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K Singh, 2005. A licence to publish this material has been given to ARHEN http://rrh.deakin.edu.

au/ 1
P E R S O N A L V I E W
liotclcuct:,. coulc tcc|:ological ccvclouc:ts
assist |calt|ca:c i: :u:al l:cia
K singh
i-1.o- i-.oe . 1e.|-.!.,, :e e!|., i-1.o
xnIm::eJ. + +oo 2+, RevseJ. jo!, 2., 1nIlsneJ. 2. Mo, 2
singh K
Bioteiemetry: couid technoiogicai deveiopments assist heaithcare in rurai India
Rnrol onJ Remo:e Heol:n s: 21+. (Gniinej, 200s
Avaiiabie rom: http:..rrh.deakin.edu.au
A l I k A I
contet: l: l:cia o00 oi t|c oulatio: livc i: :u:al villagcs. I|c :u:al oulatio: suiic:s i:ou a |u:cc: oi ciscasc a:c
ciso:cc:s cuc to t|c :o:availa|ilit, oi a:o:iatc |calt|ca:c c:so::cl a:c iacilitics. i:cc 1-.0, t|c l:cia: Govc::uc:t |as
:cso:ccc wit| a sc:ics oi iivc,ca: la:s |ut |as |cc: u:a|lc to acc:css t|c lac| oi |calt|ca:c :oicssio:als :ca:cc to wo:| i:
isolatcc a:c :u:al a:cas.
Issue: I|c usc oi |iotclcuct:, is :ooscc as a solutio:, its acva:tagcs a:c cisacva:tagcs a:c ciscusscc.
Iessons: I|c ccvclouc:t oi |iotclcuct:, i: l:cia will iu:ovc |calt|ca:c io: t|c :u:al a:c :cuotc oulatio: a:c casc t|c
ciiccts oi t|c s|o:tagc oi :u:al |calt|ca:c :oicssio:als. lowcvc:, a :uu|c: oi qucstio:s :cuai: a:c :cqui:c iu:t|c: co:sicc:atio:.
Keyvords: |iotclcuct:,, :u:al l:cia, |calt|ca:c, tclcuct:, la:.
o:tcxt
l: l:cia o00 oi t|c oulatio: livc i: :u:al villagcs. I|c
:u:al oulatio: suiic:s i:ou a |u:cc: oi ciscasc a:c
ciso:cc:s cuc to t|c :o:availa|ilit, oi a:o:iatc |calt|ca:c
c:so::cl a:c iacilitics
1,!
.
l: l:cia: :u:al a:cas, t|c:c is a :co:cc:a:cc oi cc:tai:
|calt| :o|lcus, suc| as a |ig| suicicc :atc, i:cicc:ccs oi
cc:tai: t,cs oi uc:tal |calt| :o|lcus a:c ccg:ccs oi |calt|
:o|lcus associatcc wit| t|c |,sical :atu:c oi wo:| i: :u:al
:iua:, i:cust:ics
1,!
. l: accitio:, a :a:gc oi social, cco:ouic,
gcog:a|ic, i:i:ast:uctu:al a:c cultu:al iacto:s aiicct t|c
|calt| oi l:cia: :u:al i:civicuals a:c t|c accquac, oi :u:al
|calt| sc:viccs
!.
.
K Singh, 2005. A licence to publish this material has been given to ARHEN http://rrh.deakin.edu.au/ 2
I|c l:cia: :u:al oulatio: |as a |ig|c: :oo:tio: oi clcc:l,
colc coua:cc wit| t|c :atio:al avc:agc
1!
. A|usc oi
alco|ol a:c t|c usc oi suo|clcss to|acco is a sig:iiica:t
:o|lcu auo:g :u:al ,out|. ku:al |ositals a:c |ali as li|cl,
to :ovicc cuc:gc:c, uc:tal |calt| ca:c as a:c u:|a:
|ositals
1o
. ku:al :csicc:ts |avc g:catc: t:a:so:tatio:
ciiiicultics io: |calt| ca:c coua:cc wit| u:|a: :csicc:ts a:c
t|is is a:ticula:l, so io: vul:c:a|lc g:ous suc| as t|c clcc:l,
o: cisa|lcc c:so:s. ku:al :csicc:ts |avc ciiiicultics acccssi:g
iooc :ctailc:s io: i:cs| i:uit a:c vcgcta|lcs w|ic| |as
iulicatio:s io: cictli:|cc ciscascs
o
. ku:al |ousi:g
ciiiicultics associatcc wit| t|c liuitcc sul, oi low cost
|ousi:g a:c t|c oo:c: qualit, oi |ousi:g i: :u:al a:cas
;cscciall, i: :clatio: to cau:css, ua, |c associatcc wit|
|ouclcss:css, ast|ua a:c :csi:ato:, i:icctio:, a:c cc:tai:
ot|c: i:icctio:s suc| as tu|c:culosis
o
. u:culo,uc:t is
|ig|c: i: :u:al a:cas a:c li:|cc wit| liuitcc culo,uc:t
oo:tu:itics, scaso:al a:c a:ttiuc wo:|, low wagcs,
cccli:c i: ag:icultu:al la|ou: io:cc, a:c wo:|:clatcc st:css
a:c :is|s
1o
.
ouc villagcs |avc a uccical iacilit, availa|lc |ut icw cocto:s
a:c willi:g to accct osts i: t|csc :u:al |ositals
!,.,o
. Docto:s
w|o co wo:| wit| :u:al atic:ts ua, |c :oicssio:all,
isolatcc a:c lac| t|c oo:tu:it, io: co:ti:ui:g ccucatio:.
Governmen: polcy response
l: t|c c:ioc 1-.1!000, usi:g a sc:ics oi iivc,ca: la:s to
ciicct |calt| sccto: :cio:u, t|c l:cia: Govc::uc:t
csta|lis|cc a :uu|c: oi suall |ositals a:c cisc:sa:ics i:
suall :u:al villagcs ;Ia|lc 1,
1!,.
. lowcvc:, t|c oc:atio: oi
t|csc |ositals was cou:ouiscc |, t|c lac| oi uccical
staii
1,!
. l, t|c Ic:t| lla: ;1--.!000, ua:owc: still icll
s|o:t oi w|at was sa:ctio:cc a:c :cqui:cc ;Ia|lc !,
1!
.
1olcy snor:jolls
l: l:cia, i:tc:actio: auo:g couo:c:ts oi t|c |calt|ca:c
s,stcu |as |cc: su|otiual. I|c:c a:c :o wcll o:ga:izcc
:cic::al li:|agcs |ctwcc: :iua:,, scco:ca:, a:c tc:tia:,
ca:c i:stitutio:s
!,.
. Gas c:sist i: ua:owc: a:c
i:i:ast:uctu:c iu:ctio: i: t|c govc::uc:t sccto:, cscciall,
at t|c :iua:, |calt|ca:c lcvcl i: :cuotc, :u:al uai:l, |ill,
a:cas w|c:c t:i|al colc livc i: t|c io:csts, a:c i: u:|a:
sluu a:cas w|c:c |calt|ca:c :cccs a:c g:catcst
1
. I|c :cic::al
st:uctu:c is oo:, as is t|c coo:ci:atio: oi govc::uc:t,
volu:ta:, a:c :ivatc sccto: sc:viccs
!,!
.
Auo:g t|c lct|o:a oi |ositals t|c:c a:c uassivc i:tc:statc,
i:tc:cist:ict, u:|a::u:al ciiic:c:ccs i: a:o:iatc
ua:agcuc:t a:c cist:i|utio: oi ua:owc:, ciag:ostic a:c
t|c:acutic sc:viccs, a:c |a:uaccuticals
1
. I|c availa|ilit,
a:c utilisatio: oi sc:viccs a:c oo:cst i: t|c uost :ccc,
:cuotc :u:al a:cas i: cist:icts o: statcs
!,.
.
lssuc
i..e!ee., is t|c :cuotc cctcctio: a:c
ucasu:cuc:t oi a co:citio:, activit,, o: iu:ctio:
:clati:g to a ua: o: a:iual.
1e!e|eo!| is t|c :occss oi tclcuctc:i:g a:c
co:t:olli:g |calt| :clatcc cata.
1e!ee1...-e is t|c tclc:csc:cc oi uccical cxc:ts
wit| t|c a|ilit, to act a:c i:tc:act i: a: oiisitc
c:vi:o:uc:t |, ua|i:g usc oi vi:tual :calit,
tcc|:olog,. Iclcuccici:c :ccuccs t|c cost oi
uccical :acticc a:c |:i:gs cxc:tisc i:to :cuotc
a:cas

.
Acva:ccc tcc|:ologics |avc |cc: ccvclocc to cliui:atc t|c
|a::ic:s oi cista:cc a:c toog:a|,. Iclc|calt| :og:aus
|avc |cc: io:uulatcc i: ua:, cou:t:ics
1!0
. l: t|c uA,
lu:oc, Aust:alia, a:aca a:c ot|c: cou:t:ics, succcssiul
|iotclcuct:, :og:aus, o: o|tai:i:g |iological i:io:uatio: at
a cista:cc, |avc |cc: iulcuc:tcc
.,o
. A:al,tic su:vc,s o:
tclcuccici:c a:c cocto:atic:t couuu:icatio:, uscs oi
tclcuct:, i: |calt| ca:c, cli:ical tclcuct:, a:c atic:t
uo:ito:i:g, tclc:aciolog,, tclcsu:gc:,, iula:t |iotclcuct:,
a:c tclcuct:, oi uccical sig:als |avc |cc: cctailcc |,
va:ious :csca:c|c:s
-1.
. uc| tcc|:ological ccvclouc:ts |avc
assistcc |calt| ca:c i: :u:al l:cia
.,o
.
K Singh, 2005. A licence to publish this material has been given to ARHEN http://rrh.deakin.edu.au/ 3
1abie 1: Progress in estabiishing heaithcare centers in Indian rurai areas (19s1-2000j
Heaith reorm year Heaith aciiity
19s1 1981 2000
lll !. . !o! 1o! 11
Disc:sa:ics |ositals -!0- !! ... +! !!!
lccs ;:ivatc u|lic, 11 1- .o- +-. 0 1o1
Docto:s 1 0.+ 1+! ! 000
:u:si:g c:so::cl o1 00 !o 00 .0! -00
l, ouuu:it, |calt|ca:c, ll, :iua:, |calt|ca:c, , scco:ca:, |calt|ca:c.
ou:cc. :cis 1!.
1abie 2: Heaithcare during the 1enth Pian (199s-2000j: heaith manpover in primary heaithcare centres
sta positions Required
ciinicians
sanctioned
ciinicians
In-piace
ciinicians
(servingj
Gap,
required
& in-piace
Gap,
sanctioned
& in-piace
Docto:s i: ll !. oo! !- 0! !! .0o !1. 1-o
ccialists i: l !! !+ o.- !+1 1 o0 !!
:u:si:g staii i: 1!+ 10 .0+ ! !! o0 1 1+ 1
la|. tcc|:icia:s i: ll ! -!o 1. o. 1! 0- 1. !! !1.o
ccialists i: ll !100
, :ot availa|lc.
l, ouuu:it, |calt|ca:c, ll, :iua:, |calt|ca:c, ll, :ivatc a:c u|lic cc:t:cs, , scco:ca:, ca:c.
ou:cc. :cis 1!, ..
Iclc|calt| oiic:s a solutio: to t|c :o|lcus oi |calt| ca:c i:
:u:al a:c :cuotc l:cia w|c:c t|c:c a:c al:cac, ua:,
tclc|calt| :og:aus oc:ati:g
.,o,
. lxisti:g
tclccouuu:icatio: s,stcus a:c |ci:g uscc to t:a:suit cli:ical
cata i:ou :cuotc a:cas to ua|o: |ositals, a:c to t:a:suit
a:c :cccivc sccialist acvicc o: co:sultatio:
1!,1.
.
kaciotclcuct:, as wcll as t|c usc oi satcllitc a:c i:tc::ct
uccia a:c |ci:g uscc succcssiull, i: souc a:cas
1,!,1o
.
Wo:lc la:| loa:s |avc |cc: uscc i: l:cia to i:itiatc :o|ccts
to |uilc u cist:ict |ositals. Du:i:g t|c Ic:t| lla: it was
:csolvcc t|at otiual usc woulc |c uacc oi iacilitics availa|lc
i: tc:tia:, ca:c i:stitutio:s, a:c t|at t|c qualit, oi sc:viccs i:
a:c st:c:gt| oi li:|agcs wit| scco:ca:, ca:c i:stitutio:s
woulc |c c:|a:ccc. liio:ts a:c cu::c:tl, u:cc: wa, io: t|c
ccvclouc:t oi a:o:iatc twowa, :cic::al s,stcu utilizi:g
lI tools to iu:ovc couuu:icatio:, co:sultatio: a:c :cic::al
:ig|t i:ou :iua:, ca:c to tc:tia:, ca:c lcvcls.
l:tcg:atio: oi all asccts oi cu::c:t |calt|ca:c :og:aus
:cqui:cs a :og:cssivc co:vc:gc:cc oi iu:ci:g,
iulcuc:tatio: a:c uo:ito:i:g oi all |calt| a:c iauil,
wclia:c :og:aus u:cc: a si:glc iiclc oi acui:ist:atio:
|cgi::i:g at a:c |clow cist:ict lcvcl. Io t|is c:c, tclc
K Singh, 2005. A licence to publish this material has been given to ARHEN http://rrh.deakin.edu.au/ 4
li:|agcs uust still |c |uilt auo:g villagcs, su|cc:t:cs, a:c
:iua:, |calt|ca:c cc:t:cs. l: accitio:, li:|s i:ou :cuotc
a:cas uust |c uacc wit| scco:ca:, |calt|ca:c cc:t:cs,
cist:ict a:c tc:tia:, ca:c cc:t:cs, a:c ua|o: suc:sccialt,
i:stitutio:s i: ot|c: :cgio:s.
+Jvon:oqes oj rnrol :elemeJcne
I|c acva:tagcs oi t|c usc oi tclcuccici:c i:clucc iu:ovi:g
ca:c io: :u:al atic:ts a:c :ccuci:g :oicssio:al isolatio: oi
|calt|ca:c :oicssio:als.
l:ovici:g |calt|ca:c sc:viccs via |iotclcuctc:, ua|cs
sccialt, ca:c uo:c acccssi|lc. Vicco co:sultatio:s i:ou a
:u:al cli:ic to a sccialist ca: allcviatc :o|i|itivc t:avcl a:c
associatcc costs io: atic:ts. I|c cxisti:g :o|lcus oi
i:suiiicic:t |,sicia:s will |c cascc |, oiic:i:g ciag:ostic
co:sultatio:s at a cista:cc, a:c will iacilitatc acccss to cista:t
collcagucs. l: t|is wa,, cxc:t acvicc will |c :cacil, availa|lc
to assist local |calt| :oicssio:als. ku:al tclcuccici:c will
also :ovicc t:ai:i:g oo:tu:itics io: isolatcc o: :u:al |calt|
:actitio:c:s. I|c |uilci:g oi a tclccouuu:icatio:s
i:i:ast:uctu:c :csc:ts a vc|iclc io: a ciscasc su:vcilla:cc a:c
:cso:sc at t|c cist:ict, statc a:c :atio:al lcvcl.
DsoJvon:oqes oj rnrol :elemeJcne
Auo:g t|c cisacva:tagcs oi tclcuccici:c a:c i:c:cascc
cxcctatio:s oi |calt| ca:c, |,sicia: licc:si:g issucs,
:csista:cc to t|c tcc|:olog,, a:c t|c costs associatcc wit|
i:stallatio:.
Iclcuccici:c wicc:s t|c scct:uu oi ossi|lc i:tc:vc:tio:s
a:c i:c:cascs sc:vicc awa:c:css a:c cxcctatio:s oi t|c
oulatio:. lowcvc: t|c cscalati:g cost oi |calt| ca:c is
wicc:i:g t|c ga |ctwcc: w|at is ossi|lc a:c w|at t|c
i:civicual o: t|c cou:t:, ca: aiio:c
11
.
lo: a: alll:cia tclcuccici:c s,stcu to |c succcssiul, statc
licc:si:g oi |,sicia:s, wit| t|c iuossi|ilit, oi all sccialists
|ci:g :cgistc:cc i: at lcast !0 statcs i: o:cc: to t:cat atic:ts
l:ciawicc, :cqui:cs lcgislativc :cio:u |, t|c l:cia:
Govc::uc:t.
u:til t|c:c is wiccs:cac acccta:cc oi t|c tcc|:olog,,
atic:t a:c |,sicia: :csista:cc ua, |c cx:csscc i: ica: oi
ual:acticc suits cuc to lac| oi '|a:cso:' i:tc:actio: wit|
atic:ts.
Auo:g |a::ic:s to t|c :acticc oi tclcuccici:c, t|c cost oi
i:stallatio:, i:cluci:g |a:cwa:c a:c i:i:ast:uctu:c, is t|c
g:catcst. Io ovc:couc t|is, i:stallatio: s|oulc |c stagcc.
:cc t|c s,stcu is i:stallcc, t|c cost oi oc:atio: is low i:
tc:us oi o:goi:g i:ut, ua:owc: a:c caital costs.
lcalt|ca:c ua, |c li:|cc i:to al:cac, ccvclocc
i:i:ast:uctu:c. l: tc:us oi a :ccuctio: oi uo:|icit, a:c
uo:talit, oi t|osc livi:g i: :u:al l:cia, t|c costsavi:g woulc
|c |ig|
1+
.
\a:, otc:tial tclcuccici:c :o|ccts |avc |cc: |auc:cc |,
t|c lac| oi a:o:iatc tclccouuu:icatio:s tcc|:olog,.
kcgula: tclc|o:c li:cs co :ot sul, accquatc |a:cwict|
io: uost tclcuccical alicatio:s, a:c icw :u:al a:cas |avc
t|c ca|lc wi:i:g :cqui:cc io: tclcuccici:c. lowcvc:, :ivatc
co:o:atio:s, tclccouuu:icatio:s coua:ics a:c tcc|:olog,
ua:uiactu:c:s ua, :ocucc t|c lowcost cquiuc:t a:c
|a:cwict| io: tclci:tc::ct usagc u:cc: t|c ausiccs oi
co:o:atc |ila:t|:o,. :cc a tclcuccici:c s,stcu is i:
lacc, a :acical c|a:gc is io:ccast a:c t:a:sitio: i:ou t|c
cu::c:t g:a:t a:c scliiu:ccc :o|ccts, to a ua|o: scli
sustai:i:g i:cust:, wit|i: t|c |calt|ca:c iiclc

.
lcsso:s
A: ovc:vicw oi |calt| :clatcc :o|lcus i: :u:al l:cia |as
|cc: givc: wit| t|c ossi|lc solutio: oi |iotclcuct:,. l: li:c
wit| t|c cu::c:t i:tc::atio:al cc|atc
!0
o: t|c costa:al,sis oi
suc| a: a:oac|, t|c i:itial costs io: a:, |iotclcuct:,
:og:au ua, |c :o|i|itivcl, |ig|. lowcvc: t|is uust |c sct
agai:st t|c lo:gtc:u acva:tagcs oi iu:ovcc |calt| ca:c i:
:u:al l:cia.
K Singh, 2005. A licence to publish this material has been given to ARHEN http://rrh.deakin.edu.au/ 5
lowcvc:, :csca:c| qucstio:s :cuai:, auo:g t|cu.
W|at is t|c cost oi sctti:g u a tclcuct:, li:|
|ctwcc: a si:glc villagc a:c a: u:|a: |osital
Woulc |cttc: usc oi suc| iu:cs |c to i:c:casc t|c
a, oi :u:al |calt| :oicssio:als, a:c so ua|c a :u:al
osti:g uo:c att:activc
low uuc| will it cost to uai:tai: t|c li:|s
A:c t|c:c tcc|:icia:s caa|lc oi uai:tai:i:g t|c
s,stcu
W|ic| asccts oi uccical ca:c will s|ow a
ucasu:a|lc iu:ovcuc:t i: |calt|ca:c status io: t|c
:u:al oulatio:
Will |calt| i:cicato:s ;acccss to clca: watc:, acccss
to |cttc: |ousi:g, cc:tal ca:c, suicicc :cvc:tio:,
:cvc:tio: oi su|sta:cc a|usc, :cvc:tio: oi sousal
a|usc ctc, |c iu:ovcc |, tclcuccici:c Woulc it
|c |cttc: to :ovicc t:ai:i:g a:c culo,uc:t io:
:u:al i:civicuals al:cac, :csicc:t i: t|c villagc w|o
coulc al, t|ci: t:ai:i:g io: colc t|c, |:ow wcll
a:c w|osc la:guagc t|c, u:cc:sta:c
kcic:c:ccs
1. G|os| . i-..o..- o-1 ..o-..o..- e.|-.!..e. lu:u|s|ct:a
;l:cia, !001, :ov. !o.
!. D|a||a ll, \a:: . i-..o..- e.|-.!.,. o- e-.-ee..-
o..o.| .- .o-e. . e.|-.!.,. lu:u|s|ct:a ;l:cia, !00!, Dcc. 1
!!.
!. a:golc . l:iua:, |calt| ca:c i: cisacva:tagcc u:|a: a:cas.
i!.,e- :e (:e e!|.), !00!, 28;1,. -.
+. \is|:a :, lal . Dcvclouc:t oi :u:al i:i:ast:uctu:c wit|
sccial :cic:c:cc to tclccouuu:icatio:. xo.o||e.o !00!, May:
!!!.
.. kauac|a:c:a: l. lcalt| ca:c cu:i:g t|c tc:t| la:. i!.,e-
:e (:e e!|.), !00!, 21;+!,. o,.
o. |auc|a:, Il. Iclccouuu:icatio:i: t|c tc:t| la:. i..-...o!
t.!...o! Pee|!,, !001, 1o;!+,, 1o.
. lu::ow \. A tclcuccici:c tcstcc io: ccvcloi:g a:c cvaluati:g
tclc:o|otic tools io: :u:al |calt| ca:c. l:.
:o lcs
Me1...-e Mee ..oo!
reo!., ii. i-e.o..e 1e.|-.!., o-1 ueo!|.o.e, ...-o., +!..o..-
.. :.o!o..- .oo!..o..- r./.... a: Dicgo. Alig:cc
\a:agcuc:t, 1--+. 1.1.
. Govc::uc:t oi l:cia, Dca:tuc:t oi acc. kco:t A::ual
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