PHN 2: HYDRO CLORUA, AXIT CLOHIDRIC V MUI CLORUA A KIN THC CN NH: I.HYDRO CLORUA: 1.

.Cu to phn t: -Cng thc phn t : HCl -Cng thc elect on

: : H : Cl ..
..

-Cng thc cu to : H-Cl !."#nh cht: -H$% o clo u& 'HCl( l) cht *h# *hng +)u, +-$ ./c, n0ng h1n *hng *h# 'd234,5!671,!4(. -" ong *hng *h# 8+ n9 to th)nh c:c ht nh; nh< =<1ng +-. H$% o clo u& h9& l;ng > ?@5,1AC B) h9& Cn > ?11D,!AC. -H$% o clo u& t %Ec, nFng %E cho phGp cH& h$% o clo u& t ong *hng *h# l) A,AA5 mgIl. -*h# h$% o clo u& t&n nh$Ju t ong n<Kc to th)nh Lung LMch &.$t. N AAC, +Et thO t#ch n<Kc hP& t&n %<Qc gRn 5AA thO t#ch *h# HCl. Dung LMch thu %<Qc gS$ l) Lung LMch axit clohiric. II.ATI" CLOHIDRIC: 1."#nh cht BUt l#: -Dung LMch &.$t cloh$% $c %0c l) +Et cht l;ng *hng +)u, +-$ ./c, VW/c *h9$V t ong *hng *h# 8+. N !AAC, Lung LMch HCl %0c nht c9 nFng %E 3XY B) c9 *h/$ l<Qng $Zng 1,16 gIml. [h$ %un n9ng Lung LMch &.$t cloh$% $c %0c, %Ru t$Zn h$% o clo u& W&\ & c-ng BK$ l<Qng nh; h1$ n<Kc. ]^n *h$ nFng %E Lung LMch cPn !A,!Y th_ HCl B) n<Kc to th)nh h`n hQp %ang ph#, =$ > 11AAC. ! ."#nh cht h9& hSc: &."#nh &.$t: A.$t cloh$% $c l) &.$t +nh c9 %R\ %H t#nh cht cH& +Et &.$t - L)+ %; g$\ buc. - ":c Ldng BK$ W&e1 : HCl + NH3 NH 4OH
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O - ":c Ldng BK$ o.$t W&e1 :

2HCl + CuO CuCl 2 + H2O

- ":c Ldng BK$ +u/$ : CaCO3 + HCl CaCl 2 + CO2 + H2O - ":c Ldng BK$ *$+ lo$ :

Fe +HCl FeCl 2 +H2

W."#nh *h cH& HCl : BK$ c:c cht o.$ ho: +nh :
+6 1 0 +4 1 0 +2

H Cl : clo c9 =/ o.$ ho: -1fthO h$gn t#nh *h *h$ t:c Ldng

K 2 Cr2 O7 + 14H Cl 3Cl 2 + 2KCl + 2CrCl 3 + 7H2O
+3

MnO2 + 4HCl Cl 2 + MnCl 2 + 2H2O 3.]$Ju ch^: a. Tr !" #$%!" &$' !"$()* Cho h&Cl Cn t:c Ldng BK$ &.$t =uniu $c %U+ %0c: h&CljH!kODfh&HkODjHCl !h&CljH!kODfh&!kODj!HCl lhmn ng th nht .m\ & > nh$gt %E th<nng ho0c %un n9ng *hng bu: !5AAC, phmn ng th h&$ .m\ & > nh$gt %E c&o h1n DAAAC. HP& t&n *h# HCl B)o n<Kc ct, t& %<Qc Lung LMch &.$t cloh$% $c. W.Tr !" +,!" !"$()# - " ong cng ngh$gp, ng<n$ t& cong =mn .ut &.$t cloh$% $c tp NaCl B) H!SOD %0c. lh<1ng ph:p n)\ gS$ l) ph<1ng ph:p =uni&t. -]O thu %<Qc HCl t$nh *h$^t, ng<n$ t& =mn .ut HCl Wqng ph<1ng ph:p trng hQp tp h$% o B) clo 'thu %<Qc *h$ %$gn phn Lung LMch NaCl c9 +)ng ngsn(. -hg)\ n&\, +Et l<Qng lKn HCl thu %<Qc t ong cng ngh$gp tp bu: t _nh clo h9& cc cht hu c'chH \^u l) c:c h$% oc&cWon(. III- tUuI CLORUA vw hHxh yIz" IOh CLORUA 1. tu/$ c. r/a tu/$ clo u& l) +u/$ cH& &.$t cloh$% $c. ]& =/ +u/$ clo u& L{ t&n t ong n<Kc, +Et B)$ +<K$ clo u& hRu nh< *hng t&n, %9 l) AgCl, PbCl!, CuCl, HgCl! ' $Zng PbCl! t&n *h: nh$Ju t ong n<Kc n9ng(. tEt =/ +u/$ clo u& L{ W&\ h1$ > nh$gt %E c&o nh< %Fng 'II( clo u&, =Ct 'III( clo u&, th$^c 'Iv( clo u&,... hh$Ju +u/$ clo u& c9 ng Ldng bu&n t Sng. h&t $ clo u& L-ng l)+ +u/$ sn B) ngu\Zn l$gu =mn .ut cho clo, n&t $ h$% o.$t, &.$t cloh$% $c. [&l$ clo u& L-ng l)+

phn W9n. [|+ clo u& L-ng %O ch/ng +dc g` B) W$ lZn WJ +0t *$+ lo$ t <Kc *h$ h)n B_ n9 c9 t:c Ldng t8\ g}, l)+ chCc +/$ h)n. hh+ clo u& l) cht .~c t:c bu&n t Sng t ong trng hQp hu c1, W& $ clo u& L-ng %O t p =u Wgnh t ong nng ngh$gp,... !. hhUn W$^t $on clo u& hh; B)$ g$St Lung LMch AgNO3 B)o Lung LMch +u/$ clo u& ho0c Lung LMch HCl, t& th\ .ut h$gn *^t tH& +)u t Cng *hng t&n t ong c:c &.$t +nh: AgNO3jNaClfAgCljNaNO3 AgNO3jHClfAgCljHNO3 Dung LMch AgNO3 l) thu/c th %O nhUn W$^t $on clo u& c9 t ong Lung LMch +u/$ clo u& ho0c Lung LMch &.$t HCl. 0.0I T1P: I."RC hHIt: C2/ 3: "hO t#ch Lung LMch HCl A,Dt cRn L-ng %O t ung hP& h^t !AA +l Lung LMch h&OH A,3t l): A. 15A +l. y. !5A +l. C. !AA +l. D. 1AA +l. C2/ 2: CRn L-ng W&o nh$Zu g&+ tg t:c Ldng ho)n to)n BK$ LL HCl L< thu %<Qc !,!D l#t *h# H! %*tc A. !,D g y. !D g C. D,@ g D. D@ g C2/ 4: ]r LL ch& 1 g Hy B)o LL ch& 1 g h&OH. hh~ng g$\ buc t#+ B)o LL thu %<Qc th_ buc t#+ chu\On =&ng +)u A. t)u %; y. [hng %r$ +)u C. t)u .&nh D. [hng .:c %Mnh %<Qc. C2/ 5: Cho h`n hQp gF+ 5,D g Al B) 3,! g Cu, t:c Ldng BK$ LL HCl L<. "hO t#ch *h# thu %<Qc > %*tc l) : A. D,D@ l#t y. 3,34 l#t C. @,64 l#t D. 4,X! l#t C2/ 6: D\ cht n)o L<K$ %\ gF+ c:c cht %Ju t:c Ldng BK$ Lung LMch HCl A. e!O3, [tnOD, Cu. y. e, CuO, y&'OH(!. C. C&CO3, H!kOD, tg'OH(!. D. Ag'hO3(, tgCO3, y&kOD. C2/ 7: [$+ lo$ n)o =&u %\ t:c Ldng BK$ LL HCl long B) t:c Ldng BK$ *h# clo cho c-ng lo$ +u/$ clo u& *$+ lo$ A. e y. n C. Cu D. Ag C2/ 8: Cho A,D@ g&+ +Et *$+ lo$ T c9 h9& t M II, t:c Ldng BK$ LL HCl L< thu %<Qc DD@ +l *h# '%*tc(. [$+ lo$ T l) : A. tg y. n C. e D. C& C2/ 9: Cho & g&+ [tnOD t:c Ldng ho)n to)n BK$ LL HCl %0c, L< thu %<Qc 5,4 l#t *h# > %*tc. $: t M & l): A. 15,@ g y. 1A,5@ g C. !A,54 g D. 1@,64 g

C2/ :: lhmn ng h9& hSc chng t; qng HCl c9 t#nh *h l) : A. !HCl j CuO CuCl! j H!O y. !HCl j n nCl! j H! C. ! HCl jtg'OH(! tgCl! j !H!O D.DHCl j tnO! tnCl! j Cl! j !H!O C2/ 3;: [h$ cho &.$t =uniu $c %U+ %0c t:c Ldng BK$ h&Cl Cn, *h# =$nh & =&u phmn ng l) : A. HCl y. H!k C. Cl! D. kO! C2/ 33: Cho !4,5 g&+ h&!CO3 B)o !AA +l LL HCl 1t, =&u phmn ng thO t#ch *h# CO! thu %<Qc > %*tc l) : A. !,@D l#t y. 3,34 l#t C. !,!D l#t D. !,4@ l#t C2/ 32:'"k]HC]A-!AAX(: HP& to)n !,@1 g&+ hh gF+ e!O3, tgO, nO t ong 5AA+l LL HCl A,!t 'Bp& %H(. k&u phmn ng, hh +u/$ clo u& thu %<Qc *h$ c cn LL c9 *h/$ l<Qng l): A. 3,54 g&+ 0. D,54 g&+ C. 5,54 g&+ D. 4,54 g&+ C2/ 34:'"k]HC]A-!AA@(: ]O hP& t&n ho)n to)n !,3! g&+ hh gF+ eO, e 3OD, e!O3 't ong %9 =/ +ol eO Wqng =/ +ol e !O3(, cRn Bp& %H v l$t LL HCl 1t. $: t M cH& v l):A. A,A@ 0. A,14 C. A,1@ D. A,!3 C2/ 35: Ho) t&n ho)n to)n 1,D5g h`n hQp 3 *$+ lo$ n, tg, e B)o Lung LMch HCl L< thu %<Qc A,@64 l#t H! '%*tc(. C cn Lung LMch t& %<Qc + 'g( +u/$ *h&n. $: t M cH& + l): A. D,!6 g y. !,@X g C. 3,16 g D. 3,@X g C2/ 36: Cho !A g&+ h`n hQp +Et =/ +u/$ c&cWon&t t:c Ldng h^t BK$ Lung LMch HCl L< thu %<Qc 1,3DD l#t *h# CO! '%*tc( B) Lung LMch A, c cn Lung LMch A thu %<Qc + g&+ +u/$ *h&n. $: t M cH& + l): A. 1A,33 g&+ 0. 3A g&+ C. !5,3! g&+ D. !A,44 g&+ C2/ 37: Cho +Et l<Qng L< Lung LMch AghO3 t:c Ldng BK$ 1AA +l Lung LMch ch& h`n hQp h& A,A5t B) h&Cl A,!t . [h/$ l<Qng *^t tH& thu %<Qc l) : A. !,45g 0. !,X!g C. !,@Xg D. !,63g C2/ 38: HP& t&n 6,1Dg hQp *$+ Cu, tg, Al Wqng +Et l<Qng Bp& %H Lung LMch HCl thu %<Qc X,@D l#t *h# T '%*tc( B) !,5Dg cht Cn Y B) Lung LMch . C cn Lung LMch thu %<Qc +'g( +u/$, + c9 g$: t M l): A. 31,D5g y. 33,!5g C. 3,66g D. 35,5@g C2/ 39: ( thi !i h"c #h$i %-&''() h^u cho 1 +ol +`$ cht: C&OCl!, [tnOD, [!C !OX, tnO! lRn l<Qt phmn ng BK$ l<Qng L< Lung LMch HCl %0c, cht to & l<Qng *h# Cl! nh$Ju nht l) A. [tnOD. y. [!C !OX. C. C&OCl!. D. tnO!

C2/ 3:: ( thi !i h"c #h$i A-&'*' ) " ong phmn ng: [!C !OX j HCl C Cl3 j Cl! j [Cl j H!O k/ phn t HCl %9ng B&$ t P cht *h Wqng * lRn trng =/ phn t HCl th&+ g$& phmn ng. $: t M cH& * l) A. DIX. y. 1IX. C. 3I1D. D. 3IX. C2/ 2;: ( thi !i h"c #h$i %-&''() D\ gF+ c:c cht %Ju t:c Ldng %<Qc BK$ Lung LMch HCl long l) : A. AghO3, 'hHD(!CO3, Cuk. y. tg'HCO3(!, HCOOh&, CuO. C. ek, y&kOD, [OH. D. [hO3, C&CO3, e'OH(3. II." LUxh: C2/ 3: Cho 1Ag h`n hQp gF+ n B) Cu t:c Ldng BK$ Lung LMch &.$t HCl th_ thu %<Qc !,!D l$t H! '%*tc(. "#nh "h)nh phRn Y BJ *h/$ l<Qng cH& +`$ *$+ lo$ t ong h`n hQp W&n %Ru. C2/ 2: Ho) t&n 5,!g h`n hQp gF+ tg B) e Wqng Lung LMch &.$t HCl 1t, th_ thu L<Qc 3,34 l$t H! '%*tc(. &. "#nh th)nh phRn Y theo *h/$ l<Qng +`$ *$+ lo$ t ong h`n hQp. W. "#nh thO t#ch Lung LMch &.$t HCl % L-ng. C2/ 4: Cho 4,3!g [tnOD t:c Ldng h^t BK$ Lung LMch HCl l\ L<. "o)n WE *h# clo =$nh & %<Qc hp thd h^t B)o 54g Lung LMch [OH !5Y '> nh$gt %E th<nng( thu %<Qc Lung LMch A."#nh nFng %E Y c:c cht t ong Lung LMch A. C2/ 5: Cho 1A,DDg tnO! t:c Ldng h^t BK$ Lung LMch HCl l\ L<. "o)n WE *h# clo =$nh & %<Qc hp thd Bp& %H B)o LL h&OH !t '> nh$gt %E th<nng( thu %<Qc Lung LMch A. &."#nh thO t#ch *h# clo =$nh & W."#nh thO t#ch cH& Lung LMch h&OH B) nFng %E +olIl#t c:c cht t ong Lung LMch A C2/ 6: Cho cho 5AA +l Lung LMch ch& D,!5g AghO3 B)o 5AA+l Lung LMch HCl 1t. "#nh nFng %E c:c cht thu %<Qc =&u phmn ng. C2/ 7:Cho 3AA+l +Et Lung LMch c9 hP& t&n 5,@5g h&Cl t:c Ldng BK$ !AA+l Lung LMch c9 hP& t&n 3Dg AghO3, ng<n$ t& thu %<Qc +Et *^t tH& B)Lung LMch A &."#nh *h/$ l<Qng *^t tH& thu %<Qc W."#nh Ct c:c cht t ong Lung LMch A

C2/ 8: Ho) t&n h^t 1A,14 g h`n hQp e B) tg t ong 5AA+l LL HCl 'Bp& %H( th_ thu %<Qc 5,4 l#t *h# > %*tc. &."#nh th)nh phRn Y theo *h/$ l<Qng +`$ *$+ lo$ t ong h`n hQp. W."#nh Ct cH& Lung LMch HCl % L-ng. c."#nh *h/$ l<Qng +u/$ thu %<Qc. C2/ 9: Cho 5,6D g h`n hQp h&!CO3 B) [!CO3 t:c Ldng h^t BK$ 3AA +l LL HCl =$nh & 1,1! l#t CO! '%*tc(. &. "#nh th)nh phRn phRn t s+ theo *h/$ l<Qng cH& ! +u/$ t ong h`n hQp W&n %Ru. W. "#nh nFng %E +olIl cH& LL HCl % L-ng. C2/ :: Cho 1D,A@g h`n hQp e B) eO t:c Ldng BK$ Lung LMch HCl 1t L< thu %<Qc D,D@ l#t *h# > %*tc. &."#nh th)nh phRn Y theo *h/$ l<Qng +`$ cht c9 t ong h`n hQp %Ru. W."#nh thO t#ch Lung LMch HCl 1t % L-ng. C2/ 3;: Cho 5AA+l Lung LMch AghO3 A,5t t:c Ldng BK$ !AAg Lung LMch HCl 5,DX5Y.'D 2 A,5gI+l(. &. "#nh *h/$ l<Qng c:c cht thu %<Qc =&u phmn ng. W. "#nh nFng %E +ol c:c cht thu %<Qc =&u phmn ng. C2/ 33. Cho Cho X@,3g tnO! t:c Ldng Bp& %H BK$ Lung LMch HCl !AY. &. "#nh *h/$ l<Qng Lung LMch HCl phmn ng B) thO t#ch *h# =$nh &. W. "#nh nFng %E Lung LMch +u/$ thu %<Qc. c. [h# =$nh & cho t:c Ldng B9$ !5A+l Lung LMch h&OH > nh$gt %E th<nng. "#nh nFng %E +ol cH& h&OH phmn ng B) cH& Lung LMch thu %<Qc. L. Cho *h# t Zn t:c Ldng BK$ =Ct. HP& t&n +u/$ thu %<Qc B)o 5!,5g H!O. "#nh nFng %E Y cH& Lung LMch +u/$.