INTRODUCTION TO SPSS

B cc bi trnh by
Tng quan v SPSS Cch m ha, nhp v chnh sa d liu Mt s cu lnh bin i d liu Mt s php phn tch c bn v cch c kt qu V biu

I. Tng quan v SPSS

SPSS l g? ng dng ca SPSS Cch m, to v lu file SPSS Ca s Variable View, Data View

SPSS l g?
SPSS l tn vit tt ca Statistical Product and Service Solutions Nm 1968, Norman H. Nie, C. Hadlai (Tex) Hull v Dale H. Bent pht trin SPSS Hin nay, SPSS l mt trong nhng phn mm phn tch s liu ph bin v mnh nht vi trn 250.000 khch hng trn ton th gii

1.2. ng dng ca SPSS

SPSS gip lu tr v qun l d liu SPSS l cng c hu hiu thc hin phn tch cc s liu trong khoa hc x hi, khoa hc t nhin v kinh t. SPSS c th c c cc file d liu dng .xls, .txt, .dat,

1.3. Cch m, to v lu file SPSS

M file SPSS: File Open Data To file SPSS: File Open New Data Lu file SPSS: File Save as

1.4. Ca s Variable View, Data View Ca s Variable View:

S dng ca s Variable View: Chn Variable View tab Biu din cc thng tin v bin nh tn bin, dng bin, cc gi tr, thang o Dng m ha bin Cc dng l cc bin s Cc ct l cc thuc tnh ca bin s: v d: tn bin, nhn bin, kiu d liu C th chnh sa trc tip vo ca s ny

1.4. Ca s Variable View, Data View

Ca s Data View:
S dng ca s Data View: Chn Data View tab Biu din d liu Dng nhp, chnh sa d liu Cc dng l cc trng hp. Mi dng th hin s liu ca mt quan st hay mt bng hi Cc ct l cc bin s. Mi dng th hin mt bin s hay mt c im c o lng Cc l cc gi tr. Mi cha mt gi tr ca mt bin s ca mt quan st C th chnh sa trc tip vo ca s ny

1.5. Thanh Menu Bar

File: thc hin cc chc nng vi file nh m, c, lu file, Edit: thc hin cc chc nng chnh sa file: copy, paste, tm kim v thay th View: c th thay i hnh thc hin th ca d liu. Chc nng ph bin nht l Value Labels Data: cc chc nng nh dng, nhp d liu: sp xp, trn, t iu kin Transform: thay i dng d liu c sn bng lnh m ha li bin, tnh ton, Analyze: thc hin tt c cc php phn tch i vi cc bin s Graphs: v biu Help: Tr gip

II. Cch m ha, nhp v chnh sa d liu

2.1. Cc loi cu hi
C nhiu tiu ch phn chia cc loi cu hi Mt s dng cu hi cn ch khi s dng SPSS:
Cu hi ng: cu hi c cho sn phng n tr li
Cu hi la chn: ch c chn 1 phng n tr li duy nht Cu hi ty chn: c chn nhiu phng n tr li

Cu hi m: cho php ngi tr li t do cung cp thng tin

Cch m ha mt s loi cu hi
i vi cu hi la chn: m ha thnh mt bin vi nhiu phng n tr li (gi tr) i vi cu hi ty chn: m ha mi la chn thnh tng bin (tng cu hi nh) vi cc gi tr cho sn i vi cu hi m: m ha thnh bin trong phng n tr li do ngi nhp ghi theo bng hi

2.2. M ha bng hi
Bng hi c m ha vo ca s Variable View Khi m ha bng hi cn ch cc yu t sau:
t tn bin (Name) Kiu d liu (Type) di (Width) Phn thp phn (Decimals) Nhn bin (Label) Gi tr (Values) Gi tr khuyt thiu (Missing) Thang o (Measure)

t tn bin (Name)
Tn bin c nhp trc tip vo Name ca s Variable View

Cc yu cu ca tn bin:
Khng qu 64 k t Tn bin phi bt u bng mt ch ci, cc k t sau c th l bt k ch s t nhin, s La M, du chm, hoc cc k t c bit nh @, $, _ , # Khng c du cch hoc cc k t c bit (? ! v *) trong tn bin

Cc yu cu ca tn bin
Tn bin khng c php trng lp Tn bin khng c kt thc bng du chm cu Tn bin khng nn kt thc bng du gch di Tn bin c th dng ch hoa hoc ch thng hoc c hai ty theo mc ch ca ngi s dng Tn bin thng c t theo s cu trong bng hi

Cc kiu d liu (Type)

Cc kiu d liu c bn:
D liu kiu s (numeric):
S dng cc s m Xut hin trong cc cu hi ng v cc cu hi m dng bin lin tc

D liu kiu ch (string):

S dng cc ch ci Thng xut hin trong cu hi m v kin ca ngi tr li Cc kiu d liu khc: s thp phn, ngy thng,

Tt c cc bin u c gi nh l d liu kiu s. Ngi s dng c th vo Type thay i kiu d liu

 di ca bin v phn thp phn

di ca bin (Width):
Quy nh di ca cc bin s c php nhp vo file SPSS. Ty thuc vo di ca bin s m t width cho ph hp

Phn thp phn (Decimals):

Quy nh phn thp phn c nhp vo file SPSS Phn thp phn c mc nh l 2 (0,00) i vi cc bin dng ch, phn thp phn c mc nh l 0

Nhn bin (Label)

C th ha thng tin v bin s c nhp trc tip vo ca s Variable View C th g khng du hoc g ting Vit di: ti a l 256 k t Nhn bin c th s dng du cch v mt s k t c bit khng c s dng tn bin Cc quy tc t nhn bin:
Tm tt ngn gn, y ni dung cu hi La chn nhng t kha quan trng

Gi tr (Values)
Dng m t cc gi tr ca bin s (cc phng n tr li ca cu hi) di tn gi tr khng qu 60 k t Khng th t gi tr cho nhng bin kiu ch di hn 8 k t

Gi tr khuyt thiu (Missing)

Missing l cc gi tr khuyt thiu trong bng hi Cc loi missing: 2 loi
Missing system:
L missing do cc bc nhy trong bng hi hoc do ngi c hi khng tr li Khi nhp s liu, missing h thng thng c b trng

Missing user define:

L missing ngi iu tra t t do phng n tr li ca ngi tr li khng ph hp vi thng tin m ngi iu tra mong mun c gn cho mt gi tr no .

Gi tr khuyt thiu (Missing)

Missing c th l bt k gi tr no do ngi s dng t t i vi cc bin lin tc, missing thng c gn gi tr m hoc b trng. V d: tui, thu nhp, Khng th gn gi tr missing cho d liu kiu ch di hn 8 k t C th quy nh ti a 3 gi tr missing c lp cho mt bin s

Gi tr khuyt thiu (Missing)

i vi cc d liu kiu s: c th quy nh gi tr missing trong mt khong gi tr no i vi d liu kiu ch khng qu 8 k t, tt c cc ch hoc cc trng u c coi l c gi tr nu khng nh ngha l gi tr missing. nh ngha l gi tr missing, g mt du cch (a single pace) trong bt k no Discrete missing values

Cc loi thang o (Measure)

C 4 loi thang o c bn: thang nh danh, thang khong, thang th bc, thang t l Trong SPSS: c 3 loi thang o: thang nh danh, thang th bc, thang t l (thang khong + thang t l)

Cc loi thang o trong SPSS

Thang t l:
Cc gi tr c sp xp theo mt trt t th bc Cc gi tr phi l cc ch s theo dng khong hoc dng t l V d: tui, thu nhp,

Thang th bc:
Cc gi tr c sp xp theo mt trt t th bc V d: Cao Trung bnh - Thp C th s dng cc bin dng ch hoc dng s cho thang th bc nhng d liu dng s c dng ph bin hn. i vi cc thang th bc dng ch, trt t cc ch ci c gi nh l phn nh mt trt t gia cc hng

Thang nh danh:
Cc gi tr ca thang khng th hin trt t th bc V d: 1 = nam; 2 = n C th s dng d liu dng s hoc dng ch

Mt s nguyn tc chn la thang o trong SPSS

D liu kiu ch c xp vo thang nh danh D liu kiu ch hoc kiu s c gn sn cho gi tr c xp vo thang th bc Bin lin tc c t hn 24 s hng c xp vo thang th bc Bin lin tc c nhiu hn 24 s hng c xp vo thang t l (24 s hng ny l mc nh nhng vn c th thay i ty theo ch ca ngi s dng: Edit Option Interative)

3. Cch nhp v chnh sa d liu

Cch nhp d liu:
Chn ca s Data View D liu c nhp trc tip vo ca s Data View S dng Value Labels: xem gi tr khi nhp

Chnh sa d liu nhp sai:

Sa trc tip vo cha gi tr nhp sai ti ca s Data View

Chn thm bin, trng

Chn bin mi: chn Insert Variable Data Insert Variable Chn thm trng: chn Insert Cases Data Insert Cases

Bi tp 1
M ha bng hi stock Chn thm bin, trng

III. MT S PHP BIN I D LIU

3.1. Sort Cases

Tc dng: dng sp xp cc gi tr ca mt bin theo trt t tng hoc gim Cu lnh: Data Sort Cases

3.2. Merge Files

Tc dng: ni cc file SPSS thnh mt file tng hp C 2 cch: ni thm trng (cases) hoc ni thm bin (variables). Yu cu:
Ni thm bin, gia cc file cn c mt bin chung v bin ny phi c sort theo cng mt trt t Ni thm trng: cc file phi chung bng m ha

Cu lnh: Data Merge Files

Bi tp
Merge cases Merge variables