4.7.Trn hnh 4.9. l dy xung x tn - c coi l di v hn. Chu k u tin c
biu thc gii tch:

t khi
t khi ) t cos( U
t khi
) t ( u
m
2
0
2 2
2
0
0 0

a)Tm biu thc ph ca dy xung ny.
b)Tnh v v ph bin A
k
khi T
0
=10
-6
S ; =5T
0
; T=2 ;U
0m
=100V

u(t)
T
Hnh 4.9
2
2
_
U0m
t

134
4.8. Tm ph ca tn hiu xung s(t)
tun hon v hn trn hnh 4.10, c
biu thc gii tch s(t)=A Icos
0
tI

4.9.Cho dy xung tun hon v
hn hm m hnh 4.11, biu thc
gii tch trong mt chu k l
t
Ae ) t ( u khi
2 2
T
t
T

(Vi >>1 - ng vi s bin thin
nhanh ca hm).

4.10.Tm ph ca dy xung hnh thang hai cc tnh tun hon v hn hnh 4.12.
u(t)
t[ ]
Hnh 4.12
0
E
-E
1
2 2
5
0
-1
-2
-3 -5
S

4.11. Cho tn hiu l dy xung tun hon v hn hai cc tnh hnh 4.13.Tm ph
ca n v vit biu thc chui Fourrie ng- c cho tn hiu ny.

u(t)
t
E
T
Hnh 4.13
0
-E
2
T
2
T
_

4.12. Xc nh ph A
K
v v th ca 25 vch ph u tin (k=0 24) ca tn
hiu tun hon v hn hnh 4.14. vi T=2 mS , U
0
=50 V.

0
t[ ] S
2
T
Hnh 4.14.
2
T _
U0

t
A
Hnh 4.10
s(t)

t
A
Hnh 4.11
_
2
T
2
T
0
s(t)

135
4.13.Vi tn hiu iu ho s(t) , cng sut trung bnh ca n - c xc nh theo
biu thc:
dt ) t (
*
S ) t (
.
S
T
p
T
T
TB
2
2
1

Hy biu din cng thc cng sut trung bnh trn qua cc h s k
.
A ca
chui Fourrie t- ng ng ca tn hiu ny.

4.14. Tm hm ph ca cc xung vung n hnh 4.15.

t
0
A
u(t)
t
0
A
u(t)
t
0
A
u(t)
Hnh 4.15.
a)
b)
c)

4.15.Tm ph ca tn hiu c biu thc gii tch l :

t khi Ae
t khi
) t ( s
t
0
0 0
; >0
4.16.Tm ph ca tn hiu cho bi biu thc :

t khi
t khi Ae
t khi
) t ( s
t
0
0
0 0
; >0 ;
(Hnh 4.16.)
4.17. a)Tm hm ph ca chui n xung vung
tun hon hnh 4.17.
b) V ph bin trong trng hp t
X
=1 S , A = 40 V, T=5t
X
, n=8.

4.18. a)Tm hm ph ca mt xung x tn (Hnh 4.18.)
t
u(t)
0
Hnh 4.16.

u(t)
t
tX
A
0
Hnh 4.17
T
1
2
3
n

136

t khi
t khi t cos U
t khi
) t ( u
m
2
0
2 2
2
0
0 0

b) V ph bin vi t
X
=10T
0
, T
0
=0,5 S , U
0m
=20 V.
4.19. Tm ph ca n xung x tn hnh hnh 4.19 vi =m T
0
; T=k vi m v k
l cc s nguyn d- ng >1.

u(t)
t
U0m
Hnh 4.18
2
2
_
2
2
_
T0
T
U0m
T0
u(t)
t
Hnh 4.19

4.20.Tm ph ca tn hiu s(t)=
t khi ) e e (
t khi
t t
0
0 0
2 1
vi
1 2
v
1
,
2
>0
4.21. Tm ph ca tn hiu s(t) = cos
2
0
t vi - <t < .

2.22. Tm tn hiu s(t) khi bit ph ca chng:

. v ; ; tu s ng h A Vi
) j ) j (
A
) j ( S ) d
tu s ng h , A Vi
) j (
A
) j ( S ) c
tu s ng h , A Vi
A
) j ( S ) b
. tu s ng h , A Vi
A
) j ( S ) a
.
.
.
.
0
1
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
4 4
0
0
2 2
0

2.23.Cho tn hiu nh- sau:
t khi e
t khi
) t ( s
t
0 15
0 0
7
10
.Tm di tn s =0
m
tp
trung 90% nng l- ng ca tn hiu .
137
2.24.Tn hiu l mt xung vung c rng = 5 S. Hy xc nh xem c bao
nhiu % nng l- ng tp trong di ph f=0 575 Khz.

2.25. Tn hiu iu bin n m c U
max
=130 V, U
min
=20 V.
a) V dng th ca tn hiu iu bin ny.
b) Tm bin sng mang U
0m
v ch s iu bin m

2.26. Mt tn hiu iu bin cho bi biu thc :
u
b
(t)= (12+6 cos t+2 cos 2 t)cos
0
t [V]
Xc nh gi tr max v min ca - ng bao ca tn hiu ny.

4.27. Cho ph ca mt tn
hiu iu bin hnh 4.20.
Hy xc nh cc ch s
iu bin thnh phn v ch
s iu bin ton phn.

4.28. Cho biu thc tn hiu
iu bin:

u
b
(t)=20[1+0,6 cos 2 .10
3
t+0,5 cos 6 .10
3
t+ m
3
cos .10
5
t]cos 2 .10
7
t [V]
1.Hy ch ra tn s sng mang,cc tn s tn hiu s cp vi n v l Khz.
2. Tm ch s iu bin m
3
tn hiu khng b iu ch qua mc.
3. Vi m
3
max va tm - c hy v ph ca tn hiu vi trc tn s f c
n v Khz v in tr s ca cc vch ph trn th , n v [V].
4.29. Cho tn hiu s cp l :
u (t)=8 cos
1
t+6 cos
2
t+ 4 cos
3
t+ 2cos
4
t[V].
Hy tm bin sng mang ti thiu tn hiu khng b iu ch qua mc.

4.30. Tn hiu iu bin u ra ca b khuch i cng sut c biu thc :
u
b
(t)=75(1+0,4 cos10
3
t) cos 10
6
t. [V].Tn hiu ny cp cho in tr ti R
t
= 2 K . Hy xc nh cng sut tc dng max v min m khuch i
phi cung cp cho ti trong 1 chu k tn s sng mang.

4.31. Tn hiu iu bin l mt ngun dng c biu thc(hnh 4.21b):
i
b
(t)=10[1+0,8cos100t+0,6cos10 000t) cos10
6
t [mA].
Ngoi tn hiu ny cn c cc tn s nhiu nm ngoi di ph ca n(hnh
4.21a) nn cn lc b bng khung cng h- ng song song (hnh 4.21b).Bit C=1
nF.
a) Chn gi tr ca in cm L v gi tr ti - u ca in tr R lc b - c
nhiu v nhn - c ph tn hiu iu bin khng b mo.
Hnh 4.20
f
f0+F1 f0+F2 f0-F1 f0-F2
f0
30 V
20 V
15V
15V
20 V

138
b)Vi R ti - u va chn , tnh cc ch s iu bin thnh phn , cc thnh phn
ph v v ph ca in p ra.

0
Bin d-i Bin trn
Nhiu Nhiu
a)
C L R
idb(t)
udb(t)
b)
Hnh 1.21.

4.32. Cho cu trc ph ca mt dng in iu bin trn hnh 4. 22.
a)T ph hy xc nh(vit ra) tn s sng mang
0
, cc tn s tn hiu s cp
k
v b rng ph vi n v l rad/s?
b)Xc nh cc ch s iu bin thnh
phn v ch s iu bin ton phn ca
tn hiu .
c) Dng in ny kch thch vo mt
khung cng h- ng RLC song song
lc ly in p iu bin kch thch
cho tng tip theo.Chn in cm L c
tr s l 10 H;hy xc nh tr s ca
in dung C v tr s ti - u ca in
tr R c th lc tt nht tn hiu
iu bin ny.
d)Vi R ti - u va chn , tnh cc ch s iu bin thnh phn , cc thnh phn
ph v v ph ca in p ra.

4.33. Cho tn hiu iu gc:
u
g
(t)=15cos (10
8
t+3sin.10
6
t+1,4sin 10
5
t+
4
) [V]
a) Hy xc nh biu thc tn s ca dao ng , di tn v di tn cc i
b) Tn s ca dao ng ti thi im t = 1 s.

4.34. Hy tm
max
v
min
trong tn hiu iu tn sau:
u
t
(t)=U
0m
cos (3.10
9
t+2sin.10
7
t+
6
) [V]
4.35. Hy chn tn s cc i ca tn hiu s cp
max
sao cho trong ph ca tn
hiu iu tn khng cn sng mang ,bit di tn cc i
m
=6.10
4
rad/s.

4.36. Mt i pht thanh FM Stereo c mch iu tn dng khung cng h- ng
song song LC, vi C l varicap to ra in dung bin thin theo quy lut tn hiu
Hnh 4.22.
40 mA
15mA 15mA
10mA 10mA
10
7
1,0005.10
s rad/
7
7
7
7
1,0003.10
0,9995.10
0,9997.10

139
s cp C(t)=C
0
+C
m
cos t. Bit tr s in dung c nh l C
0
=8 pF, tn s sng
mang l 82,25 Mhz, su iu tn m=70 , tn s tn hiu s cp F
max
=15 Khz.
Tm cc thng s L v C
m
(bin bin thin ca in dung ) tn hiu m bo
- c cc thng s trn.

Bi gii-p s - ch dn

4.1. 1. a)Vi th hnh 4.23. th y l mt hm chn nn b
k
=0.
Xung u tin c biu thc gii tch:

T t
t
khi
t
t
t
khi h
t
t T khi
) t ( u
x
x x
x
2
0
2 2
2
0

(*)
T
ht
A
T
ht
hdt
T
dt ) t ( u
T
a
x x
t
t
T
T
X
X
0
2
2
2
2
0
2 2 2

(**) .. , , k ;
T
t
k sin
k
h
T
t
k
T
t
k sin
T
ht t
T
k sin
T
Tk
h
T
t
k sin
Tk
h
)]
t
k sin(
t
k [sin
Tk
h
t
t
t k sin
Tk
h
tdt k cos
T
h
tdt k cos ) t ( u
T
a
x
x
x
x x
x x x
x
x
t
t
T
T
k
X
X
3 2 1
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2 2 2
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1

u(t)
t
tX
h
0
T
Hnh 4.23
tX/2
-tX/2

140
b) Tm ph theo
k
.
C :
T
t
k sin
k
h
T
t
k
T
t
k sin
T
ht
k
t
k sin
T
h
k
e e
T
h
k
e e
T
h
t
t
k
e
T
h
dt e
T
h
dt e ) t ( u
T
C
x
x
x
x
x
t
jk
t
jk
t
jk
t
jk
x
x
t jk
t
t
t jk
T
T
t jk
k
X X
X X X
X
.
1
1
1
2 2
1
2 2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1

Theo biu thc cui:
(*)
T
ht
C A
x
0 0

(**)
T
t
k
T
t
k sin
T
ht
C A
x
x
x
k k
2
2
Nh- vy c hai cch cho cng mt kt qu. Pha
k
ca cc hi bng 0
nu A
k
>0 ,bng nu A
k
<0.

4
Ak
[V]
7,484
6,055
4,036
1,872
1,247
1,73
0,832
1,513
1,01
0,93
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0,68
Hnh 4.24
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
[rad]
1,01
0,93
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0,68
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
a)
b)

2. T c:

1
1 0
k
k k
) t k cos( A A ) t ( u
141

1 1
1
1
1 2 1
k
t jk
x
x
x
k x
x
x
) e
T
t
k
T
t
k sin
(
T
ht
) t k cos
T
t
k
T
t
k sin
(
T
ht
(***)
3. Vi t
X
=1 S, T=5 S , cao h= 20 [V] th 2 0
5
1
,
S
S
T
t
x

Tnh theo cng thc:
12 3 1 1 2 0
2
2 0
0
..... , , k ; k , sin
k
h
A ; h , A
k

Kt qu tnh cho trong bng 4.2
Bng 4.2.
k 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
A
K
4. 7,484. 6,055. 4,036. 1,871. 0 -1,247.
IA
k
I 4 7,484 6,055 4,036 1,871 0 1,247
k

0 0 0 0 0 0

k 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
A
K
-1,73 -1,513 -0,832 0 0,680 1,01 0,931
IA
k
I 1,73 1,513 0,832 0 0,680 1,01 0,931
k

0 0 0 0
T kt qu bng 4.2 c th ph bin hnh 4.24.a) , ph pha hnh
4.24b) (vi
1
=2 /T=1 256 737 rad/s, F
1
= 200Khz.)
4.2. Theo tnh cht tr trong min thi gian : Nu u(t) c ph l k
.
A th ph ca tn
hiu b tr u(t ) s c ph l k
.
A e
j k 1
nn :
-Tn hiu hnh 4.4a) v- t tr- c so vi tn hiu trong BT4.1 l t
X
/2 ph s
l biu thc (**) trong BT(4.1) nhn vi
1
2
k
t
j
x
e (thnh phn A
0
gi nguyn nh-
(*) v e
0
=1.)
-Tn hiu hnh 4.4b) chm so vi tn hiu trong BT4.1 l t
X
/2 ph s l
biu thc (**) trong BT(4.1) nhn vi
1
2
k
t
j
x
e
Nh- vy ph bin khng thay i ,ch thay i ph pha so vi BT(4.1).
4.3.Hm l.

0
1
1 2
1 2
4
4
0
1
2
k
k
t ) k sin(
) k (
E
) t ( u
l k khi
k
E
n ch k khi
) k cos (
k
E
b

4.4. Trong chu k u th u(t)=At nn dt te A
T
C
T
t
T
jk
k
.
0
2
1

142
Ly tch phn tng phn :
u=t; du=Adt; dV=
T
jk
e
V ; dt e
t
T
jk
t
T
jk
2
2
2

2
0
2
2
2
2
0
2
2
2 2 0 2 2 2
1
0 2
j
t
T
jk
jk
T
t
T
jk
t
T
jk
k e
k
AT
jk
AT T
)
T
jk (
e
jk
e
T
T
A
dt e
T
jk
T
T
jk
e
t
T
A
C
.

Chui Fourrie dng phc:
k
) t
T
k ( j
e
k
AT
) t ( u
2
2
2

Chui Fourrie dng thc: y phi tnh cc A
k
qua k
.
C ,lc ch l
t biu thc ca k
.
C trn, khi k =0 th k
.
C = nn tnh ring C
0
:

2 0 2
1 1
2
0
0
AT
T
At
T
Atdt
T
C
T .
;
Vi k=1,2,3,4..
2
2
j
k k
e
k
AT
C A
. .

u(t)=
1 1
2
2 2 1
1
2 2
2
2
k k
) t
T
k cos(
k
AT
) t
T
k cos(
k
AT AT

4.5. Ch thay A=50 mA ,T=2 S vo cc biu thc ph trong BT(4.4) va xt
tnh cc vch ph A
0
A
13
.
4.6.Theo hnh 4.25 th y l hm l nn a
k
=0. c T=2 S=2.10
-6
S.Tnh b
k
vi
k=1,2,3,4

S
Hnh 4.25
0 t[ ]
1
2 3 -1
-4
4
s(t)

Chu k u tin c biu thc:
] mA [ t . At ) t ( s
6
10 4 vi -10
-6
S t 10
-6
S
; tdt k sin At
T
b
T
T
k 1
2
2
2
t t = u du=dt ; dv=sink
1
tdt v=
1
1
k
t k cos

143
; dt
k
t k cos
T
T
k
t k cos
t
T
A
b
T
T
k
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2

Thnh phn th nht trong tng:
... , , , k ;
k
T
) ( A b ) l k vi
k
T
; n ch k vi
k
T
k cos
k
T
k cos
k
T
)]
T
T
k cos( )
T
(
T
T
k cos
T
[
k
k
k k
4 3 2 1 1
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
1
1
1
1 1 1
1 1
Thnh phn th hai trong tng :
0
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
) k (
k sin
) k (
k sin
) k (
k sin( k sin
) k (
t k sin
T
)
T T
T
T

Vy
k
AT
) (
T
k
T
.
T
A
) (
k
T
.
T
A
) ( b
k k k
k
1 1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1 . (*)
Vi A=4,T=2.10
-6
th
k
) ( b A
k
k k
4
1
1
2.10
-6

s(t)=
. n ch k khi
. l k khi
vi ) t k sin(
k
.
k
k
k
0
10 8
1
1
6

So snh modun ca biu thc b
k
trong (*) vi mondun A
k
trong bi gii
ca BT4.4 th thy chng l mt (!) v cc dy xung c cng cu trc,ch khc
nhau quan h pha.
4.7.Xung x tn (tn s pht x - cvo khng gian) s dng trong k thut
rada. dy xung ny cn phn bit cc thng s:
-U
0m
bin xung iu ho cao tn.
- f
0
=
0
1
T
,f
0
tn s ca dao ng iu ho cao tn(T
0
- chu k ca dao
ng iu ho cao tn)
- F=
T
1
,F- tn s lp ca dy xung(T- chu k lp ca dy xung);
- ng rng ca mi xung
a) Biu thc ph:

2
2
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
0 0
0 1 0 1
1
0 0
1
2
2
1
dt e dt e
T
U
dt e
e e
T
U
dt te cos U
T
.
C
t ) k ( j t ) k ( j m
t jk
t j t j
m t jk
m
k

144
Tnh ring tng tch phn trong du ngoc:

Tch phn th nht:
) k (
) k sin(
) k ( j
e e
) k ( j
e e
dt e
) k ( j ) k ( j ) k ( j ) k ( j
t ) k ( j
0 1
0 1
0 1
2 2
0 1
2 2 2
2
2
2
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1

Thnh phn ny xp x bng 0 v trong thc t tn s pht x rt ln nn
(k
1
+
0
) >>1.
Tch phn th 2:
;.
) k (
) k sin(
T
U
) k (
) k sin(
T
U
C
) k (
) k sin(
) k ( j
) k sin( j
) k ( j
e e
) k ( j
e e
) k ( j
e
dt e
m m
k
.
) k ( j ) k ( j ) k ( j ) k ( j
t ) k ( j
t ) k ( j
0 1
0 1
0
0 1
0 1
0
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
2 2
0 1
2 2
0 1
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1
0 1

tin biu thc thng - a v dng
x
x sin
:

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 0
1 0
0
1 0
1 0
0
1 0
1 0
0
) k (
) k sin(
.
T
. U
C A
) k (
) k sin(
T
U
) k (
) k sin(
T
U
C
m
k
.
k
.
m m
k
.

b) Tnh ph: Vi T
0
=10
-6
S ; =5T
0
-mi xung hnh sin c 5 chu k dao
ng cao tn .
U
0m
=100V
; S / rad . ; Mhz , Hz
T
f
; ,
T
; S T T ; S . T ; S / rad . ; Mhz f
5
1
5
1
5
0
6
0
6
0
6
0
10 2 1 0 10
1
5 0 10 10 2 10 5 5 10 2 1
10
1
0
10 5
2
10 5
10 2
2
0
6
0
0
6
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
. sin
T
U
.
. . sin
T
U
sin
T
U
C A
m m m
.

A
K
vi k=1,2,3,4 :
145

)] k ( , [
)] k ( , sin[
. U . ,
.
) . k . (
]
.
) . k . sin[
.
T
. U A
m m k
10 5 0
10 5 0
5 0
2
10 5
10 2 10 2
2
10 5
10 2 10 2
0
6
5 6
6
5 6
0

Vi
0
=10
1
th k=10 hay A
10
s - c tnh theo cng thc 1
0 x
x sin
lim
x
v
t max nn A
10
=0,5U
0m
.Ta tnh - c A
k
theo cng thc cui vi k=0 20 bng
4.3.
Bng 4.3.
k 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A
k
[V] 0 3,535 0 4,545 0 6,365 0 10,61
k 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A
k
[V] 0 31,83 50 31,83 0 10,61 0 6,365
k 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
A
k
[V] 0 4,545 0 3,535 0 2,89 0 2,445
T bng dng th ph bin hnh 4.26
Hnh 4.26.
1
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
3 5 7
9
1 1 13 15
17
19 11
21 23 25
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 1
3,535
4,545
6,365
10,61
31,83 31,83
2,12
2,445 2,945
50
10,61
6,365
4,545
3,535
4.8.

t sin
) k (
A
) (
A
) t cos(
) k (
A
) (
A
) t ( s
e
) k (
) ( A
C A
A
C
k
k
k
k
j
k
K
.
.. , , k
.
.
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
3 2 1
0
1 4
1 2
2
1 4
1 2
1 4
1 2
2

146
4.9.

2 2 2 2
0
2 2
0 0
0 0
4
4
2
2
T k (
T U
k )
T
(
T
U
A ;
T
U
C A
k

4.10. Biu thc gii tch trong mt chu k :

S . t S . khi E
S . t S khi E ) t (
; S t S khi E
S t S . khi E ) t (
; S . t S . khi E
) t ( u
6 6
6 6 6
6 6
6 6 6
6 6
10 4 10 3
10 3 10 2 10
10 10
10 10 3 2 10
10 3 10 4

T=8 s = 8.10
-6
S.;
1
=2 /T=2 .0,125.10
6
rad/S.
T th cho hnh 4.27.ta thy tn hiu thuc hm chn nn ch c
a
k
cn b
k
=0.
Thnh phn a
0
=
6
6
10 4
10 4
.
.
dt ) t ( u chnh l phn din tch - c bi trn th
nn s bng 0. Ch xc nh a
k
vi k=1,2,3,4
Biu thc gii tch ca mt chu k l:

u(t)
t
Hnh 427
0
E
-E
1
2
5
0
-1
-2
-5
2
T
2
T
-
8
T
4
T
4
T
-
8
T
3 -3
8
T
S [ ]
8
T
8
T
-
-3
3

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
10 4
10 3
6
10 3
10
6 6
10
10 3
10
10
6 6 6
10 3
10 4
6
6
2
2
1
10 125 0 2 1 10 125 0 2 2 10
10 125 0 2 10 125 0 2 2 10
10 125 0 2 1
10 8
2 2
.
.
.
.
.
.
T
T
k
dt ) t . , . k ( cos ) ( dt ) t . , . k cos( ) t (
dt ) t . , . k ( cos dt ) t . , . k cos( ) t (
dt ) t . , . k ( cos ) (
.
E
tdt k cos ) t ( u
T
a

Tnh ring tng tch phn: trong du ngoc:
147
+Tch phn th nht:

)] . . . , . k ( sin ) . . . , . k ( [sin
. , . k
. , . k
) t . , . k ( sin
dt ) t . , . k ( cos
.
.
.
.
6 6 6 6
6
6
10 4
6
10 3
6
6 10 3
10 4
6
10 4 10 125 0 2 10 3 10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
1
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
6
6

6 6 6
10 125 0 2
4
3
10 125 0 2
4
3
4 125 0 2 3 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
1
. , . k
k sin
. , . k
k sin k sin
] . , . k ( sin ) . , . k ( [sin
. , . k
+Tch phn th 2:

1 1
10
10 3
6
10
10 3
6 6
10
10 3
6 6
6
6
6
6
6
6
10 125 0 2 2
10 125 0 2 10 10 125 0 2 2 10
B A dt ) t . , . k cos(
dt ) t . , . k cos( . t ( dt ) t . , . k cos( ) t (
.
. .

] N M [ dt
. , . k
) t . , . k ( sin
. , . k
) t . , . k ( sin
. t
. , . k
) t . , . k ( sin
v
dt ) t . , . k cos( dv
dt du t u
dt ) t . , . k cos( . t A
.
.
1 1
6
10
10 3
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
10
10 3
6 6
1
10
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2 10 125 0 2 10
6
6
6
6

6
6 6
6
6
6 6
6
1
10 125 0 2
310 10 125 0 2
10 3
10 125 0 2
10 10 125 0 2
10
. , . k
) . . , . k ( sin
) . (
. , . k
) . . , . k ( sin
). ( M

6
6
10 125 0 2
4
3
3 25 0
10
. , . k
) k sin( ) k , ( sin

6 2 6
2 6 6
6 6
1 1
6
1
2 6 2 6
6 6 6 6
6
10 3
6
10
2 6
6
10
10 3
6
6
1
10 125 0 2
4
3
25 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
3 25 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
25 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
3 25 0
10 10 10
10 125 0 2
4
3
25 0
10 125 0 2
10 3 10 125 0 2 10 10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
6
6
. .) , . k (
) k ( cos ) k , ( cos
. , . k
) . , . k (
) k ( cos ) k , ( cos
. , . k
] N M [ A
) . , . k (
) k ( cos ) k , ( cos
) . , . k (
) . . . , . k ( cos ) . . , . k ( cos
) . , . k (
) t . , . k ( cos
dt
. , . k
) t . , . k ( sin
N
.
.

148

6 2 6
1 1
6
10
10 3
6
1
10 125 0 2
4
3
25 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
3 25 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
252 0
2 10 125 0 2 2
6
6
. .) , . k (
) k ( cos ) k , ( cos
. , . k
B A
. , . k
) k sin( ) k , sin(
dt ) t . , . k cos( B
.

6 6 2 6
10 125 0 2
4
3
25 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
25 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
252 0
2
. , . k
. .) , . k (
) k ( cos ) k , ( cos
. , . k
) k sin( ) k , sin(

+Tch phn th 3:

6
6
10
6
10
6
6
10
10
6
10 125 0 2
25 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
6
6
. , . k
k , sin
. , . k
) t . , . k ( sin
dt ) t . , . k ( cos :
+Tch phn th 4

6
6
6
10 3
10
6 6
2
2 2
10 3
10
6
10 3
10
6 6
10 3
10
6 6
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2 10 125 0 2 10
10 125 0 2 2
10 125 0 2 10 10 125 0 2 2 10
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
. , . k
) t . , . k sin(
v
dt ) t . , . k cos( dv
dt du t u
dt ) t . , . k cos( t A
B A dt ) t . , . k cos(
dt ) t . , . k cos( t ( dt ) t . , . k cos( ) t (
.
.
. .

] N M [ dt
. , . k (
) t . , . k sin(
. , . k
) t . , . k sin(
. t
.
.
2 2
6
10 3
10
6
6
6
10
6
10 3
6
6
6
10
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10
6
6

.
. ) , . k (
) k , cos( ) k cos(
. , . k
k , sin
. , . k
. k sin
]
) . , . k (
) k , cos( ) k cos(
. , . k
k , sin
. , . k
. k sin
. [ A
) . , . k (
) k , cos( ) k cos(
dt
) . , . k (
) t . , . k sin(
N
. , . k
k , sin
. , . k
. k sin
.
. , . k
) . . , . k sin(
. , . k
) . . . , . k sin(
. M
.
6 2 6 6
2 6 6
6
6
6 6
2
2 6
10 3
10
6
6
2
6
6
6
6
6
6 6
6
6
6 6
6
2
10 125 0 2
25 0
4
3
10 125 0 2
25 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
3
10 125 0 2
25 0
4
3
10 125 0 2
252 0
10
10 125 0 2
4
3
10 3 10
10 125 0 2
25 0
4
3
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
252 0
10
10 125 0 2
4
3
10 3
10 125 0 2
10 10 125 0 2
10
10 125 0 2
10 3 10 125 0 2
10 3
6
6

149

) . , . k (
) . . , . k sin(
) . , . k (
) . . . , . k sin(
) . , . k (
) t . , . k sin(
dt ) t . , . k cos( B
.
.
6
6 6
6
6 6
10 3
10
6
10
6
10 3
6
6
6
2
10 125 0 2
10 10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
10 3 10 125 0 2
2
10 125 0 2
10 125 0 2
2 10 125 0 2 2
6
6

) . , . k (
) k , sin(
) . , . k (
) k sin(
6 6
10 125 0 2
25 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
2
2
) . , . k (
) k , sin(
. , . k
. k sin
. ) , . k (
) k , cos( ) k cos(
) . , . k (
) k , sin(
. , . k
. k sin
. ) , . k (
) k , cos( ) k cos(
. , . k
k , sin
. , . k
. k sin
B A
6
6 6 2 6 6
6 2 6 6
2 2
10 125 0 2
25 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
10 125 0 2
25 0
4
3
10 125 0 2
25 0
2
10 125 0 2
4
3
2
10 125 0 2
25 0
4
3
10 125 0 2
252 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
3

+Tch phn th 5:

) . , . k (
) k ( sin
) . , . k (
) k ( sin .) k ( sin
dt ) t . , . k ( cos
.
.
6 6
10 4
10 3
6
10 125 0 2
4
3
10 125 0 2
4
3
10 125 0 2
6
6

Tng ca 5 tch phn:

6 2 6
6 6 6 2 6
6 6 6 2 6
10 125 0 2
4
3
25 0
2
10 125 0 2
4
3
10 125 0 2
25 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
10 125 0 2
25 0
4
3
10 125 0 2
25 0 2
10 125 0 2
4
3
10 125 0 2
25 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
25 0
10 125 0 2
4
3
. .) , . k (
) k ( cos ) k , ( cos
) . , . k (
) k ( sin
) . , . k (
) k , sin(
. , . k
. k sin
. ) , . k (
) k , cos( ) k cos(
. , . k
k , sin
. , . k
) k sin(
. , . k
) k , ( sin
. .) , . k (
) k ( cos ) k , ( cos
. , . k
k sin

Kt qu b
k
:

2 6 2 6
25 0
4
3
25 0
2
10 125 0 2
4
3
25 0
2
10 8
2
) k , (
) k ( cos ) k , ( cos
E
. .) , . k (
) k ( cos ) k , ( cos
.
E
b
k

4.11.Hy so snh dy xung ny vi dy xung trong BT4.3 tm li gii.

4.12.Hm chn nn tm - c
2 2
0
3 2 1
0 0
0
1 2
2
2 2
) k (
U
A ;
U a
A
.. , , k

150
4.13. Biu din tn hiu qua bin i Fourrie ng- c dng phc.

..... , , k
k k
TB
*
A
.
A
*
A
.
A
p
3 2 1
0 0
2

4.14.
j j
e
sin
A ) j (
.
S ) c e
sin
A ) j (
.
S ) b
sin
A ) j (
.
S ) a
2
2
2
2
2
2

4.15.
tg jarc ) ( ;
A
) j ( S ; e
A
j
A
e ) j ( S ) j ( S
tg jarc
) ( j
.
2 2 2 2
4.16.
) ( j
j ) j ( t ) j (
t ) j ( t j t
e
N
M
A
) j (
sin je ) cos e (
A
) j (
e . e
A
) j (
e
A
) j (
e
A dt e A dt e . e A ) j ( S
.
1
1 1
0
0 0

1
2 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
cos e
sin e
tg arc tg arc ) (
N ; cos e e ) sin e ( ) cos e ( M Vi

4.17. Theo BT.4.14 th ph ca xung th nht l:
a)
2
1
2
2
x
t
j
x
x
x
e
t
t
sin
At ) j ( S
.

Theo tnh cht tr th ph ca xung th hai:

jT
t
j
x
x
x
e e
t
t
sin
At ) j ( S
x
.
2
2
2
2

Ph ca xung th ba:

T j
t
j
x
x
x
e e
t
t
sin
At ) j ( S
x
.
2
2
3
2
2

.

Ph ca xung th n :
151

T ) n ( j
t
j
x
x
x
n
e e
t
t
sin
At ) j ( S
x
.
1
2
2
2

Theo tnh cht tng ca ph:
jT
t
j
x
x
t
j
x
x
x
n
e e
t
t
sin
e
t
t
sin
[ At )] j ( S ... ) j ( S ) j ( S [ ) j ( S
x x
. . . .
2 2
2
1
2
2
2
2

jT
jnT
t
j
x
x
x
T ) n ( j T j jT
t
j
x
x
x
T ) n ( j
t
j
x
x
T j
t
j
x
x
e
e
e
t
t
sin
At ]* e ..... e e [ e
t
t
sin
At
] e e
t
t
sin
... e e
t
t
sin
x x
x x
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 2
2
1
2
2
2

2 2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
]
t
T ) n [(
x
x
x
t
j
jT
jnT
x
x
x
jT
jnT
jT jT
jnT jnT
t
j
x
x
x
jT jT
jnT jnT
jT
jnT
t
j
x
x
x
X x
x x
e
T sin
nT sin
.
t
t
sin
At e
e
e
T sin
nT sin
.
t
t
sin
At
e
e
e e
e e
e
t
t
sin
At
e . e
e . e
e
. e
e
t
t
sin
At
Ch :(*) -c p dng cng thc tng S
n
ca cp s nhn.

b) v ph bin S(j )=
2
2
2
2
T sin
nT sin
.
t
t
sin
At
x
x
x cn ch :
-Vi =0 th cn biu din cc biu th sin 0 v dng hm sinx/x nh- sau:
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
T
T sin
T
nT
nT sin
. nT
.
t
t
sin
At
T sin
nT sin
.
t
t
sin
At ) j ( S ) ( S
x
x
x
x
x
x

152
5 6
10 32 10 40 8
2
2
2
2
2
2
. . . nAt
T
T sin
nT
nT sin
.
t
t
sin
nAt
x
x
x
x

- Vi 0 c th tnh theo cng thc:
S(j )=
2
2
8
2
2
2
2
2
2
T sin
T sin
.
t
sin
A
T sin
nT sin
.
t
t
sin
At
x
x
x
x
.
tnh nn kh b mu s trong cng thc ny bng cch dng cng thc
sin2a=2sinacosa bin i t s cho n khi kh - c mu s. Sau thay s vo
tnh( khong 20 im t =0 n =2 /t
x
=2 .10
6
rad/S) ri v th .

4.18. Hnh 4.28.
a)

t khi
t khi t cos U
khi
) t ( u
m
2
0
2 2
2
0 0
0 0

Chuyn hm cos
0
t v hm m(Xem BT4.7)
chng minh
2
2
2
0
0
0
) (
) sin(
U
) j ( S
m
.
.
b)Khi thay s tnh th :
Ti =
0
c
2
0
0
m
U
) j ( S
.
.
Khi
0
th
2
0
0
0
) sin(
U
) j ( S
m
.

4.19. Thc hin t- ng t nh- BT7.17. tm ph ca n xung:

) n ( mT . k j
m
e
) mT . k sin(
) mT . k . n sin(
.
mT
) (
mT
) sin(
mT
U ) j (
.
S
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2

u(t)
t
U0m
Hnh 4.28
2
2
_
T0

153
4.20.
) ( j
) ( A
) j (
.
S
2 1
2
2 1
1 2

4.21. H bc cos
2
0
t ri tm ph ) j (
.
S
4.22. Ly tch phn Fourrie ng- c d e ) j ( S ) t ( s
t j
.
2
1

4.23. Tr- c ht tm ph : Theo BT4.15.:
2 2
A
) j ( S
j
A
) j ( S
.

Theo nh l Parsevall th nng l- ng
ca tn hiu tnh theo ph:
2 2
2
2
A
) j ( S W (*).- ng cong (*)
hnh 4.29. cho thy 100% nng l- ng chnh
l phn din tch gi hn bi n vi trc
honh,tc : ;
A
d
A
2
2
0
2 2
2

90%nng l- ng ng vi
m
.

. Mhz f ; S / rad . , tg . , arctg
; arctg
A
d
A
m m
m
m
m
10 10 63 45 0 10 45 0
6 7
2
0
2 2
2
2
A
0,9
2

4.24. Ph ca tn hiu theo BT 4.15. Gii t- ng t nh- BT.4.23. S 97,4 %.
4.25. m=0,733 ; U
0m
= 75 [V]
4.26. Kho st hm s - ng bao cho U
mx
= 20 [V] , U
min
7 [ V].
4.27. m
1
=0,8 ; m
2
=0,6 ,m=1.
4.28. m=0,6.
4.29. Min[ ] V [ , ] U
m
18 11
0

4.30. P
max
=2,75625 W ; P
min
= 0,50625 W.
4.31. a)Tn s sng mang l
0
=10
6
rad/s.,b rng ph = 2
max
= 20 000 rad/s
.Phi chn khung cng h- ng :
- Cng h- ng ng tn s sng mang. . mH L
LC
1 10
1
6

-C di thng c tnh tn s ca khung cng h- ng l
0,7
ln hn v
xp x b rng ph ca tn hiu .:
Hnh 4.29
2
2
A

154
. K
. ,
.
C .
R
RC CR Q
.
,
50 000 50
10 5 0
10 000 20
1
000 20
1 1
000 20
5
9
0
0 0
7 0

Gi tr R ti - u l R=50 K .
b) Ph ca tn hiu vo i
b
(t)=10[1+0,8cos100t+0,6cos10 000t) cos10
6
t [mA]
c m
1
=0,8 , m
2
=0,6 nn c cc vch ph nh- hnh 4.30a)
Vch ph ng vi tn s sng mang c bin I
0m
= 10 mA. Cc vch bin
ng vi cc tn s
0

i
tnh theo cng thc
2
0m i
I m
- c l 4 mA v 3 mA.
Ph ca in p iu bin u
ra c cu to nh- hnh 4.30.b vi
cc vch - c tnh theo cng thc:
U
m
(
i
)=I
m
(
i
)IZ(
i
)I.

2 2
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
L
C
R
Z
;
)
L
C ( j
R
Y
Z

] V [ K ]. mA [ ) ( Z . I U
m m
500 50 10
0 0 0

] V [ K ]. mA [ ) ( Z ). ( I ) ( U
m m
200 50 4 100 10 0 10
6
1 0

] V [ , K , ]. mA [ ) ( Z ). ( I ) ( U
m m
58 100 5267 33 3 000 10 10 000 10 10
6 6
2 0
4.32.
a)
0
=10
7
rad/s ;
1
=10
7
-0,9997.10
7
=3000 rad/s ;
2
=10
7
-0,9995.10
7
=5000
rad/s; =2
2
=10 000 rad/s.
b) ; , m m m ; , m ;
m
; , m
m
9 0 5 0
40
20
10
2
40
75 0
40
30
15
2
40
2
2
2
1 2
2
1
1

c)

K
. .
. C
R ;
CR
; nF F
.
C ;
. C C . .
LC
50 10
000 10 10
1
000 10
1 1
000 10
1 10
10 10
1
10
10
1
10 10
1 1
5
9
9
14 5
7
5 6

d) Tnh t- ng t nh- b) ca BT4.32.

4.33. (t)=10
8
+3.10
6
cos 10
6
t+1,4.10
5
sin 10
5
t [rad/s]
Hnh 4.30
10 [mA]
4 [mA] 4 [mA]
3 [mA] 3 [mA]
10
6
999 900 990 000 1 000 100
1 010 000
500 [V]
200 [V] 200 [V]
100,58 [V]
10
6
999 900 990 000 1 000 100
1 010 000
a)
b)
100,58 [V]

155
4.35.Nu u (t) l aU
m
cos
max
t th s c:
-Tn s ca dao ng: l
0
+ aU
m
cos
max
t =
0
+
m
cos
max
t
-Pha ca dao ng : (t) =
0
t+ t sin
max
max
m
+
0
=
0
t+msin
max
t+
0
.
max
m
m . trit ht sng mang trong ph tn hiu iu tn th cn chn
m 2,45
max
= s / rad
,
.
948 24
405 2
10 6
4
.
4.36. Hnh 4.31.

. Mhz , Khz . F
F
F
F
m
m
m
max
m
max
m
05 1 1050 70 15
15
70

Khi khng c iu ch(khng pht
tn hiu s cp,ch ph sng mang) th
khung cng h- ng s cng h- ng tn
s sng mang.

2 .82,25.10
6
=
0
1
LC

0
2 6
1
10 25 82 2
LC
) . , . (
H , H . ,
. . ) . , . ( C ) . , . (
L 468 0 10 68 4
10 8 10 25 82 2
1
10 25 82 2
1
7
12 2 6
0
2 6

Khi c iu ch ng vi f
min
f
max
th:
. pF , , C ; pF , F . ,
) . , . ( . ,
C C
) C C ( L
) . , . , (
;
) C C ( L ) C C ( L
) f f (
m m
m
m m
max min
2 0 8 7 8 8 7 10 8 7
10 3 83 2 10 68 4
1
1
10 05 1 10 25 82 2
1 1
2
12
2 6 7
0
0
6 6
0 0

Ht ch-ng 4

Hnh 4.31
Mch iu tn ca
my pht FM
L
C(t)

156
Ch-ng 5
L thuyt mng bn cc

l thuut chung
Cc h ph-ng trnh v h tham s ca mng bn cc:
Mng bn cc (MBC) hnh 4.1 - c quy nh
1-1l u vo,2-2 l u ra. C s ca l thuyt
MBC nghin cu quan h gia 4 i l- ng
2 2 1 1
. . . .
I , U , I , U thng qua cc thng s bn trong MBC
ch hnh sin xc lp . xy dng l thuyt cn
thit lp 6 h phng trnh c trng. Su h phng
trnh l:
H phng trnh tham s Y hay h phng trnh tng dn.

2
22
1
21
2
2
12
1
11
1
. . .
. . .
U Y U Y I
U Y U Y I
(5.1)
H phng trnh tham s Z hay h phng trnh tng tng tr.

2
22
1
21
2
2
12
1
11
1
. . .
. . .
I Z I Z U
I Z I Z U
(5.2)
H phng trnh tham s H.

2
22
1
21
2
2
12
1
11
1
. . .
. . .
U H I H I
U H I H U
(5.3)
H phng trnh tham s F.

2
22
1
21
2
2
12
1
11
1
. . .
. . .
I F U F U
I F U F I
(5.4)
H phng trnh tham s A.

2
22
2
21
1
2
12
2
11
1
. . .
. . .
I A U A I
I A U A U
(5.5)
H phng trnh tham s B.

2
22
1
21
2
1
12
1
11
2
. . .
. . .
I B U B I
I B U B U
(5.6)
Hnh 5.1
2
.
U
1
.
U
1
.
I
2
.
I
MBC

157
Mi h s X
ik
trong cc h phng trnh trn u c nghi vt l nht
nh v c th xc nh theo phng php ngn mch-h mch hay c th o
bng thc nghim.
Trong cc h ph-ng trnh trn th s dng nhiu nht l cc h ph-ng
trnh (5.5),(5.1) , (5.2)v (5.3).
Lin h gia cc h tham s ca MBC:
Ch : -nh thc lp t h phng trnh tham s Y;
ik
-phn b i s ca .
-Nu MBC thun nghch ,tc mch t- ng h (RLC th ng) th :
Y
12
=Y
21
;Z
12
=Z
21
;

(5.6)
- Nu MBC thun nghch i xng th:
Y
12
=Y
21
;Z
12
=Z
21
; Y
11
=Y
22
;Z
11
=Z
22
; A
11
=A
22
(5.7)
-Nu MBC thun nghch(RLC th ng) th :
IAI=A
11
A
22
-A
12
A
21
=1 (5.8)

22
12
11
22 11
11
22
12
12 22
21
11
21 21
21
21
12 22
12
11
12 21
12
11
12
22
22 11
22
11
1
1
1
A
A
F H
H
Z
Z
Y
A F
F
H
H
Z
Z
Y
A
A
F
F
H
H
Z
Z
Y
A
A
F
F
H Z
Z
Y
(5.9)
2
21 12 22 11
12
21
22
11
11
22
1
A
A
F
F
H
H
Z
Y
21 12 22 11
11
21
22
11 22
11
22
21 12 22 11
12
21 11
21
22
21 21
21
21 12 22 11
21
21 11
12
22
12 12
12
21 12 22 11
22
21
11
11 22
22
11
1
1
1
A
A
F
F
H Y
Y
Z
A F
F
H
H
Y
Y
Z
A
A
F
F
H
H
Y
Y
Z
A
A
F H
H
Y
Y
Z

21 12 22 11
2
21
12
11
22
22
11
1
A
A
F
F
H
H
Y
Z
12 21
22
21
11
21 21
12
12
22
21 21 21
11
21
22
11
1
1
F
F
H
H
Z
Z
Y
A
F H
H
Z
Z
Y
Y
A
(5.13)
158

12
11
12 21 21
21
21
11
22
12
21 12 22 11
21
11
21
22
21 21
21
1
1
F
F
H Z
Z
Y
Y
A
F
F
H
H
Z Y
Y
A
(Tip 5.13)
11
12
22
21 11
22 21
22
11
12
22
21
22
21
21
21
21
11
21
22
12
22
12
11
12
12
11 22
12 22
22 21
11
1
1
A
A
F
F
Z
Z
Y
Y
H
A F
F
Z
Z
Y
Y
H
A
A
F
F
Z
Z
Y
Y
H
A
A
F
F
Z
Z
Y
H
(5.14)

11
22
22
11
22
11
11
22
1
A
A
F Z
Z
Y
Y
H (5.15)
22 11
12 11
11 22
22
22
12
11
21
11
21
22
21
21
22
21
11
12
11
12
22
12
12
22
21 12 22 11
11
21 22
11 22
11
1
1
1
A
A
H
H
Z
Z
Y
F
A H
H
Z
Z
Y
Y
F
A
A
H
H
Z
Z
Y
Y
F
A
A
H
H
Z Y
Y
F
(5.16)

22
11
11
22
11
22
22
11
1
A
A
H Z
Z
Y
Y
F (5.17)

Cc MBC ghp: MBC th nht c tham s [X] ,MBC th hai c tham s [X]
MBC ghp t 2 MBC ny c tham s [X]
Hai MBC ghp lin thng : ] ' ' A ].[ ' A [ ] A [
Hai MBC ghp song song : ] ' ' Y [ ] ' Y [ ] Y [
Hai MBC ghp ni tip : [Z]= [Z]+ [Z]
Hai MBC ghp ni tip u vo-song song u ra : [H]= [H]+ [H]
Hai MBC ghp song song u vo ni tip u ra : [F]= [F]+ [F]
Tng tr u vo ca MBC:
Khi mc ti Z
2
2-2(hnh 4.2a) th :

22 2 21
12 2 11
1
A Z A
A Z A
Z
V
(5.18)
159
Khi mc ti Z
1
1-1(hnh 5.2b) th :

11 1 21
12 1 22
1
A Z A
A Z A
Z
V
(5.18)
Tng tr c tnh ca MBC:

21
12
11
22
2
21
12
22
11
1
A
A
A
A
Z
A
A
A
A
Z
C
C
(5.19)
Nu MBC i xng th Z
1C
=Z
2C
=
21
12
A
A

Hm truyn ca MBC(Hnh 5.3)
) . (
A Z A
U
I
Z A Z Z A A Z A
E
I
) j ( T
.
.
.
.
Z
I
20 5
1
1
12 2 11
1
2
0
1 22 2 1 21 12 2 11
2
1
) . (
Y A A
U
U
Y Z A Z A Y A A
Z A Z Z A A Z A
Z
E
U
) j ( T
.
.
.
.
Z
U
21 5
1
1
2 12 11
1
2
0
2 1 22 1 21 2 12 11
1 22 2 1 21 12 2 11
2
2
1

1 21 11
2 1
2
Z A A
E
U
) j ( T
Z
U
.
.
(5.22)

2 21 22
1
2 1
Z A A
I
I
) j ( T
.
.
I
(5.23)
Vi hnh 5.3 khi Z
1
=R
1
, Z
2
=R
2
th

1 22 2 1 21 12 2 11
2 1
2
2
R A R R A A R A
R R
U
U
) j ( T
max
(5.24)

Hng s truyn c tnh Hnh (5.3)
1
.
I
MBC
Hnh 5.2
2
.
I
MBC
b)
a)
Z2
Z1
ZV2
ZV2
Hnh 5.3
2
.
U MBC
Z1
2
2'
1
1'
1'
1
1'
1
1
.
E
1
.
U
Z2

160

21 12 22 11
1 1
2 2 1 1
A A shg ; A A chg
] dB [ b j ] Nepe [ a ) ( j
) j ( T
ln
,
) j ( T
ln g
c c
c c
C
Z Z Z Z
C
c
C C
(5.25)

) . (
Z
Z
Z
Z
Arg
Z
Z
Z
Z
Arg b
) . (
Z
Z
Z
Z
ln
Z
Z
Z
Z
ln a
h V
ng V
h V
ng V
h V
ng V
h V
ng V
c
h V
ng V
h V
ng V
h V
ng V
h V
ng V
c
27 5
1
1
1
1
26 5
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1

Bi tp

5.1. Cho MBC hnh trn hnh 5.4.
a) Hy xc nh h tham s A ca MBC ny bng phng
php ngn v h mch 1-1, 2-2 theo h phng trnh
(5.5).
b)Dng cng thc (5.9),(5.11) bin i v h tham s Y
v Z.
c)Kim chng li kt qu h tham s Y bng phng php
ngn h mch 1-1, 2-2 theo h phng trnh (5.1)
c) Tnh cc tr s ca tham s A ti tn s f=228 Khz khi Z
1
l L 27,95mH ;
Z
2
l C 24 nF

5.2.Cho cc MBC hnh
T v hnh trn hnh
5.5.
a)Hy xc nh ma trn
A ca chng.
b) Nhn xt tnh cht
i ngu ca cc ma trn trn v ghi nh cc ma trn ny.

5.3. Tm ma trn Y v Z ca cc MBC hnh T v hnh BT 4.2 v nhn xt tnh
cht i ngu ca cc ma trn .
Hnh 5.4
Z1
Z2
1
1'
2
2'

Z1
Z2
1
1'
2
2'
Hnh 5.5
a) b)
Z1
Z2
1
1'
2
2'
Z3
Z3

161
5.4.Cho MBC hnh 5.4. Hy xc nh h tham s H ca MBC ny bng phng
php ngn v h mch 1-1, 2-2 theo h phng trnh (5.3).

5.5. Hy xc nh h tham s A ca MBC cu i xng trn hnh 5.6.

Z1
Z2
1
1'
2
2'
Hnh 5.6
1
1'
2
2'
Zb
Za
1
1'
2
2'
Za
Zb
Hnh 5.7
Z3
Z4
R R
C C
2C
Hnh 5.8
2
R

5.6. Hy xc nh h tham s A ca MBC trn hnh 5.7,bit Z
1
=1 , Z
2
=-j ,
Z
3
=2 , Z
4
=j .

5.7.Dng l thuyt MBC tm hm truyn t phc theo in p ca MBC hnh
5.8 v v nh tnh dng c tnh bin tn s ca MBC.

5.8. Cho MBC hnh 5.9.
a) Dng l thuyt MBC tm hm truyn t phc theo in p ca MBC ny.
b)Tm iu kin argument
ca hm truyn ) ( v
tnh tr s ca hm truyn khi
tho mn iu kin .

5.9.Cho MBC hnh 5.10.
a) Dng l thuyt MBC tm
hm truyn t phc theo in
p ca n .
b)Tm iu kin argument ca hm truyn ) ( v tnh tr s ca hm
truyn khi tho mn iu kin .
c) Nhn xt tnh cht i ngubiu thc hm truyn ny so vi BT 5.8.
d) Lp h 3 phng trnh dng mch vng tnh
.
U
2
theo
.
U
1
kim tra li kt
qu mc a)

5.10. Cho MBC hnh 5.11.
a) Dng l thuyt MBC tm
hm truyn t phc theo
in p ca n .
b)Tm iu kin
argument ca hm truyn
) ( v tnh tr s ca
R R R
C C C
.
U
.
U
.
I
.
I
1
1
2
2
Hnh 5.9
R R R
.
I2
.
U
2
1
.
U
.
I
1
Hnh 5.10
C C C

Hnh 5.11
.
U
.
U
1
2
Hnh 5.12
L L L
R R R
L L L
R R R
.
U1
2
.
U

162
hm truyn khi tho mn iu kin .
b)Tm iu kin argument ca hm truyn
2
) (
5.11. Cho MBC hnh 5.12.
a) Dng l thuyt MBC tm hm truyn t phc theo in p ca n .
b)Tm iu kin argument ca hm truyn ) ( v tnh tr s ca hm
truyn khi tho mn iu kin .
C)Tm iu kin argument ca hm truyn
2
) (
5.12. Cho MBC vi ma trn
2
2
1
1 1
j
j j
A
a) Tm ma trn [Z] ca MBC ny.
b) Xy dng s MBC hnh T ng vi ma trn [Z] va tm v xc nh tr s cc
thng s mch.
5.13. Cho MBC vi ma trn
) ( j
j
j j
Y
1 1
1 1
1
.
a) Xy dng s MBC hnh ng vi ma trn trn v xc nh tr s cc
thng s mch.
b) Tm ma trn [Z] ca MBC .

5.14.Cho MBC vi ma trn [Y] trong BT 5.13.
1. Xc nh ma trn A ca MBC.
2. Dng l thuyt MBC tm hm truyn t phc ca mch v v c tnh
bin tn s khi:
a) Khng mc ti.
b) Mc ti l Z
t
=j .
3.Tm tng tr u vo ca khi mc ti Z
t
=j

5.15. Hy xy dng
cng thc tng tr u
vo ca MBC trong
hai trng hp hnh
5.13a) v 5.13b) bit
bin p l t- ng c h
s bin p n l t s
ca s vng cun th cp trn s vng cun s cp.

5.16. Cho MBC hnh 5.14 vi R=R
1
=1 , L=1 H , C=1F.Dng l thuyt mng
Hnh 5.13
[A]
Zt
n
ZV
Zt
n
ZV
[A]
a)
b)

163
bn cc xc nh c tnh bin tn s v c tnh pha tn s ca cc hm
truyn t phc theo in p v theo dng in ca MBC.

5.17. Cho mng bn cc hnh 5.15 vi L=10 mH,R=20 .Tn s ca tn hiu tc
ng l 2000 rad/s. Ti tn s ny :
a) Tnh h tham s A ca
mng bn cc .
b) Khi mc ti Z
t
l in
tr R
t
=10 ni tip vi
in dung C
t
=50 F , hy
Tnh tng tr u vo ca
mng bn cc(tch ring
phn in tr thun v phn
phn khng: Z
V
=R
V
+jX
V
).
c) Tnh hm truyn t phc
m 1
m 2
U
U
j T
.
.
) ( khi mc ti nh- trn(vit d- i
dng
) (
) ( ) (
j
e j T j T ).
d) Theo biu thc hm truyn t phc va tm trn hy xc nh cng sut tc
dng ra ti khi in p tc ng u vo l:
u
1
(t)=10 sin (2000t+
4
) [V]
5.18. S dng l thuyt MBC tm
hm truyn t phc theo in p
v v c tnh bin tn s ca
cc mch hnh 5.16.

5.19. Cho MBC hnh 5.17 vi
1
.
U =10 V ,Z
1
=Z
3
=1 , Z
2
=-j ,Z
4
= j ,Z
t
= 1 . Hy xc nh cng sut tc
dng trn ti.
5.20. MBC hnh 5.18 c Z
1
=Z
3
= Z
5
=Z
t
=5 , Z
2
= Z
4
=Z
6
= - j5 . Xc nh I
1
,I
2

Hnh 5.14
R1
C
L
1
Hnh 5.15
R Zt
L
u1(t)
u2(t)
.
U
.
U
.
I
.
I
1 2
2

Hnh.16
L
R C R
b)
L
a)

Z1
Z2
Z3
Z4
Z5
Z6
1
1'
2
2'
Hnh 5.18.
T
Z1
Z2
1
1'
2
2'
Hnh 5.17
Z3
Z4
Zt
I1
I2
U1
U2
Zt U1

164
v U
2
bit U
1
=20V.
5.21. MBC hnh 5.19 - c mc ho hp ph ti
,c Z
1
=Z
5
=1 ,Z
2
=Z
4
=-j , Z
3
=j , ngun tc
ng l in p : u
1
(t)= 10 2 sin t[V]. Hy
xc nh:
a) Tng tr c tnh ca MBC.
b) Hng s truyn c tnh g
C
.
c) Cc gi tr hiu dng I
1
,U
2
,I
2
.

5.22. MBC hnh 5.20 mc
ho hp ph ti gm.Bit
L= 10 mH , C=12,5 F.
u
1
(t)=30sin(2000t+ /2) [V]
Hy xc nh:
a) H tham s A v tng tr
c tnh ca MBC
b)Tnh in p v dng in
tc thi u ra.

5.23. MBC hnh
5.21 mc ho hp
ph ti c
Z
1
=1 , Z
2
=-j ,
U
1
=4V. Hy xc
nh U
2
,U
3
,I
1
,I
2
v
I
3
.

5.24. Mt MBC mc ho hp ph ti ,c Z
1C
=10-j5 [ ] ,Z
2C
=6 +j8 ,hng s
truyn c tnh g
c
=0,8 [Nepe]-0,84 [rad].Tm dng in v in p u vo phc
u
1
(t) v i
1
(t) bit dng ra i
2
(t)=1,697 sin( t+20
0
) [A]

5.25.MBC hnh 5.22 c C
1
=C
2
=1 F ,C
3
= 0,5F ,
R
1
=0,5 ,R
2
=R
t
=1 .
Xc nh :
a) Ma trn A ca MBC.
b) Hm truyn theo in p.
c) Tng dn truyn t Y
21
.
5.26. MBC hnh 5.23 khi mc ti l Z
2
=R
t
=2 th
c: - Hm truyn t phc theo in p :

2 3
4
1
2
j
U
U
) j ( T
.
.

Hnh 5.19.
Z1
Z2
Z3
Z4
Z5

Hnh 5.20.
L L
C
L L
C
U1
U2
Zt

Hnh 5.21.
Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1
Z2
Z2
.
U
.
U
.
U
1
2
3
ZC
2 3 1
.
I
.
I
.
I

.
I
2
.
U
1
.
U
Hnh 5.22
2
C C C 2
3
1
R
R R
2
1
t

165
-Tng tr truyn t

4 1
2
1
2
21
j
I
U
) j ( Z
.
.

Tm tng tr u vo Z
V
(j ) v hm
truyn t phc theo dng in
1
2
.
.
I
I
) j ( T
I
.

5.27. MBC hnh 5.24 c R=1 ,C=1F ,R
1
= 1 ,
L=1 H. Xc nh
a) Ma trn Y ca MBC.
b) Hm truyn t phc theo in p khi mc ti
R
t
=1 .

5.28. Chng minh rng hm truyn t phc theo
in p ca MBC i xng mc ho hp ph ti c
th biu din bng biu thc:

1
1
2
11 11
1
2
A A
U
U
) j ( T
.
.

5.29.Chng minh rng hm truyn t phc theo in p ca MBC khi - c mc
ti Z
2
(Hnh 5.23) bng hm truyn t phc khi h ti chia cho biu thc
(1+
2
Z
Z
ngn ra
).

5.30. Ng- i ta dng MBC thun khng phi hp tr khng khi ni tr ngun
v ti khc nhau. hnh 5.25 my pht hnh sng hnh sin c ni tr 50 , pht ra
tn s 10
7
rad/s, ti l C
t
=400 pF mc song song vi R
t
=100 .MBC phi hp tr
khng chn hnh c C=600 pF.
a)Xc nh tr s L m bo phi hp tr khng.
b) Khi chn - c L , kim tra tnh phi hp ca mch.

1
.
I
2
.
I
Hnh 5.23.
Z2 MBC
1
.
U
2
.
U

Hnh.5.24
L
R
C
Rt
R1

Hnh.5.25
L
C
Rt
Rng
Ct
.
E

166
Bi Gii-p s-ch dn
5.1. a)T h phng trnh (5.5):
2
22
2
21
1
2
12
2
11
1
. . .
. . .
I A U A I
I A U A U
(5.5)
2
1
2
2 1
2
1
2 1
1
2
2
1
11
1
2 2 0
Z
Z
Z
Z Z
Z I
) Z Z ( I
' h tc I
U
U
A
.
.
.
.
.

(Hnh5.26a)
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
12
2 2 0
Z
I
Z I
' chp tc U
I
U
A
.
.
.
.
.
( Hnh 5.26b)
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
21
1
2 2 0
Z
Z I
I
' h tc I
U
I
A
.
.
.
.
.
(Hnh5.26a)
1
2 2 0
1
1
2
2
1
22
.
.
.
.
.
I
I
' chp tc U
I
I
A ( Hnh 5.26b)
2 1
2 1 2 1
2 1
12
11
22
21 1
1 12
12 1
1 12
22
11
1 1
1 1
Y Y
Z Z Z Z
Z Z
A
A
Y
; Y Y
Z A
A
Y ; Y
Z A
A
Y ) b

2
21
22
22 21 2
21
12 2 1 2
2
1
21
11
11
1 Z
A
A
Z ; Z Z
A
A
Z ; Z Z Z )
Z
Z
(
A
A
Z

c) Theo h phng trnh (5.1) dng I
2
c chiu nh- hnh 5.27.

2
22
1
21
2
2
12
1
11
1
. . .
. . .
U Y U Y I
U Y U Y I
(5.1)
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
11
1
2 2 0
Y
Z
Z I
I
' chp tc U
U
I
Y
.
.
.
.
.
(hnh 5.27b)
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
12
1
1 1 0
Y
Z
Z I
I
' chp tc U
U
I
Y
.
.
.
.
.
(hnh 5.27a)

1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
21
1
2 2 0
Y
Z
Z I
I
' chp tc U
U
I
Y
.
.
.
.
.
(hnh5.2b)
2
.
U
1
.
U
1
.
I 2
.
I
Z1
Z2
1
1'
2
2'
Hnh 5.26
a)
b)
2
.
U
1
.
U
1
.
I 2
.
I
Z1
Z2
1
1'
2
2'

2
.
U
1
.
U
1
.
I 2
.
I
Z1
Z2
1
1'
2
2'
Hnh 5.27
a)
b)
2
.
U
1
.
U
1
.
I 2
.
I
Z1
Z2
1
1'
2
2'
167
2 1
2 1
2
2
1
2
2
22
1 1 0
Y Y
) Z // Z ( I
I
' chp tc U
U
I
Y
.
.
.
.
.
(hnh 5.27a)
d) L=27,95 mH Z
1
=j 2 .228 000.27,95.10
-3
40 ; C= 24 nF
Z
2
= 29
10 24 228000 2
1 1
9
j
. . . j
C j

1 0345 0
40 38 1 1
, j
j ) , j (
A

5.2.
2 3 2
2 3 1 3 1 2 1
2
3
2
2
3 1
3 1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Y Z Y
Y Z Z Z Z Y Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z Z
Z Z
Z
Z
A
] T [
;
2 1 2 3 1 3 1
2 2 3
1
2
3 1
2
3 1
2
3
2
1
1
1
1 1
1
Z Y Z Y Y Y Y
Z Z Y
Z
Z
Z Z
Z
Z Z
Z
Z
Z
A

5.3. C th xc nh ma trn bng phng php ngn v h mch theo cc h
phng trnh (5.1) v (5.2)., tuy nhin s n gin hn nhiu nu:
-Lp h phng trnh dng mch vng cho mch hnh T ri so snh vi
(5.2) s xc nh ngay - c:

3 2 2
2 2 1
Z Z Z
Z Z Z
Z
T
(*)
- Lp h phng trnh in th nt cho mch hnh ri so snh vi
(5.1) s xc nh ngay - c:

3 2 2
2 2 1
Y Y Y
Y Y Y
Y (**)
Dng cng thc (5.9) bin i (*) v Y nhn - c:

3 2 3 1 2 1
2 1
3 2 3 1 2 1
2
3 2 3 1 2 1
2
3 2 3 1 2 1
3 2
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z
Y
T
(#)

Dng cng thc (5.11) bin i (**) v Z nhn - c:
168

3 2 3 1 2 1
1 2
3 2 3 1 2 1
2
3 2 3 1 2 1
2
3 2 3 1 2 1
3 2
Y Y Y Y Y Y
Y Y
Y Y Y Y Y Y
Y
Y Y Y Y Y Y
Y
Y Y Y Y Y Y
Y Y
Z (##)

5.4.
2
1
1
1
1
Z
Z
H
5.5.

1 2
2 1
1 2
1 2
2 1
1 2
2 1
2
2
Z Z
Z Z
Z Z
Z Z
Z . Z
Z Z
Z Z
A

5.6. C th coi MBC ny l 2 MBC ghp ni tip hoc ghp song song .
Coi l hai MBC ni tip :Hnh 5.28a) tm [Z] ca MBC bn trn l hnh , [Z]
cua MBC bn d- i l hnh T(hay c bit) ri tm [Z]=[Z]+[Z] Chuyn v
[A].

Z1
Z2
1
1'
2
2'
Hnh 5. 28
Z3
Z4
Z4
Z1 Z3
Z2
a)
b)

Coi l hai MBC song song :Hnh 5.28b) tm [Y] ca MBC trn l hnh (c
bit) , [Y] ca MBC di l hnh T ri tm - c:
[Y]=[Y]+[Y]
13
12 5
13
15 3
13
15 3
13
9 7
j j
j j

Chuyn v [A].
6
2 4
6
4 2
6
5 1
6
5
j j
j j
A
169
5.7. Hnh 5.29-y l MBC i xng cha 2 MBC hnh T song song (Ng- i ta
gi y l cu T kp). D dng xc nh ma trn [Z]
v [Z]ca tng MBC,sau chuyn sang ma trn
[Y],[Y] ri tnh c:
Y]=[Y]+[Y]=
) C j G (
CG j C
) C j G (
C
) C j G (
C
) C j G (
CG j C
2
2
2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2

( G=1/R)

1
1 0
0
1
4
1
1
4
1
0
2 2 2
0
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
22
21
11
) j ( T
) j ( T
; ) j ( T ) C G Tc (
RC
i T
C G
CG
j
CG j C G
C G
Y
Y
A
) j ( T
th hnh 5.30.
(C th nhn - c kt qu hm truyn nh- trn bng cch khc: coi
.
I
1
,
.
I
2

l 2 ngun dng,lp h phng trnh in th nt ,tm
.
U
1
,
.
U
2
sau tm hm
truyn.)
5.8. Hnh 5.31(3 MBC mc lin thng)
29
1 6
6 5 1
1
0 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
) j ( T :
RC
) b
) R C ( CR j R C
) j ( T ) a

5.9.Hnh 5.32. (3 MBC mc lin thng)

29
1
6
1
1
6
1 5
1
1
0 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
) ( T ;
RC
Khi ) b
)
R C
(
CR j
R C
) j ( T ) a

R R
C C
2C R/2
I1
U1
I2
U2
Hnh 5.29

Hnh 5. 30
0
1
IT(j )I
0

R R R
C C C
.
U
.
U
.
I
.
I
1
1
2
2
Hnh 5.31.

R R R
.
I2
.
U
1
.
U
.
I
1
Hnh 5.32

170


29
1
6
6 5 1
1
0 0
2 2
2
2 2
2
) j ( T ;
L
R
) b
)
L
R
(
L j
R
L
R
) j ( T ) a

L
R
) c
5
01

5.12.
a)
j
j j
j
;
j
Z
1 1
1 1
1

b) Hnh 5.35

5.13.
)
1
( j
j
1
j
1
j
1
1
Y
a) Hnh 5.36 b) Cng thc(##)BT5.3.

5.14. 1.
j j
j
A
1 1
1
2
2

2.
2
1
1
t
Z
) j ( T ) a ;
4 2
2
1
j Z
t
) j ( T ) b
3.
) ( j
) ( j
Z
V
2 2
2
2 1
2

5.15. Hnh 5.13a)
Hnh 5.33
.
U
.
U
1
2
L L L
R R R

L
R
) c
) j ( T ;
L
R
) b
)
R
L
(
R
L
j
R
L
) j ( T ) a
5
29
1
6
6 5 1
1
01
0 0
2
2 2
2
2 2

Hnh 5.34
L L L
R R R
.
U1
2
.
U

Hnh 5.35
R=1 L=1H
C=1F

R=1
L=1H
C=1F
Hnh 5.36

171

22 21
2
12 11
2
1
A Z . A n
A Z . A
n
Z
Z
t
t v
v

Hnh 5.13b)
22
2
21
12
2
11
A
n
Z
. A
A
n
Z
A
Z
t
t
v

5.16.
2 4
2
2
2
2
4
1
2 2
1
arctg arctg ) ( ; ) j ( T ;
j
j
) j ( T
U U

2
4 2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
tg arc ) ( ; ) j ( T ;
j
I
I
) j ( T
I I I
.
.

5.17. Hnh 5.37

] [ j Z ) b
,
j j
A ) a
V
16 8
1 05 0
20 1
1

W , P ) d
e , ) j ( T ) c
t
625 0
5 0
0
90

5.18. Xem BT.2.29 v 2.30 (ch- ng2)

5.19. (Xem phng php trong BT5.7.)
5
4 3
5
6 2
5
6 2
5
4 3
j j
j j
Y

; W
R
U
P V U U
U
U
) j ( T
t
t t
50 2 5
2
2
2
2
2
1
2

5.20. Theo (**) v (#) BT 5.3. :
T hnh 5.38a) theo(**) l
3 2 3 1 2 1
2 1
3 2 3 1 2 1
2
3 2 3 1 2 1
2
3 2 3 1 2 1
3 2
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z
Y
T

tm - c

04 0 12 0 04 0 08 0
04 0 08 0 04 0 12 0
, j , , j ,
, j , , j ,
Y
T

Hnh 5.37
R Zt
L
u1(t)
u2(t)

Hnh 5.38.
Z1
Z2
Z3
Z4
Z5
Z6
-j5
-j5
-j5
5
5
5
a)
b)

172
T hnh 5.38b) theo (#) l
6 5 5
5 5 4
Y Y Y
Y Y Y
Y :

2 0 2 0 2 0
2 0 2 0 2 0
, j , ,
, , j ,
Y
Y
24 0 32 0 04 0 28 0
04 0 28 0 24 0 32 0
, j , , j ,
, j , , j ,
Y Y Y
T

Thay vo h phng trnh (5.1) nh- sau:

2 1 2
2 1 1
24 0 32 0 04 0 28 0
04 0 28 0 24 0 32 0
. . .
. . .
U ) , j , ( U ) , j , ( I
U ) , j , ( U ) , j , ( I
(&)
Thay
.
U
1
=20 V, 2
.
U =-5. 2
.
I Du v tham s Y xc nh theo h
phng trnh 5.1 vi dng I
2
ng- c chiu U
2
vo (&):
Ph- ng trnh th 2:

A , I , j ,
,
, j ,
I
) I )( , j , ( ) , j , ( I
.
. .
975 1 073 1 6585 1
2 8
8 8 6 13
5 24 0 32 0 20 04 0 28 0
2
2
2 2

Ph- ng trnh th nht:

V 9,875 R I U ; A , I
, j , ) )( , j , )( , j , ( ) , j , ( I
t 2 2
.
9019 7
6339 6 2927 4 5 073 1 6585 1 04 0 28 0 20 24 0 32 0
1
1

(C th kim tra li kt qu bng cch tnh
hm truyn t phc theo ma trn [Y] tm - c,
tnh U
2
ri tnh cc i l- ng khc.)

5.21. Hnh 5.39.y l hai MBC mc lin
thng.D dng xc nh:
1
1 1
j
j
A ;
j j
j
A
T
1
0

;
j j
j j
j j
j
j
j
A A A
T
2
1
0
1
1 1

a) ; 2
A
A
Z Z
21
12
c 2 c 1

2
88 0 2 1
2 1 2 1
1 2 2 2
90
22 11 21 12
c c
j g
c c
c c
b ; Nepe , ) ln( a
e ) ( j e chg shg
j A A chg ; j j j A A shg
o
c

Hnh 5.39
Z1
Z2
Z3
Z4
Z5

173
g
c
= 0,88 [Nepe]+j /2
c) A ,
Z
U
I ; V , U
U
ln
U
U
ln , a
c
c
07 7 2 5 15 4
10
88 0
1
1
1 2
2 2
1

C th tnh cch dng-p khc nh- sau:
V , . , Z I U
; A , e , ) ( j A Z A A A
; e ,
) (
j
; j j j A Z A A A
t
j
c
j
. .
c
o
o
I
.
I
.
U
.
I
.
I
.
I I I
.
I
.
U
.
U
.
15 4 2 9289322 2
2 5 071 7 9289322 2 1 2
9289322 2
2 2
10
2 2 2 2 10
2 2
90
2 22 21 2 22 2 21 1
90
2
2 2 2 12 11 2 12 2 11 1

5.22. Hnh 5.40 a)
; j . . j
L j Z Z
20 10 10 2000
3
3 1

40
10 5 12 2000
1
1
6
2
j
. , . j
C j
Z

Hai MBC mc lin thng c tham s A ging nhau:

2 1 T T
A A
5 0 025 0
30 5 0
, , j
j ,

Tng tr c tnh ca MBC chung cng ging ca cc MBC thnh phn:
641 34
025 0
30
21
12
,
, j
j
A
A
Z
T
T
C

b) Hng s truyn ca mt MBC l
0 60
1
60
1
22 11 1
21 12 1
60 866 0 5 0
866 0 5 0
5 0
866 0 025 0 30
0
0
j e ln ) , j , ln( g
e , j , e chg shg
, A A chg
, j , j j A A shg
j
C
j g
c c
T T C
T T C
c

V hai MBC nh- nahu mc lin thng nn:
g
C
=2g
1C
=a
C
+jb
C
=j120
0

b) g
C
=
0
2
1
120
1
j jb a
U
U
ln
) j ( T
ln
C C
C
.
.

a
C
=0 U
1
=U
2
=30V; b
C
=
U1
-
U2
=30-
U2
=120
0
U2
=-90.
u
2
(t)=30 sin(2000t- 90
0
) [V]
Hnh 5.40.
L L
C
L L
C
ZC
ZC ZC

174
] A [ ) t sin( , ) t sin(
, R
) t ( u
Z
) t ( u
i
t C
0 0 2 2
2
90 2000 866 0 90 2000
641 34
30

L- u : C th tm :
[A]=
2 1 T T
A A
5 0 025 0
30 5 0
5 0 025 0
30 5 0
5 0 025 0
30 5 0
, , j
j ,
, , j
j ,
, , j
j ,

T tm Z
C
v g
C

641 34
025 0
30
21
12
,
, j
j
A
A
Z
C

Hng s truyn ca MBC ln l
0
120
22 11
21 12
120 866 0 5 0
866 0 5 0
5 0 5 0 5 0
866 0 025 0 30
0
j ) , j , ln( g
e , j , e chg shg
, ) , ).( , ( A A chg
, j , j j A A shg
C
j g
c c
T T C
C
c

5.23. Mch mc ho hp ph ti s c tng tr u vo bng tng tr c tnh
(Hnh 5.41). T tnh t- ng t nh- BT 5.22 - c:

5535 0
495 1 2 1
, j
C
e , j Z ; ] rad [ , j ] Nepe [ ,
g
c
9052 0 0612565 1
2

; A ,
Z
U
I
; A , ,
Z
U
I
A ,
Z
U
I
; V , U
; V , U
C
C
C
32026 0
9266 0
675 2
4789 0
384 1
5
3
2
2
1
1
3
2

5.24.
Ch dn :
C
g
C
Z
U
I ; U e U ; Z . I U
.
. . . . .
C
1
1
1 2 1
2
2 2

u
1
(t)=37,767sin( t+25
0
) [V] ;
i
1
(t)=3,378sin( t+51,565
0
) [A].

5.25.Hnh 5.42.
a) MBC cho c dng ging mch BT 5.8 ,
nn trong mch cho coi R
t
thuc thng s trong ca MBC , tc MBC ch- a mc
Hnh 5.41
Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1
Z2
Z2
.
U
.
U
.
U
1
2
3
ZC
2 3 1
.
I
.
I
.
I
ZC ZC

2
c
g

2
c
g

c
g

.
I
2
.
U
1
.
U
2
C C C 2
3
1
R
R R
2
1
t
.
I
1
Hnh 5.42

175
ti.Nh- vy c th xc nh cc tham s A ca n nh- xt trong BT .5.8 ,t 3
MBC hnh .
;
j
Z ;
j
Z Z
C C C
2 1
3 2 1

1 1
2 2
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 2
1 2
1
2 2 1
j j A ; j j A ; j j A

2 2
3 2 3 2
2 2 1
2 2
2 1
4 8
1
4 10
4
4 10 4 4 12 8
1
2
1
2
3
2 2 2 4
1
) j (
j
) j (
j
) j ( ) j (
j
) j ( ) j (
j
A A A
j j
) j (
j
) j (
j
A A

10 4 4
1
12 8 4
1
2
3
12
21
2 2
3
11
1
2
j
j
A
Y ) c
;
) ( j
j
A
U
U
) j ( T ) b
.
.

5.26. T
4 1
2
1
2
21
j
I
U
) j ( Z
.
.
c th xc nh ngay - c:
T
I
(j )=
4 1
1
2
21
2
1
2
1
2
j Z
) j ( Z
Z I
U
I
I
.
.
.
.

) j ( I I
. .
4 1 2 1 (*)
T
2 3
4
1
2
j
U
U
) j ( T
.
.
c 1
.
U
4
2 3
2
j
U
.
(**)
Chia (**) cho(*) - c
Z
V
=
) j (
j
j
j
j
j
I
U
I
U
.
.
.
.
4 1 2
2 3
4 1
4
2 3
2
4 1
4
2 3
2
2
1
1

176
5.27.

j
j
j
j j
Y
1
2 2
1
1 1
2
;
3 3
1
2
2
j
j
) j ( T
u

5.29. T h phng trnh (5.1) ta c Y
22
l tng dn u ra khi ngn mch u
vo , nn
22
1
Y
=Z
ra ngn
.

2 22
11
2
22
11
2
11
12
11
2 12 11 2 1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
Z Y
A
Y
Y
A
Y
A
A
A
Y A A Z i t U
U
) j ( T

Biu thc cui chnh l iu cn chng minh.
5.30. L=5 H

Ht ch-ng 5
177
Chng 6
ng dy di

Tm tt l thuyt
ng dy c gi l di nu qu trnh truyn tn hiu trn n khng phi
din ra tc thi m phi mt mt khong thi gian nht nh ;hay ni cch khc l
di ca bc sng tn hiu truyn trn ng c cng bc vi di l ca
ng dy.ng dy di (DDD) lit vo loi
mch c tham s phn b,trong mi mt n v
di ng dy c s tng ng l mt
MBC hnh 6.1. Cc thng s r
0
,L
0
,C
0
,g
0
gi l cc
tham s s cp ca DDD.Chng l nhng i
lng c tr s kh nh v c xc nh nh sau
cho hai loi cp truyn tn hiu l cp song
hnh(i xng )hnh 6.2a) v cp ng trc hnh
6.2b).
trc ng ] m / )[
r r
( f . ,
hnh Song ] m / [
r
f ,
.
r
2 1
8
8
0
1 1
10 18 4
18 4
10 2
(6.1)
trc ng ] m / H [
r
r
ln .
r
r
ln
hnh Song ] m / H [
r
r a
ln .
r
r a
ln
L
o
o
1
2 7
1
2
7
0
10 4
10 4
(6.2)
trc ng ] m / F [
r
r
ln
.
r
r
ln
hnh Song ] m / F [
r
r a
ln
.
r
r a
ln
C
o
o
1
2
9
1
2
9
0
1
18
10 2
1
36
10
(6.3)
] m . / [ tg C g
o o
= 1 (6.4)
o
=4.10
-7 -
H/m- t thm ca khng kh.
o
=1/36.10
9
F/m-Hng s in mi.
Cc tham s sng(th cp) ca DDD:
Hng s truyn sng(tng t nh g
c
ca MBC):
) C j g )( L j r (
0 0 0 0
+ + = = [nepe] + j [rad]
(6.5)
r L
g
C
0
0
0
0
Hnh 6.1
Mt n v di

Hnh 6.2
2r
2r
r
1
2
Lp cch in
a
a) b)

178

) . ( C L ;
r
L
C r
s
6 5
2 2
0 0
0
0
0 0
=
=

Tr khng (tng tr) sng ca DDD :
0 0
0 0
C j g
L j r
Z
s
+
+
= (6.7.)
Xc nh hng s truyn qua tng tr vo ngn v h mch.

+
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
= k
Z
Z
Z
Z
arg ;
Z
Z
Z
Z
ln
Vh
Vng
Vh
Vng
Vh
Vng
Vh
Vng
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
l l
(6.8)
l -chiu di ng dy
Phng trnh vi phn c trng:
+ =
+ =
t
u
C ug
x
i
t
i
L ir
x
u
o o
o o
(6.9)
Nu l ch hnh sin xc lp trong mch th t (6.9) suy ra :

+ =
+ =
m
.
o o
m
.
m
.
o o
m
.
U
I
I
U
) C j g (
x
) L j r (
x
(6.10)
T (6.10) c : 0
2
2
2
=
U
U
.
.
x
m
(6.10)
Nghim ca(6.9)v(6.10) l:

+ =
+ =

x
s
x
s
m
x x
m
e
Z
A
e
Z
A
e A e A
I
U
.
.
2 1
2 1
(6.11)

c n ph Sng
s
x
s
ti Sng
s
x
s
x n ph Sng
x
ti Sng
x
) x t cos( e
Z
A
) x t cos( e
Z
A
) t , x ( i
) x t cos( e A ) x t cos( e A ) t , x ( u
+ + + + =
+ + + + =

2
2
1
1
2 2 1 1
(6.12)

=
+
=

l
l l
l
l l
e
Z
A
e
Z
A
m
.
s m
.
m
.
s m
.
I U
I U
2
2
2
1
(6.13)
179
K hiu
m m
. .
I , U l l
tng ng l bin phc ca in p v dng in cui
ng dy.
Vn tc truyn sng(Vn tc pha):

o o
Ph
C L
v
1
=
= (6.14)
H phng trnh truyn:

pxm
.
Tm
.
PX
) x l (
s
m
.
s m
.
T
) x l (
s
m
.
s m
.
m
.
pxm
.
Tm
.
) x l ( m
.
s m
.
) x l ( m
.
s m
.
m
.
I I
I U I U
I
U U
I U I U
U
e
Z
Z
e
Z
Z
e
Z
e
Z
=
+
=
+ =
+
+
=

2 2
2 2
l l l l
l l l l
(6.15)

y l phng
trnh ca dng v p ti
im bt k trn ng
dy ch bt k
(hnh 6.3).C th a v
dng hm hypecbolic:

+ =
+ =
) x ( ch ) x ( sh
Z
) x ( sh Z ) x ( ch
m
s
m
Xm
.
m s m Xm
I
.
U
.
I
I
.
U
.
U
.
l l
l l
l
l
l l
(6.16)
y chnh l h phng trnh tham s A ca MBC i xng .
Khi x=0(k hiu
m m
. .
I , U 0 0
tng ng l bin phc ca in p v dng
in u ng dy)

+ =
+ =
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
ch sh
Z
sh Z ch
m
s
m
m
.
m s m m
I
.
U
.
I
I
.
U
.
U
.
0
0
(6.16)
Quan h gia sng ti v sng phn x:

s
pxm
.
pxm
.
Tm
.
Tm
.
Z
I
U
I
U
= = (6.17)

) . ( e p e
Z Z
Z Z
.
.
.
.
) x ( ) x (
s
s
Tm
pxm
Tm
pxm
I
I
U
U
18 6
2 2
=
+
= =
l l
l
l

Zl
Hnh 6.3
l- x=x
x

180
) . (
e
.
. p
.
e
.
. p
.
) x (
Tm pxm
) x (
Tm pxm
I I
U U
19 6
2
2
=
=

l
l

) . (
Z Z
Z Z
p
) . (
) e p (
) e p (
s
s
) x (
Tm pxm Tm m
) x (
Tm pxm Tm m
I
.
I
.
I
.
I
.
U
.
U
.
U
.
U
.
21 6
20 6
1
1
2
2
+
= =
+ = + =

l
l
l
l

Truyn t u n cui ng dy khi HHPT: Z
l
=Z
S
th:

m
S
m
lm m
m m s lm s m
I
U
I I
U I I U
.
.
. .
. . . .
e
Z
e ) sh ch (
e Z e Z ) sh ch (
l
l
l
l
l l
l l
l l
l l

= = + =
= = + =
0
0
(6.22)
Tnh ti im x bt k theo dng-p cui hoc u ng dy khi mc HHPT:

s
Xm
Xm
x
m
) x (
m
) x (
s
m s m
Xm
x
m
) x (
m
) x l (
m s m
Xm
Z
e e e
Z
Z
e e e
Z
I
U
I I
I U
I
U U
I U
U
.
.
. .
. .
.
. .
. .
.
=
= =
+
=
= =
+
=

0
0
2
2
l
l
l l l
l
l
l l
(6.23)
Tng tr u vo ti im x bt k :

) x (
) x (
S
m
.
m
.
V
pe
pe
Z Z
I
U

+
= =
l
l
2
2
1
1
(6.24)
ch HHPT: Z
Vx
=Z
S
ng dy c tn hao v cng nh khi r
0
0,g
0
= 0 hay 0
s s
C
L
Z =
0
0

Khi (6.16)tr thnh

+ =
+ =
) x ( ch ) x ( sh
Z
) x ( sh Z ) x ( ch
m
I
.
U
.
I
I
.
U
.
U
.
s
m
Xm
.
m
s
m Xm
l l
l l
l
l
l l
(6.25)
.
Ch sng chy khi HHPT Z
s
=
s
:
181
p=0,u(x,t)=u(x,t)
ti
,bin sng trn ng dy l nh nhau,dng in
v in p lun ng pha.

+ +
= =
+ + = =
) ' x t cos( ) t , x ( i ) t , ' x ( i
) ' x t cos( ) t , x ( u ) t , ' x ( u
s
m
T
m T
U
U
l
l
l l
(6.26)
Ch sng ng ch phn x ton phn I p I =1 :
u(x,t)=U
m
cos(t+x)+ U
m
cos(t-x+
p
)=2 U
m
cos(t+
P
/2)cos(x-
P
/2)
(6.27)
Ch ng sng hn hp 0< I p I <1.

dng Sng chy Sng
p/2)] x'- cos( p/2) + t Um[cos( p 2 + ) x' + t cos( ]Um p - [1 = t) , u(x' (6.28)
Tng tr u vo:
' x j
' x j
s Vx
pe
pe
Z

+
=
2
2
1
1
(6.29)
Khi HHPT: Z
V
(x)=
S
. (6.30)
Khi ngn mch cui ng dy:
Theo bin x: ' x jtg Z
Vng
=
4
2
=
' x
jtg ; (6.31)
Theo bin :
;
C L l
Vi ; tg j ) ( Z
s Vng
0 0 0
0
0
2
2

=

=
(6.32)
Khi h mch cui ng dy:
Theo bin x: ' x jtg Z
Vh
=
4
2
=
' x
ctg j
s
; (6.33)
Theo bin :
;
C L
Vi ; ctg j ) ( Z
s Vh
0 0 0
0
0
2
2
l

=

=
(6.34)

Bi tp

6.1. ng dy lng kim song hnh cng tc tn s 10 Khz , c cc tham s
s cp nh sau : r
0
= 4,98 /km ; L
0
= 1,91 mH/km ; C
0
=6,35 nF/km ,
g
0
= 0,6 .10
-6
1/.km. Hy xc nh cc tham s , ,V
ph
v .

6.2. ng dy song hnh c di 200 Km , cng tc tn s 5000 rad/s.Tng
tr u vo o ch ngn v h mch cui ng dy tng ng l :
'
j
n ng V
' j
h V
e Z ; e Z
45 22
0
11 37
0
0 0
351 1070 = =

.
Hy xc nh , ,, r
0
, L
0
, C
0
, g
0
,Z
S
ca ng dy.

182
6.3.DDD c di 200 km cng tc tn s 5000 rad/s ,c cc tham s s cp
nh sau:
km .
. , g ;
km
nF
, C ;
km
mH
. , L ;
km
, r
= = =
=

1
10 7 0 35 6 08 9 2 42
6
0 0 0 0

Hy xc nh tng tr u vo ca DDD trong 3 trng hp ti :
a) Z
t
= b) z
t
=0 ; c) Z
t
= 500
0
30 j
e []

6.4.ng dy di hnh
6.4.mc HHPT c cc tham
s:
tr khng sng
Z
S
=743 e
0
10 j
[] ,
hng s truyn:
=[nepe/km]+j[rad/km]
=[35,7+j172].10
-4
,
ngun tc ng e(t)=sin 5000t [V].Hy xc nh:
a) Biu thc tc thi ca dng in u ng dy, in p v dng in
cui ng dy.
b) Tr s ca dng n v in p im x trn ng dy ti thi im t
1
=0
v t
2
= 0,2 mS.

6.5. ng dy di hnh 6.5 ch hnh sin xc lp c chiu di 300 Km mc
ti ho hp ph ti , vi cc tham s : =0,015 nepe/km ,
s
=500 . in p
mt im cch cui ng
dy mt on 100 km
c bin 2 2 V.
a)Xc nh gi tr hiu
dng ca in p, dng
in v cng sut u v
cui ng dy.
b) im no trn ng
dy th gi tr bin ca in p l 14,442 V

6.6. ng cp ng trc di 220 m ch hnh sin xc lp mc ho hp ph
ti , c cc tham s : =0,0025 nepe/m ,=0,0085 rad/m; Z
S
=75
0
45 j
e
[]. in
p im M cch u ng dy 50m c biu thc tc thi:
u
M
(t)=150 cos (10
6
t + 65
0
) [V ] .
a)Xc nh biu thc tc thi ca in p v dng in cui ng dy .
b)Xc nh cng sut tc dng ca ngun tn hiu v cng sut tn hao trn
ng dy.
Zl
Hnh 6.4
450km
100 km
X

Hnh 6.5
200 km 100 km
l
X

183
6.7. Cp cao tn mc HHPT c cc tham s : l =220 m , =0,25 nepe/km ,
Z
S
=550 .Bit cng sut tc dng ti l 2 KW. Hy xc nh:
a)Cng sut tc dng ca ngun tn hiu .
b)Cng sut tiu hao trn cp.
c) H s hiu dng ca cp.
d) Tr s bin ca dng,p u ng cp.

6.8. ng dy di ch hnh sin xc lp mc ho hp ph ti , c cc tham
s nh sau: Z
S
= 450
0
50 j
e
, =6,5.10
-4
nepe/km , =4,5.10
-3
rad/km ,
l =350 km. Dng in im K cch u ng dy 120 km c biu thc tc
thi l :
i
K
(t)=250 cos (10
6
t+50
0
) [mA] . Xc nh:
a)Biu thc tc thi ca dng in v in p cui ng dy.
b) Cng sut tc dng ca ngun tn hiu v cng sut tn hao trn ng dy.

6.9. ng dy di ch hnh sin xc lp mc ho hp ph ti , c cc tham
s nh sau: Z
S
= 500
0
60 j
e , =0,001 nepe/km , =5.10
-3
rad/km, l =400 km.
Bit cng sut tc dng ra ti l 10 W, gc pha u ca dng in qua ti l 25
0
.
Hy xc nh:
a)Biu thc tc thi ca dng in , in p u ng dy v im cch u
ng dy 150 km.
b) Cng sut tc dng ca ngun tn hiu v cng sut tn hao trn ng dy.

5.10.ng dy di lm vic ch hnh sin xc lp, h mch cui ng
dy ; c cc tham s nh sau: Z
S
= 600
0
50 j
e [] , =[nepe/km]+j[rad/km]
=(2,5+j12,5).10
-3
, l =450 km . in p cui ng dy c biu thc
u
l
(t)=10 cos(t +25
0
). [V]
a) Tm biu thc tc thi ca in p v dng in u ng dy.
b) Theo bn khi h ti th ng dy c tiu hao cng sut hay khng?

6.11. ng dy di lm vic ch hnh sin xc lp, h mch cui ng
dy , c cc tham s nh sau: Z
S
= 665
0
50 j
e [] , =[nepe]+j[rad/km]
=(3,32+j18,1).10
-3
, l =300 km. in p u ng dy o c l 1 V.Tm
gi tr hiu dng ca in p cui ng dy v dng in u ng dy.

6.12. ng dy di lm vic ch hnh sin xc lp, ngn mch cui ng
dy , c cc tham s nh sau: Z
S
= 1580
' j
e
28 20
0
[] , =[nepe]+j[rad/km]
=(148+j 374).10
- 4
, l =100 km. in p u ng dy o c l 1 V.Tm
gi tr ca dng in u v cui ng dy.
184
6.13.DDD mc ti ho hp c cc tham s =[nepe/km]+j[rad/km]=0,2+j 80 ,
l di bng 10 ln bc sng.Bit dng qua ti l I
l
=2 A,in p ti
U
l
= 1 KV,gc lch pha gia in p v dng in ti bng 0. Xc nh cng
sut u ng dy.

6.14. ng dy di lm vic ch hnh sin xc lp c cc tham s nh sau:
Z
S
= 1580
' j
e
28 20
0
[] , =[nepe]+j[rad/km] =(148+j 374).10

- 4
, l =100 km.
Ngun tc ng c ni tr
Z
ng
= 500
0
25 j
e [](hnh
6.6); ti c tr s Z
t
=Z
ng
.
Bit in p ti c tr s
U
l
=0,18 V.Hy xc nh:
a) Gi tr tc thi dng
in cui ng dy.
a) Gi tr tc thi dng
in v in p u ng dy.
c) S tc thi ca ngun.

6.15. Mt DDD c cc tham s nh sau: r
0
=3 /km , C
0
=6.nF ,g
0
=0,5.10
-6
/km.
Tm gi tr ca in cm phn b L
0
tn hiu truyn qua ng dy khng b
mo.

6.16. Mt ng dy khng tn hao h mch cui ,cng tc tn s
=5.10
4
rad/S , c in p hiu dng u ng dy l 10 V. Cc tham s
ca ng dy: l = 60 km , L
0
=0,24.10
-2
H/km , C
0
=0,67.10
-8
F/km.
a) Xc nh in p cui v dng in u ng dy.
b) Tnh cc bng sng v v th phn b bin in p v dng in dc theo
ng dy.

6.17. ng dy khng tn hao ngn mch cui , cng tc tn s
=5000 rad/s ,c cc tham s nh sau: l = 6 0 k m , L
0
=0,24.10
-2
H/km ,
V
ph
=2,5.10
5
km/ S. Hy xc nh dng in ti im u v im cui ng dy
khi in p u ng dy U
0
=10 V.

6.18. Mt DDD c tham s L
0
=5,63.10
-6
H/km , C
0
= 10
-11
F/km.Ngi ta mc
song song vi ng dy mt ng dy c tn hao v cng nh ngn
mch cui .
a) tn s no th ng dy hon ton khng nh hng n qu tnh truyn
tn hiu trn ng dy chnh.
b) tn s no th ng dy lm ngng tr hon ton qu trnh truyn tn
Hnh 6.6
=100 km l

185
hiu trn ng dy chnh.

6.19. Hy xc nh tng tr u vo ca ng dy khng tn hao ngn mch
cui , c l =35 m , =50 m ,
S
=505.

6.20. Cho mt DDD khng tn hao lm vic tn s 100 Mhz,tc truyn sng
l 5,899.10
8
m/S c
S
=500 , h mch cui. Xc nh bin dng in
im cch cui ng dy 1m nu in p cui ng dy o c l 10 V.

Bi gii-p s-ch dn
6.1. ) C j g )( L j r (
0 0 0 0
+ + = = [nepe] + j [rad];
km / rad . ; km / nepe . ,
3 3
10 219 10 58 4

0 0
0 0
C j g
L j r
Z
s
+
+
= =548
0
2 1, j
e

; S / km . ,
C L
v
o o
Ph
5
10 87 2
1
= =
= ; km ,
f
V
ph
7 28 = =
6.2. = 2,4.10
-3
Nepe/km ,= 1,76.10
-3
rad/km -theo (6.8).
Nhn (6.5) vi (6.7) tnh r
0
= 1,591 v L
0
=176 H.
Chia (6.5) cho (6.7) tnh g
0
= 3,52.10
-6
1/ .km v C
0
=0,67 nF

6.3. T thay vo (6.16) x=0 ( u ng dy) s c:
+ =
+ =
l l
l
l
l l
ch sh
Z
sh Z l ch
lm
s
m
m
.
m
s
m
m
I
.
U
.
I
I
.
U
.
U
.
0
0

Trong h phng trnh trn ,chia phng trnh th nht cho phng trnh th hai
c biu thc tng tr u vo ca mch .
Nh vy: khi h mch cui DDD th I
l
m
=0 nn:
(*) cth Z Z
s h V
l =
0

Khi ngn mch cui DDD th U
l m
= 0 nn
(**) th Z Z
s n ng V
l =
0

Khi mc ti Z
t
= 500
0
30 j
e [] th cng thc Z
V0
tnh nh sau:

+ = + =
+ = + =
) ch sh
Z
Z
( ch sh
Z
Z
) l sh Z l ch Z ( l sh Z ch Z
s
t
m m
s
m
t m
.
s t m m s m t m
I
.
I
.
I
.
I
I
.
I
.
I
.
U
.
l l
l
l
l
l
l
l l
l
l
0
0
l l
l l
+
+
=
ch sh
Z
Z
sh Z ch Z
Z
s
t
s t
V0
(***)
186
Nh- vy th t tnh BT ny nh- sau:
-Tnh Z
s
v t- ng t nh- BT 6.1
-Tnh l= l +j l
- Tnh tng tr u vo theo cc cng thc (*),(**) v (***)
Ch : tnh cc hm hypecbolic ca ( l+j l) p dng cc cng thc:
jthxtgy
jtgy thx
thxthjy
thjy thx
) y j x ( th
1 1
hay p dng cng thc:
th(x jy)= A+jB ;
y cos x ch
y sin
B ;
y cos x ch
x sh
A
2 2
2
2 2
2

sh(x j y)=We
j

; W= ) tgy . cthx ( arctg ; y sin x sh
2 2

ch(x j y)=We
j

; W= ) tgy . thx ( arctg ; y cos x sh
2 2

Trn my tnh mun
bm cthx th bm thx ri
ly nghch o(cthx=1/thx)
6.4. a)T hnh 6.7 ta thy
di - ng dy
l = 550 km.
in p u - ng dy l
1 0m
.
U [V].V mc HHPT
nn :
0
0
10 3
10
0
0 10 346 1
743
1
j
j
z
m
m e . ,
e
Z
U
I
.
.

i
0
(t)=1,346 sin(5000t+10
0
) [mA]
V ch HHPT nn dng quan h (6.22.) v 6.23.:

] mA [ ) , t sin( , i
e . ,
e
e ,
Z
] V [ ) , t sin( , ) t ( u
e , e e e
, j
, j
, j
s
m
m
, j . . j . . ,
m m
U
I
U U
.
.
. .
28 9 5000 188 0
10 188 0
743
14 0
177 3 5000 14 0
14 0
28 9 3
17 0
46 9
46 9 550 10 172 550 10 7 35
0
4 4
lm
l
l
l
l
l

b)

] mA [ ) , t sin( , i
e . ,
e
e ,
Z
] V [ ) , t sin( , ) t ( u
e , e e e
Xm
, j
, j
, j
s
Xm
Xm
X
, j . . j . . ,
m
X
Xm
U
I
U U
.
.
. .
55 1 5000 942 0
10 94 0
743
7 0
72 1 5000 7 0
7 0
55 1 3
17 0
72 1
72 1 100 10 172 100 10 7 35
0
4 4

Zs
Hnh 6.7
100 km
m
.
U0
lm
.
U
Xm
.
U
m
.
I0
lm
.
I
Xm
.
I
450 km
l

187
u
X
(0)=-0,69 V ; u
X
(0,2 mS)=-0,46 V
i
X
(0)=- 0,94 mA ; i
X
(0,2mS)=-0,4923 mA

6.5.

mW , P ; mA , I ; A , U
W , P ; mA , I ; V , U ) a
398 0 8925 0 446259 0
2274 3 34 80 171 40
0 0 0
l l l

b) km , x 3 91
1
(cch u d- ng dy)

6.6.
] A [ ) , t cos( , ] A [ ) , t cos( , ) t ( i ;
] V [ ) , t cos( , ] V [ ) , cos( , ) t ( u ) a
t
0 6 6
0 6 6
2 27 10 3075 1 470 0 10 3075 1
8 17 10 065 98 3106 0 10 065 98
l
l
; W , P ) b 33 45
l
W , P 84 90

6.7.
a) P
0
2,2325561 kW b) W P 232 c) % ,58 89
A , I ; V , e U ; V , U ; A , I ) d
m
, . ,
m om m
767 2 2 1472 1100 63 1555 828 2
22 0 25 0
0 l l

6.8. ] V [ ) , t cos( , ) t ( u ) a
m
034 1 10 878 96
6
l

] mA [ ) , t cos( , i
ml
1623 0 10 28 215
6
l

W , P ; W , P
;
,
. , e . I ; , e . , U ) b
, . ,
mo
, . ,
m
85 3 56 10
450
62 121
10 28 270 250 62 121 5 112
0
3 0120 0 5 6 0120 0 5 6
0

6.9.
] A [ ) t cos( , ) t ( i
e , e , e e . e , e I I
] V [ ) t cos( , ) t ( u
e , e , e e e e U U
e e . e . , I Z U
] A [ ) t cos( , ) t ( i ; e , I
; A , I W P ; j e Z Z ) a
j , j . j . , j
m m
j , j . j . , j
m m
j i j
t
j
j
S t
. .
. .
. .
.
0
0
140 436 2 400 10 5 400 001 0 25
0
0
0
200 483 3 400 10 5 400 001 0 85
0
85 60 25
25
60
140 2 298 0
2 298 0 2 298 0 2 2 0
200 2 18 149
2 18 149 2 18 149 2 100
2 100 500 2 2 0
2 2 0 2 2 0
2 0 10 433 250 500
0 3 0
0 3 0
0 0 0
0
0
l
l
l
l
lm lm
l
lm
l

] V [ ) , t cos( , ) t ( u
e , e , e e . e e U U
X
, j , j . . j . , j jx
xm
. .
0
6 156 733 2 250 10 5 250 001 0 85
6 156 2 4 128
2 4 128 2 4 128 2 100
0 3 0
lm

188
] A [ ) , t cos( , ) t ( i
X
0
6 96 2 257 0
b) W , P ; W , e e P P
. , .
2554 12 2554 22 10
400 001 0 2
0
l
l

5.10. a) Theo cng thc (6.16) khi h mch cui DDD th I
l m
=0 nn:

l sh
Z
ch
s
m
m
.
m m
U
I
U U
.
. .
l
l
l
0
0
(*)
T phng trnh th nht ca (*):
) , j , ( ch . e 10 ) . . , j . . , ( ch . e ch
0 0
j25 j25
m m U U
. .
625 5 125 1 450 10 5 12 450 10 5 2 10
3 3
0
l
l

Tnh ring ch(1,125+j5,625) theo cng thc dn trong ch dn ca BT 6.3:
0
1
2 2
32 559 0 625 5 125 1
58875 1 62584 0 8983 1 625 5 125 1
625 5 125 1
1
rad , ) , tg . , th ( arctg
, , , , cos , sh W
We ) , j , ( ch
j

T
0 0
7 32
0
8875 15 58875 1
j j j25
m
e , e , . e 10
0
U
.

u
0
(t) 15,9 cos (cos t-7
0
) [V]
T phng trnh th 2:
) , j , ( sh
e
e
l sh
Z
j
j
s
m
m
.
U
I
.
625 5 125 1
600
10
0
0
50
25
0
l

0
1
2 2
3 29 5113 0 625 5 125 1
5075 1 0 8983 1 625 5 125 1
625 5 125 1
2
, rad , ) , tg . , cth ( arctg
, , , , sin , sh W
We ) , j , ( sh
j

0 0
0
0
3 54 3 29
50
25
0
025125 0 5075 1
600
10
, j , j
j
j
s
m
m
.
e , e ,
e
e
l sh
Z
U
I
.
l

i
0
(t)=25,125 cos ( t-54,3
0
) [mA]
b) Hy t xem , cng sut tc dng ti 1 im bt k trn - ng dy xc
nh theo cng thc no!

6.11. Ul = 0,745 V ; I
0
= 1,55 mA.

6.12. Il = 0,293 mA ; I
0
= 0,657 mA.

6.13. =2 / ; P
0
= 2,21 KW

6.14. l =1,48+j3,74; Z
S
= 1580
' j
e
28 20
0
=1580
0
47 20, j
e =1580e
-j0,3572
;
Z
t
= Z
ng
= 500
0
25 j
e =500e
j0,4363
;
189

0
57 31 5511 0
74 3 48 1 2
2405 2 6827 0
74 3 48 1
, j , j
) , tg . , th ( tg jarc 2
e , e , 4,3374
e , cos , sh j3,74) ch(1,48 ch l

0
09 37 6475 0
74 3 48 1 2
1575 2 3173 0
74 3 48 1
, j , j
) , tg . , cth ( tg jarc 2
e , e , 4,3374
e , sin , sh j3,74) h(1,48 sh s l

a) Gi s in p ti c gc pha u bng 0 , tc u
l
(t)=0,18 cos t , hay
; ,
U
.
18 0
l

] mA [ e . , ] A [ e . ,
e
,
Z
, j , j
j
t
m
U
I
.
.
4363 0 4363 0 3
25
36 0 10 36 0
500
18 0
0
l
l

i
l

(t)=0,36. 2 cos( t-25
0
)= 0,509cos( t-25
0
) [mA]

b) Theo h phng trnh (6.16) c :
] V [ ) , t cos( , ) , t cos( , ) t ( u
e , , j , , j ,
, j , e , e , e , . e
. . , . e e , . , sh Z ch
, j
, j , j , j j
,
j , j
m s m m I U U
. . .
0 0
0
55 1
38 8 57 31 09 37 25
3
47 20
57 31
0
55 1 2 2 55 1 2 558 1
558 1 0423 0 5577 1 1788 0 2141 1
2211 0 3436 0 2272 1 4033 0 1575 2
10 36 0 1580 2405 2 18 0
0
0 0 0 0
0
0
l
l
l
l

Theo h phng trnh (6.16) c :

] mA [ ) , t cos( , ) , t cos( . , ) t ( i
e . . , ). , j , (
) , j , , j , ( e . . , e . ,
e , . e . . , e , .
e
,
ch sh
Z
, j
, j , j
, j j , j
, j
m
s
m
m
.
I
U
I
.
.
0 0
0
8 17 3 3
3 57 6 3 56 57 3
57 31 25 3 09 37
47 20
0
8 17 38 1 8 17 2 98 0
10 98 0 10 2996 0 9331 0
10 0922 0 8013 0 2074 0 1318 0 10 8066 0 10 2458 0
2405 2 10 36 0 1575 2
1580
18 0
0
0 0
l
l
l
l

c) Tnh ngun s:

] V [ ) t cos( , ) t ( e
e , , j ,
, j , , j , e , ) , j , (
e . e . . , ) , j , ( I Z U E
j
, j
j ,
m
nh
m m
. . .
0
14
8 42
25 8 17 3
0 0
14 13 2
13 2 513 0 0661 2
4707 0 5084 0 0423 0 5577 1 6929 0 0423 0 5577 1
500 10 2 98 0 0423 0 5577 1
0
0
0 0

6.15. Khi Z
S
=
S
= const ,khng ph thuc vo tn s .

6.16. ;
. ,
. ,
C
L
Z : sng ng kh Tr
s S
600
10 67 0
10 24 0
8
2
0
0

km / rad , . , . . , . C L : pha s H 2 0 10 67 0 10 24 0 10 5
8 2 4
0 0

190
km , : sng c - B 41 31
2
U
0
=10V ;U
0m
=14,14 V.
a) p dng cng thc (6.25):

) x ( ch ) x ( sh
Z
) x ( h Z ) x ( ch
m
I
.
U
.
I
I
.
U
.
U
.
s
m
Xm
.
m
s
m Xm
l l
l l
l
l
l l

H mch cui - ng dy nn 0
l
I
V ,
) . , ( cos cos
U
.
U
.
cos
U
.
U
.
85 11
60 2 0
10
0
0
l
l
l l
;U
l
m
=11,85 V ,76 16 2
y chnh l gi tr ca bng sng in p .

mA , I ; A , j ) . , sin( .
600
11,85
j sin
Z
j
s
.
U
.
I
59 10 01059 0 60 2 0
0 0
l
l
;
I
0m
=10,59 mA 15 2
b) =31,41 km ; /4=7,8525 km.
Trong cng thc (6.25),k hiu l -x=x. Ton ng dy di 60 km,tc
1,91 - gm 7,64 on /4. Tnh bng sng dng in
. mA , A , , . , sin
,
j sin
Z
j
s
m
.
U
.
I
m
93 27 02793 0 8525 7 2 0
600
76 16
4
4
l

27,93 mA l bng ca sng dng in.

X
0
4 2
4
7
Hnh 6.8.
u
-ng dy
Cui
-ng dy

. mA j A , j . , sin
,
j sin
Z
j
s
m
m
.
U
.
I
15 015 0 60 2 0
600
76 16
0
l
l

th phn b bin sng ng trnh by trn hnh 6.8.- ng lin nt l
sng in p , c bng t 16,76 V,u - ng dy l 14,14 V.- ng t nt l
sng dng n c bng l 27,93 mA.,u - ng dy 15 mA.
191
6.17. ; mA , I ; ) sng bng ( mA , I 479 6 88 17
0
l

6.18. Hnh 6.9.
a) Tng tr u vo ca
- ng dy ngn mch
cui xc nh theo cng
thc 6.32):
:
0 0 1
0
2
C L tg j
tg j ) ( Z
s
s Vng
l

Nh- vy phi chn
.
C L
) k (
) k ( C L
0 0 1
0 0 1
2
1 2
2
1 2
l
l
Gi s chn l
1
= 1km th
....) , , , K ( Mhz , K . , ) k (
. . ,
) k (
C L
) k (
f 7 5 3 1 3 33 10 333 0 1 2
10 10 63 5 4
1 2
4
1 2
8
11 6
0 0

b)Khi
...) , , , K ( Mhz , K
C L
k
f Km Vi ;
C L
k
C L
k
f
o o o o o o
8 6 4 2 3 33
4
2
1
2 2
1
1 1
l
l l

6.19. 1550 j Z
Vng

6.20. ; ,
. ,
.
V
f
ph
065 1
10 899 5
10 2 2
8
8

A , , sin j ' x sin j
s
ml
.
m ' X
.
U
I
0245 0 065 1
505
2 10

Ht ch-ng 6

Hnh 6.9
l1
-ng dy

192
Ch-ng7
Mch lc in

tm tt L thuyt
Mch lc in l mt mng bn cc thc hin bin i ph ca tn hiu
theo mt quy lut ton hc no .Mch lc thng dng tht l mch lc thun
khng LC.Mch lc LC li chia thnh loi k v loi m.L thuyt mch lc
thun khng thng xut pht t MBC hnh hnh 7.1a). nhn - c cng
thc c dng ton hc thun tin , ng- i ta k hiu tr khng nhnh ngang l
2
1
Z
,nhnh dc l
2Z
2
. T mch lc
hnh 7.1a) to ra
mch loc i xng
hnh Thnh 7.1b) v
lc i xng hnh
hnh 7.1c).L thuyt chung lc thun khng xy dng cho mch hnh 7.1a) xut
pht t cng thc hng s truyn c tnh g
C
ca MBC
. A A
b
sin
a
jch
b
cos
a
sh )
b
j
a
( sh
g
sh
c c c c c c C
21 12
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(7.1)
T (7.1) tm - c iu kin c lcl Z
1
v Z
2
phi khc tnh.
Tr- ng hp tch tng tr hai nhnh l mt hng th lc l lc loi k.Lc
Z
1
Z
2
=R
0
2
=K
2
=const.

(7.2)
Trong
2 1
Z Z c th nguyn ca in tr , gi l in tr danh nh ca
mch lc ,k hiu l R
0
hoc K.
Trong cng thc 7.1 th g
C
/2 l hng s truyn c tnh ca mch lc hnh
hnh 7.1a),th-ng gi l mt na t lc.Mc lin thng hai na t - c
mt t hnh T hoc , c hng s truyn c tnh l g
C
.
+Lc
thng thp
(hay lc tn s
thp) loi K
c nhnh
ngang l in
cm ,nhnh
dc l in
dung nh- hnh 7.2. (di thng 0
C
,di chn
C
)
Cc cng thc tnh cc thng s ca mch lc thng thp:
in tr danh nh:
2
1
0
C
L
R (7.2)
Hnh 7.1
Z1
Z2
b)
c)
2Z2
a)
2
1
Z
2
1
Z
2
1
Z
2Z2
2Z2

Hnh 7.2
b)
c)
a)
2
1
L
2
1
L
2
1
L
2
2
C
2
C
1
L
2
2
C
2
2
C
ZCT ZCT
ZCT
ZC ZC
ZC

193
Tn s ct:
2 1 2 1
1
2
2
C L
f ;
C L
C
C C
(7.3)
H s suy gim c tnh trong di chn :
2
2
2
1
4
C
X
X

] Nepe [
f
f
ch arc ch arc a
c c
c
2 2 (7.4)
H s pha c tnh :
Trong di thng: hoc rad [
f
f
ch arc sin arc b
c c
c
2 2 ] (7.5)
Trong di chn: b
C
= .
Tng tr c tnh :

2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
1 1
1 1
c c
C
c c
CT
f
f
R R
Z
f
f
R R Z
(7.6)
Ch : Mch lc c tng tr c tnh ph thuc vo tn s nn ni chung
l khng th m bo HHPT.V vy nh ngha mt cch t- ng i trong cac bi
tp s gii l : ch HHPT l ch ti thun tr R
t
=R
0
. S mt ho hp ph ti
- c c trng bi h s ti:
0
R
R
t

(7.7)
+Lc
thng cao (hay
lc tn s cao)
loi K c
nhnh ngang l
in dung ,
nhnh dc l
in cm nh-
hnh 7.3. (di thng
C
,di chn 0
C
)
Cc cng thc tnh cc thng s ca mch lc thng cao:
in tr danh nh:
1
2
0
C
L
R (7.8)
Tn s ct:
2 1 2 1
4
1
2
2
1
C L
f ;
C L
C
C C
(7.9)
Hnh 7.3
b)
c)
a)
2
L
ZCT ZCT
ZCT
ZC ZC
ZC
2
L 2
2
L 2
2
L 2
1
C
2
1
C
2
1
C 2
1
C

194
2
2
2
1
4
C
X
X

] Nepe [
f
f
ch arc ch arc a
C C
c
2 2 (7.10)
H s pha c tnh :
Trong di thng: hoc rad [
f
f
ch arc sin arc b
c c
c
2 2 ] (7.12)
Trong di chn: b
C
= - .
Tng tr c tnh :

2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
1 1
1 1
f
f
R R
Z
f
f
R R Z
c c
C
c c
CT
(7.13)
+Lc thng di(hay lc di thng) loi K c nhnh ngang l khung cng
h- ng ni tip , nhnh dc l khung cng h- ng song song,hai nhnh coc cng
tn s cng h- ng
0
-Hnh 7.4.(di thng
C1 C2
,di chn 0
C1
,
C2
)

Hnh 7.4
b)
c)
a)
2
1
L
2
1
L
2
1
L
2
2
C
2
L
1
2C
ZCT ZCT
ZCT
ZC
ZC ZC
2
1
2C
1
2C
2
L
2
C
1
L
2
L
1
C
2
2
L 2
2
2
C
2
2
C

Cc cng thc tnh cc thng s ca mch lc thng di loi k:
in tr danh nh:
1
2
2
1
0
C
L
C
L
R (7.14)
Tn s ct:

2
0
2
1
0
1
0
1 1
2
1
0
1
0
2
2
0
2
1
0
1
0
1 1
2
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
L
R
L
R
C L L
R
L
R
L
R
L
R
C L L
R
L
R
C
C
(7.15)
Di thng: =
C2
-
C1
=
1
0
2
L
R
(7.16)
195
Tn s trung tm
2 1
2 2 1 1
0
1 1
C C
C L C L
(7.17)

2
2
1
4
F
X
X
(7.18)

0
1
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
F
C C C C
(7.19)
] Nepe [ F ch arc a
c
2 (7.20)
H s pha c tnh :
b
c
=
2
2 0
0 1
1
2
2
0
C
C
C
C
khi
khi F sin arc
khi F sin arc
khi
(7.21)
Tng tr c tnh :
2
0 2
0
1
1
F
R
Z ; F R Z
C CT
(7.22)
+Lc chn di(hay lc chn di hay lc di chn) loi K c nhnh ngang
l khung cng h- ng song song , nhnh dc l khung cng h- ng ni tip hnh
7.5 (di thng 0
C1
v
C2
,di chn
C1

C2
).
Cc cng thc tnh cc thng s ca mch lc chn di loi:

Hnh 7.5
c)
a)
2
1
L
2
1
L
ZCT ZCT
ZCT
ZC
ZC
ZC
1
2C
2
L 2
2
2
C
b)
1
2C
2
L
2
C
1
2C
1
L
1
C
2
L 2
2
2
C
2
L 2
2
2
C
2
1
L

in tr danh nh:
1
2
2
1
0
C
L
C
L
R (7.23)
Tn s ct(ging lc thng di):

2
0
2
1
0
1
0
1 1
2
1
0
1
0
2
2
0
2
1
0
1
0
1 1
2
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
L
R
L
R
C L L
R
L
R
L
R
L
R
C L L
R
L
R
C
C
(7.24)
196
Di chn : =
C2
-
C1
=
1
0
2
L
R
(7.25)
Tn s trung tm
2 1
2 2 1 1
0
1 1
C C
C L C L
(7.26)
] Nepe [
F
ch arc a
c
1
2 (7.27)

2
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
C
C C C C C
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
F (7.28)
H s pha c tnh : b
c
=
2
2 0
0 1
1
1
2
0
1
2
C
C
C
C
khi
F
sin arc
khi
khi
khi
F
sin arc
(7.29)
Tng tr c tnh :
2
0
2
0
1
1
1
1
F
R
Z ;
F
R Z
C CT
(7.30)
Lc loi M:
Kt cu ni tip (hnh 7.6a)
1
2
2
2 1 1
4
1
Z
m
m
m
Z
Z ; mZ Z
m m
(7.31)
Kt cu song song (hnh 7.6b)
2
2
1 1
2
2
1
4
1 1 1
Z
m
m
mZ Z
;
m
Z
Z
m
m
(7.32)
Cc tham s:

2
1
2
2
2
1
1 4
4
m
Z
Z
m
Z
Z
m
m

(7.33)
Tn s ct gi nguyn cc
cng thc nh- lc loi k.
Tn s t bin ca a
C
(tn
s

,ti a
C
=

)
Hnh 7.6
ZCT
ZC
2 2
1 1
mZ Z
m
1
2
2
2
1
2
Z
m
m
m
Z
m
Z
2
2
m
ZCT
ZC
m
Z
Z
m
2
2
2
2
2
1m
Z
m
2
1
mZ
2
2
1
2
Z
m
m

197

2
1
2
1 4 m
Z
Z
=0 (7.34)
Suy gim c tnh trong di chn :
2
1
2
1
4
2
m
Z
Z
m
ch arc a
c
(7.35)
Pha c tnh trong di thng :
2
1
2
1
4
2
m
Z
Z
m
sin arc b
c
(7.36)
Tng tr c tnh :
2
1 2
4
1 1
Z
Z
) m (
Z
Z
CT
CTm
(7.37)
]
Z
Z
) m ( [ Z Z
C m C
2
1 2
4
1 1 (7.38)
Mch lc RC .
Lc RCthng thp (hnh 7.7)
Tn s ct:
RC
C
4
(7.39)
H s suy gim c tnh :

2
2
4
1
2 8
)
RC
(
RC ) RC (
sha
c

(7.40)

2
1
2
RC
a sha
RC
Khi
c
(7.41.)

Ti tn s ct sha
C
=2,2 ,tc a
C
=1,53 nepe
Ghp hai na t hnh 7.7a) - c mt t lc hnh T hnh 7.7b) hoc mt
t lc hnh hnh 7.7c).t lc hnh s dng s t tn hao nng l- ng hn t
lc hnh T v dng hnhT i qua hai in tr mc ni tip .
Lc RCthng cao (hnh 7.8)
Tn s ct:
RC
C
4
1
(7.42)
H s suy gim c tnh :

2 2
4
1
1
2
1
8
1
) RC (
RC
) RC (
sha
C
(7.43)
Hnh 7.7
2
C
2
R
2
R
2
R
2
C
2
C
R
C
a)
b) c)

198
Khi
RC
a sha
RC
c
2
1
1
2
1
(7.44)

Ti tn s ct sha
C
=2,2 ,tc
a
C
=1,53 nepe.
Ghp hai na t hnh 7.8a)
- c mt t lc hnh T hnh 7.8b)
hoc mt t lc hnh hnh 7.8c).
Mc lin thng mt t lc
thng thp v mt t lc thng cao
- c lc RC thng di.

bi tp
7.1.Mch lc thng thp c tn s ct l 15 Khz , in tr ti 500 .Hy xc nh:
a) Cc thng s vt l ca mch lc.
b) V s hnh ,hnh T v hnh ca mch lc ,in trn hnh
v tr s cc thng s vt l ca mch .
c)H s suy gim c tnh tn s 10 Khz, 20 Khz v 25 Khz.
d) H s pha c tnh tn s 5 Khz, 10 Khz v 20 Khz.
e) Tng tr c tnh tn s 5 Khz, 10 Khz.

7.2.Mch lc thng thp tn s ct f
C
=12 Khz.
a) tn s no th h s suy gim c tnh t 2,172 nepe?
b) tn s no th h s pha c tnh t 90,2
0
?

7.3.Mch lc thng thp loi k c tn s ct 8 Khz. Hy xc nh h s suy gim
c tnh tn s 12 Khz v 18 Khz , h s pha c tnh tn s 2,5 Khz v
6 Khz.

7.4.Mch lc thng thp c tn s ct l 500 Hz , in tr ti 600 .Hy xc nh:
b) V s hnh ,hnh T v hnh ca mch lc , in trn hnh
c)H s suy gim c tnh tn s 1000 Hz v 1500 hz.
d) H s pha c tnh tn s 120 Hz v 320 Hz.
e) Tng tr c tnh tn s 120 Hz v 320 Hz.

7.5. t lc thng thp hnh T c in tr danh nh l 450 ,tn s ct
1200 Hz.
a) Xc nh cc thng s vt l ca t lc.
b) tn s no th h s suy gim c tnh ca t lc l 2,585 nepe?
Hnh 7.8
C
R
a)
b) c)
2C
2R
2C 2C
2R 2R

199
c) tn s va tm - c mun c h s suy gim c tnh l 7,755 nepe
th phi kt cu mch lc nh- th no?
d) Tnh h s suy gim c tnh ca mch lc va kt cu tn s
2000 Hz.
7.6. t lc thng thp hnh T c in tr danh nh l 450 ,tn s ct
1200 Hz. Hy xc nh:
a) Tng tr c tnh tn s 250 Hz.
b) tn s no th tng tr c tnh ca t lc l 320 ?
c) Nu in tr ti l 520 th nn kt cu t lc nh- th no m bo
phi hp tr khng vi ti? Khi tn s no s c phi hp tr khng
hon ton?

7.7. t lc thng thp hnh c in tr danh nh l 450 ,tn s ct l
1500 Hz.Hy xc nh:
a) tn s no th tng tr c tnh ca mch lc l 600
b) tn s no th h s pha c tnh c tr s 1,46 rad.

7.8.Cho mch lc hnh 7.9.Hy xc nh:
a) Tn s ct ca mch lc .
b) in tr danh nh R
0
ca mch lc.
c)H s suy gim c tnh tn s 2000 Hz v
2500 hz.
d) H s pha c tnh tn s 500 Hz v
920 Hz.
e) Tng tr c tnh tn s 500 Hz
f) V mch lc hnh t- ng ng v in tr s cc thng s mch trn
hnh .

b) in tr danh nh R
0
ca mch lc.
c)H s suy gim c tnh tn s
4000 Hz v 6 000 hz.
d) H s pha c tnh tn s 1000 Hz
v 1800 Hz.
f) V t lc hnh T v hnh t- ng ng ; in
tr s cc thng s mch trn hnh .

b) in tr danh nh R
0
ca mch lc.
Hnh 7.9
66,85 mH
F 0,485
66,85 mH

Hnh 7.10
50 mH
0,1 F

Hnh 7.11
0,12 H
0,79 F
0,79 F

200
c)H s suy gim c tnh tn s 1000 Hz v 2500 hz.
d) H s pha c tnh tn s 350 Hz v 1200 Hz.
f) V hnh T t- ng ng v in tr s cc thng s mch trn hnh .

7.11. Mch lc thng cao c tn s ct l 800 Hz,in tr ti 250 .Hy xc nh:
b) V s hnh ,hnh T v hnh ca mch lc ,in trn hnh
c)H s suy gim c tnh tn s 150 Hz , 500 Hz v 1000 Hz.
d) H s pha c tnh tn s 250 Hz , 1000 Hz v 1500 Hz.
e) Tng tr c tnh tn s 1200 Hz.

7.12. Mch lc thng cao c tn s ct l 500 Hz.
a) tn s no th h s suy gim c tnh c tnh ca mch lc t 3
nepe.
b) tn s no th h s pha c tnh c tr s -1,46 rad.

7.13. Mch lc thng cao c tn s ct l 200 Hz.
a) tn s no th h s suy gim c tnh c tnh ca mch lc t
35,86 dB.
b) tn s no th h s pha c tnh c tr s - 60
0
.

b) in tr danh nh R
0
ca mch lc.
90 Hz v 180 hz.
d) H s pha c tnh tn s 100 Hz v
320Hz.
f) V mch lc hnh T t- ng ng v in
tr s cc thng s mch trn hnh .

b) in tr danh nh R
0
ca mch lc.
200 Hz .
d) tn s no th h s suy gim t
3,5 nepe.
e) tn s no th h s pha c tnh c
Hnh 7.12
0,31 H
0,68 F
0,31 H

Hnh 7.13
280 nF
0,66 H

201
tr s l - 70
0

f) V mch lc hnh T v hnh t- ng ng ; in tr s cc thng trn cc
hnh .

7.16.Mch lc thng di loi k c tn s ct f
C1
=8 Khz, f
C2
= 12,5 Hz,in tr ti
850 . Hy xc nh:
b) V s hnh , hnh T v hnh ca mch lc , in trn hnh
v tr
s cc thng s vt l ca mch .
c)H s suy gim c tnh cc tn s
5 Khz v 20 Kz.
d) H s pha c tnh cc tn s 5 Kz ,
9 Khz , 11,111 Khz v 20 Khz.
e) Tng tr c tnh cc tn s 9 Khz v
11,111 Khz

7.17.Cho mch lc hnh 7.14.
a) y l mch lc loi g,ti sao?
b) V s hnh hnh tng ng ca
mch lc v in trn tr s cc thng s vt l ca mch lc trn .
c)Tnh h s suy gim c tnh cc tn s 4,5 Khz v 16,082 Kz.
d) H s pha c tnh cc tn s 4 Kz , 7,5 Khz , 9,65 Khz v
18,092Khz.
e) Tng tr c tnh cc tn s 7,5 Khz v 9,65 Khz.

7.18.Mch lc di chn loi k c in tr danh nh l 1000 , cc tn s ct l
6,25 Khz v 10,24 Khz.
b) V s hnh , hnh T v hnh ca mch lc , in trn hnh
c)V nh tnh dng c tnh bin tn s a
C
v pha tn s b
C
(theo l
thuyt).
d)Tnh h s suy gim c tnh cc tn s 7, 5 Khz v 8,533 Kz.
e) Tnh h s pha c tnh cc tn s 4 Kz , 7,5 Khz , 8,533 Khz v 16
Khz.

7.19. Mch lc thng thp loi m hnh T c m=0,5 , kt cu ni tip, - c to t
mch lc loi K t- ng ng c in tr danh nh R
0
=1000 ,tn s ct f
C
=1 Khz
a) Tnh cc thng s vt l ca mch lc
b) V s mch lc v in tr s cc thng s mch trn s .
c) Tnh tn s t bin ca c tnh bin tn s (tn s c a
C
)
d) Tnh suy gim c tnh tn s 1100 Hz v 1160 Hz
Hnh 7.14
ZCT ZCT
70
nF
5mH
10 nF
35mH
35mH
10 nF

202
7.20. Mch lc thng thp loi m hnh T c m=0,5 , kt cu song song , - c to
t mch lc loi K t- ng ng c in tr danh nh R
0
=1000 ,tn s ct
f
C
=1000 Hz
a) Tnh cc thng s vt l ca mch lc
b) V mch lc v in tr s cc thng s mch trn s
c) Tnh tn s t bin ca c tnh bin tn s (tn s c a
C
)
d) Tnh suy gim c tnh tn s 1100 Hz v 1160 Hz

7.21.Vi mch lc hnh 7.15
a)y l lc loi no?Ti sao?
b)Tnh tn s ct ca mch lc.

c)tnh h s suy gim a
C
ca mch lc in vo
bng 7.1 , t v th t- ng ng.(Nn lp trnh
tnh theo cng thc (7.40).)

Bng 7.1
rad/s
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
a
C
nepe

7.22. Cho mch lc hnh 7.16
a) y l mch lc loi no,ti sao?
b) Xc nh cc tn s ct ca mch lc.
c)Tnh h s suy gim a
C
ca mch lc
in vo bng 7.2 ,t v th t- ng
ng.

Bng 7.2
rad/s
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
a
C
nepe

bi gii-p s-ch dn
7.1. a) V n n
C
L
R R ,
C L
f
t C
2
1
0
2 1
1

mH , H , C R L
nF , F . ,
. . .
R f
C
C
6 10 0106 0
44 42 10 44 42
500 10 15
1 1
2
2
0 1
9
3
0
2

Hnh 7.15
100
500 500 F F

Hnh 7.16
400
500 F
F
10
25

203
b) S mch
lc trnh by
trn hnh 7.17

c) H s suy
gim c tnh
:
tn s 10Khz : 0
10Khz
c
a v tn s ny thuc di thng.
tn s 20Khz : nepe , ch arc
f
f
ch arc a
C
Khz
c
5907 1
15
20
2 2
20

tn s 25Khz : nepe , ch arc
f
f
ch arc a
C
Khz
c
1972 2
15
25
2 2
25

d) H s pha c tnh :
tn s 5Khz:
0
5
94 38 6797 0
15
5
2 2 , rad , sin arc
f
f
sin arc b
C
Khz
c

tn s 10Khz:
0
10
62 83 4596 1
15
10
2 2 , rad , sin arc
f
f
sin arc b
C
Khz
c

tn s 20Khz:
Khz
c
b
20
v tn s ny thuc di chn.
e) Tng tr c tnh: tn s 5 Khz, 10 Khz
Z
CT
:
tn s 5Khz: 4 471
15
5
1 500 1
2
2
0
5
,
f
f
R Z
C
Khz
CT

tn s 10Khz: 7 372
15
10
1 500 1
2
2
0
10
,
f
f
R Z
C
Khz
CT

Z
C
: tn s 5Khz: 33 530
15
5
1
500
1
2 2
0
5
,
f
f
R
Z
C
Khz
CT

tn s 10Khz: 8 670
15
10
1
500
1
2 2
0
10
,
f
f
R
Z
C
Khz
CT

7.2. a) f
1
19,8 Khz ; b) f
2
= 8,5 Khz.

7.3. ; nepe , a ; nepe , a
Khz
c
Khz
c
901 2 925 1
18 12

Hnh 7.17
b)
c) a)
ZCT ZCT
ZCT
ZC ZC
ZC
5,3mH
21,22
nF
5,3mH 5,3mH
42,44nF
10,6 mH
21,22
nF
21,22
nF

204

0
6
0
5 2
18 97 42 36 , b ; , b
Khz
c
Khz ,
c

7.4. Xem BT 7.1.

7.5. a) F , C 589 0
2
; L
1
= 0,121 H
b) f
1
2350 Hz.
c) Mc 3 t lin thng.
d) 6,592 nepe.

7.6. a) 440 ; b) 844 Hz ; c) Chuyn sang t lc hnh t- ng ng; 601 Hz.

7.7. a) Hz f 992
1
; b) f
2
1000Hz

7.8.
a) L
1
=66,8.2=133,7 mH. C
2
=0,485 F.
Hz
C L
f
C
1250
1
2 1

b) 525
2
1
0
C
L
R
c) nepe , ch arc a
Hz
C
0939 2
1250
2000
2
2000

nepe , ch arc a
Hz
C
6339 2
1250
2500
2
2500

d)
0
500
16 47
1250
500
2 , sin arc b
Hz
C

0
920
78 94
1250
920
2 , sin arc b
Hz
C

e) . Z
Hz
CT
481
1250
500
1 525
2
500

f) Hnh 7.18

7.9.
707
2250
0
R ) b
Hz f ) a
C

f) Hnh 7.19

7.10. 276 731
0
R ) b ; Hz f ) a
C

f) Hnh 7.20
Hnh 7.18
F 0,2425
133,7 mH
F 0,2425

Hnh 7.19
b)
a)
50 mH 50 mH
0,2
100 mH
0,1
0,1
F
F
F

205

7.11.

800 250 4
1
4
1
4
1
2
1
0
1
1 2
1 2
1
2
0
. . f R
C ;
C L
f
;
C L
;
C
L
R ) a
c
C
C

mH , H , . . C R L ; F , F . , 875 24 024875 0 10 398 250 398 0 10 98 3
9 2
1
2
2
7
0

b) Hnh 7.21
c) nepe , ch arc
f
f
ch arc a
C
Hz
c
716 4
150
800
2 2
150

) ng th i d thuc Hz ( a ; nepe , ch arc a
Hz
c
Hz
c
1000 0 0939 2
500
800
2
1000 500

d)
0
1500
0
1000 250
46 64
1500
800
2
26 106
1000
800
2 2 250
, sin arc b
, sin arc
f
f
sin arc b ); chn i d thuc Hz ( ; b
Hz
c
C
Hz
c
Hz
c

e) ;
1200Hz
Z ;
1200Hz
Z
C CT
335
1200
800
1
250
186
1200
800
1 250
2
2

7.12. a) Hz ) b ; Hz 750 212

7.13. 1 nepe 8,69 dB ; 1 dB 0,115 nepe
Hz f ) b ; Hz f ) a 400 50
2 1

7.14.
a) Hz f ; . H ,
,
L , F , C 245 155 0
2
31 0
68 0
0 2 1
b) 477
0
R

c) nepe , a ; nepe , a
Hz
c
Hz
c
652 1 318 3
180 90

Hnh 7.20
0,06 mH 0,06 H
1,58 F

Hnh 7.21
b)
c) a)
ZCT ZCT
ZCT
ZC ZC
ZC
0,796
49,75
mH
F F F 0,796 0,796
24,875
mH
F
0,398
49,75
mH
49,75
mH

206

d) . rad , b ; b
Hz
c
Hz
c
744 1
320 100

e) 826
C
Z
f) Hnh 7.22

7.16.

2 2 1 1
2 1 0
2
1
2
1
10 5 12 8
C L C L
. Khz , . f . f f ) a

. nF F .
R
L
C ; mH H ,
. F .
R
L
; Khz , ,
L
R
F ;
L
R
;
C
L
C
L
R
83 10 83 60 06 0
4500
850
5 4 8 5 12
2
9
2
0
1
2
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
2
2
1
0

. mH H .
C ) . f (
L
C L
f . f f
. nF , F . ,
, . ) . ( L ) . f (
C
C L
f . f f
3 10 3
2
1
2
1
22 4 10 22 4
06 0 2 10
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
2
0
2
2 2
2 1 0
9
2 4
1
2
0
1
1 1
2 1 0

b) Cc mch lc hnh , hnh T v hnh trnh by trn hnh 7.23
c)H s suy gim c tnh cc tn s 5 Khz v 20 Kz.

0
1 2
0
0
f
f f
f
f
f
f
F
C C
;

Khz f Khz f
F ,
,
,
,
F
20 5
333 3
45 0
5 1
10
8 5 12
5
10
10
5

. Nepe , , ch arc a a
Khz f
C
Khz f
C
7476 3 333 3 2
5 20

d) H s pha c tnh cc tn s 5 Kz , 9 Khz , 11,111 Khz 20 Khz.(Hnh 7.24)
Hnh 7.22
0,155 H
1,36 F 1,36 F

Hnh 7.23
b)
c)
a)
ZCT ZCT
ZCT
ZC
ZC ZC
30 mH
30 mH 30 mH 60 mH
4,22nF
6mH 41,5nF
83nF 3mH
6mH
6mH
41,5nF 41,5nF
8,44
nF
8,44
nF
8,44
nF

207

e) Tng tr c tnh cc tn s 9 Khz , 11,111 Khz

962
22 0 1
850
750 22 0 1 850
22 0 4691 0
111 11 9
111 11 9
2
111 11
2
9
2
,
Z Z
, Z Z
. , , F F
Khz ,
C
Khz
C
Khz ,
CT
Khz
CT
Khz , Khz

7.17.

Khz , f ; Khz , f ; Khz , f
; s / rad ; s / rad ; s / rad ; R
C C
C C
08 11 531 6 507 8
618 69 041 41 451 53 1000
2 1 0
2 1 0 0

7.18.

. nF F .
,
R
L
C
nF nF , F . ,
, ) . . ( L ) f . . (
C
mH mH , H ,
. , .
L
;
L
R
Khz , , , F ;
C
L
C
L
R
;
C L C L
Khz , . , f . f f ) a
C C
80 10 80
10
07977 0
5 96 4 10 96 4
07977 0 2 10 8
1
2
1
80 77 79 07977 0
10 99 3
1000
99 3 25 6 24 10
2
1
2
1
8 24 10 25 6
9
6 2
0
1
2
9
2 3
1
2
0
1
3
1
1
0
1
2
2
1
0
2 2 1 1
2 1 0

mH mH , H . ,
. . ) f ( C ) f ( C ) f (
L 5 95 4 10 947 4
10 80 2
1
2
1
2
1
3
9 2
0 2
2
0 2
2
0
2

b) S hnh 7.25
rad b
rad , , sin arc
,
,
,
sin arc b
rad , , sin arc
,
sin arc b
; rad b
Khz f
C
Khz , f
C
Khz f
C
Khz f
C
20
0
111 11
0
9
5
56 9766 0 4691 0 2
45 0
111 11
10
10
111 11
2
56 9766 0 4691 0 2
45 0
9
10
10
9
2

Hnh 7.24
f [Khz]
10
8
12,5
5
20
bc
9
11,111
[rad]
0,9766
-0,9766
_

208

Hnh 7.25
b)
a)
ZCT ZCT
ZCT
ZC
ZC
ZC
10 nF
40 mH
10 mH
40 nF
10 nF 10 nF
40 mH 40 mH
5 mH
80 nF
10 mH
10 mH
40 nF
40 nF
5 nF
80 mH
c)

c) c tnh bin tn s v c tnh pha tn s : hnh 7.26.
d)H s suy gim c tnh cc tn s 7, 5 Khz v 8,533 Kz.

nepe ,
,
ch arc a a
, F F
Khz ,
c
Khz ,
c
Khz , Khz ,
053 4
259 0
1
2
259 0
533 8 5 7
533 8 5 7

e) H s pha c tnh cc tn s 4 Kz , 7,5 Khz , 8,533 Khz v 16 Khz.

0
4
16 533 8
533 8 5 7
0
4
16 4
94 38
3
1
2
1
2
6979 0
6979 0
94 38
3
1
2
1
2
3
8
99 3
16
8
8
16
3
498 0
5 1
8
99 3
4
8
8
4
, sin arc
F
sin arc b
b ; rad , b
; b ; b
rad ,
, sin arc
F
sin arc b
,
F ;
,
,
,
F
Khz
c
Khz
c
Khz ,
c
Khz ,
c
Khz ,
c
Khz
c
Khz Khz

7.19. a) u tin tnh cho lc loi K t- ng ng s
- c H , L ; F , C 32 0 32 0
1 2
. Chuyn sang lc loi m theo cng thc (7.31)
c :
H , L ; F , C ; H , L
m m m
12 0 16 0 16 0
2 2 1

b) S hnh T trnh by trn hnh 7.27

c) Tnh theo cng thc (7.36) ng vi mu s bng 0
- c 7255rad- chnh l tn s cng h- ng ca
nhnh dc ;f 1155 Hz
Hnh 7..26
a
C1
C2
0
a
C1
C2
0
_

Hnh 7.27
ZCT
ZCT
0,08 H 0,08 H
0,12 H
0,16 F

209
d)
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
4
2
m
f
f
m
ch arc
m
Z
Z
m
ch arc a
C
C

nepe ,
,
,
ch arc a
nepe ,
,
,
ch arc a
Hz
C
Hz
C
97 4
5 0 1
1160
1000
5 0
2
397 2
5 0 1
1100
1000
5 0
2
2
2 1160
2
2 1100

7.21. a) 40
10 1000 100
4 4
6
. .
RC
C
rad/s
b)
2
2
4
1
2 8
RC RC ) RC (
sh arc a
C

7.22.
a) Lc thng di (hnh 7.28): gm na t thng thp mc lin thng vi na t
thng cao.
b) Na t th hai l thng cao c 2C
2
=400 F;
C
2
=200 F;2R
2
=50 ;R
2
=25 ;tn s ct th nht:
s / rad
. . .
C R .
C
50
10 200 25 4
1
4
1
6
2 2
1

Na t th nht l thng thp c
2
1
C
= 200 F ;
C
1
= 400 F; ; , R ; ,
R
5 12 25 6
2
1

Tn s ct th hai s / rad
. . , .
C R
C
200
10 400 5 12 4
4
4
4
6
1 1
2

c) Tnh a
C1
ca t lc th nht theo cng thc (7.40). Tnh a
C2
ca t lc th hai
theo cng thc (7.43).Tnh a
C
=a
C1
+a
C2
,kt qu cho v bng 7.3.
Bng 7.3
rad/s
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
a
C1
nepe
a
C2
nepe
a
C
nepe

Ht ch-ng 7
Hnh 7.28
400
200
F
F
6,25
50
2
1
R
2
2
C
2R2
2C2

210
Chng 8
Phn tch mch in t tuyn tnh

tm tt l thuyt
Cc mch in phc tp c cc dng c in t chn khng , cc dng c
bn dn lm vic ch tuyn tnh th c th phn tch thng qua s tng
ng ng ca n .Tuy nhin khng cn xy dng s tng ng vn c
th phn tch tm cc c trng ca mch nh h s truyn(khuch i),tng
tr u vo,tng tr u ra,h s hi tip dng biu din phc hoc dng ton
t Laplas .Mun vy cn xy dng cc ma trn c trng cho mch trn c s hai
phng php c b n l phng php dng mch
vng v phng php in th nt.
Ma trn tng dn v phng php in th
nt.
Mt mch in c nhiu nt (ln hn hai
nt) gi l mng nhiu cc.Quy nh mch c n nt
th t tn cc nt t 1 n n . Chn 1 nt l nt
gc c in th 0 . Nt gc c th chn l 1 trong
cc nt trong mch (1 n),hoc 1 nt ngoi mch
nh hnh 8.1.Lc c h phng trnh in th
nt ca mch :
) . (
U Y ... U Y U Y U Y I
. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
n
nn
n
n n n
n
n
n
n
n
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
1 8
3
3
2
2
1
1
2
3
23
2
22
1
21
2
1
3
13
2
12
1
11
1
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =

Hay
(
=
(
. .
U Y I
0
(8.1)
Ma trn tng dn ton phn ca mch :
| |
(
(
(
(
(
=
nn n n n
n
n
Y ... Y Y Y
.. .......... .......... ..........
Y ... Y Y Y
Y ... Y Y Y
Y
3 2 1
2 23 22 21
1 13 12 11
0
(8.2)

Ma trn tng dn ton phn ca mch c cc tnh cht :
-Tng theo mt ct bng 0
-Tng theo mt hng bng 0
Hnh 8.1

211
-Nu mch l thun nghch (tng h) th ma trn i xng qua ng
cho chnh.
Nu b i mt hng v mt ct s cc ma trn tng dn rt gn gm
N=n-1 hng v N ct:
| |
(
(
(
(
(
=
NN N N N
N
N
Y ... Y Y Y
.. .......... .......... ..........
Y ... Y Y Y
Y ... Y Y Y
Y
3 2 1
2 23 22 21
1 13 12 11
(8.3)
Trong Y
kl
l tng dn phc ca nhnh mc gia nt k v nt l ,mang
du nu k l ,du + nu k=l .
Nh vy,nu bit ma trn tng dn rt gn ca mch c th suy ra c
ma trn tng dn ton phn ca n.
Thnh lp ma trn [Y
0
] ca mng nhiu cc:
-Vi mng nhiu cc thun nghch , sau khi t tn cc nt v chn 1 nt
l gc ri ,th lp ma trn (8.3) rt n gin : in cc Y
kl
v Y
kk
v ng v tr
ca n.
- Vi mch bin i tng ng cc phn t
tch cc v dng cc thng s th ng l ngun ph
thuc th ngun ph thuc phi c bin i v dng
ngun dng ph thuc vo in p nh hnh 8.2.
hnh ny in p iu khin l in p nt p v nt q ,
ngun dng ph thuc hng t nt m sang nt l ,
l tham s iu khin .Ma trn c dng:

| |
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
+
+ =
NN Nq Np N N N
N mq mp m m m
N q p
N p
N q p
Y ... Y Y Y Y Y
Y ... ) Y .....( ) Y ( ... Y Y Y
.... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Y ... ) Y ( )... Y ( ... Y Y Y
.. .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Y ... Y . .......... .......... Y ... Y Y Y
Y ... Y . .......... .......... Y ... Y Y Y
Y
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
2 2 2 23 22 21
1 1 1 13 12 11
l
l l l l l l
(8.4)
Quy tc lp ma trn nh sau:
-u tin lp ma trn ,khng quan tm n ngun ph thc.
-Sau in vo cc ct ca cc ct p v q vi cc hng l v m tham s
iu khin .Du ca l + nu chiu ca ngun ph thuc v in p iu
khin cng hng vo hoc ri khi cc nt c tn trong ct , du - trong
trng hp ngc li.
Nu mng nhiu cc c th phn thnh cc mng nhiu cc con th lp
ma trn c th tin hnh nh sau:
.
Hnh 8.1
.
p
q
l
m

212
-nh s cc nt ca mch tu .
-u tin ngt cc mng nhiu cc con v lp ma trn cho mch khng
cha cc mng nhiu cc con ny .
-Sau b xung tham s ca cc mng nhiu cc con vo cc ct ca
cc hng v ct ng vi tn cc nt ca mng nhiu cc con.
Mt s mng nhiu cc con thng dng c tham s Y cho trong bng
8.1.
Bng 8.1.
TT Loi mng
nhiu cc con
S Ma trn tng dn ton phn
1 Mng hai cc
th ng

1
2
Y

Y
Y -Y
-Y
1 2
1
2

2 Bin p

1 2
3
Z1 Z2
* *
ZM

Z2
Z1 -ZM
-ZM
1 2 3
1
2
3
ZM-Z2
ZM-Z2
ZM-Z1
ZM-Z1
Z1+Z2
-2ZM

3 3 tng tr
mc sao

1
2
3
Za Zc
Zb
Zab
Zbc
Zac

Zb+Zc-
2Zbc
Za+Zc
-Zca
-Zc-Zab
+Zbc+Zca
-Zc+Zab
+Zbc+Zca
1 2 3
1
2
3
-Zb+Zab
+Zbc-Zca
-Zb+Zab
+Zbc-Zca
Za+Zab
-Zbc+Zca
-Za+Zab
-Zbc+Zca
Za+Zb
-2Zab
Z ( Z

4 Tranzisto

1
2
3

Y11
Y22 Y21
Y12
1 2 3
1
2
3 -(Y11+Y21)
-(Y11+Y12)
-(Y12+Y22)
-(Y21+Y12)
-(Y11+Y12+
Y21+Y22)

Cc tham s Y xc nh t s
tng ca tranzisto.
Khi quy mng nhiu cc v mng
bn cc vi u vo v u ra c im
chung (hnh 8.3) th cc tham s cng tc
xc nh theo bng 8.2

Bng 8.2
TT Tham s K hiu Cng thc tnh
Hnh 8.3
Zn
Zt
a
b

213

1

1

HTP
theo
in p
Tng qut
a
b
.
.
.
U
U
K =
bb , aa aa t
ab t
Z
Z
+

H ti
=
=
t
a
b
Z
U
U
K
.
.
.

aa
ab

2

HTP
theo
dng
in

Tng qut
=
=
t
a
b
Z
I
I
K
.
.
.

bb t
ab
Z +

Chp ti
0 =
=
t
a
b
Z
I
I
K
.
.
.

bb
ab

3

Tng
tr u
vo

Tng qut
a
a
v
.
.
I
U
Z =
bb t
bb , aa aa t
Z
Z
+
+

H ti
=
=
t
a
a
v
Z
I
U
Z
.
.

aa

Chp ti
0 =
=
t
a
a
v
Z
I
U
Z
.
.

bb
bb , aa

4

Tng tr u ra
b
b
r
.
.
I
U
Z =

aa n
bb , aa bb n
Z
Z
+
+

5

Tng tr truyn t
thun
a
b
.
.
I
U
Z =
21

bb t
ab t
Z
Z
+

6

Tng dn truyn t
thun
a
b
.
.
U
I
Y =
21

bb , aa aa t
ab
Z +

7
Bin i
v ngun
tng
ng
Ngun
s
tng
ng

=
t
Z
.
E0

aa n
ab
Z
. E
.
+

214
theo The-
veneen-
Norton

Tng tr
tng
ng
0
0
= E
Z

aa n
bb , aa bb n
Z
Z
+
+

Khi quy mng nhiu cc v mng bn cc vi u vo v u ra khng c
im chung (hnh 8.4) th s c:

) c b )( c b ( t
) c b ( a t
V
) c b )( c b ( t
) c b ( a
I
) c b )( c b ( aa t
) c b ( a t
Z
Z
I
U
Z
Z
I
I
K
Z
Z
U
U
K
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+ +
+
+ +
+
+ +
+
+

= =
+

= =
+

= =
1
1
1
2
1
2

Trong : - nh thc lp t ma trn Y

a(b+c)
- lp t bng cch :loi b hng a, em ct b nhp(cng) vo
ct c(b ct b), nhn vi (-1)
a+b

(b+c) (b+c)
- lp t bng cch : em hng b nhp(cng) vo hng c(b
hng b) ; em ct b nhp(cng) vo ct c(b ct b)

aa(b+c) (b+c)
- lp t bng cch : b hng a v ct a;em hng b
nhp(cng) vo hng c(b hng b) v em ct b nhp(cng) vo ct c(b ct b)
Ma trn tng tr v phng php dng in mch vng .
xc nh ma trn tng tr ca mng nhiu cc cn chn cc dng in
mch vng khp qua cc cc(ngoi )ca mng nhiu cc.Khi vi mch c N
vngc lp s c h phng trnh ma trn trng tr:
) . (
I Z ... I Z I Z I Z E
. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
VN
NN
V
N
V
N
V
N
N
VN
N
V V V
VN
N
V V V
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
5 8
3
3
2
2
1
1
2
3
23
2
22
1
21
2
1
3
13
2
12
1
11
1
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =

Hay | |
(
=
(
. .
I Z E (8.5)
Ma trn tng tr rt gn ca mch :
| |
(
(
(
(
(
=
NN N N N
N
N
Z ... Z Z Z
.. .......... .......... ..........
Z ... Z Z Z
Z . .. Z Z Z
Z
3 2 1
2 23 22 21
1 13 12 11
(8.5)
Hnh 8.4
Zn
Zt
a b
c

215
Trong :
Z
kl
(k v l)l tng tr phc ca nhnh chung gia vng k v vng l ,
- mang du nu hai dng mch vng qua n ngc chiu nhau.
- du + nu hai dng mch vng qua n cng chiu
Z
kk
l tng tr phc ca cc nhnh thuc vng k , du +
k
.
E l tng cc s thuc vng k:
- du + nu s cng chiu mch vng.
- du - nu s ngc chiu mch vng.
Vi mng nhiu cc c cha cc mng 3 cc con c th lp ma trn tng
tr nh sau:
Bc 1: Lp ma trn tng tr b qua cc mng 3 cc con.
Bc2: vi mng 3 cc con c cc dng qua cc vng th p,q,r ca
mch ngoi th thm vo cc ct ca cc hng p,q,r vi cc ct p,q,r cc tham
s tng tr tng ng ca mng 3 cc con.
Ma trn tng tr ca cc mng 3 cc con thng dng cho bng 8.3
Bng 8.3
TT Loi mng
nhiu cc con
S Ma trn tng tr ton phn
1 Mng hai cc
th ng

1 2
Z

z
Z -Z
-Z
1 2
1
2

2 Bin p

1
2
3 Z1 Z2
* *
ZM

Z1
Z1+Z2-
2ZM
ZM-Z1
ZM-Z1
1 2 3
1
2
3
-ZM
-ZM
ZM-Z2
ZM-Z2
Z2

3 3 tng tr
mc sao

1
2
3
Za
Zb
Zc
Zab
Zbc
Zca

1 2 3
1
2
3
Za+Zc-
2Zca
Za+Zb
-2Zab
-Za+Zab
-Zbc+Zca
-Za+Zab
-Zbc+Zca
-Zc-Zab
+Zbc+Zca
-Zc-Zab
+Zbc+Zca
-Zb+Zab
+Zbc -Zca
-Zb+Zab
+Zbc-Zca
Zb+Zc
-2Zbc

216
4 Tranzisto

1
2
3

re+rb
re+rc-rm rm-re
-re
1 2 3
1
2
3 -(rb+rm)
-rb
rm-rc
-rc
rc+rc

Cc r trong bng c trng cho
tranzisto.

Xc nh cc i lng v tham s theo ma trn tng tr:
T hnh 8.5 c :

aa bb , aa t
bb t
V
bb t
aa bb , aa t
Z
Z
I
U
Z
U
Z
Z
I
.
.
. .
+
+
= =
+
+
=
1
1
1 1

bb t
V Vng
bb , aa
bb
t
V Vh
Z
Z Z ;
Z
Z Z
=
=
=
=
=
=
0

+
= =
=
+

= =
=
=
=
+

= =
bb t
ab
bb
ab
h
bb t
ab t
aa
ab
t
i ing
aa bb , aa t
ab
i
Z
U
I
Y
; K ;
Z
Z
U
U
K
Z
K K ;
Z
I
I
K
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
21
1
2
1
2
0

bi tp
8.1.Lp ma trn tng dn ton phn cho cc mch in trn hnh 8.6.
Hnh 8.5
Zn
Zt
a
b
c

217
1 2
4 3
Z
Z
Z
Z
1
2
3
4
Hnh 8.6
a)
1 2
4 3
Z
Z
Z
Z
1
2
3
4
b)
Z
Z
5
6
L
C C
R
R
R
2
1
3
2
1
3
C
c)
1
2
3
4
4 C

8.2.Vi mch in hnh 8.6b,c chn nt 4
l nt gc,hy lp ma trn tng dn rt gn
ca mch.
8.3. Mch in hnh 8.7.c :
u
V
(t)=20 sin (1,25.10
6
t +120
0
) [V]
L=100 H ,M=50 H , C=10 nF , R
0
=2 K
, R=1K. Hy p d ng l thuyt mng
nhiu cc tm in p ra u
r
(t).
a) Hy lp ma trn tng dn rt gn cho mch.
b) Tm hm truyn theo in p vi 1- 4 l u vo , 2-4 l u ra .

8.5. Hy lp ma trn tng dn rt gn cho mch c s trn hnh 8.9.

8.6.Trong mch in hnh 8.10 a) cho ma trn tng dn ton phn ca tranzisto:

B C E

* *
R0
C
R
L
L
C
R uV(t)
M
Ur (t)
Hnh8.7.

1
2
4
3
R
C
C
1
2
3
1
Hnh 8.9
L
C
R
R
R
1
2
2
1
3
C
1
2
3
C
R
R
3
2
UR1
Hnh 8.8
mI1
I1

Y
11
Y
12
-( Y
11
+Y
12
)
Y
21
Y
22
-( Y
21
+Y
22
)
-( Y
11
+Y
21
) -( Y
12
+Y
22
) Y
11
+Y
12
+ Y
21
+Y
22

B
C
E
218

a)Hy lp ma trn tng dn rt gn ca mch ny.
b)Tnh
11
v
12

c)Tm biu thc gn ng ca h s khuch i in p khi Y
22
<< G
3
,
Y
11
>> G
1
v G
2
, Y
12
0

8.7. Trong mch in hnh 8.10 b)cho ma trn ca tranzisto nh trong BT8.6
a)Hy lp ma trn tng dn rt gn ca mch ny.
b)Tnh
11
v
12

c) Tm biu thc gn ng ca h s khuch i in p khi Y
12
0

8.8. Cho mch in hnh 8.11.v bit ma
trn ca tranzisto nh BT 8.6
a) Hy l p ma trn tng dn ton
phn ca mch
b) Tm h s khuch i in
p(u vo l nt 1,ug ra l nt 3).

8.9. Xc nh h s khuch i in p
tn s =10
4
rad/s ca mch khuch i
c s rt gn hnh 8 .12 bi t:
R
1
=0,5K , R
2
= 1 K ;L
1
= 0,4 H ,
L
2
= 0,2 H , M= 0,2 H , tham s Y ca
tranzisto l Y
11
= 10
-3
1
;Y
12
0 ,
Y
21
=0,025
1
; Y
22
=0,5.10
-3

1

* *
1
2
3
C
R
R
R
1
3
2
1
2
3
R
a) b)
Hnh 8.10
M
L1 L2
C
R1
2

R
R R
1
3 2
C
Hnh 8.11
1
2 3
4

R
1
Hnh 8.12
1
2 3
* *
M
L2 L1
R
2

219
8.10. Hy lp ma trn tng dn rt gn ri tm biu thc h s khuch i in p
ca mch khuch i cact hnh 8.13 khi bit ma trn ca cc tranzisto T
1
v T
2

tng ng l [Y] v [Y].

8.11. Hy lp ma trn tng dn rt
gn ri tm biu thc h s khuch
i in p ca mch khuch i
mc Darlington hnh 8.14 khi bit
ma trn ca cc tranzisto T
1
v T
2

tng ng l [Y] v [Y].

8.12. Hy lp ma trn tng dn rt
gn ca mch khuch i hnh
8.15.khi bit ma trn ca c 2
tranzisto l nh nhau .

8.13 Cho mch khuch i mc
Emit chung c s rt gn hnh
8.16.
a)Lp ma trn tng dn rt
gn ca mch.
b)Tm bi u thc h s
khuch i in p khi c b qua cc tham s Y
11
,Y
12
v Y
22
ca tranzisto.
8.14. Cho mch khuch i hnh 8.17 cng tc min tn s m tr khng ca
cc in dung C coi xp x bng 0.
a)Hy xy dng s rt gn ca mch theo tn s cng tc.
b)T s rt gn hy lp ma trn tng dn rt gn ca mch coi cc
tranzisto T
1
v T
2
c thng s nh nhau.
R
R
R
1
3
2
Hnh 8.13
1
2 3
4

R
R
Y
1
2
Hnh 8.14
1
2
3

1
2
3
0
R
R
R
3
5
Hnh 8.15
4
4
1
5
6
R R
R
2
6
3
C
C
C 3
1
2

R
R
R
1
4
2
C
Hnh 8.16
1
2
3
4
Uvo
Ura
*
*
3
5
R
R
M
L
L
1 2

220

8.15. Hy tm biu thc h s khuch i in p khi bit ma trn tng dn ton
phn ca mng 4 cc cho trong hnh 8.18 vi gi thit khuch i thut ton l l
tng.
8.16.Tm biu thc h s khuch i in p khi bit ma trn tng dn ton phn
ca mng 5 cc cho trong hnh 8.19 vi gi thit khuch i thut ton l l
tng.
8.17.Vi gi thit khuch i thut ton l l tng v bit ma trn tng dn ton
phn ca mng 3 cc u vo l [Y
0
]
A
, ca mng 3 cc hi tip l [Y
0
]
B
; hy
tm biu thc h s khuch i in p ca mch cho trong hnh 8.20.

R
1
Hnh 8.17
1
2
3
*
*
M
L2 L1
R
6
4
R
R
R
R
R
+ E -
C
2
3
4
5
R
Y
C
C
C
7
8
T
T
1
2

Hnh 8.18
1
U
U
vo
ra
1
2
3
4
2
3
[Y0]M4C=
Y12 Y13 Y14 Y11
Y22 Y23 Y24 Y21
Y32 Y33 Y34 Y31
Y42 Y43 Y44 Y41

Hnh 8.19
1
U
U
vo
ra
1
2
3
4
2
3
[Y0]M5C=
Y12 Y13 Y14 Y11
Y22 Y23 Y24 Y21
Y32 Y33 Y34 Y31
Y42 Y43 Y44 Y41
Y15
Y25
Y35
Y45
Y52 Y53 Y54 Y51 Y55
5
4

221
8.18.Tm biu thc h s khuch i in p khi bit ma tr n tng dn ca 2
mng 4 cc cho trong hnh 8.21 l [Y
0
]
A
v [Y
0
]
B
, vi gi thit khuch i thut
ton l l tng.

8.19.Tm biu thc h s khuch i in p ca mch in hnh 8.22, vi gi
thit khuch i thut ton l l tng v bit ma trn tng dn ca 4 mng 3 cc
l [Y
0
]
A
, [Y
0
]
B
, [Y
0
]
C
v [Y
0
]
D
.
a) Tm biu thc h s khuch i in p v tng tr u vo ca mch.
b) Tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc trn ti tn s =1000 rad/s bit C=1 nF ,
R
1
=50 K , R
2
=1 M.

8.21. Xc nh h s khuch i in p ca mch in hnh 8.24 ti tn s
f=500 Hz ,bit R
1
= 80 K , R
2
= 640 K , C
1
=5 nF , C
2
= 0,625 nF.

8.22. Xc nh h s khuch i in p ca mch in hnh 8.25 ti tn s l
=1000 rad/s ,bit R
1
= 50 K , R
2
= 800 K , C
1
=10 nF , C
2
= 2 nF.
8.23.Cho mch trn hnh 8.26.
Hnh 8.20
1
U
U
vo
ra
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
[Y0]A
[Y0]B
1
3
4
A
Ura
2
2
1
3
2
A
4
1
U
vo
3
4
1
2
3
A
U
ra
2
1
2 C
3
1
U
vo
3
4
1
2
3
B
1
2 D
3
Hnh 8.21 Hnh 8.22

Hnh 8.25
1
U
U
vo
ra
2
3
4
R
R
R
C
1
3
2
Hnh 8.23
1
U
U
vo
ra
2
3
4
C
R
R
C
1
3
2
R
2
1
1
U
U
vo
2
3
4
R
R
C
1
3
Hnh 8.24
C
1
2
2
R
ra

222
a) Chng mnh rng hm truyn ton t theo in p K(p)=
) p ( U
) p ( U
vo
ra
ca
mch xc nh theo cng thc :

2 2 1
2
1 2 1 1
0
1 1
1
R R C C p
1
]
C R
K - 1
C R R C
1
[
p
K
) p ( K
1 2
0
1
+ + + +
=
(Trong K
0
l hng s)
b) Chn R
1
=R
2
=R; C
1
=C
2
=C lc bi u thc c dng th no khi chn
K
0
=3?
c) Chn R
1
=R
2
=R=4 k , ; C
1
=C
2
= C=1 F, K
0
=1 ,hy xy dng c tnh
bin tn s ca mch: ] Nepe [
) j ( K
ln ) ( a
=
1

Kt qu tnh in vo bng 8.4.
Bng 8.4
rad/s 0 5 10 50 100 200
a()Nepe
a) T kt qu va tnh,v th ca c tnh v kt lun v loi mch lc?
8.24.Cho mch trn hnh 8.27.
a)Chng mnh rng hm truyn ton t theo in p K(p)=
) p ( U
) p ( U
vo
ra
ca
mch xc nh theo cng thc :

3 2 2 1
2
1
1
3 2
3 2
1
3
1 R R C C p pC )
R
R R
R R (
R
R
) p ( K
+ + + +
=
b) Chn R
1
=R
2
=R
3
= R=1 K ;C
1
=C
2
=C=10 F ,hy xy dng c tnh bin
tn s ca mch ] Nepe [
) j ( K
ln ) ( a
=
1

Hnh 8.26
1
U
U
vo
ra
2
3
5
R
C
R
1
3
2
R
3
C
2
(K0-1)
4
R
1
Hnh 8.27
1
U
U
vo
ra
2
3
R C
R
1
3
2
C
2
4 R
1

223
Kt qu tnh in vo bng 8.5
Bng 8.5
rad/s
50 200 500 1000 2000 4000 10 000

a()
nep

d) T kt qu va tnh,v th ca c tnh v kt lun y l mch lc loi
no?

8.25. Cho mch khuch i mc
Emit chung c s rt gn hnh
8.28.
a)Lp ma trn tng dn rt gn
ca mch.
b)Tm biu thc h s khuch
i in p khi c b qua cc thng
s Y
11
,Y
12
v Y
22
ca tranzisto.

8.26.Trn hnh 8.29.l mch khuch
i vi sai dng khuch i tn hiu
bin thin chm.
a) Hy v s rt gn ca mch
trong ch cng tc khi coi Z
CL
0.
b) Lp ma trn tng dn rt gn cho
mch nu coi s l i xng hon
ton.
c) Tm h s khuch i ca mch
trong ch u vo khng i
xng ,u ra khng i xng (Tc
c 1 tn hiu vo a vo mt trong
hai u vo-v d u vo nt 1,u vo th hai u xng t -v d nt 5,tn
hiu ra ly 1 collet so vi t-v d ly cc C ca T
1
, cc C th 2 b chng-
tc khng mc R
t
).
d)Tm biu thc ca tn hiu ra ly trn R
t
khi c tn hiu u
V1
v u
V2
a ti c
hai u vo nt1 v nt 5.

Bi gii -p s ch dn
8.1. Hnh 8.6a)
R
R
R
1
3
2
C
Hnh 8.28
1
2
3 4
Uvo
Ura

R
R
R
B2
C
t
Hnh 8.29
1
2
3
4
Uv1
R
R
R
B
C
E
5
Uv2
T T
1 2
B1
R
R
B1
B2
+
CL
E _

[Y
0
]=
224
Hnh 8.6b)
Hnh 8.6c chnh l 8.6a) v i Y
1
=G
1
+jC
1
;Y
2
=G
2
+j(C
2
-
L
1
);Y
3
=G
3
+jC
3
;
Y
4
=jC
4

8.3.
Mch in hnh 8.30
Ma trn tng dn rt gn khi
cha tnh n mng ba cc con l bin
p:

Ma trn tng dn rt gn khi c bin p:
1 2 3
1 G
0
-G
0

2
G+Y
C
+
Z
Z
L
-
Z
Z
M

3 - G
0

-
Z
Z
M
G
0
+G+Y
C
+
Z
Z
L

Tnh ton cc thng s mch:

3 8 6
6 6
5 6
2 1
10 5 12 10 10 25 1
5 62 10 50 10 25 1
125 10 100 10 25 1

= = =
= = =
= = = =
. , j . . , j C j Y
, j . . . , . j M j Z
j . . . , . j L j Z Z
C
M

G
0
=0,5.10
-3
; G=10
-3
Cc thng s ca bin p:
1 2 3 4
1 Y
1
+Y
2
-Y
2
-Y
1

2 -Y
2
Y
2
+Y
3
-Y
3

3 -Y
3
Y
3
+Y
4
-Y
4

4 -Y
1
-Y
4
Y
1
+Y
4

[Y
0
]=
1 2 3 4
1 Y
1
+Y
2
+Y
5
-Y
2
- Y
5
-Y
1

2 -Y
2
Y
2
+Y
3
+Y
6
-Y
3
-Y
6

3 -Y
5
-Y
3
Y
3
+Y
4
+Y
5
-Y
4

4 -Y
1
- Y
6
-Y
4
Y
1
+Y
4
+ Y
6

* *
R0
C
R
L
L
C
R uV(t)
M
Ur (t)
1
3
2
0
Hnh 8.30

1 2 3
1 G
0
-G
0

2 G+Y
C

3 -G
0
G
0
+G+Y
C

225

3
3 1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 1
10 33 5
375
2
75 718 11
5 62
10 66 10
375
4
75 718 11
125
75 718 11 5 62 125 5 62 125
= =
=
= =
= =
= = = =
. , j j
,
, j
Z
Z
. , j j
,
j
Z
Z
Z
Z
, ) , ( ) j ( ) , j ( ) j ( Z Z Z Z
M
M

Ma trn ca mng 3 cc bin p:

T thay s vo ma trn tng dn rt gn khi c bin p ,s c ma
trn :
1 2 3
1 0,5.10
-3
-0,5.10
-3

2 (1+j1,84) 10
-3
j5,33.10
-3

3 -0,5.10
-3
j5,33.10
-3
(1,5+j1,84). 10
-3

T tnh
11
v
12
c hm truyn:
11
=(1+j1,84) 10
-3
(1,5+j1,84) 10
-3
-( j5,33.10
-3
)
2
=10
-6
(1,5+j1,84+j2,76-
3,3856+28,4089)=10
-6
(26,5233+j4,6)
12
=-10
-6
[0,5.j5,33]=-j2,665.10
-6

. V e , e . e , U
e
U
U
U
e , e ,
26,9192e
2,665e
j4,6) (26,5233 . 10
j2,665.10 -
) j ( T
j j j
m r
j
m rt
m V
m r
j , j
j9,84
j90 -
6 -
-
.
.
.
.
0
0
0 0 0
0
0 0
20 120 100
120
100 84 99
6
11
12
98 1 20 099 0
20
099 0 09899 0
= =
= =
= =
+
=

u
r
(t)=1,98 sin(1,25.10
6
t+20
0
) [V]
8.4. a) y l mch cha ngun ngun dng in ph thuc vo in p
U
R1
=U
1
-U
3
nn
c :
[Y]=

b)
) C C ( j G
C j
) C C ( j G
C j
U
U
) j ( T
vo
ra
.
.
3 2 3
2
3 2 3
2
+ +

=
+ +

= =
8.5. Ch dn:Mch c ngun in p ph thuc vo dng in , nn bin i v
ngun dng ph thuc vo dng in p nh trn hnh 9.31.
Z2
Z1 -ZM
-ZM
3 2
3
2
=
3
2
-j10,66.10
3 2
-3
-j10,66.10
-3
j5,33.10
-3
j5,33.10
-3

1 2 3
1 G
1
+j(C
1
+C
2
) -jC
2
-( G
1
+jC
1
)
2 -jC
2
+ G
3
+j(C
2
+C
3
) -
3 -( G
1
+jC
1
) G
1
+G
2
+jC
1

226

1
13
1
1
13
1
1
R
U
m mI ;
R
U
R
U
I
v
= = =
Ngun dng ph thuc c tr s
3 1
13
R R
U
m I
td
=

T lp ma trn tng t nh lm BT 8.4

8.6. Hnh 8.32
K hiu G
i
=1/R
i

Khng tnh n tranzisto:
1 2 3
1 G
1
-G
1

2 G
3
+jC -jC
3 -G
1
-jC G
1
+G
2
+jC
Thm ma trn ca tranzisto:
1 2 3
1 G
1
-G
1

2 G
3
+jC+Y
22
-jC+ Y
21

3 -G
1
-jC+ Y
12
G
1
+G
2
+jC+ Y
11

11
=

=( G
3
+jC+Y
22
)( G
1
+G
2
+jC+ Y
11
) - ( Y
21
-jC) ( Y
12
-jC)
( G
3
+jC)( jC+ Y
11
) + ( Y
21
-jC)jC

12
= -1x

= - G
1
(Y
21
-jC)

) Y Y G ( C j Y G
) C j Y ( G
) C j Y ( C j ) C j Y )( C j G (
) C j Y ( G
U
U
K
v
ra
21 11 3 11 3
21 1
21 11 3
21 1
+ + +

=
+ + +

=

8.7.Mch hnh 8.33
Hnh 8.31
L
C
R
R
R
1
2
2
1
3
C
1
2
3
Itd

1
2
3
C
R
R
R
1
3
2
Hnh 8.32

G
3
+jC+Y
22
-jC+ Y
21

-jC+ Y
12
G
1
+G
2
+jC+ Y
11

-jC+ Y
21

-G
1
G
1
+G
2
+jC+ Y
11

227

M j Z , L j Z , L j Z ,
C j
R
Y Vi
Z
Z Y Z Y
Y Y
Z
Z Y Z Y
Y Y
Z Z
Z
Y
Z
Z
Y Y Y
Z
Z
Y
Z
Z
Y Y Y
Z
Z
Z
Z Z
Z
Z
Y
Z
Z
Y Y Y
Z
Z
Y
Z
Z
Y Y Y
K
M
M
M
M
M
= = =
+
=
+ +
+
+
=
+ + +
+
=
+ + +
+
=
2 2 1 1
2
2
1 22 2 2
22 2
21 2 2
22 2
1
22
2
2 22 2
21
2
2 22 2
2
2
2
2 1 1
22
2
2 22 2
21
2
2 22 2
1
1
1
1

8.8. Mch in hnh 8.34.
1 2 3 4
1 G
1
+Y
11
Y
12
-G
1
- Y
11
- Y
12

2 G
3
+jC -jC -G
3

3 Y
21
-jC G
2
+jC+ Y
22
-G
2
- Y
21
- Y
22

4 -G
1
- Y
11
-
21
-G
3
-G
2
- Y
12
- Y
22
G
1
+G
2
+G
3
+ Y
11
+ Y
12
+- Y
21
+
Y
22

8.9. G
1
= =
1
1
R
=2.10
-3
1/

; G
2
=
2
1
R
=10
-3

Z
1
=jL
1
=j 10
4
.0,4=j4.10
3
;Z
2
= jL
2
=j10
4
.0,2=j 2.10
3
;Z
M
= jM=j2.10
3

3
8 2
3
1 4
8 2
3
2
4
8 2
3
8 2 8 2 2
2 1
10
04 0 10
10 4
10 5
04 0 10
10 2
10 5
04 0 10
10 2
04 0 10 04 0 08 0 10

= = = = =
= =
= = =
j
, . . j
. j
Z
Z
;
Z
Z
. j
, . . j
. j
Z
Z
; . j
, . . j
. j
Z
Z
, . . j ) , , ( . j Z Z Z Z
M
M
M

R
R R
1
3 2
C
Hnh 8.34
1
2 3
4

* *
1
2
3
R
M
L1 L2
C
R1
2
Hnh 8.33

228

0
56 26
6
6
11
12
6 3 3
12
6 2 3 3 3
11
5 7
10 5 1 75 0
510 12
510 12 10 25 10 5 0
10 5 1 75 0 10 5 0 10 5 0 1 10 1
, j
e . ,
) , j , (
, j
K
, j . . . . j
) , j , ( ) . , j ( ) , j .( ) j (
=
= =
= =

8.10.
) " Y " Y )( " Y " Y ( ) " Y " Y " Y " Y ' Y G )( " Y G (
) " Y " Y ( ' Y
K
22 21 22 12 22 21 12 11 22 2 22 3
22 21 21
+ + + + + + + +
+
=

8.11.
) Y Y )( Y Y ( - ) Y Y' )( Y Y Y Y Y G (
) Y (Y Y' - ) Y Y(Y'
K
11 12 11 11 22 22 21 12 11 2
11 21 11 22
21
21
+ + + + + + + +
+ +
=

8.13. Ch dn:Mch in hnh 8.35
Vi bin p c r
A
v r
B
l in
tr tn hao, lp h phng trnh
dng mch vng ;gii h tm
U
A
,U
B
s nhn c ma trn Y ca
bin p c tn hao :
(
(
(
(

=
A M
M B
Z Z
Z Z
] Y [

2
M B A M B B B A A A
Z Z Z ; M j Z ; L j r Z ; L j r Z = = + = + =
T c p dng cho mch hnh 8.16 vi R
2
l ni tr cun s cp, R
3
l
ni tr cun th cp lp ma trn cho mch.

8.14. Ch dn:
1 2 3
1 G
1
+Y
11
Y
12

2 G
2
+ Z
1
/IZI -Z
M
/IZI
3 Y
21
-Z
M
/IZI Y
22
+Z
2
/IZI
[Y]=
1 2 3
1 2.10
-3
+10
-3

2 10
-3
-j 10
-3
-j5.10
-4

3 25.10
-3
-j5.10
-4
10.10
-4
-j5.10
-4

=
r
3
Hnh 8.35
B
UA
UB
*
*
2
r
M
IA IB
A
0

229
a) Mch hnh 8.14 rt gn hnh 8.36 c xy dng khi thay cc t bng cc dy dn
v 0
1
C
;trong R
12
=R
1
//R
2
,
R
345
=R
3
//R
4
//R
5
.
b) Mch cn li 4 nt, d dng lp
ma tr n tng dn rt gn cho
mch.
8.15. Mch hnh 8.37.
Cc 4 ca mng bn cc u
t nn ta c ma trn rt gn ca n l:
Mch ch c mng bn cc v khuch i thut
ton m khng c thm thng s no khc nn ma trn
rt gn ca ton s l ma trn trn v cc nt ca mch
c nh s trng vi tn cc nt ca mng bn cc. Theo tnh cht ca khuch
i thut ton b hng 2 v 2 l cc ra , ct 3 v cc khng o ca khuch i
thut ton u t.Kt qu ma trn rt gn gn ng ca mch ch l :
Y
11
Y
12
Y
31
Y
32

T :
11
=Y
32
;
12
= -Y
31
K=
32
31
11
12
Y
Y
=

8.16. Mch hnh 8.38. V cc 5 ca mng 5 cc u t nn trong ma trn
cho, b i hng 5 v ct 5,nhn c ma trn tng
dn rt gn ca n :

V cc nt ca mch nh s trng vi cc nt ca mng 5 cc nn ma trn
tng dn rt gn ca mch vn l ma trn trn. Theo tnh cht ca khuch i
thut ton b hng 2 , nhp ct 3 vo ct 4 s c ma trn rt gn gn ng ca
mch :

R
12
Hnh 8.36
1
2
3
* *
M
L2 L1
R
6
4
R
345
Y

Hnh 8.37
1
U
U
vo
ra
1
2
3
4
2
3

Y
11
Y
12
Y
13

Y
21
Y
22
Y
23

Y
31
Y
32
Y
33

Hnh 8.38
1
U
U
vo
ra
1
2
3
4
2
3
5
4

[Y]M5C=
Y12 Y13 Y14 Y11
Y22 Y23 Y24 Y21
Y32 Y33 Y34 Y31
Y42 Y43 Y44 Y41

[Y]=
Y12 Y13+Y14
Y32
Y42
1
2
3
1 2 3
Y11
Y31
Y41
Y33+Y34
Y43+Y44

230
T :

) Y Y ( Y ) Y Y ( Y
) Y Y ( Y ) Y Y ( Y
K
34 33 42 44 43 32
44 43 31 34 33 41
+ +
+ +
=
8.17. Mch hnh 8.39.

Ma trn ca mng 3 cc A l :

Ma trn ca mng 3
cc B l :

Ma trn ca mch :

Theo tnh cht ca khuch i thut ton b hng 2 , ct3

Vy
11
=Y
12B
,
12
= -Y
21A
, K=
B
A
Y
Y
12
21

8.18.
33B 32A 33A 32B
33A 31B 33B A
Y Y Y Y
Y Y - Y Y
K
=
31

8.19. Hnh 8.40

[Y]A=
Y12A
Y22A
Y11A
Y21A
1 3
1
3
[Y]B=
Y12B
Y22B
Y11B
Y21B
3 2
3
2
[Y]C=
Y12C
Y22C
Y11C
Y21C
1 4
1
4
[Y]D=
Y12D
Y22D
Y11D
Y21D
4 2
4
2

Y32
Y42
Y33+Y34
Y43+Y44
=Y32(Y43+Y44)-Y42(Y33+Y34)

Y31
Y41
Y33+Y34
Y43+Y44
=-Y31(Y43+Y44)+Y41(Y33+Y34)

[Y]A =
Y12A
Y22A
1
3
1 3
Y11A
Y21A

1
U
U
vo
ra
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
[Y0]A
[Y0]B
Hnh 8.39

[Y]B =
Y12B
Y22B
3
2
3 2
Y11B
Y21B

[Y]=
Y12A
Y22B
Y12B
1
2
3
1 2 3
Y11A
Y21A
Y21B
Y22A+Y11B

[Y]=
Y12B
Y11A
Y21A

1
2
3
A
U
ra
2
1
2 C
3
1
U
vo
3
4
1
2
3
B
1
2 D
3
Hnh 8.40

[Y]=
Y11A+Y11C Y12A+Y12C
Y12B
Y12D
Y21A
Y21C Y22C+Y11D
Y22A+Y11B

[Y]=
1
2
3
4
Y22B+Y22D
Y11A+Y11C
1 2
Y12C
Y21D Y21B
Y12A
3 4
Y12B
Y12D
Y21A
Y21C Y22C+Y11D
Y22A+Y11B

231

12
=-Y
21A
(Y
22C
+Y
11D
)+ Y
21C
(Y
22A
+Y
11B
)

11
=Y
12B
(Y
22C
+Y
11D
)- Y
12D
(Y
22A
+Y
11B
)

) Y (Y Y ) Y (Y Y
) Y (Y Y - ) Y (Y Y
K
B 22A 12D D 22C 12B
D 22C 21A B 22A 21C
11 11
11 11
+ +
+ +
=
8.20.
= = =
+
=

K R Z ; e
CR j
R
R
K
V
j
50
2
20
1
1
135
2
1
2
0

8.21. Mch in hnh 8.41.

G
1
=1,25.10
-5
,G
2
=0,15625.10
-5
,jC
1
=j 1,57.10
-5
, jC
2
j0,1963.10
-5

8
25 0
2
48 51
47 51
2 2
1 1
2 2 3
1 1 3
0
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
, j
, j
,
e
C j G (
C j G
) C j G ( G
) C j G ( G
K
8.22.

0
57 148
1 1
2 2
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
2 2
1
1 1
439 8
1
1
1 1 1 1
. j
e ,
R C j
R C j
C
C
Y
Y
K
Z
Y ;
Z
Y ;
C j
R Z ;
C j
R Z
=
+
+
= = =
= =
+ =
+ =

8.23.Hnh 8.42.
a) Ma trn tng dn rt gn gn ng ca mch:

T c :

2 2 1
2
1 2 1 1
0
1 1
1
R R C C p
1
]
C R
K - 1
C R R C
1
[
p
K
) p ( K
1 2
0
1
+ + + +
=
Hnh 8.41
1
U
U
vo
ra
2
3
4
C
R
R
C
1
3
2
R
2
1

[Y]=
1
2
3
4
G2+j C2
G1+j C1
1 2
-(G2+j C2)
-(G1+j C1)
3 4
-(G2+j C2) -(G1+j C1)
G3
G1+G2+j (C1+C2)
[Y]=
G1+j C1 -(G1+j C1)
-(G2+j C2) -(G1+j C1)
G3
G1+G2+j (C1+C2)

Hnh 8.42
1
U
U
vo
ra
2
3
5
R
C
R
1
3
2
R
3
C
2
(K0-1)
4
R
1

[Y]=
1
2
3
4
pC1
1 2
-pC1
3 4
-pC1 -pC2
G1+pC2 -pC2
G2+p(C1+C2)
-G4 G3+G4
-G2

232
b)
2 2 1
2
0
1
R R C C p
1
K
) p ( K
1
+
=
c)
( )
( )
CR
j
CR
1
) CR j (
CR j
2
) j ( K c j ng b p Thay
R R pC
1
pCR
) p ( K
+
=
+ +
=
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2 2
2

( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
] Nepe [ )] ( n ) ( m ln[ ]
. .
1
.
2
ln[
]
CR
1
CR
2
ln[
CR
1
CR
2
( ln
) j ( K
ln ) ( a
CR
1
CR
2
(
CR
CR
1
) j ( K
] nepe [
+ + =
+
=
+ =
+ =
+
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
1
2
1
10 16
10 4
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
6 4
3 2
4 2 4 2
4 2
2
2
2

rad/s
0 5 10 50 100 200
m()
20 5 0,2 0,05 0,0125
n()
100 6,25 0,01 6,25.10
-4
3,90625.10
-5

a()
nep

2,398 1,812 0,095 0,0247 0,00625
d)T c th c tnh tn s hnh 9.43. l mch lc tch cc RC
thng cao.

1
2
3
4
5
[rad/
s]
a[ epe]
50
100 150
200
Hnh 8.43

8.24.

12 4 6 2
10 10 7 1
1

+ +
=
. .
) j ( K
233
] Nepe [ ) . . ln( ) ( a
12 4 6 2
10 10 7 1
2
1

+ + =
rad/s
50 200 500 1000 2000 4000 10 000

m() 0,0175 0,28 1,75 7 28 112 700

n() 6,25.10
-
6

0,0016 0,008 1 16 256 10 000

a()
nep
0,0173 0,124 0,507 1,098 1,892 2,955 4,639

Mch lc tch cc RC thng thp.

8.25.

)] R R ( R Y R R R [ C j
R R ) Y C j (
K
2 1 3 21 3 2 1
3 1 21
1 + + + + +

=

8.26.Ch dn
a)S rt gn ca mch c
dng trn hnh 8.44,trong c
R
B
=R
B1
//R
B2

b)Vic lp ma trn cho mch
tin hnh bnh thng,coi 2
tranzisto c tham s nh nhau.
c) T ma trn lp c 5x5
hng ct,b i hng 5 v ct 5
ng vi cc B ca T
2
u t, ch lc ny trong ma trn c G
t
=1/R
t
=0.Nh
vy h s khuch i c tnh trong trng hp ny l mch vi u vo v u
ra c im t chung.
d)Trong trng hp ny c th p dng nguyn l xp chng(mch khuch i
tn hiu yu l vic trong ch tuyn tnh):
- Tm h s khuch i K
1
=
1
1
v
C
U
U
khi u
V1
tc ng,u
V2
=0, G
t
0; tm tng t nh
trn
-V mch i xng nn h s khuch i K
2
=
2
2
v
C
U
U
khi u
V2
tc ng,u
V1
=0 cng
bng K
1
,gi chung l K .
-Tnh u
Rt
=U
C1
-U
C2
=K(U
V1
-U
V2
)

Ht chng 8

G
1
+jC

-jC
Y
21
-jC G
3
+jC -G
3
-Y
21

-Y
21
-G
3
G
2
+G
3
+Y
21

R
R
R
B
C
t
Hnh 8.44
1
2
3
4
Uv1
R
R
R
B
C
E
5
Uv2
T T
1 2

233
Chng 9
Nguyn l bin i phi tuyn

tm tt l thuyt
Thng s phi tuyn l thng s c c tuyn c trng l mt hm khng
tuyn tnh (hm phi tuyn)- khng phi l mt hm bc nht.V d:
- c tuyn Von Ampe ca diot khi c phn cc thun.
- c tuyn Von-Ampe ca cun dy li thp lm vic trong ch bo
ho t*.
- Quan h gia in dung ca diot bin dung varicap v in p ngc
n ln n C(u)-mt hm phi tuyn.
Mch c t mt thng s l phi tuyn tr ln-mch phi tuyn- c cc
c im khc hn vi mch tuyn tnh xt t chng 1 n chng 8.Cc
c im l:
-Mch c trng bng mt hoc mt h phng trnh vi phn phi tuyn-
khng c cch gii tng qut.
-Khng p dng c nguyn l xp chng.
-Mch c kh nng lm giu ph ca tn hiu.
Vn u tin cn quan tm khi phn tch mch phi tuyn l vn
tim cn c tuyn theo s liu thc nghim. lp quan h gii tch ca mt
c tuyn no theo s liu thc nghim thng s dng phng php ni
suy trong mt on hu hn ca c tuyn.Hm ni suy c th s dng nhiu
dng hm nhng thng dng nht l a thc lu tha.
phn tch ph ca tn hiu trong qu trnh bin i phi tuyn thng
s dng cc phng php th 3,5,7to xc nh cc bin sng hi.
Phng php 3 to ng vi t=0,
2
v - c cho 3 thnh phn tn
s ( c tuyn Von-Ampe hnh 9.1.) c xc nh:
Thnh phn 1 chiu:
4
2
00
0
I I I
I
min max

Thnh phn tn s c bn:
2
1
min max
m
I I
I (9.1)
Thnh phn hi bc 2:
4
2
00
2
I I I
I
min max
m

Phng php 5 to ng vi t=0,
3
,
2
, 2
3
v - c cho 5 thnh
* Khi c dng in chy qua mt cun dy c li thp th c quan h
dt
d
u ,t thng l i lng ph thuc vo t thm ca li thp,m
li ph thuc vo dng in i nn quan h u(i) l quan h ph tuyn.
234
phn tn s ( c tuyn Von-Ampe hnh 9.2.) c xc nh:
Thnh phn 1 chiu:
6
2
2 1
0
) I I ( ) I I (
I
min max

Thnh phn tn s c bn:
3
2 1
1
) I I ( ) I I (
I
min max
m

Thnh phn hi bc 2:
4
2
00
2
I I I
I
min max
m
(9.2)
Thnh phn hi bc 3:
6
2
2 1
3
) I I ( ) I I (
I
min max
m

Thnh phn hi bc 4:
12
6 4
00 2 1
4
I ) I I ( ) I I (
I
min max
m

Cng theo cch trn c th ly thm 2 to na l
6
5
6
v c
phng php 7 to .
Phng php cung bi p dng cc cng thc bin i lng gic s c
th xc nh c cc thnh phn hi tu theo a thc lu tha ly n bc bao
nhiu. a thc lu tha c dng: y(t)=a
0
+a
1
x(t)+a
2
x
2
(t)+..+ax
n
(t) (9.3)
Nu tc ng l x(t) l mt dao ng iu ho x(t)=X
m
cos( t+ ) th
phn ng s l:
U
I
0
0
I
m
a
x
I
m
i
n
u
b)
a)
I
Hnh 9.1
0 U
I
0
0
I
m
a
x
I
m
i
n
u
t
b)
a)
I
Hnh 9.2
0
I
1
I
2
/2
/2
/3
2 /3
t

..... ) t ( cos .....] X a X a [ ) t ( cos ...] X a X a [
) t cos( ....] X a X a X a [ .....] X X a a [ ) t ( y
ba hibc Thnhphn
m m
hibc Thnhphn
m m
n b sngc Thnhphn
m m m
tchiu Thnhphnm
m m
3
16
5
4
1
2
2
1
2
1
8
5
4
3
8
3
2
1
5
5
3
3
2
4
4
2
2
5
5
3
3 1
4 2
2 0

235
(9.4)
Nu tc ng l tng ca 2 dao ng iu ho:
x(t)=X
1m
cos(
1
t+
1
)+X
2m
cos(
2
t+
2
)
vi bc n thng ch l bc 2 hoc 3 nn thay vo a thc, d dng xc
nh c cc thnh phn hi.
Trong k thut vin thng cc qu trnh bin i phi tuyn (bin i ph
ca tn hiu) thng gp l to dao ng
hnh sin, iu bin,iu tn, bin tn, tch
sng.
Nguyn l to dao ng ba im
thun khng c hai dng:
-Dng 3 im in dung hnh
9.3a)(Colpits): Z
CB
-cm tnh, Z
BE
v Z
CE
-
dung tnh
- Dng 3 im in cm hnh 9.3b)
(Hartley): Z
CB
-dung tnh, Z
BE
v Z
CE
-cm tnh.
Cng thc tm tn s dao ng l gii t phng trnh:
X
CB
+X
BE
+X
CE
=0 (9.5)
l iu kin cn bng pha. Cn iu kin cn bng bin l
I K I. I I=1.
Mch to dao ng ba im RC c cc dng thng dng:
-Dng c
k
= = -Mch cu Xi-ph-rp.Khu khuch i K quay pha
tn hiu i radian nn c th dng khuch i in tr mc Emit chung hoc
hoc khuch i thut ton mc
o.Mch quay pha trong khu hi tip
dng c lng quay pha cng l
= radian. Mch ny thng dng 3
t lc RC hnh thng cao hoc
thng thp nh hnh 9.4
Vi mch hnh 9.4.a)-lc thng cao:

RC
f ;
RC
;
] )
CR
( [
CR
j
) CR (
6 2
1
6
1
1
6
1 5
1
1
2
2
(9.6)
Vi mch hnh 9.4b)-lc thng thp:

RC
f ;
RC
;
] ) CR ( [ CR j ) CR (
2
6 6
6 5 1
1
2 2
(9.7)
Lc =
29
1
nn K=-29.
Z
Z
Z
CB
BE
CE
Z
Z
Z
CB
BE
CE
a)
b)
Hnh 9.3

C C C
R R R Ura Uht
C C C
R R R
Ura Uht
b)
a)
Hnh 9.4

236
Mch to dao ng c th c dng nh trn hnh 9.5a, vi 2 tranzisto:
T
1
-mch khuch i emit chung quay pha tn hiu 1 gc l , T
2
-lp emit
khng quay pha m lm nhim phi hp tr khng (tng m buffer).Mch
hnh 9.5b) xy dng trn khuch i thut ton mc o, c K=-29 nn
R
N
=29R
1
.
-Mch c
k
= =0, c mch khuch i v mch hi tip u khng
quay pha. Mch hi tip c dng hnh vi nhnh ngang l R
1
mc ni tip
C
1
,nhnh dc l R
2
mc song song C
2
, cho h s truyn l

2 1 2 1
1 2
2 1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
C C R R
;
)
C R
C R ( j
C
C
R
R
; (9.8)
Thng chn R
1
=R
2
=R, C
1
=C
2
=C nn
3
3
1
2
1 1
K ; ;
RC
f ;
RC
; (9.9)
c
k
=0 th s xy dng trn tranzis to phi c hai tng khuch i
emit chung nh trn hnh 9.6 a).Cn trn khuch i thut ton th c s
mc khng o hnh 9.6b) vi R
N
=2R
N
.

-Mch
hi tip dng
mch lc chn
di hnh T hoc
T kp.Mch in
3 cc hnh 9.7a)
lc chn di cu
T vi h s
truyn:

3 1
2 1
2
2
j
j
) (
, =
CR
1
(9.10)
_
+
C C C
R R R
a)
Hnh 9.5
RB1
RB2
RB1
Cn
_
+
T1
T2
R1
RN
b)
a)
RE
RC
Hi tip d-ng
C C C
R R R

_
+
Hnh 9.6
R1
RN
b)
a)
RB1
R2
C1
T1
RC1
RB1
T2
RC
_
+
R1
C2
RB2
Cn
C2
R2
RN
Hi tip d-ng Hi tip d-ng

237
Mch ny mc trong mch hi tip m nh hnh 9.7b). Khi =1 th
(-)
=2/3 v gc quay pha bng 0, tn s dao ng to ra
RC
1
. Mch hi tip
dng c h s truyn
2 1
2
R R
R
) (
;
(-)
=
(+)
=2/3,R
2
=2R
1
.
Mch lc chn di cu T kp hnh 9.7c) khi b=0,5 c h s truyn:

4 1
1
2
2
j
, =
CR
1
(9.11)
Vi =1 th lng
quay pha l
2
v
tn s ca dao
ng l
RC
1
, lc
=0.Nu b>0,5
th vi =1,
RC
1
, 0 v gc
quay pha 0.y l trng hp cu T kp lch cn bng, hay dng trong mch
to dao ng.
Mch iu bin: ng dng nguyn l bin i ph ly ra tn hiu iu
bin.Nu a vo thng s phi tuyn hai thnh phn:
- Sng mang u
0m
cos(
0
t+
0
)
-Thnh phn s cp vit di dng tng ca cc dao ng hnh sin
i
i i i m
) t cos( U ,
i
l cc tn s tnh t min n max,trong
0
>>
max
Vi php tim cn c tnh ca thng s phi tuyn l mt a thc lu
tha(v d dng qua diot) ta d dng tnh c cc thnh phn ph trong php
bin i phi tuyn. Sau mch bin i ph l khung cng hng song song,
cng hng tn s sng mang
0
, c di thng bao c khong 2
max
.Nh
vy c th tnh c tng thnh phn ph ca in p iu bin trn khung
cng hng theo cng thc U
( o

i)m
=Z(
0

i
).I
( 0 i)m
.
+
R1
ura
R2
_
C C
R
C C
R
a)
b)
R
R
R
C C
C/b
c)
Hnh 9.7

238
Mach to tn hiu iu tn: C th ng tranzisto in khng hoc diot
bin dung varicap tham gia vo thnh phn to tn s ca mch to dao ng
hnh sin to
ra tn hiu iu
tn.
Tranzisro
in khng:C
bn phng n
to tranzisto
in khng:
Phng
n hnh 9.8a)
cn chn I I
C
, R>>IZ
L
I ) . (
R
SL
C ;
C j L Sj
R
I
U
Z
td
td
V
12 9
1

Phng n hnh 9.8b) cn chn I I
C
,
R>>IZ
C
I ) . (
S
CR
L ; L j
C j
S
R
I
U
Z
td td V
13 9
1

Phng n hnh 9.8c) cn chn I I
C
, IZ
L
I >>R
) . (
SR
L
L ; L j
SR
L j
I
U
Z
td td V
14 9
Phng n hnh 9.8d) cn chn I I
C
, IZ
C
I >>R
) . ( CSR C ;
C j CSR j I
U
Z
td
td
V
15 9
1 1
.
Trong cc phng n trn, cng thc cui c s tham gia ca h dn S ca
tranzisto.H dn ny bin thin theo tn hiu m tn.
Diot bin dung c in dung C
D
bin thin theo in p m tn.
Cc mch iu tn thng dng hng l mch to dao ng hnh sin
thun khng vi tn s ca dao ng c to ra tnh theo cng thc
k k
C L
f
2
1
; Trong hoc L
K
hc C
k
c s tham gia ca in cm hoc
in dung bin thin theo tn hiu m tn nn to ra c dao ng iu tn.
Quan h
gia pha v tn s
l quan h o
hm -tch phn
nn c th ly tn
hiu iu pha t mch iu tn v ngc li nh trn hnh 9.9.
Hnh 9.8
b)
a)
ZV
I IC
R
L
ZV
I IC
R
C
d)
c)
I IC
R
L
I IC
R
C
U
U
ZV
U
ZV
U

Hnh 9.9
b)
a)
Mch vi
phn
Mch
iu tn
Tn hiu
iu pha
Tn hiu
s cp
Mch
tch phn
Mch
iu pha
Tn hiu
iu pha
Tn hiu
s cp

239
Tch sng bin : tch sng tn hiu iu bin, cn dng thng s
phi tuyn t ph
tt
,
tt

i
to ra ph mi, (
tt
l tn s sng mang trung
tn) trong c tn s hiu nhn c cc tn s s cp
j
ri dng khu
lc RC lc ly cc thnh phn ny,
loi b cc sn phm ph nh trn s
hnh 9.10.Nh vy in p tch sng l
thnh phn dng c tn s
i
nhn vi
tng tr R// C tnh ti tn s . Mch
tch sng s c cht lng tt nu chn
R v C tho mn iu kin tch sng:
T
0
<<RC<< T
c
(9.16)
Trong T
0
l chu k ca dao ng sng mang
0,
T
c
l chu k ca thnh
phn tn s s cp cao nht.
Tch sng tn s: C th tch sng bng cch bin di tn hiu iu tn
thnh tn hiu va iu bin v iu tn ri dng tch sng bin hoc bin
i v tn hiu iu pha ri dng tch sng pha. bin i tn hiu iu bin
v tn hiu iu bin-iu tn c th dng mt hoc hai khung RLC song song
lch cng hng.Khi tn s ca tn hiu iu tn cng tin v pha tn s
cng hng ca khung cng hng th in p trn n cng ln v ngc
li.Kt qu in p trn khung cng hng l in p va iu bin va iu
tn.Dng mch tch sng bin tch ly tn hiu s cp.
Tch sng pha: Biu thc ca tn hiu iu pha u
p
(t)=U
0m
cos[
tt
t+ (t)]-
trong
tt
l tn s trung tn trung tm, (t) l pha bin thin theo tn hiu s
cp-tin tc cha trong (t). tch sng c th bin i n v tn hiu iu bin
bng cch cng thm mt dao ng chun u
ch
(t)=U
ch m
(
tt
t+
0
).Dao ng ny
c tn s khng i ng bng tn s trung tn v c gc pha u
0
=const,th]ng ly
0
=0.Nh vy in p tng s tnh theo quy tc hnh bnh
hnh:
) t ( cos U U U U U
chm om chm m
2
2 2
0
(917)
Theo (9.17) th bin ca in p tng bin thin theo (t).in p ny
a vo mch tch sng bin s tch c tn hiu s cp.

bi tp
9.1. Cho c tun ca mt diot i dng cc s liu thc nghim trong
bng
9.1
ub(t) C
R UTS
Hnh 9.10
Thng
s phi
tuyn
khuch i tn
hiu s cp

240
Bng 9.1
U[V] 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0
I[mA] 0 2,8 5,1 8,1 12 23,2 31 40,4 51,2 65
a) Hy tim cn c tuyn ca diot bng a thc bc hai i=a
0
+a
1
u+a
2
u
2
s dng
phng php ni suy ti 3 to c ch in m trong bng 9.1
b) Theo a thc bc hai tim cn c, tm sai s tuyt i tt c cc to
trong bng trn.
c) V th ng cong thc nghim v ng cong tim cn trn cng mt h
trc to .Gii thch ti sao ti cc to ni suy vn c sai s.
2. 2.
Cho c tun ca mt diot i dng cc s liu thc nghim trong bng 9.2
Bng9.2
U[V] 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6
I[mA] 0 2,87 6,74 9,74 22,53 35,8 53,55 76,46 105,2
a) Hy tim cn c tuyn ca diot bng a thc bc hai i=a
0
+a
1
u+a
2
u
2

s dng
phng php ni suy ti 3 to in m trong bng 9.2
b) Tm sai s tuyt i cc to cn li trong bng 9.2.
c) V th ng cong thc nghim v ng cong tim cn trn mt h trc
to

9.3.Cho c tun ca mt diot i dng cc s liu thc nghim trong bng
9.3 Bng 9.3
U[V] 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6
I[mA] 0 2,87 6,74 9,74 22,53 35,8 53,55 76,46 105,2
a)Hy tim cn c tuyn ca diot bng a thc bc ba i=a
0
+a
1
u+a
2
u
2
a
3
u
3
s
dng phng php ni suy ti 4 to c ch in m trong bng 9.3
b)Theo a thc tim cn c, tm sai s tuyt i tt c cc to trong
bng trn.
c) V th ng cong thc nghim v ng cong tim cn c trn cng
mt h trc to .

9.4. Cho c tuyn ca mt diot bin dung varicap trn hnh 9.11
a)Hy tim cn c tuyn bng ng gp khc khi varicap lm vic trong
on AB
241
b) Tm sai s tuyt i ti 5 to nm trong khong AB (tr 2 im Av B)
9.5. Cho c tuyn Von-Ampe ca mt diot trn hnh 9.12. Ngi ta t ln
diot in p nh thin U
0
=1V v mt in p hnh sin c bin 0,5 V.
a) Hy xc nh bin cc thnh phn hi ca dng qua diot bng phng
php ba to .
b) Hy xc nh bin cc thnh phn hi ca dng qua diot bng phng
php nm to .

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
0 0,2 0,4 0,6
0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8
U [V]
I[mA]
Hnh 9.12

9.6. Cho c tuyn ca mt diot c biu din bng a thc bc 2:
1
2
3
-1,6 -1,4 -1,2
-1,0 -0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0
U [V]
CD[pF]
Hnh 9.11
A
B
1,5
2,5

242
i=0,002 +0,02u+0,05u
2
.
Tc ng ln i diot l in p u=1+ 0,5cos t [V]
a)Hy xc nh bin cc thnh phn hi trong dng qua diot bng
phng php cung bi.
b) So snh kt qu nhn c vi kt qu ca bi tp 9.5a) v cho kt lun
v hm gii tch ca th hnh 9.12.

9.7. Cho c tuyn ca diot c tim cn bng a thc bc 2:
i=0,0002+0,0004u+0,003u
2
.
t ln i diot in p tng:
u=1,5+0,8cos t+cos
0
t=1,5+0,6cos(8.10
3
t)+0,8cos(10
6
t)[V]
a) Xc nh cc thnh phn tn s ca dng qua diot v bin cc tn s
.
b) V th ph ca dng qua diot.
c) Xy dng mch v tnh cc thng s mch ly ra in p c cc thnh
phn tn s 992.10
3
rad/s, 10
6
rad/s v 1 008.10
3
rad/s.
d) in p c ly ra l in tn hiu iu bin, iu tn hay iu pha.
Tm biu thc tc thi ca in p ra v v dng th thi gian ca n.

9.8. Trn hnh 9.13a) l s khi ca my thu AM biu din t anten thu n
mch lc trung tn. Hnh 9.13b) l th dng ph ca mt i pht thanh iu
bin AM m my thu cn thu. Bit tn s trung tn (sng mang trung tn) l
465 Khz.
a) B dao ng ngoi sai phi lm vic tn s l bao nhiu thu c
tn hiu hiu AM c ph trn.
b)V dng ph ca tn hiu trung tn trn thang tn s l Khz.
c)Tnh (chn) cc thng s ca hai mch cng hng RLC song song
ghp qua C
gh
lm vic ch ghp ti hn trong mch hnh 9.13a) lc
b cc sn phm ph.
243

Ch dn: Cc cng thc ca mch dao ng ghp qua in dung:

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 1 Q ) Q Q K (
KQ
) j ( T

Q
;
) C C ( L
;
g
C C
Q ;
C C
C
K
,
gh
gh
gh
gh
0
7 0 0
2
1

9.9. Cho mch to dao ng hnh sin 3 im trn hnh 9.14. Bit rng cc in
dung C
n
, C
E
v C
L
(c hng chc F tr ln) c tr s kh ln, nn ti tn s
dao ng st p trn chng c th b qua ( tc 0
1 1 1
coi
C
,
C
,
C
L E n
)
a) Tm hiu chc nng ca cc linh kin trong mch.
b) Hy v s rt gn ca mch theo tn s dao ng v xc nh
y l dao ng kiu Hartley(3 im in cm) hay Colpits(3 im in dung).
c) Tnh tn s dao ng to ra khi C
1
=100nF, C
2
=1nF, C
3
=5nF,
L=1mH.
f (Khz)
685
695 675
Hnh 9.13
685,1 684,9
Phn t trn
C
L
L
C
R
R
Cgh
utt
Mch dao ng
ngoi sai
Khuch
i cao
tn
Mch
vo
Mch bin tn
Ti khuch i
trung tn
a)
b)

244

9.10. Cho mch to dao ng hnh sin 3 im trn hnh 9.15. Bit rng cc
in dung C
n
, C
E
v C
L
c tr s kh ln nn ti tn s dao ng st p trn
chng c th b qua ( tc 0
1 1 1
coi
C
,
C
,
C
L E n
)
a)Tm hiu chc nng ca cc linh kin trong mch.
b)Hy v s rt gn ca mch theo tn s dao ng v xc nh y l
dao ng kiu Hartley(3 im in cm) hay Colpits(3 im in dung).
c)Tnh tn s dao ng to ra khi C
1
=50pF, C
2
=125pF, C
3
=25pF, L
1
=280 F
mH, L
2
=155,2 mH

9.11.Trong mch to dao ng hnh sin
hnh 9.16a) c khu khuch i K v khu
hi tip lm nhim v quay pha.
a) Vit iu kin cn bng bin v
cn bng pha tng qut cho mch.
b) Chng minh rng h s truyn t
ca mch quay pha l:
]
) CR (
[
CR j
) CR (
U
U
ra
ht
.
.
2 2
1
6
1 5
1
1

c) T iu kin cn bng tm biu thc
tn s dao ng.
d) Tnh cc thng s ca mch mch lm vic tn s 1 Khz khi chn
R=1 K , R
1
=33 K .
9.12. Mch in hnh 9.16b)l mch to dao ng hnh sin vi khu khuch
i K v khu hi tip lm nhim v quay pha.
a)Vit iu kin cn bng bin v cn bng pha tng qut cho mch.
+ E -
R
R
R
R
Hnh 9.15
B1
B2
E
C
1
2
3
C
C
C
L
C
C
n
E
L
C
L
2
1

+ E -
R
R
R
R
Hnh 9.14
B1
B2
E
C
1
2
3 C
C
C
L
C
C
n
E
L
C

+
_
C C C
R R R
R1
RN
Ura Uht
K
+
_
C C C
R R R
R1
RN
Ura Uht
K
a)
b)
Hnh 9.16

245
b)Chng minh rng h s truyn t ca mch quay pha l:
) R C ( CR j R C
U
U
ra
ht
.
.
2 2 2 2 2 2
6 5 1
1

c) T iu kin cn bng tm biu thc tn s
dao ng.
d) Tnh cc thng s ca mch mch lm
vic tn s 2 Khz khi chn C=30nF,
R
1
=50 K .

9.13.Mch to dao ng iu tn ca mt my
pht thanh FM dng tranzisto in khng mc
nh hnh 9.17, trong phn ng khung l khung cng hng, quyt nh tn
s dao ng. Tn s dao ng to ra tnh theo cng thc
k k
C L
f
2
1
, trong
L
k
v C
k
l thng s tng ng ca khung cng hng. Cho cc thng s
ca mch nh sau: L=0,5 H; C=5pF; L=5 H; R=20K .
Khi c in p s cp tc ng th h dn ca tranzisto in khng bin
thin trong khong S=5,2 6,42mA/V. Khi khng c in p s cp tc ng th
h dn ca tranzisto nhn gi tr 5,8 [mA/V]. Gi thit b qua cc thng s k
sinh ca mch.
a) Tnh tn s ca dao ng to ra khi my trng thi cm (khng c in
p s cp tc ng).
b) Tnh tn s f
max
v f
min
ca dao ng to ra khi c in p s cp tc
ng.
c) Xc nh di tn cc i ca tn hiu FM.
d) V nh tnh dng th thi gian ca
dao ng c to ra khi c in p
s cp hnh sin tc ng.
9.14. Mch to dao ng iu tn ca mt
my pht thanh FM dng tranzisto in khng
mc nh hnh 9.18.vi tn s dao ng to ra
tnh theo cng thc
k k
C L
f
2
1
.Trong
L
k
v C
k
l thng s tng ng ca khung
cng hng(phn ng khung trong s ).
Cho cc thng s ca mch nh sau:
L= 1,5 H, L=0,5 H;R=50 , C=5 pF.
L
R
TD
iu
tn
u
r
a
L
C
Hnh 9.17
Tn hiu s
cp

L
R
TD
iu
tn
u
r
a
L
C
Hnh 9.18
Tn hiu s
cp

246
Khi c in p s cp tc ng th h dn ca tranzisto in khng bin
thin trong khong 7 8 [mA/V]. Khi khng c in p s cp tc ng th h
dn ca tranzisto nhn gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trn.Gi thit b
qua cc thng s k sinh ca mch.
a)Tnh tn s ca dao ng to ra khi my trng thi cm (khng c in
p s cp tc ng)
b)Tnh tn s f
max
v f
min
ng.
c)Xc nh di tn cc i trung bnh ca tn hiu FM.

9.15. Mch to dao ng iu tn ca mt
my pht thanh FM dng tranzisto in
khng mc nh hnh 9.19 vi tn s dao ng
to ra tnh theo cng thc
k k
C L
f
2
1
.
Trong L
k
v C
k
l thng s tng ng
ca khung cng hng. Cho cc thng s ca
mch nh sau:
L= 0,5 H, R=50 , C=2 pF,C=5 pF.
Khi c in p s cp tc ng th h dn
ca tranzisto in khng bin thin trong
khong 5 7,5 [mA/V]. Khi khng c in p s cp tc ng th h dn ca
tranzisto nhn gi tr 5,623 [mA/V]. Gi thit b qua cc thng s k sinh ca
mch.
a) Tnh tn s ca dao ng to ra khi my trng thi cm (khng c in
p s cp tc ng)
b) Tnh tn s f
max
v f
min
ng.
c) Xc nh di tn cc i ca tn hiu FM.

C
R
TD
iu
tn
u
r
a
L
C
Hnh 9.19
Tn hiu
s cp

247
9.16. Mch to dao ng iu tn dng tranzisto in khng mc nh hnh 9.20
vi tn s dao ng to ra tnh theo cng thc
k k
C L
f
2
1
.Trong L
k
v C
k
l thng s
tng ng ca khung cng hng. Cho cc
thng s ca mch nh sau:
L=1 H, R=25K , C=C=5pF.
Khi c in p s cp tc ng th h dn
ca tranzisto in khng bin thin trong
khong 13 17,5 [mA/V]. Khi khng c in
p s cp tc ng th h dn ca tranzisto
nhn gi tr 15 [mA/V]. Gi thit b qua cc
k sinh ca mch.
a)Tnh tn s ca dao ng to ra khi my
trng thi cm (khng c in p s cp tc
ng).
b)Tnh tn s f
max
v f
min
ca dao ng to ra
khi c in p s cp tc ng
c)Xc nh di tn cc i ca tn hiu FM.

9.17.Mch iu tn dng varicap c s rt gn
trn hnh 9.21. v c tuyn ca varicap cho trn hnh 9.22. Trong hnh 9.21
phn ng khung l khung cng hng quyt nh tn s ca dao ng to ra
tnh theo cng thc
k k
C L
f
2
1
.Bit L=0,5 H, C=4 pF, in p s cp n
m l u (t)=0,6 cos( t) [V], U
0
=- 0,8V.
a) Hy xc nh tn s ca dao ng ti cc thi im in p m tn c gi tr
0 V; 0,2V ; 0,4 V; 0,6 V v -0,2V ; -0,4 V; -0,6 V
b) Xc nh di tn cc i trung bnh.
C
R
TD
iu
tn
u
r
a
L
C
Hnh 9.20
Tn hiu s
cp

Hnh 9.21
0
gh C
C
L T D
U
u
r
a
m tn
u

0,30
0,35
0,40
0,45
0,50
0,55
0,60
0,65
0,70
-1,6 -1,4
-1,2 -1,0 -0,8
-0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0
U [V] +
Cv[pF]
Hnh 9.22

248
9.18. Mch iu tn dng varicap c s rt gn trn hnh 9.21( bi tp
9.17).Cc thng s ca mch L=0,5 H, C=2,5 pF;Varicap c c tuyn l
on AB c tim cn nh trong BT 9.4. in p mt chiu t ln
varicap l U
0
=-0,7 V.Tn hiu s cp (m tn)c bin l 0,3V. Hy xc nh
tn s ca dao ng ti cc thi im in p s cp c gi tr 0 V; 0,1V ; 0,2
V; 0,3 V v -0,1V ; -0,2 V; -0,3 V.

9.19. Ngi ta a vo mch in hnh 9.23 in p iu bin n m c biu
thc gii tch u
b
(t)=0,5(1+ 0,5 cos 2 .1000t) cos 2 .10
7
t [V]. Hnh
9.24 l th thi gian ca mt on tn hiu iu bin ny.
a)Gii thch tc dng ca cc linh kin trong mch tch sng.
b) Trn c s th hnh 9.24 hy v nh tnh dng th ca tn hiu m tn
ly ra khi tho mn iu kn tch sng.
c) Kim tra li iu kin tch sng nu chn C=0,01 F, R=2 K
d)Tnh gi tr ca in p tch sng ly ra pha sau t ghp C
gh
= 100 F nu
bit c tuyn ca diot l hm bc hai i=0,002 +0,02u+0,05u
2
, vi gi thit l
ch ly ra thnh phn tn s m tn
s hu ch.

9.20.Mch tch sng hnh 9.25 c in p
iu bin a vo mch l:
u
b
(t) =U
0m
(1+mcos t)cos
0
t.
a) Hy s dng phng php
cung bi phn tch(tng qut) ph ca dng
qua iot nu c tuyn ca diot c tim
cn bng a thc bc hai i=a
0
+a
1
u+a
2
u
2
.
b) Vi diot c c tuyn l hm
bc hai i =0,002 +0,02u+0,05u
2
; Chn ti RC l R=1K ,C=0,05 F tch
sng cho tn hiu u
b
(t)=0,55[1 +0,8cos 2 .1250t]cos(2 .640 000t) [V]. Hy
xc nh bin phc in p cc thnh phn tn s u ra ca mch:
-Tn s hu ch 1250 Hz
t
ub
Hnh 9.24
0

U TS ub (t)
C R
Hnh 9.23
Cgh

U TS ub (t)
C R
Hnh 9.25

249
-Tn s hi bc 2 ca n (2500 Hz- gy mo phi tuyn)
-Tn s cao tn (640 Khz gi l lt cao
tn) lt ra ti khi in dung k sinh ca iot
tn s ny l 150 pF

9.21.Trong mch tch sng tn s hnh
9.26,mch khuch i trung tn cui tng
ng vi mt ngun dng in ca tn hiu
iu tn c biu thc:
i
t
=10 cos(2 .8.10
6
t+39,78sin 2 .1000t) [mA]
vi ni tr l in tr thun R
ng
=15 K .Mch
bin i tn hiu iu tn thnh tn hiu iu
bin-iu tn l khung cng hng n c
cc thng s:L 1 H; C=390pF ; R=30 K .
Hy tm biu thc tc thi ca tn s dng tn hiu iu tn trn.
a) V nh tnh dng th thi gian tn hiu s cp v tn s ca tn hiu
iu tn(chng4,xem trang 120 sch ny)
b) Tnh cc tn s tc thi ca tn hiu ti cc thi im t=0,t=0,25 mS v
t=0,5 mS.
c) Tnh modun tng tr ca khung cng hng ti cc tn s va tnh
c mc b)
d) Coi pha ban u ca ng bao tn hiu iu bin-iu tn bng 0,tm
biu thc tc thi ca in p iu bin - iu tn u ra ca mch
bin i.
e) Tm biu thc ca tn hiu tch sng cho tn s hu ch (tn s 1000 Hz)
nu R
t
=1,2K , C
t
=0,01 F v c utyn ca diot c tim cn bng a
th bc hai: i =0,002 +0,02u+0,05u
2
.

Bi gii-p s ch dn

9.1. a
0
0,002038;a
1
=0,000928;a
3
=0,014; i=0,002038+0,000928 u+0,014u
2
Bng 9.4
U[V] 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,2
I[mA] 0 2,8 5,1 8,1 12 23,2
I
t.cn
[mA] 2,038 2,7836 4,6492 7,6348 11,740 23,31
I[mA] 2,038 0,0164 0,4508 0,4652 0,26 0,11
U[V] 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0
I[mA] 31 40,4 51,2 65
I
t.cn
[mA] 30,777 39,363 49,068 59,894
I[mA] 0,2243 1,037 2,132 5,106
U TS
it(t)
C R
Hnh 9.26
t t
R R ng
L
C
Ngun tn
hiu iu
tn
Mch bin
i tn
hiu iu
tn thnh
tn hiu
iu bin-
iu tn
Mch tch
sng bin
D

250

9.4. C
D
=2,73333u+3,6133 (U tnh bng von, C
D
tnh bng pF)

9.5. a) I
0
=78,25 mA,I
1m
=60 mA, I
2m
= 62,5 mA.
b) 75 0 4 25 6 67 64 17 78
4 3 2 1 0
, I ; mA I ; mA , I ; mA , I , mA , I
m m m m

9.7.
a) Thay u=U
0
+U
m
cos t+U
0m
cos
0
t vo cng thc tng qut
i=a
0
+a
1
u+a
2
u
2
tm c cng thc cc thnh phn dng in, sau thay s
vo s tnh c:

I
0
= 9,05mA;I
m
= =5,64mA;I
o m
=7,52mA;I
( 0 )m
=1,44mA;I
2 m
=0,54 mA;
I
2 om
= 0,95mA.
b)Ph ca dng qua diot hnh 9.27.
c) Tn hiu gm 3 tn s 992 000 rad/s,1 000 000 rad/s v 1 008 000rad/s
l tn hiu iu bin n m. chn n ta xy dng mch trn hnh 9.28. C
th chn cc thng s mch cng hng: L= 0,1 mH, C= 10 nF th tn s cng
hng l:

0
8000
16 000
1 000 000
2 000 000 rad/s
2
2
0
o
I0=9,05 mA
I m= 5,64 mA
I2 m=0,54 mA
I 0m=7,52 mA
0
0
I2 om=0,95 mA
0
992 000 1 008 000
I( )m=1,44 mA
0
Hnh 9.27
I( )m=1,44 mA

0
= s / rad
.
LC
000 000 1
10 10
1 1
8 4

B rng ph l 16 000 rad/s

K ,
.
C .
R
CR CR Q
,
25 6 250 6
10 000 16
1
000 16
1
000 16
1
8
0
0 0
7 0
Chn R= 6,25 K
d) Cc thnh phn in p ra:
Z (
0
) =6250
U b(t)
u (t)
u (t)
U0=1,5V
0
i
C R L
Hnh 9.28

251
6250 59 1 6250
10 000 008 1
1
10 000 008 1 6250 000 008 1
8
4
0
, j
)
.
. ( j ) ( Z ) ( Z

6250 59 1 000 10
10 000 992
1
00010 992 6250 000 992
8
4
0
, j
)
.
( j ) ( Z ) ( Z

U
0m
=7,52.6,25=47 V
U
( o )m
=1,44.6,25=9

u
b
(t) 47 cos 1 000 000t +9cos 992 000t+9 cos 1 008 000t
=47(1+0,383 cos 8 000t) cos 1 000 000 t ;
(mU
0m
/2=m47/2=9 m=18/47 0,383)
9.8.
a) f
ns
=465+685=1150 Khz=1,15Mhz
b) Ly tn s ngoi sai tr i ph trn hnh 9.13b) s c ph ca
tn hiu trung tn: bin di 455 464,9Khz, sng mang 465Khz,
bin trn 465,1 475Khz; F=20Khz.
c) C th chn: f
tt
=465 000;
tt
= 2 .465000= 2 921 681 rad/s;
b rng ph: F=20 Khz;
Chn F
0,7
=20,5 Khz

F;
0,7
=2 . 20 600=128 805 rad/s ;
Khung cng hng lm vic ch ghp ti hn KQ=1.

pF C , pF C , mH , L , K R Vy
K K ,
. .
) C C (
Q
R
mH , H . ,
. . ) C C (
L
; pF C C ; pF C Chn
C
C
;
C
C
C C
C
, K KQ
R ) C C (
g
) C C (
805 128
Q
Q
gh
gh tt
gh tt
gh gh
gh
gh
gh
gh
gh
gh
,
,
10 310 366 0 34
34 23 34
10 320 368 921 2
32
366 0 10 6616 3
10 320 368 921 2
1 1
310 31 10
31
1
1
03125 0
32
1
1
32
681 921 2
2 2 2
12
4
12 2 2
0
0
7 0
0 0
7 0

9.9. b) S rt gn theo tn s tn hiu c dng
trn hnh 9.29. vi R
B
=R
B1
//R
B2
.y l s 3
im in dung Colpits.
R
R
Hnh 9.29
B
C
1
2
3
C
C
C
L

252
c)
Khz , . Hz f
; s / rad . ,
. ,
L
C C C
07 175 070 175
10 1 1
10
10 21 1
1 1 1
6
3
9
3 2 1

9.10. Ba im in cm Hartley.
Mhz , f ; s / rad . ,
L L
C C C
989 1 10 5 12
1 1 1
6
2 1
3 2 1

9.11. Hnh 9.30a). =2 .1000; nF C 65
T ;
29
1
K= K R . R
R
R
N
N
957 29 29
1
1

9.12. Hnh 9.30b.C=30 nF, R
1
=50 K . M , R ; K , R
N
45 1 5 6
9.13. Hnh 9.31. L=0,5 H; C=5pF; L=5 H; R=20K .
Tranzisto in khng tng ng ci in dung
R
SL
C
td
C
K
=C+C
td
a)Khi my (Micro) trng thi cm:

Mhz ,
. , . . ,
C L
f
; pF , , C
pF , F . ,
.
. . . ,
R
L S
C
k k
k
tb
td
6248 88
10 45 6 10 5 0 2
1
2
1
45 6 5 45 1
45 1 10 45 1
10 20
10 5 10 8 5
12 6
0
0
0
12
3
6 3

b)Khi c tn hiu s cp:
+
_
C C C
R R R
R1
RN
Ura Uht
K
+
_
C C C
R R R
R1
RN
Ura Uht
K
a) b)
Hnh 9.30

L
R
TD
iu
tn
u
r
a
L
C
Hnh 9.31

253
Mhz ,
. , . . ,
C L
f
C C pF , , ) , , ( C
pF , , F . , . ,
.
. . ). , , (
R
SL
C
min K k
max
max k min k k
td
6736 89
10 3 6 10 5 0 2
1
2
1
605 6 3 6 6 1 3 1 5
605 1 3 1 10 605 1 10 3 1
10 20
10 5 10 42 6 20 5
12 6
12 12
3
6 3

Mhz ,
. , . ,
C L
f
max K k
min
5878 87
10 605 6 10 5 0 2
1
2
1
12 6

Mhz , , ,
f f F ) c
max n tr
0508 1 6248 88 6736 89
0

Mhz , , , f f F
min i - d
0370 1 5878 87 6248 88
0

di tn cc i trung bnh: F
TB
=(1,0508+1,0370)/2=1,0439Mhz
d) th tn hiu c dng hnh 9.32.
9.14.
SR
L
L
td
; L
K
=L
td
+L

9.15. C
td
=CSR; C
K
=C
td
+C

9.16. Hnh 3.32.
t
ut
Hnh 9.32

0,30
0,35
0,40
0,45
0,50
0,55
0,60
0,65
0,70
-1,6 -1,4
-1,2 -1,0 -0,8
-0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0
U [V] +
t
b)
a)
Cv[pF]
U0
Hnh 9.33
0,2 0,4 0,6 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0
u [V] +

254
Khz , Mhz , , , F
; Khz Mhz , , , F
Mhz , f ; , f ; Mhz ,
. . . ,
f
, L ; , L ; ,
,
. ,
L ; L // H L // L L
; , ,
) , (
. . .
L
; H . ,
.
. . .
L
; H L ; S ;
S
CR
L
i - d
n tr
min max
min k max k K td td k
min max td
td
td
3 542 5423 0 7775 74 3198 75
684 684 0 3198 75 0038 76
7775 74 0038 76 3198 75
10 5 10 893 0 2
1
877 0 906 0 893 0
53 8
1 53 7
1
143 7 615 9
10 5 17 13
10 25 10 5
10 333 8
10 15
10 25 10 5
1 15
12 6
0
0
3
3 12
6
3
3 12
0
0

9.17. Hnh 9.33a) c tuyn ca Varicap. Trn t ln in p tn hiu s
cp hnh 9.33b). T 2 th xc nh c cc gi tr ca in dung varicap v
kt qa tnh ton tn s dao ng trong bng 9.4
Bng 9.4
U [V] -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6
C
v.
[pF]

0,34 0,375 0,420 0,47 0,52 0,585 0,67
f[Mhz] 89,3903 89,1446 88,8316 88,8477 88,1478 87,7116 86,6955

9.18. C th xc nh cc gi tr ca in dung varicap trn th hnh 9.11
(BT9.4) hoc tnh theo cng thc C
D
=2,73333u+3,6133 (p s BT9.4 trang
247) vi U=-0,7+u; C
K
=C+C
D
. T tnh c kt qu trong bng 9.5
Bng 9.5
U [V]
-0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3
U
0
+ u
-1,0 -0,9 -0,8 -0,7 -0,6 -0,5 -0,4
C
D
[pF]

0,88 1,155333 1,42666 1,69999 1,97332 2,24665 2,51998
C
K
[pF] 3,58 3,655333 3,92666 4,1533 4,47332 4,74665 5,01998
f[Mhz] 118,9579 117,7258 113,5856 110,4430 106,4192 103,3098 100,4579

9.19.
c) T
0
=0,1 S << =RC=2.10
3
.10
-8
=2.10
-5
=20 S << T =1 mS
d) +S dng phng php cung bi tm ph ca dng qua diot:
gn k hiu u
b
(t)=0,5(1+ 0,5 cos 2 .1000t) cos 2 .10
7
t [V]=
=U
0m
(1+mcos t)cos
0t
=U(t) cos
0
t (*)
vi U(t)=U
0m
(1+mcos t)=0,5(1+ 0,5 cos 2 .1000t)
i=a
0
+a
1
u+a
2
u
2
(**)
Thay (**) vo (*) bin i ri h bc s tch c thnh phn tn s
l:
255
i (t)=m.a
2
U
2
0m
cos t= 0,5.0,05.0,5
2
cos t=0,00625cos2 .1000t [A]=
6,25 cos 2 .1000 t mA
+
0
16 7
8
2000
12566 0 1
2000
2000 10 1000 2 1
2000
1
, j
RC
e
, j
. . . j
CR j
R
) ( Z
V tr khng ca in dung ghp l Z
Cgh
6 1
10 100 1000 2
1
6
, j
. . . j
,tr
khng vo ca tng tip theo (khuch i m tn) c K nn st p trn C
gh
coi
gn bng 0.T ta c:
U
TS
Z( )
RC
.I =
0 0
16 7 3 16 7
5 12 10 25 6 2000
, j , j
e , . , . e .
u
TS
(t)=12,5cos(2 .1000t-7,16
0
)[V]
9.20 :Ch dn
a) Thc hin bin i xem bi gii 9.19 d) bn trn.(Ly lun kt qu trong
cng thc bin i trn).
b) u tin cng kim tra iu kin tch sng.
y c tn hiu iu bin n m:
Tn s sng mang l f
0
=465Khz(tn s trung tn my thu AM).
Tn s tn hiu s cp F=1250 Hz<<f
0

Tn s hi bc hai ca tn hiu s cp l 2F=2500 Hz.
m=0,8; U
0m
=0,55V
+T php bin i a) s tnh c bin tn hiu hu tch tn s
F=1250 Hz v tn s mo bc hai 2F= F=2500 Hz tng t nh 9.19d)
+ Vi tn s sng mang trung tn
465Khz th s dng s tng ng hnh
9.26, diot ng ng vi in dung
C
D
=150pF. Thc cht l mt b phn p in
dung vi in p tc ng l u
0
=0,55cos
0
t,
phn ng l u
ra
(t)

9.21. Ch dn: tn hiu iu tn n m c tn s sng mang trung tn f
tt
=8Mhz
hay
tt
=2 .8.10
6
=50 265 482 rad/s, tn s tn hiu s cp l F=1000 Hz hay
=2 .1000=6 283 rad/S, su iu tn l 39,78 rad.
Pha tc thi ca tn hiu l (t)= 2 .8.10
6
t+39,78sin 2 .1000t
Tn s tm tc thi:
(t)=
dt
) t ( d
=
tt
+
m
cos t=2 .8.10
6
+39,78. 2 .1000cos2 .1000t
50 265 482+0,25.10
6
cos2 .1000t [rad/S]
T :
Ura(t)
u0 (t)
Hnh 9.25
CD
C

256
Quy lut bin thin ca tn hiu s cp l hm cos 2 .1000t,trng vi quy
lut bin thin ca tn s.

min
tt
max
S / rad . , cos . ,
. , . . cos . , mS , t
S / rad cos . ,
. , . . cos . , mS , t
S / rad . , t
482 015 50 10 25 0 482 265 50 10 25 0 482 265 50
10 5 0 1000 2 10 25 0 482 265 50 5 0
482 265 50
2
10 25 0 482 265 50
10 25 0 1000 2 10 25 0 482 265 50 25 0
482 515 50 10 25 0 482 265 50 0
6 6
3 6
6
3 6
6

Khung cng hng c:
R
t
=R
ng
//R= K
.
10
30 15
30 15
.
Tn s cng hng S / rad
. .
968 636 50
10 390 10
1
12 6
0

Vy
0
>
tt
.

2 2
1
1
)
L
C ( G
Z
td

in p trn khung cng hng:
ng vi
max
: ) ( Z I U
max m max
=10.7,26=72,6V
ng vi
tt
: ) ( Z I U
tt m om
=10.3,26=32,6V
ng vi
min
: ) ( Z I U
min m min
=10.2=20
T U
0m
nhn gi tr U
0m
=(U
max
+U
min
)/2= 46,3
Ch s iu bin:m= 568 0,
U U
U U
min max
min max
.
T c biu thc tn hiu iu bin iu tn:
u
B-T
(t)=46,3(1+0,568cos 2 .1000t)cos(2 .8.10
6
t+39,78sin 2 .1000t)
[V].
n y li tr v tnh nh trong BT 9.19

Ht chng 9

Bai Tap Ly Thuyet Mach

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11

.Thay vo ph- ng trnh

Trong khong thi gian 5560 mS:l dao ng t do.

[] , =[nepe]+j[rad/km] =(148+j 374).10

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